Livestock and poultry compound probiotic feed easy to digest and capable of promoting absorption and preparation method of livestock and poultry compound probiotic feed

Abstract

The invention provides an easy-to-digest and absorption-promoting compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry and a preparation method of the easy-to-digest and absorption-promoting compound probiotic feed. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, adding water into cereal powder for gelatinization, and then adding functional enzyme for enzymolysis; filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues; s2, adding nutritional ingredients into the filtrate, and stirring to obtain a paste sugar solution; s3, mixing the filter residues with soybean meal powder and zymophyte, fermenting, and crushing to obtain protein slurry; s4, mixing the paste sugar liquid with the protein pulp, adding the modified carrier, and stirring and homogenizing to obtain the full-nutrition functional preparation; s5, mixing and cross-linking the full-nutrition functional preparation, the viable bacterium compound liquid, sodium alginate and calcium chloride, curing, and granulating to obtain the compound probiotic feed; according to the invention, through coordination of the composite probiotics, protection of the modified composite carrier and supply of a small peptide protein substrate, the activity of cellulose-degrading bacteria and propionibacterium is improved, so that the change rate of the weight of beef cattle is shifted upwards; meanwhile, fatty acid supply and microbial protein synthesis amount of dairy cows are increased, so that continuous improvement of milk yield is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of probiotics technology, and in particular to an easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scale and intensification of animal husbandry, high-density feeding, monotonous feed structure, and environmental stress during livestock and poultry farming can easily lead to an imbalance in the intestinal microecology of livestock and poultry, manifesting as increased diarrhea rates, slow growth, decreased feed conversion rates, and reduced immunity. The intestine is not only the main site of nutrient digestion and absorption but also the body's largest immune organ; its microbiota structure and intestinal barrier function directly affect the health and production performance of livestock and poultry. Therefore, developing functional feeds that can regulate intestinal microbiota structure, improve intestinal morphology, enhance immune function, and promote nutrient absorption has become an important research direction in the current livestock feed field.

[0003] Currently, antibiotics, chemical drugs, or high-dose zinc oxide are widely used in production to prevent and control intestinal diseases. However, long-term use can easily lead to problems such as the development of drug-resistant bacteria, drug residues, and environmental pollution, which is inconsistent with the trend of green farming and antibiotic-free development. Microecological feeds centered on probiotics are gradually becoming an alternative. They supplement beneficial bacteria to inhibit pathogen colonization, regulate the intestinal microenvironment, and enhance the body's immunity, offering advantages such as safety and environmental friendliness. However, current probiotic feeds generally have the following shortcomings: First, probiotics are easily inactivated by high temperature, high humidity, and shear force during granulation, drying, and storage, making it difficult to guarantee the actual number of live bacteria reaching the intestines; second, most products simply add bacterial cells, lacking functional substrates and active metabolites that have significant effects on intestinal repair and immune regulation; third, probiotics have a low survival rate in the acidic and bile salt environment of the stomach, making it difficult to effectively colonize the intestines, resulting in insufficient sustainability and stability in regulating the gut microbiota.

[0004] On the other hand, fermented feeds have certain advantages in improving palatability and digestibility because they contain small molecule peptides, organic acids and a variety of bioactive substances. However, existing fermented feeds mostly focus on nutrient conversion and lack comprehensive functional design for intestinal barrier repair, immune regulation and toxin adsorption. Moreover, the functional bacteria in the fermentation process are mostly process bacteria, and the number and function of live bacteria in the final product are singular, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve multiple goals of "nutrient supply-microbe reconstruction-intestinal repair".

