Intelligent spot welding machining equipment for drum brake production

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding devices, and particularly discloses an intelligent spot welding machining device for drum brake production, which comprises a rack, a base is arranged on the rack, a positioning mechanism and a welding execution mechanism are mounted on the base, the positioning mechanism comprises a positioning plate, a supporting piece and a clamping piece, a positioning groove matched with a shoe is formed in the positioning plate, and the clamping piece is arranged on the supporting piece. The supporting pieces are arranged at the two ends of the positioning groove and used for supporting the rotating shaft and the abutting piece, the rotating shaft and the abutting piece are used as limiting pieces to be matched with the positioning plate, circumferential positioning of the shoe and the lining is achieved, and integrated abutting positioning of a workpiece to be machined is achieved in cooperation with the clamping piece. The welding executing mechanism comprises a welding gun, a circumferential rotating assembly, a telescopic adjusting assembly and an angle adjusting assembly. The technical problems that in the prior art, a brake shoe welding tool is low in efficiency, multiple times of clamping are needed, and automatic and accurate welding is difficult are solved, and the production efficiency and the welding quality are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding devices, and particularly to an intelligent spot welding processing device for the production of drum brakes. Background Art

[0002] A brake shoe is a component that is pushed outwards by the action of a brake cam or a push rod to press against the brake drum to achieve a braking effect. It is installed on the brake drum and is one of the key safety parts in the automotive braking system. The structure of a brake shoe usually consists of a semi-circular shoe, a lining attached to the outer circumference of the shoe, a rotating shaft and a stop piece respectively welded to both ends of the shoe. In the current field of drum brake production, the welding process of brake shoe components mainly relies on traditional mechanized or semi-automated welding tooling. In the prior art, the combination of the shoe and the lining, the connection of the shoe and the rotating shaft, and the fixation of the shoe and the stop piece are often split into multiple independent production stations, and each station is equipped with a dedicated welding fixture for sequential operations. Chinese patent document with publication number CN111230385B discloses a brake shoe welding tooling, which includes a fixed frame, a shoe positioning component, a lining positioning component and a pressing mechanism. The fixed frame is of a "C" - shaped structure. The shoe positioning component, the lining positioning component and the pressing mechanism are all arranged inside the fixed frame. The shoe positioning component and the pressing mechanism are both fixedly connected to the fixed frame, and the lining positioning component is fixedly connected to the movable end of the pressing mechanism and the movement direction during operation points towards the shoe positioning component direction. During welding, the lining is fixed on the lining positioning component by using the positioning holes on the lining, then the shoe is clamped on the shoe positioning component by using the slot on the shoe, and finally the lining and the shoe are fixed to each other by using the pressing component. The positioning is accurate, the processing effect is good, the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0003] Although the above - mentioned welding tooling can position the shoe and the lining for welding, during the whole processing of the brake shoe, the operator still needs to transfer the preliminarily welded lining and shoe to the subsequent stations, and use other fixtures to separately complete the secondary positioning and welding of the rotating shaft and the stop piece. This production mode of "multiple processes and multiple fixtures" leads to low processing efficiency, and the cumulative positioning errors caused by multiple clamping are difficult to eliminate, greatly affecting the geometric dimension accuracy and the consistency of welding strength of the drum brake, and the high - intensity repetitive loading and unloading work also causes a heavy labor burden. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an intelligent spot welding processing device for the production of drum brakes, aiming to solve the problems in the related art that the shoe, lining, rotating shaft and stop piece of the drum brake need to be clamped and positioned separately in multiple processes with low positioning accuracy, and the welding gun cannot achieve automatic tracking spot welding in a complex and narrow space.

[0005] A smart spot welding processing equipment for the production of drum brakes includes a frame and a base, and also includes a positioning mechanism and a welding execution mechanism mounted on the base; The positioning mechanism includes a positioning plate, a support member, and a clamping member. The positioning plate is provided with an arc-shaped positioning groove adapted to the shape of the hoof plate for axial positioning of the hoof plate. The support member is located at both ends of the positioning groove for supporting the rotating shaft and the abutment plate, and for the rotating shaft and the abutment plate to cooperate with the positioning plate as limiting members to circumferentially position the hoof plate and the liner. The clamping member is used to axially clamp the liner plate, the rotating shaft, and the abutment plate, thereby realizing integrated abutment positioning of the workpiece to be processed. The welding actuator includes a welding torch, a circumferential rotation assembly, a telescopic adjustment assembly, and an angle adjustment assembly. The circumferential rotation assembly drives the welding torch to rotate circumferentially around the axis of the positioning groove, so that the welding torch performs spot welding along the circumferential trajectory of the workpiece. The telescopic adjustment assembly is mounted on the circumferential rotation assembly and drives the welding torch to move radially along the positioning groove, so that the welding torch approaches the welding seam located at different radial positions. The angle adjustment assembly is mounted on the telescopic adjustment assembly and drives the welding torch to rotate around the axis of the telescopic adjustment assembly, so as to adjust the direction of the welding torch and match the welding seam in different orientations.

