Quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule coated additive and preparation method of quail egg feed

Abstract

The invention discloses quail egg feed containing a composite microcapsule coated additive and a preparation method, and relates to the field of quail breeding. Feed raw materials comprise corn flour, soybean meal and other basic components, and are matched with a fat metabolism regulation additive composed of bile acid, a cassia seed extract and a lotus leaf extract, and composite minerals with specific selenium content. In the preparation process, phytosterol-sodium alginate is used as a composite wall material, the fat metabolism regulating additive is subjected to microcapsule coating treatment, and then the fat metabolism regulating additive is prepared through the processes of weightlessness type metering and mixing, near-infrared online detection and uniform control, precise granulation and the like. The feed can protect the activity of additives, improve the nutrient absorption efficiency, reduce the fat content of quail eggs and reduce quail diarrhea, does not affect the egg laying performance, has both functionality and practicability, and meets the production requirements of healthy poultry eggs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quail farming technology, specifically to quail egg feed containing compound microcapsule-coated additives and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Quail eggs are widely favored by the market for their rich nutrition and delicate taste. With the popularization of healthy consumption concepts, low-fat and nutritionally balanced products have become important upgrade directions for poultry egg products. As a core factor affecting quail egg production performance and egg quality, feed formulation optimization and process innovation have become a focus of industry attention. Currently, the application of functional additives in quail feed is gradually being promoted. By scientifically combining raw materials and improving production processes, the control of egg fat content and the improvement of feeding safety have become the main development trend in the low-fat quail feed sector, in order to meet consumers' demand for healthy poultry eggs.

[0003] Among existing technologies related to low-fat quail feed, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN108077634A, entitled "A Feed for Reducing the Fat Content of Quail Eggs," achieves fat content regulation by adding natural plant additives. However, it does not take protective measures for functional components, leading to their easy inactivation during production and storage, and hindering their full effectiveness. Furthermore, this technology uses traditional mixing processes, lacks precise testing methods, results in insufficient nutritional uniformity in the feed, and fails to optimize the formula for quail's intestinal characteristics, easily causing intestinal discomfort. In addition, most similar technologies, while pursuing low-fat effects, fail to effectively balance quail egg production performance, making it difficult to simultaneously consider the functionality and practicality of the feed, and thus failing to meet the industry's demand for efficient, safe, and low-fat feed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives and its preparation method, which solves the problem that taking protective measures for functional components in feed can lead to their easy inactivation during production and storage, making it difficult to fully exert their effects.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: quail egg feed containing a compound microcapsule-coated additive, comprising, by weight, the following raw materials: 50-60 parts corn flour, 20-25 parts soybean meal, 5-8 parts wheat bran, 3-5 parts fish meal, 1-2 parts calcium powder, 0.3-0.5 parts salt, 0.2-0.5 parts fat metabolism regulator, 0.1-0.2 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1-0.2 parts compound minerals; the fat metabolism regulator is composed of bile acids, cassia seed extract, and lotus leaf extract in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the compound minerals contain 0.3-0.5 mg / kg of selenium.

[0006] A method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a composite microencapsulated fat metabolism regulator additive, wherein the microcapsules are made of a composite material composed of phytosterols and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3 as the wall material and the fat metabolism regulator additive as the core material, and are prepared by emulsification, mixing and spray granulation. The microcapsule particle size is 200-300μm and the wall material thickness is 15-20μm. S2: All raw materials are mixed using a loss-in-weight metering mixer, while near-infrared online detection technology is used to monitor the mixing uniformity and control the coefficient of variation (CV) to be ≤5%. S3: The mixture is pelleted at a temperature of 70-80℃ and a moisture content of 12±1%, with a pellet size of 1.0-1.5mm. After cooling, it is vacuum-packed to obtain the finished product.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation of the composite microcapsules in step one includes: (1) Mix phytosterols and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3, add 10 times the total weight of deionized water, and stir in a constant temperature water bath at 40°C until dissolved to obtain a composite wall material solution. (2) Add the fat metabolism regulator to 5 times its weight of anhydrous ethanol, and disperse it by ultrasonication at 20 kHz for 10 minutes to obtain a suspension. (3) Add the suspension dropwise to the composite wall material solution at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 300 r / min for 20 minutes to obtain an emulsion; (4) Pass the emulsion into the spray granulator, set the spray pressure to 0.3 MPa, the inlet air temperature to 60°C, and the outlet air temperature to 30°C, and collect the microcapsule particles.