[0005] Furthermore, harmful substances such as mycotoxins and nitrites from feed and the environment during the breeding process can irritate and damage the intestines of livestock and poultry, further disrupting the microecological balance. Although mineral adsorbents are added to existing feeds, they are mostly single inorganic materials with poor adsorption selectivity and are difficult to form a synergistic system with probiotics and functional nutrients.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a compound feed technology that integrates "fermented small peptide nutrition, compound probiotic regulation, polysaccharide-cyclodextrin-mineral compound carrier protection and targeted delivery" to ensure a high survival rate of probiotics while achieving the adsorption and slow release of harmful substances, the repair of the intestinal barrier, and the continuous regulation of immune function. This will improve the intestinal microecological environment of livestock and poultry from the source, thereby improving the health level and breeding efficiency of livestock and poultry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide an easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry and its preparation method. By systematically designing the carbon source sugar spectrum, small peptide molecular weight distribution, multi-bacterial synergistic system and compound inclusion carrier structure, the resulting feed not only has good nutritional supply performance, but also has the ability to repair the intestinal barrier, adsorb and release toxins, and deliver active substances in a targeted manner, thereby fundamentally improving the comprehensive regulatory effect of the feed on the health of livestock and poultry.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry, specifically comprising the following steps: S1: Gelatinize the grain powder with water, then add functional enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis; filter to obtain filtrate and residue; S2: Add nutrients to the filtrate and stir to obtain a syrup solution; S3: Mix the filter residue with soybean meal powder and fermentation bacteria, ferment, and then crush to obtain protein slurry; S4: Mix the sucrose solution with the protein slurry, add the modified carrier, stir and homogenize to obtain a fully nutritious functional preparation; S5: The complete nutritional functional preparation is mixed and cross-linked with live bacteria compound liquid, sodium alginate and calcium chloride, then matured and granulated to obtain compound probiotic feed.

[0009] In some embodiments, the grain flour is selected from one or more combinations of corn flour, wheat flour, rice flour, millet flour, and sorghum flour, but is not limited to the examples above.

[0010] In some embodiments, step S1 specifically includes: mixing grain powder and water, heating to gelatinize and then cooling, adding α-amylase to liquefy; cooling again and then adding saccharifying enzyme to react, and then filtering by plate pressing to obtain filtrate and filter residue.

[0011] In some embodiments, the nutrients are selected from one or more combinations of plasma proteins, lactose, fructooligosaccharides, emulsified fats, soybean lecithin, amino acids, calcium formate, trace elements, vitamins, and salt.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fermentation bacteria are selected from one or more combinations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria; further, the fermentation bacteria are a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria; even further, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is 10:1. 7 CFU / g: 10 6 CFU / g: 10 7 CFU / g: 10 7 CFU / g.

[0013] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the sucrose solution, protein slurry, and modified carrier is 1:(0.8-1.5):0.05-0.1.

[0014] In some embodiments, the homogenization conditions are low-temperature stirring for 20-40 minutes, followed by homogenization 1-2 times in a homogenizer at 30-60 MPa.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the modified carrier includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of cyclodextrin solution; (2) Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution; sodium alginate and yeast cell wall polysaccharide were added to water, stirred and then added to chitosan solution to prepare polysaccharide composite sol; (3) Add porous minerals to water, shear and disperse them, adjust the pH to acidic, and stir to obtain activated mineral slurry; (4) The activated mineral slurry was slowly added to the polysaccharide composite sol and stirred. Then, the cyclodextrin solution was added and stirred. The crosslinking agent was added and shearing and homogenization were continued. Then, the modified carrier was freeze-dried to obtain the modified carrier.

[0016] In some embodiments, the functional bacteria in the live bacteria complex are selected from one or more combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ratio of the total nutritional functional preparation, live bacteria compound liquid, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride is 5-10 parts: 1-5 parts: 3-6 parts: 0.5-2 parts.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry, resulting in a compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Significantly improves the survival rate and stability of probiotics. This invention uses a polysaccharide-cyclodextrin-mineral composite encapsulation carrier to gently encapsulate lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, antinitrite bacteria, and EM bacteria, which can effectively buffer the effects of processing shear force and gastric acid and bile salt environment, and the number of live bacteria in the finished feed can stably reach ≥1×10 8 The CFU / g system showed a significantly higher survival rate under simulated gastric fluid conditions than the unencapsulated system, enabling live bacteria to effectively reach and colonize the intestines.