[0006] Its effects are as follows: Through the positioning plate, support components, and clamping components in the positioning mechanism, the positioning plate performs initial axial positioning of the shoe, the support components transform the rotating shaft and the abutment into limiting components, performing circumferential positioning of the shoe and liner, and the clamping components apply axial pressure, achieving integrated abutment positioning of the shoe, liner, rotating shaft, and abutment within a single workstation. This eliminates repetitive errors from cross-workstation clamping and significantly improves product consistency. Simultaneously, the cooperation of the circumferential rotation component, telescopic adjustment component, and angle adjustment component in the welding execution mechanism gives the welding torch extremely high freedom in complex spaces, enabling continuous automated spot welding throughout the entire path, greatly improving welding quality.

[0007] Preferably, the welding torch includes two sets of side welding torches symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning plate, and one set of top welding torches positioned directly above the positioning plate. The side welding torches are used to weld the lateral weld seams of the workpiece, and the top welding torches are used to weld the circumferential weld seams of the workpiece, thereby achieving continuous spot welding at multiple contact points between the shoe, liner, rotating shaft, and abutment. The effect is that, through the multi-positional spatial arrangement of the three sets of welding torches, simultaneous or continuous processing of multi-faceted weld seams on complex workpieces can be achieved, thereby greatly shortening the overall welding cycle of a single workpiece and balancing the distribution of welding thermal stress.

[0008] Preferably, the support includes an arc-shaped plate and a support plate respectively disposed at both ends of the positioning groove. The shape of the arc-shaped plate is adapted to the rotation axis for supporting and positioning the rotation axis. The surface of the support plate is inclined to adapt to the placement angle of the abutment. When the abutment is placed on the support plate, one side of the abutment can abut against the side of the positioning plate to achieve positioning. The effect is that, through the setting of the arc-shaped structure and the gravity inclined surface in the support, geometric interference is used to guide the rotation axis and the abutment to automatically reset, thereby reducing the dependence on the accuracy of manual placement.

[0009] Preferably, a cylinder is mounted on the base, and the output end of the cylinder is connected to the arc-shaped plate. This cylinder drives the arc-shaped plate to reciprocate between a positioning station and a clearance station. When the arc-shaped plate is in the positioning station, it supports and positions the rotating shaft. When the arc-shaped plate is in the clearance station, it avoids the movement trajectory of the top welding torch, thus exposing the welding gap between the lining and the rotating shaft. The effect is that by using the cylinder to drive the arc-shaped plate to achieve dynamic displacement, the positioning plate actively withdraws from the welding path after completing its task, thereby resolving the spatial interference between the positioning mechanism and the welding torch and achieving continuous welding throughout the entire path.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping component includes a fixed plate, a clamping plate, and a second cylinder. The fixed plate is fixedly installed on the base and located on one side of the axial direction of the positioning groove. The second cylinder is installed on the base and its output end is connected to the clamping plate. It is used to drive the clamping plate to move towards or away from the fixed plate. When the clamping plate moves towards the fixed plate, it can simultaneously apply axial pressure to the end faces of the liner, the rotating shaft, and the abutment, and cooperate with the fixed plate to achieve axial positioning of the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the circumferential rotating assembly includes a fixed shaft, a first gear, a second gear, and a first motor. The fixed shaft is fixedly mounted on the base, and the axis of the fixed shaft is collinear with the axis of the positioning groove. The second gear is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft. The telescopic adjustment assembly is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the second gear. The first motor is mounted on the base, and its output end is connected to the first gear. The first gear and the second gear mesh and drive each other. Through the rotation of the second gear, the telescopic adjustment assembly and the side welding torch can be driven to move synchronously along the circumferential welding trajectory of the workpiece.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic adjustment assembly includes an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, and a cylinder three. The outer sleeve is disposed on the outer periphery of the gear two and extends radially along the fixed shaft. The inner sleeve is coaxially slidably fitted with the outer sleeve. The cylinder three is fixedly installed inside the outer sleeve, and its output end is connected to the inner sleeve. The side welding torch is installed at the end of the inner sleeve away from the outer sleeve. The cylinder three drives the inner sleeve to telescopically extend relative to the outer sleeve, thereby driving the side welding torch to move radially along the workpiece.