[0008] Preferably, the wavelength range of near-infrared online detection in S2 is 1200-1800nm.

[0009] Preferably, the feed pellet size in S3 is 1.0 mm for chicks and 1.5 mm for adult quails.

[0010] (III) Beneficial Effects This invention provides a quail egg feed containing a composite microcapsule-coated additive and its preparation method. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes phytosterol-sodium alginate composite microcapsule coating technology to protect the activity of fat metabolism regulating additives, effectively regulating quail fat metabolism to reduce the fat content of quail eggs. Simultaneously, the scientifically proportioned raw materials, combined with a precise mixing process using near-infrared online detection, improve the uniformity and absorption efficiency of feed nutrition. Coupled with a formula and pelleting process adapted to the intestinal characteristics of quail, it reduces diarrhea and improves feeding safety. Furthermore, while achieving low-fat functionality, it does not affect quail egg production performance, thus balancing practicality and functionality. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] Example 1: This invention provides quail egg feed containing a compound microcapsule-coated additive. By weight, the raw materials include: 50-60 parts corn flour, 20-25 parts soybean meal, 5-8 parts wheat bran, 3-5 parts fish meal, 1-2 parts calcium powder, 0.3-0.5 parts salt, 0.2-0.5 parts fat metabolism regulator, 0.1-0.2 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1-0.2 parts compound minerals. The fat metabolism regulator consists of bile acids and cassia seed extract (the core active ingredient is anthraquinone compounds, mainly including rhein, emodin, cassia seed extract, and aurantium cassia seed extract; these components are key active substances for regulating fat metabolism and assisting in lowering lipids; the total anthraquinone content is ≥5.0% based on the dried extract). The extracts, prepared by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total amounts of rhein and emodin, were used to ensure that the activity intensity of the extracts met the functional requirements of the feed. The extracts consisted of lotus leaf extract (whose core active components are flavonoids and alkaloids, mainly including nuciferine, hyperoside, quercetin, and isoquercetin; these components can synergistically regulate quail fat metabolism and help reduce the fat content of eggs; the content requirements are: total flavonoid content ≥8.0% and nuciferine content ≥1.2% based on the dried extract; HPLC was used to ensure that the extract activity met the actual application requirements for the fat-reducing function of the feed) in a weight ratio of 2:1:1. The selenium content in the compound minerals was 0.3-0.5 mg / kg.

[0013] A method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of a composite microencapsulated fat metabolism regulator additive. The microcapsules are made of a composite material composed of phytosterols (specifically, a mixture of campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol in a weight ratio of 2:5:3; all three sterols are the most abundant active sterols in natural plants, and their synergistic effect can enhance the stability and coating effect of the composite wall material. At the same time, they are widely available and cost-controllable, meeting the needs of industrial feed production) and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3 as the wall material, and the fat metabolism regulator additive as the core material. The microcapsules are prepared by emulsification, mixing, and spray granulation. The microcapsule particle size is 200-300μm, and the wall material thickness is 15-20μm. S2: All raw materials are mixed using a loss-in-weight metering mixer, while near-infrared online detection technology is used to monitor the mixing uniformity and control the coefficient of variation (CV) to be ≤5%. S3: The mixture is pelleted at a temperature of 70-80℃ and a moisture content of 12±1%, with a pellet size of 1.0-1.5mm. After cooling, it is vacuum-packed to obtain the finished product.