[0020] (2) Improve intestinal morphology and enhance barrier function. The synergistic effect of the small molecule peptides, organic acids and polysaccharides produced by fermentation can promote the repair and regeneration of intestinal villi, increase villi height and villi height / crypt depth ratio, enhance the integrity of intestinal mucosa and nutrient absorption area, thereby improving intestinal structure and function.

[0021] (3) Improve the body's immune level. The multi-strain synergistic system, combined with small peptide nutrition and polysaccharide active ingredients, can significantly promote the production of secretory IgA in the intestine, improve the body's non-specific immunity, and enhance the resistance of livestock and poultry to pathogenic microorganisms and stress factors.

[0022] (4) Promotes digestion and absorption and improves production performance. The feed of this invention is rich in easily absorbed small molecule peptides, functional sugar profiles and fermentation metabolites, which can improve the digestibility and utilization of protein and energy, reduce the incidence of diarrhea, improve feed conversion efficiency and promote the healthy growth of livestock and poultry.

[0023] (5) Reduce the impact of harmful substances on the intestines. The complex mineral carrier forms a synergistic structure with cyclodextrin and polysaccharides, which can adsorb and slowly release harmful substances such as mycotoxins and nitrites, reduce their stimulation and damage to the intestinal mucosa, and help maintain the stability of the intestinal microecology.

[0024] In summary, this invention achieves a synergistic unity of "nutrient supply, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal repair and immune enhancement", and has significant comprehensive functional advantages. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are examples of the present invention and are used only to illustrate the invention, not to limit it. Other combinations and various modifications within the scope of the present invention can be made without departing from its spirit or scope.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents used in this invention are commercially available analytical grade reagents.

[0027] The Bacillus subtilis used in the examples was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with accession number CGMCC No. 1.821; The yeast was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the culture accession number CICC 1355; Lactobacillus acidophilus was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the culture accession number CICC 6088; Bifidobacterium longum was purchased from Suncon Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., model number LB32; Pseudomonas putida was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, accession number CGMCC1.2309; Bifidobacterium bifidum was purchased from Danisco (China) Co., Ltd., under the trade name Bb-02; Acinetobacter calcium acetate was purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection, number CCTCC DB 20082959; Bifidobacterium animalis was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, model number CICC 21713; Bacillus licheniformis was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with accession number CGMCC No. 21267.

[0028] Example of modified carrier preparation (1) Add 30 parts of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to 400 parts of deionized water, heat to 50℃, stir at 300 r / min for 30 min to dissolve, and obtain cyclodextrin solution; (2) Dissolve 8 parts of chitosan in 0.5wt% acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution; add 6 parts of sodium alginate and 5 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide to 200 parts of water and stir at 60℃ to dissolve; mix the two and stir at 50℃ for 30 min to obtain polysaccharide composite sol. (3) Add 8 parts of attapulgite to 100 parts of water, shear and disperse at 1000 r / min for 20 min, adjust pH to 5.5, stir at 60℃ for 30 min, filter and wash to obtain activated mineral slurry; (4) The activated mineral slurry was slowly added to the polysaccharide composite sol and stirred at 600 r / min. Then, the cyclodextrin solution was added and stirred at 50℃ for 30 min. The pH was adjusted to 5.5, 0.8 parts of citric acid were added, and the mixture was sheared and homogenized at 10000 rpm for 5 min. Then, the modified carrier was freeze-dried.