[0013] Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes gear three, gear four, and motor two. A mounting block is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of gear two. The end of the outer sleeve away from the inner sleeve is rotatably engaged with the mounting block. Gear four is fixedly mounted on the outer sleeve. Motor two is mounted on the mounting block, and its output end is connected to gear three. Gear three and gear four mesh and drive each other. Through the rotation of gear four, the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve that rotates synchronously with it can be driven to rotate around the axis of the inner sleeve, thereby changing the welding angle of the side welding torch relative to the workpiece.

[0014] Preferably, the base has two feeding channels, one of which has its output end pointing to the arc plate when it is in the positioning position, for guiding the rotating shaft to the arc plate, and the other feeding channel has its output end pointing to the tray, for guiding the abutment to the tray.

[0015] Preferably, the positioning plate includes two symmetrically arranged lateral limiting plates and an inner circular positioning block disposed between the two lateral limiting plates. The outer edge of the inner circular positioning block and the inner edge of the lateral limiting plates together form a positioning groove. By replacing the inner circular positioning blocks of different thicknesses or diameters, different specifications of brake shoes can be adapted. The effect is that the modular and replaceable inner circular positioning blocks greatly enhance the compatibility of the equipment, thereby enabling flexible and rapid switching production of multiple types of brakes.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention features a positioning mechanism. First, the positioning groove on the positioning plate provides initial axial positioning of the shoe. Then, a support member carries the rotating shaft and the abutment, acting as a limiting member to circumferentially limit the shoe and the liner. Finally, a clamping member provides final axial positioning, transforming the workpiece itself into a mutually constraining limiting reference. This achieves integrated abutment positioning of the shoe, liner, rotating shaft, and abutment in a single workstation, changing the cumbersome process of multiple clamping operations in traditional processes, improving assembly efficiency, eliminating repetitive errors from cross-workstation clamping, and significantly improving product consistency.

[0017] 2. This invention is equipped with a welding execution mechanism, which realizes the circumferential movement of the welding torch through a circumferential rotation component, realizes the radial depth adjustment of the welding torch in conjunction with the telescopic adjustment component, and realizes the angle adjustment of the welding torch through the angle adjustment component. This gives the welding torch a very high degree of freedom in three-dimensional space, and can automatically adjust the depth and angle of the welding torch according to the complex curved surface path of the brake shoe, realizing continuous automated spot welding without dead angles throughout the entire path, significantly improving welding efficiency and weld quality, and reducing the risk of manual operation and production costs.

[0018] 3. The present invention is equipped with an arc plate with a clearance function. The arc plate is driven by a cylinder to switch between the positioning station and the clearance station, which can solve the contradiction between the positioning mechanism and the welding gun space interference, remove physical obstacles for continuous operation of multiple gun heads, and realize continuous welding. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the positioning mechanism and the welding execution mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the welding actuator of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the circumferential rotating component and the telescopic adjustment component of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the telescopic adjustment component and the angle adjustment component of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning plate of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the shoe plate, liner, rotating shaft and abutment plate of the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Frame; 11. Base; 111. Feeding channel; 12. Gantry support frame; 13. Moving seat; 14. Lifting cylinder; 21. Positioning plate; 211. Positioning groove; 212. Side limiting plate; 213. Inner circle positioning block; 22. Support component; 221. Arc plate; 222. Pallet; 223. Cylinder 1; 23. Clamping component; 231. Fixing plate; 232. Clamping plate; 233. Cylinder 2; 3. Welding gun; 31. Side welding gun; 32. Top welding gun; 41. Fixed shaft; 42. Gear 1; 43. Gear 2; 44. Motor 1; 51. Outer sleeve; 52. Inner sleeve; 61. Gear 3; 62. Gear 4; 63. Motor 2; 64. Mounting block; 71. Shoe; 72. Liner; 73. Rotating shaft; 74. Abutment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1-9 As shown, an intelligent spot welding processing equipment for the production of drum brakes includes a frame 1, a clamping mechanism and a welding execution mechanism.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the frame 1 serves as the overall support structure for the equipment. Its bottom is equipped with leveling pads, allowing adjustment of the frame 1's horizontal position according to the flatness of the workshop floor. This ensures the overall stability of the equipment and prevents welding deviations caused by frame 1 shaking during the welding process. A base 11 is horizontally positioned at the top of the frame 1. The upper surface of the base 11 is machined with welding stations, where both the positioning mechanism and the welding execution mechanism are integrated and installed. The positioning mechanism is used to achieve integrated abutment positioning of the brake shoe 71, liner 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74, ensuring precise alignment of the weld seams of each component. The welding execution mechanism drives the welding torch 3 to perform precise spot welding along the trajectory of each weld seam. Together, they achieve one-time positioning and continuous welding of the brake shoe components.