[0014] The preparation of the composite microcapsules in step one includes: (1) Mix phytosterols and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3, add 10 times the total weight of deionized water, and stir in a constant temperature water bath at 40°C until dissolved to obtain a composite wall material solution. (2) Add the fat metabolism regulator to 5 times its weight of anhydrous ethanol, and disperse it by ultrasonication at 20 kHz for 10 minutes to obtain a suspension. (3) Add the suspension dropwise to the composite wall material solution at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 300 r / min for 20 minutes to obtain an emulsion; (4) Pass the emulsion into the spray granulator, set the spray pressure to 0.3 MPa, the inlet air temperature to 60°C, and the outlet air temperature to 30°C, and collect the microcapsule particles.

[0015] The wavelength range for near-infrared online detection in S2 is 1200-1800nm.

[0016] The particle size of feed pellets in S3 is 1.0 mm for chicks and 1.5 mm for adult quails.

[0017] Example 2: (1) Raw material formula 50 parts corn flour, 25 parts soybean meal, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts fish meal, 1 part calcium powder, 0.3 parts salt, 0.2 parts fat metabolism regulator additive (0.1 parts bile acids, 0.05 parts cassia seed extract, 0.05 parts lotus leaf extract), 0.1 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1 parts compound minerals (selenium content 0.3 mg / kg, based on total feed weight).

[0018] (2) Preparation steps Same as Example 1, except that: microcapsule particle size is 200 μm, wall material thickness is 15 μm; granulation particle size is 1.0 mm; and the coefficient of variation of mixing uniformity is CV = 4.5%.

[0019] Comparative Example 1: (1) Source and formulation: According to the Chinese invention patent "A low-fat quail feed" published by CN108576321A, it was prepared according to Example 1 of its instructions. The core formulation is: 52 parts corn flour, 20 parts soybean meal, 8 parts wheat bran, 6 parts fish meal, 0.3 parts tea polyphenols, 0.2 parts linolenic acid, 1.8 parts calcium powder, 0.4 parts salt, 0.2 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1 parts compound minerals.

[0020] (2) Preparation method: The traditional dry mixing ± high temperature granulation process disclosed in the patent is adopted, and the functional additives are not coated.

[0021] Comparative Example 2: (1) Formula: 58 parts corn flour, 23 parts soybean meal, 7 parts wheat bran, 4 parts fish meal, 1.6 parts calcium powder, 0.4 parts salt, 0.2 parts compound vitamins, and 0.2 parts compound minerals; no fat metabolism regulator additives.

[0022] (2) Preparation method: conventional crushing and mixing (ribbon mixer, mixing uniformity CV=16.8%), high temperature granulation (temperature 90℃), natural cooling and packaging.

[0023] Experimental example: (1) Experimental materials and grouping: Experimental animals: 400 healthy Japanese quails aged 30 days, weighing 105±5g, with no history of disease, were randomly divided into 4 groups of 100 quails each (male to female ratio 1:4). (2) Group design: Experimental Group 1: Feeding Experiment Example 1 (the special feed for adult quails of this invention), the subjects were adult laying quails; Experimental Group 2: Feeding Experiment Example 2 (Special Feed for Chicks of the Invention), the subjects were 30-day-old chicks (raised to 90 days old); Control group 1: Feeded with control group 1 (CN108576321A patented feed), the subjects were adult laying quails; Control group 2: Feeded with conventional feed (comparison group 2), the subjects were adult laying quails.

[0024] (3) Experimental methods and procedures Feeding and management: All groups were raised in the same standardized quail house with a temperature of 22-25℃, humidity of 55-65%, and light of 16h / d (30 lux); they had free access to feed and water, and their droppings were cleaned daily and disinfected regularly. The feeding and management conditions of each group were completely identical; the experimental period was 60 days.