[0029] Example 1 S1: Add 35 parts corn, 20 parts wheat, and 15 parts broken rice flour to 5 times the volume of water and gelatinize at 90℃ for 20 minutes; reduce the temperature to 85℃ and liquefy with 0.1‰ α-amylase for 50 minutes, based on the total mass of corn, wheat, broken rice flour, and water as 100%; then reduce the temperature to 55℃, adjust the pH to 4.8, add 0.2‰ saccharifying enzyme, and react for 100 minutes, controlling the DE value at 15; after plate pressing and filtration, obtain the filtrate and filter residue. S2: Add 4 parts plasma protein, 3 parts lactose, 3 parts fructooligosaccharides, 3 parts emulsified fat, 0.5 parts soybean lecithin, 1 part amino acids, 1.0 part calcium formate, 0.2 parts trace elements, 0.05 parts vitamins, and 0.1 parts salt to the filtrate, and stir at 55℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a slurry solution. S3: Mix the filter residue with soybean meal powder and water in a volume ratio of 1:1:3, and then inoculate with fermentation bacteria (Bacillus subtilis 10). 7 CFU / g, yeast 10 6 CFU / g, Lactobacillus acidophilus 10 7 After mixing, the mixture was first fermented aerobically for 6 hours, then anaerobically for 24 hours, with the pH controlled at 4.2, and then wet-milled with a colloid mill to obtain a protein slurry (molecular weight ~2000 Da). S4: Mix the sucrose solution and protein slurry at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture. Add 8 wt% of the modified carrier to the mixture, stir at 300 rpm for 20 min, and then homogenize twice under high pressure at 60 MPa to obtain a fully nutritious functional preparation. S5: Combine the complete nutritional functional preparation with a live bacteria complex (Lactobacillus acidophilus 10... 10 CFU / g, Bifidobacterium longum 10 9 CFU / g, Pseudomonas putida 10 10 The compound probiotic feed is prepared by mixing CFU / g, 10 parts skim milk powder, 5 parts trehalose, 2 parts glycerol, and 2 wt% calcium chloride, allowing it to stand for 30 minutes to mature, and then granulating.

[0030] Example 2 The preparation method of Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S5, Bifidobacterium bifidum is used to replace Bifidobacterium longum and Acinetobacter calcium acetate is used to replace Pseudomonas putida.

[0031] Example 3 The preparation method of Example 3 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S5, Lactobacillus casei is used instead of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis is used instead of Bifidobacterium longum.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S5, the amount of Lactobacillus acidophilus added is 0, and the amount of Pseudomonas putida added is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 The preparation method of Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the amount of Bifidobacterium longum added in step S5 is 0.

[0034] Comparative Example 3 The preparation method of Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that Bacillus licheniformis is used instead of Pseudomonas putida in step S5.

[0035] Comparative Example 4 The preparation method of Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S4, a mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 1:1 is used as the carrier to replace the modified carrier.

[0036] Comparative Example 5 The preparation method of Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S4, chitosan is used as the carrier instead of the modified carrier.

[0037] Experimental Example 1 The effect of compound probiotic feed on the growth performance of beef cattle.

[0038] Nine hundred beef cattle of similar parity and weight were randomly divided into nine groups, and fed basal feed (control group), compound probiotic feed prepared according to the example and comparative examples (experimental group), respectively. The experimental period was 100 days, with a pre-feeding period of 10 days and a main trial period of 90 days. The rate of change in body weight before and after the experiment was calculated.

[0039] Experimental Example 2 The effect of compound probiotic feed on milk production performance of dairy cows.

[0040] Nine hundred dairy cows with similar parity, body weight, and milk yield were randomly divided into nine groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed a compound probiotic diet prepared according to the example and comparative examples. The experimental period was 56 days, including a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 49-day trial period. The rate of change in milk yield before and after the experiment was calculated.

[0041] Experimental Example 3 The effect of compound probiotic feed on the gastrointestinal digestion of dairy cows.

[0042] Nine hundred dairy cows with similar parity, body weight, and milk yield were randomly divided into nine groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed a compound probiotic diet prepared according to the example and comparative examples. The experimental period was 56 days, including a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 49-day trial period. Daily feed intake and uneaten feed were recorded for each group, and dry matter intake was calculated. Fecal samples were collected for five consecutive days to determine the contents of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, and ADF, and the apparent digestibility of each nutrient was calculated.

[0043] The results of the above experiments are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1. Test Results The probiotics added in this invention can stabilize the rumen and hindgut flora structure, increase the proportion of fiber-degrading bacteria, protein-degrading bacteria, and propionic acid-producing bacteria; increase the total amount of volatile fatty acids (VFA), especially the proportion of propionic acid, and enhance the supply of gluconeogenic substrates; inhibit putrefactive bacteria and excessive ammonia-producing bacteria, and reduce nutrient loss. This results in increased daily weight gain and weight change rate in beef cattle.