[0032] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the positioning mechanism is the core component for achieving integrated contact positioning of the workpiece to be processed. It mainly includes a positioning plate 21, a support member 22, and a clamping member 23. The positioning plate 21 is fixedly installed at the center of the welding station. It has a plate-like structure and is fixed to the base 11 with bolts to ensure a firm connection. The positioning plate 21 has an arc-shaped positioning groove 211 for placing the shoe piece 71. The curvature of the inner arc surface of the positioning groove 211 is perfectly matched with the curvature of the inner arc surface of the shoe piece 71 to be processed. When the shoe piece 71 is placed in the positioning groove 211, the inner arc surface of the positioning groove 211 fits against the inner arc surface of the shoe piece 71, achieving preliminary axial positioning of the shoe piece 71.

[0033] To adapt to the processing requirements of hoof plates of different specifications and sizes, such as Figure 8As shown, the positioning plate 21 adopts a modular design, including two symmetrically arranged lateral limiting plates 212 and an inner circular positioning block 213 disposed between the two lateral limiting plates 212. The lateral limiting plates 212 are fixedly connected to the base 11. The inner circular positioning block 213 is a replaceable modular component with an arc-shaped outer edge, which together with the inner edges of the two lateral limiting plates 212 forms the aforementioned positioning groove 211. Therefore, by replacing the inner circular positioning blocks 213 with different thicknesses and outer arc diameters, the overall curvature and groove width of the positioning groove 211 can be changed, thereby adapting to shoe plates 71 with different inner arc sizes and widths. This eliminates the need to replace the entire positioning plate 21, reducing tooling replacement costs and improving the versatility of the equipment.

[0034] like Figures 2-5 As shown, the support member 22 is used to support and position the rotating shaft 73 and the abutment 74, and to make the rotating shaft 73 and the abutment 74 cooperate with the positioning plate 21 as limiting members to achieve circumferential positioning of the shoe 71 and the liner 72, preventing the shoe 71 and the liner 72 from rotating circumferentially during welding. In this embodiment, the support member 22 includes an arc-shaped plate 221 and a support plate 222 respectively disposed at both ends of the positioning groove 211. The arc-shaped plate 221 is an arc-shaped groove structure adapted to the outer contour of the rotating shaft 73. When the rotating shaft 73 is placed on the arc-shaped plate 221, the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 221 fits against the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 73, thereby supporting and positioning the rotating shaft 73. At this time, the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 73 abuts against one end of the shoe 71, forming a welding gap. The support plate 222 is an inclined plate structure, which is fixed to the base 11 by bolts. The inclination angle of the support plate 222 is adapted to the installation angle of the abutment 74. When the abutment 74 is placed on the support plate 222, one side of the abutment 74 can naturally abut against the side of the positioning plate 21 to achieve positioning of the abutment 74. At this time, the end of the abutment 74 abuts against the other end of the shoe 71, forming a welded gap. The support plate 222 and the base 11 are detachably connected. If it is necessary to adapt to different specifications of abutment 74, it can be achieved by replacing the support plate 222 with a different inclination angle.

[0035] Therefore, when positioning the workpiece, firstly, the rotating shaft 73 and the abutment 74 are placed. The rotating shaft 73 and the abutment 74 are supported and positioned by the arc plate 221 and the support plate 222. Then, the shoe 71 is placed in the positioning groove 211. At this time, one end of the shoe 71 precisely abuts against the outer surface of the rotating shaft 73, and the other end of the shoe 71 precisely abuts against the surface of the abutment 74, forming a circumferential limit for the shoe 71. When the liner 72 is fitted on the outer periphery of the shoe 71, one end of the liner 72 precisely abuts against the outer side of the arc plate 221, and the other end of the liner 72 precisely abuts against the outer side of the abutment 74, forming a circumferential limit for the liner 72, thereby achieving circumferential positioning of the shoe 71 and the liner 72.

[0036] like Figures 2-5 As shown, a cylinder 223 is further installed on the base 11. The cylinder 223 is fixed on the base 11, and its output end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arc plate 221, providing power for the arc plate 221 to reciprocate and move, driving the arc plate 221 to reciprocate linearly between the positioning station and the avoidance station. When the arc plate 221 is in the positioning station, it is located directly below the end of the positioning groove 211. At this time, the outer surface of the rotating shaft 73 placed on the arc plate 221 precisely abuts against one end of the shoe 71, forming a welding gap. After the welding of the rotating shaft 73 and the shoe 71 is completed, the cylinder 223 drives the arc plate 221 to move away from the positioning plate 21 to the avoidance station. At this time, the arc plate 221 completely avoids the movement trajectory of the welding torch 3, completely exposing the welding gap between the lining 72 and the rotating shaft 73, ensuring that the welding torch 3 can perform unobstructed spot welding on the gap.