[0025] (4) Detection indicators and methods: 1. Crude fat content of quail eggs: Starting from day 10 of the experiment, quail eggs from each group were collected every 10 days (30 eggs per group each time). After shelling, the eggs were homogenized at high speed and tested using the Soxhlet extraction method according to GB5009.6-2025 "National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Fat in Food". A total of 6 batches were tested during the experimental period. The data in the table are the average ± standard deviation of the results of the 6 batches. 2. Fat digestibility: On days 55-60 of the experiment, feces were collected from each group using Cr2O3 as an indicator (addition amount 0.1%). After drying, the fat content in the feces was measured, and the fat digestibility was calculated as follows: (ingested fat - fecal fat) / ingested fat × 100%; 3. Additive activity retention rate: Before and after the experiment, the activity of bile acids in the feed was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The activity retention rate was calculated as (activity after the experiment / initial activity) × 100%. 4. Quail diarrhea rate: Record the number of quails with diarrhea daily (judgment criteria: loose and unformed feces, sticking to the anus), and calculate the diarrhea rate = (total number of quails with diarrhea / total number of quails raised) × 100%; 5. Average egg production rate: Average egg production rate (only adult quails aged 11-20 weeks at peak egg production are counted) = (total number of effective eggs produced during the experimental period / (number of adult egg-producing quails raised × actual number of egg-producing days)) × 100%; where "effective eggs produced" refers to qualified eggs weighing ≥ 5g, without damage or deformity, excluding unfertilized eggs, broken eggs, and deformed eggs.

[0026] 6. Data Statistics: SPSS 22.0 software was used for analysis. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were analyzed using t-tests. P <0.05 indicates a significant difference.

[0027] (5) The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0028] In summary: This invention utilizes phytosterol-sodium alginate composite microcapsule coating technology to achieve an additive activity retention rate of over 90%. Combined with precise mixing technology (CV≤5%) and appropriate pelleting parameters, it significantly improves quail fat digestibility (4.5-5.5% higher than conventional feed). Simultaneously, through the targeted action of the fat metabolism regulating additive, without affecting egg production rate (80-84%, consistent with peak egg production characteristics) and feeding safety (diarrhea rate only 1.2-1.5%), it not only reduces the crude fat content of quail eggs (2.3-2.6% lower than conventional feed), but also reduces cholesterol deposition (18-22% lower) and increases the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (9-11% higher), achieving an upgrade of "low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-nutrition" eggs, fully meeting the needs of healthy poultry egg production.

[0029] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Quail egg feed containing a compound microcapsule-coated additive, characterized in that, By weight, the raw material composition includes: 50-60 parts corn flour, 20-25 parts soybean meal, 5-8 parts wheat bran, 3-5 parts fish meal, 1-2 parts calcium powder, 0.3-0.5 parts salt, 0.2-0.5 parts fat metabolism regulator, 0.1-0.2 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1-0.2 parts compound minerals; the fat metabolism regulator is composed of bile acids, cassia seed extract, and lotus leaf extract in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the compound minerals contain 0.3-0.5 mg / kg of selenium.

2. The method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a composite microencapsulated fat metabolism regulator additive, wherein the microcapsules are made of a composite material composed of phytosterols and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3 as the wall material and the fat metabolism regulator additive as the core material, and are prepared by emulsification, mixing and spray granulation. The microcapsule particle size is 200-300μm and the wall material thickness is 15-20μm. S2: All raw materials are mixed using a loss-in-weight metering mixer, while near-infrared online detection technology is used to monitor the mixing uniformity and control the coefficient of variation (CV) to be ≤5%. S3: The mixture is pelleted at a temperature of 70-80℃ and a moisture content of 12±1%, with a pellet size of 1.0-1.5mm. After cooling, it is vacuum-packed to obtain the finished product.

3. The method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the composite microcapsules in step one includes: (1) Mix phytosterols and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 1:3, add 10 times the total weight of deionized water, and stir in a constant temperature water bath at 40°C until dissolved to obtain a composite wall material solution. (2) Add the fat metabolism regulator to 5 times its weight of anhydrous ethanol, and disperse it by ultrasonication at 20 kHz for 10 minutes to obtain a suspension. (3) Add the suspension dropwise to the composite wall material solution at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 300 r / min for 20 minutes to obtain an emulsion; (4) Pass the emulsion into the spray granulator, set the spray pressure to 0.3 MPa, the inlet air temperature to 60°C, and the outlet air temperature to 30°C, and collect the microcapsule particles.

4. The method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength range of near-infrared online detection in S2 is 1200-1800nm.

5. The method for preparing quail egg feed containing composite microcapsule-coated additives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed pellet size in S3 is 1.0 mm for chicks and 1.5 mm for adult quails.

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