[0045] Sodium alginate in the modified composite carrier forms cross-links, protecting probiotics from gastric acid and bile salts; adsorbing ammonia, nitrite, and harmful metabolites; and slowly releasing energy and trace elements, reducing stress and latent poisoning, resulting in more stable body condition and increased weight change rate in beef cattle.

[0046] Furthermore, Bacillus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria promote microbial protein synthesis, small peptide protein plasma improves the utilization rate of bypass proteins, and the increase in metabolizable proteins improves the efficiency of milk protein synthesis.

[0047] After feeding the compound probiotic feed provided by this invention, overall digestibility is improved, the overall organic matter degradation rate is increased, and the amino acid absorption rate and microbial protein supply are enhanced, resulting in improved dry matter digestibility and crude protein digestibility. Cyclodextrin encapsulates fat-soluble substances, improving emulsification and dispersion, enhancing fat hydrolysis and absorption, and increasing crude fat digestibility. Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and ruminant obligate bacteria are activated, and pectin and polysaccharides induce the expression of cellulase-degrading enzymes, significantly improving the utilization rate of hemicellulose and cellulose. Furthermore, the microorganisms in the feed synergistically secrete cellulase and xylanase, deeply degrading structural carbohydrates and improving the utilization rate of roughage.

[0048] In summary, the feed of this invention, through the synergistic effect of compound probiotics, the protection of modified compound carriers, and the supply of small peptide protein substrates, constructs a stable and efficient fermentation system in the rumen, enhancing the activity of fiber-degrading bacteria and propionic acid-producing bacteria, thereby significantly improving the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and fiber nutrients. These effects increase the net energy deposition efficiency and improve the rate of weight change in beef cattle; simultaneously, they increase the supply of volatile fatty acids and the amount of microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows, thereby promoting a sustained increase in milk production.

[0049] The present invention can also be implemented in various other ways. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Gelatinize the grain powder with water, then add functional enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis; filter to obtain filtrate and residue; S2: Add nutrients to the filtrate and stir to obtain a syrup solution; S3: Mix the filter residue with soybean meal powder and fermentation bacteria, ferment, and then crush to obtain protein slurry; S4: Mix the sucrose solution with the protein slurry, add the modified carrier, stir and homogenize to obtain a fully nutritious functional preparation; S5: The complete nutritional functional preparation is mixed and cross-linked with live bacteria compound liquid, sodium alginate and calcium chloride, then matured and granulated to obtain compound probiotic feed.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of S1 specifically include: mixing grain powder and water, heating to gelatinize and then cooling, adding α-amylase to liquefy; cooling again and then adding saccharifying enzyme to react, pressing and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation bacteria are selected from one or more combinations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria in a ratio of 10:

1. 7 CFU / g: 10 6 CFU / g: 10 7 CFU / g: 10 7 CFU / g.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the slurry, protein slurry, and modified carrier is 1:(0.8-1.5):0.05-0.

1.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the modified carrier includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of cyclodextrin solution; (2) Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution; sodium alginate and yeast cell wall polysaccharide were added to water, stirred and then added to chitosan solution to prepare polysaccharide composite sol; (3) Add porous minerals to water, shear and disperse them, adjust the pH to acidic, and stir to obtain activated mineral slurry; (4) The activated mineral slurry was slowly added to the polysaccharide composite sol and stirred. Then, the cyclodextrin solution was added and stirred. The crosslinking agent was added and shearing and homogenization were continued. Then, the modified carrier was freeze-dried to obtain the modified carrier.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional bacteria in the live bacteria compound solution are selected from one or more combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the added total nutritional functional preparation, live bacteria compound liquid, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride is 5-10 parts: 1-5 parts: 3-6 parts: 0.5-2 parts.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrients are selected from one or more combinations of plasma proteins, lactose, fructooligosaccharides, emulsified fats, soybean lecithin, amino acids, calcium formate, trace elements, vitamins, and salt.

10. The easily digestible and absorbable compound probiotic feed for livestock and poultry prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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