[0037] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the clamping member 23 is used to axially clamp and position the lining 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74 to prevent axial displacement of the workpiece during welding. The clamping member 23 includes a fixed plate 231, a clamping plate 232, and a second cylinder 233. The fixed plate 231 is a plate structure that is fixedly mounted on the base 11 by bolts and is located on one axial side of the positioning groove 211. The second cylinder 233 is fixedly mounted on the base 11, and its output end is fixedly connected to the back of the clamping plate 232, providing power for the movement of the clamping plate 232 and driving the clamping plate 232 to reciprocate linearly towards or away from the fixed plate 231.

[0038] After the liner 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74 are initially positioned, cylinder 233 drives clamping plate 232 to move closer to fixed plate 231. The clamping surface of clamping plate 232 contacts the axial end faces of liner 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74, applying uniform axial pressure to all three until the other end faces of each component are tightly fitted to fixed plate 231. At this point, clamping plate 232 and fixed plate 231 cooperate to form a clamping space, achieving axial clamping and positioning of liner 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74, thereby achieving integrated abutment positioning of the workpiece to be processed.

[0039] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the welding actuator is installed at the welding station and arranged around the positioning mechanism. It mainly includes a welding torch 3, a circumferential rotation component, a telescopic adjustment component, and an angle adjustment component. Among them, the circumferential rotation component, the telescopic adjustment component, and the angle adjustment component provide multi-dimensional motion adjustment for the welding torch 3, enabling the welding torch 3 to accurately align with welding gaps at different positions and orientations, and to complete spot welding along the trajectory of the welding gap.

[0040] like Figures 1-7As shown, the welding torch 3 is a special spot welding torch, and its output end welding head is made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant material to ensure stability and service life during the spot welding process. In this embodiment, multiple sets of welding torches 3 are arranged to achieve synchronous or continuous welding of various welding gaps, thereby improving welding efficiency. Specifically, the welding torch 3 includes two sets of side welding torches 31 and one set of top welding torches 32. The layout of the three sets of welding torches 3 is adapted to the position of the welding gap of the workpiece, so as to achieve continuous spot welding of multiple contact positions between the shoe 71, the liner 72, the rotating shaft 73 and the abutment 74.

[0041] Two sets of side welding torches 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning plate 21, with their welding heads pointing towards the welding gaps on both sides of the positioning plate 21. They are mainly used for spot welding of the lateral welding gaps of the workpiece, specifically including the two sides of the welding gap between the shoe 71 and the liner 72, the welding gap between the shoe 71 and the rotating shaft 73, and the welding gap between the shoe 71 and the abutment 74. The two sets of side welding torches 31 work synchronously, which can realize the simultaneous spot welding of the lateral gaps on both sides, improving welding efficiency. The top welding torch 32 is located directly above the positioning plate 21, with its welding head pointing vertically downwards towards the outer peripheral welding gap of the workpiece. It is mainly used for spot welding of the outer peripheral welding gap of the contact area between the liner 72 and the shoe 71, the welding gap between the liner 72 and the rotating shaft 73, and the welding gap between the liner 72 and the abutment 74.

[0042] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the base 11 is also equipped with a drive structure for driving the top welding torch 32. The drive structure includes a gantry support frame 12 fixed on the base 11 and spanning above the positioning mechanism. The gantry support frame 12 has a guide groove and a drive motor is installed thereon. The output end of the drive motor is connected to a movable seat 13 that is slidably installed in the guide groove. A lifting cylinder 14 is vertically installed on the movable seat 13. The output end of the lifting cylinder 14 is connected to the top welding torch 32 and is used to drive the top welding torch 32 to perform vertical downward welding feed or vertical upward reset lifting action, thereby realizing multi-dimensional spot welding of the outer periphery of the lining 72 and the joint of the rotating shaft 73.

[0043] like Figures 3-6As shown, the circumferential rotation assembly is mounted on the base 11 and connected to the side welding torch 31. It drives the side welding torch 31 to rotate circumferentially around the axis of the positioning groove 211, enabling the side welding torch 31 to perform spot welding along the circumferential welding trajectory of the workpiece, adapting to the processing requirements of the arc-shaped welding gap between the shoe 71 and the lining 72. The circumferential rotation assembly includes a fixed shaft 41, a first gear 42, a second gear 43, and a first motor 44. The fixed shaft 41 is a cylindrical rigid shaft, fixedly mounted at the center of the base 11 via a bearing seat. The axis of the fixed shaft 41 is collinear with the axis of the positioning groove 211, ensuring that the circumferential rotation trajectory of the side welding torch 31 completely coincides with the circumferential welding trajectory of the workpiece. The second gear 43 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the fixed shaft 41. A telescopic adjustment assembly is fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the second gear 43. The side welding torch 31 is connected to the second gear 43 via the telescopic adjustment assembly, allowing the side welding torch 31 to move synchronously with the rotation of the second gear 43. Motor 44 is fixedly mounted on base 11. The output end of motor 44 is fixedly connected to the shaft of gear 42. Gear 42 meshes with gear 43 for transmission. Starting motor 44 drives gear 42 and gear 43 to rotate, thereby driving the telescopic adjustment component and the side welding torch 31 to move at a uniform speed along the circumferential welding trajectory of the workpiece, ensuring that the spot weld is uniform.

[0044] like Figures 3-7 As shown, the telescopic adjustment assembly is installed on the outer periphery of gear 2 43 and connected to the side welding torch 31. It drives the side welding torch 31 to reciprocate radially along the positioning groove 211, allowing the side welding torch 31 to approach welding gaps at different radial positions, adapting to changes in the radial welding position of workpieces of different specifications, and simultaneously achieving precise adjustment of the distance between the welding head and the welding gap. The telescopic adjustment assembly includes an outer sleeve 51, an inner sleeve 52, and a cylinder 3 (not shown in the figure). The outer sleeve 51 is a hollow cylindrical body, one end of which is located on the outer periphery of gear 2 43 and extends radially along the fixed shaft 41. The inner sleeve 52 is a cylindrical body adapted to the outer sleeve 51, slidingly fitted inside the outer sleeve 51, forming a coaxial sliding fit. A linear guide rail is provided between the inner sleeve 52 and the outer sleeve 51 to reduce the sliding friction between them and ensure the straightness of the movement of the inner sleeve 52. Cylinder 3 is fixedly installed inside the outer sleeve 51. The piston rod of cylinder 3 extends axially along the outer sleeve 51, and its output end is fixedly connected to the end of the inner sleeve 52, providing power for the sliding of the inner sleeve 52. The side welding torch 31 is fixedly installed at the end of the inner sleeve 52 away from the outer sleeve 51 by a clamp. When the piston rod of cylinder 3 extends or retracts, it drives the inner sleeve 52 to axially extend and retract relative to the outer sleeve 51, thereby driving the side welding torch 31 to reciprocate along the radial direction of the workpiece, realizing the adjustment of the radial position of the side welding torch 31, so that the welding head is accurately aligned with the welding gap at different radial positions.

[0045] likeFigures 3-7 As shown, the angle adjustment assembly drives the side welding torch 31 to rotate around the axis of the telescopic adjustment assembly, thereby adjusting the spot welding angle of the side welding torch 31 so that the welding head can accurately point to and match the welding gap in different directions. The angle adjustment assembly includes gear three 61, gear four 62, motor two 63, and mounting block 64. The mounting block 64 is a block-shaped connecting structure, one side of which is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of gear two 43 and moves synchronously with the rotation of gear two 43. The end of the outer sleeve 51 away from the inner sleeve 52 is rotatably engaged with the other side of the mounting block 64, so that the outer sleeve 51 can rotate relative to the mounting block 64 around its own axis. Motor two 63 is fixedly mounted on the mounting block 64, and the output end of motor two 63 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of gear three 61. Gear four 62 is coaxially fixedly sleeved on the outside of the outer sleeve 51, and gear three 61 and gear four 62 mesh and drive each other. Since the inner sleeve 52 and the outer sleeve 51 are in a sliding fit and do not rotate relative to each other, when the outer sleeve 51 rotates, it drives the inner sleeve 52 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the side welding torch 31 installed at the end of the inner sleeve 52 to rotate around the axis of the inner sleeve 52, thus achieving precise adjustment of the welding angle of the side welding torch 31. After the angle adjustment component drives the side welding torch 31 to complete the angle adjustment, the circumferential rotation component and the telescopic adjustment component can continue to drive the side welding torch 31 to perform circumferential and radial movements, realizing the three-dimensional composite movement of the side welding torch 31 in circumferential, radial, and angular directions, enabling the side welding torch 31 to complete precise spot welding along welding seams with any complex trajectory.

[0046] like Figures 1-5 As shown, two feeding channels 111 are provided on the base 11. The feeding channel 111 is a groove structure with its inner wall polished to reduce the friction between the workpiece and the inner wall of the channel. The outlet of one feeding channel 111 is directly facing the arc plate 221 when it is in the positioning position, and the outlet of the other feeding channel 111 is aligned with the pallet 222. Under the action of auxiliary thrust, the rotation shaft 73 and the abutment 74 can be automatically oriented and fed, reducing the positioning error of manual feeding and further improving the feeding efficiency.

[0047] Based on the above-described device, the working process and working principle of the present invention are as follows: S1. Workpiece Loading: The rotating shaft 73 and the abutment plate 74 are placed into the corresponding loading channel 111. The rotating shaft 73 moves along the loading channel 111 to the arc plate 221 at the positioning station, where the arc plate 221 supports and positions the rotating shaft 73. The abutment plate 74 moves along the loading channel 111 to the support plate 222 and abuts against the side of the positioning plate 21 for positioning. Then, the hoof plate 71 is manually placed in the positioning groove 211 of the positioning plate 21 for axial positioning. At this time, both ends of the hoof plate 71 abut against the rotating shaft 73 and the abutment plate 74, achieving circumferential positioning of the hoof plate 71. Finally, the liner 72 is manually fitted onto the outer periphery of the hoof plate 71. The inner periphery of the liner 72 fits against the outer periphery of the hoof plate 71, and both ends of the liner 72 fit against the outer sides of the arc plate 221 and the abutment plate 74, achieving circumferential positioning of the liner 72.

[0048] S2. Clamping and Positioning: Activate cylinder 233. Cylinder 233 drives clamping plate 232 to move closer to fixed plate 231. The clamping surface of clamping plate 232 contacts the axial end faces of liner 72, rotating shaft 73, and abutment 74, applying uniform axial pressure until the other end face of the workpiece is in contact with fixed plate 231. At this point, all components complete integrated abutment positioning, and the weld gaps between components are precisely aligned, completing the positioning.

[0049] S3. Spot Welding: First, start the two sets of side welding torches 31, and simultaneously start the circumferential rotation component and the telescopic adjustment component. Motor 1 44 drives gear 2 43 to rotate, causing the side welding torches 31 to move circumferentially. Cylinder 3 drives the inner sleeve 52 to extend and retract, causing the side welding torches 31 to move radially. The two work together to make the welding head of the side welding torches 31 move along the arc-shaped welding gap between the shoe 71 and the liner 72, and simultaneously spot weld the lateral welds between the shoe 71 and the rotating shaft 73, and between the shoe 71 and the abutment 74. When the side welding torches 31 move to the position of the rotating shaft 73, start the angle adjustment component. Motor 2 63 drives the outer sleeve 51 and the inner sleeve 52 to rotate, adjusting the welding angle of the side welding torches 31 so that the welding head is precisely pointed at the welding gap between the shoe 71 and the rotating shaft 73, achieving precise spot welding after angle adaptation. After the side welding torch 31 completes the spot welding of the side weld seam, the cylinder 223 drives the arc plate 221 to move from the positioning station to the avoidance station, exposing the weld seam between the lining 72 and the rotating shaft 73. Then, the top welding torch 32 is started. The top welding torch 32 performs continuous spot welding on the outer peripheral weld seam of the contact area between the lining 72 and the shoe 71, the weld seam between the lining 72 and the rotating shaft 73, and the outer peripheral weld seam between the lining 72 and the abutment 74, completing the spot welding process of all weld seams.

[0050] S4. Unloading and Resetting: After welding is completed, all welding guns 3 are turned off, and cylinder 233 drives clamping plate 232 to move away from fixed plate 231 to release the axial clamping of the workpiece; then the welded brake shoe is manually removed from the positioning mechanism to complete unloading; then cylinder 223 drives arc plate 221 to move from the avoidance station back to the positioning station to prepare for the processing of the next set of workpieces.

[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent spot welding processing equipment for the production of drum brakes, comprising a frame (1) and a base (11), characterized in that, It also includes a positioning mechanism and a welding actuator mounted on the base (11); The positioning mechanism includes a positioning plate (21), a support member (22), and a clamping member (23). The positioning plate (21) is provided with an arc-shaped positioning groove (211) adapted to the shape of the hoof piece (71) for axial positioning of the hoof piece (71). The support member (22) is located at both ends of the positioning groove (211) for supporting the rotating shaft (73) and the abutment (74), and for the rotating shaft (73) and the abutment (74) to cooperate with the positioning plate (21) as limiting members to circumferentially position the hoof piece (71) and the liner (72). The clamping member (23) is used to axially clamp the liner (72), the rotating shaft (73), and the abutment (74), thereby realizing the integrated abutment positioning of the workpiece to be processed. The welding actuator includes a welding torch (3), a circumferential rotation assembly, a telescopic adjustment assembly, and an angle adjustment assembly. The circumferential rotation assembly is used to drive the welding torch (3) to rotate circumferentially around the axis of the positioning groove (211), so that the welding torch (3) performs spot welding along the circumferential trajectory of the workpiece. The telescopic adjustment assembly is installed on the circumferential rotation assembly and is used to drive the welding torch (3) to move radially along the positioning groove (211), so that the welding torch (3) approaches the welding gap located at different radial positions. The angle adjustment assembly is installed on the telescopic adjustment assembly and is used to drive the welding torch (3) to rotate around the axis of the telescopic adjustment assembly, so as to adjust the welding torch (3) to point and match the welding gap in different directions.

2. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding gun (3) includes two sets of side welding guns (31) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning plate (21), and a set of top welding guns (32) arranged directly above the positioning plate (21). The side welding guns (31) are used to weld the lateral welding gaps of the workpiece, and the top welding guns (32) are used to weld the outer circumferential welding gaps of the workpiece, so as to realize continuous spot welding of the multi-face contact positions between the shoe (71), the liner (72), the rotating shaft (73) and the abutment (74).

3. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support member (22) includes an arc plate (221) and a support plate (222) respectively disposed at both ends of the positioning groove (211). The shape of the arc plate (221) is adapted to the rotating shaft (73) and is used to support and position the rotating shaft (73). The surface of the support plate (222) is inclined to adapt to the placement angle of the abutment (74). When the abutment (74) is placed on the support plate (222), one side of the abutment (74) can abut against the side of the positioning plate (21) to achieve positioning.

4. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 3, characterized in that, A cylinder (223) is installed on the base (11). The output end of the cylinder (223) is connected to the arc plate (221) and is used to drive the arc plate (221) to move back and forth between the positioning station and the avoidance station. When the arc plate (221) is in the positioning station, it can support and position the rotating shaft (73). When the arc plate (221) is in the avoidance station, it can avoid the movement trajectory of the top welding gun (32) so as to expose the welding gap between the liner (72) and the rotating shaft (73).

5. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping component (23) includes a fixed plate (231), a clamping plate (232), and a second cylinder (233). The fixed plate (231) is fixedly installed on the base (11) and located on one side of the axial direction of the positioning groove (211). The second cylinder (233) is installed on the base (11) and its output end is connected to the clamping plate (232) to drive the clamping plate (232) to move closer to or away from the fixed plate (231). When the clamping plate (232) moves closer to the fixed plate (231), it can simultaneously apply axial pressure to the end faces of the liner (72), the rotating shaft (73), and the abutment (74) and cooperate with the fixed plate (231) to achieve axial positioning of the workpiece.

6. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circumferential rotating assembly includes a fixed shaft (41), a first gear (42), a second gear (43), and a first motor (44). The fixed shaft (41) is fixedly mounted on the base (11), and the axis of the fixed shaft (41) is collinear with the axis of the positioning groove (211). The second gear (43) is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft (41). The telescopic adjustment assembly is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the second gear (43). The first motor (44) is mounted on the base (11), and its output end is connected to the first gear (42). The first gear (42) meshes with the second gear (43) for transmission. Through the rotation of the second gear (43), the telescopic adjustment assembly and the side welding torch (31) can be driven to move synchronously along the circumferential welding trajectory of the workpiece.

7. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 6, characterized in that, The telescopic adjustment assembly includes an outer sleeve (51), an inner sleeve (52), and a cylinder three. The outer sleeve (51) is located on the outer periphery of the gear two (43) and extends radially along the fixed shaft (41). The inner sleeve (52) is coaxially slidably fitted with the outer sleeve (51). The cylinder three is fixedly installed inside the outer sleeve (51) and its output end is connected to the inner sleeve (52). The side welding torch (31) is installed at the end of the inner sleeve (52) away from the outer sleeve (51). The cylinder three drives the inner sleeve (52) to telescopically extend relative to the outer sleeve (51), which can drive the side welding torch (31) to move radially along the workpiece.

8. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 7, characterized in that, The angle adjustment assembly includes gear three (61), gear four (62) and motor two (63). A mounting block (64) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of gear two (43). The end of the outer sleeve (51) away from the inner sleeve (52) is rotatably engaged with the mounting block (64). Gear four (62) is fixedly installed on the outer sleeve (51). Motor two (63) is installed on the mounting block (64) and its output end is connected to gear three (61). Gear three (61) and gear four (62) mesh and drive each other. Through the rotation of gear four (62), the outer sleeve (51) and the inner sleeve (52) that rotate synchronously with it can be driven to rotate around the axis of the inner sleeve (52), thereby changing the welding angle of the side welding torch (31) relative to the workpiece.

9. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 3, characterized in that, Two feeding channels (111) are provided on the base (11). The output end of one feeding channel (111) points to the arc plate (221) when it is in the positioning position, and is used to guide the rotating shaft (73) to the arc plate (221). The output end of the other feeding channel (111) points to the tray (222), and is used to guide the abutment (74) to the tray (222).

10. The intelligent spot welding processing equipment for drum brake production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning plate (21) includes two symmetrically arranged lateral limiting plates (212) and an inner circle positioning block (213) disposed between the two lateral limiting plates (212). The outer edge of the inner circle positioning block (213) and the inner edge of the lateral limiting plate (212) together form a positioning groove (211). By replacing the inner circle positioning block (213) with different thicknesses or diameters, it can be adapted to hoof plates (71) of different specifications.

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