Multifunctional layered structure display screen glass and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of display screen glass, in particular to multifunctional layered structure display screen glass and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out cleaning and surface activation treatment on the glass matrix layer; s2, performing ion exchange strengthening treatment on the glass matrix layer to form a strengthened glass matrix; s3, forming an anti-dazzle microstructure interface on the outer side surface of the tempered glass substrate; s4, constructing a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure on the anti-dazzle microstructure interface to obtain a composite anti-reflection anti-dazzle layer; s5, forming a wear-resistant transparent hardened layer on the composite anti-reflection anti-dazzle layer; s6, forming a renewable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer; and S7, forming a transparent thermal management layer on the inner side surface of the tempered glass substrate to obtain the multifunctional layered structure display screen glass. According to the invention, high-performance integration of the multifunctional layered structure display screen glass is realized through accurate and collaborative construction of each functional layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display glass technology, and in particular to a multifunctional layered display glass and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In outdoor display terminals (such as outdoor advertising machines, charging pile screens, public information screens, and vehicle-mounted exposed display modules), existing solutions typically use a glass substrate as the carrier, with a low surface energy anti-fouling (anti-fingerprint) coating, a roughened anti-glare (AG) layer, and a hardened wear-resistant layer applied sequentially to its surface. Some products also incorporate hydrophilic or oleophobic anti-fog treatments to improve visibility in rainy or foggy environments. These displays provide images through backlights or self-emissive modules and are widely used in scenarios requiring long-term outdoor operation and demanding both visibility and durability.

[0003] However, existing technologies still have several key drawbacks. First, commonly used anti-fouling coatings rely on low surface energy materials, and long-term use and frequent wiping lead to rapid performance degradation. Once they fail, functionality can often only be restored by replacing the entire display module or returning it to the factory for refurbishment. Second, traditional anti-glare treatments mainly use rough surfaces or single anti-reflective films, which still produce significant reflected glare under strong light. The roughening used to reduce glare often comes with high haze values, leading to decreased image contrast. Third, high-power or outdoor displays are prone to forming localized hotspots under environmental heat loads or uneven internal heating. Concentrated thermal stress can cause material cracking or the Mura effect, thus affecting display uniformity and structural integrity. Finally, in pursuit of thinner designs, existing display glass struggles to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and abrasion resistance during the thinning process, making it susceptible to damage in harsh environments such as sandstorms, accidental scratches, or impacts, limiting long-term durability. These issues restrict further improvements in strong light readability, maintenance costs, and reliability of existing display terminals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a multifunctional layered display glass and its preparation method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a multifunctional layered display screen glass, comprising a glass substrate layer and a multifunctional layered structure disposed on at least one side of the glass substrate layer, wherein the multifunctional layered structure comprises, from the outside to the inside:

[0006] A renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer, wherein the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is a low surface energy functional layer configured to be selectively removed and reconstructed on the surface of the display glass when performance degrades;

[0007] A wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is disposed between the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer and the following composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer to provide resistance to wind and sand abrasion and wiping durability;

[0008] A composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, comprising an anti-glare microstructure interface formed on the surface of the glass substrate layer and a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure covering the anti-glare microstructure interface, wherein the gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure comprises at least a low refractive index porous layer, a refractive index transition layer and a sealing and dense layer, so as to reduce reflected glare and maintain transmittance clarity of the display glass in a strong light environment.

[0009] The glass substrate layer is an ion-exchange strengthened glass substrate with a surface compressive stress layer.

[0010] The display glass also includes a transparent thermal management layer disposed on the other side of the glass substrate layer opposite to the multifunctional layered structure. The transparent thermal management layer is configured to reduce the temperature difference of hot spots formed on the display glass under sunlight or high brightness working conditions, so as to alleviate thermal stress concentration.

[0011] Through the above technical solutions, significant technical effects are achieved by integrating optical, mechanical protection, and thermal management functions. The gradient refractive index design of the composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer effectively reduces surface reflectivity and improves the contrast of the display screen under strong light. The combination of a wear-resistant transparent hardened layer and a regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer solves the wear and contamination problems faced by outdoor displays during long-term operation. In particular, the regenerable design of the top layer 23 greatly extends the product's service life and reduces maintenance costs and the frequency of complete component replacement. In addition, the transparent thermal management layer effectively mitigates the risk of microcracks or bursts caused by thermal stress concentration under sunlight or high-brightness operating conditions by reducing the temperature difference of hot spots, thus enhancing the structural safety and reliability of the product.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a multifunctional layered display screen glass, the method comprising:

[0013] S1. Clean and surface-activate the glass substrate layer;

[0014] S2. Perform ion exchange strengthening treatment on the glass substrate layer to form a strengthened glass substrate with a surface compressive stress layer;

[0015] S3. An anti-glare microstructure interface is formed on the outer surface of the reinforced glass substrate;

[0016] S4. Construct a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure on the anti-glare microstructure interface. The gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure includes at least a low refractive index porous layer, a refractive index transition layer, and a pore-sealing dense layer to obtain a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer.

[0017] S5. A wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is formed on the composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer;

[0018] S6. A regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is formed on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer. The regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is a low surface energy functional layer and is configured to be selectively removed and reconstructed when performance degrades.

[0019] S7. A transparent thermal management layer is formed on the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate to reduce the temperature difference of hot spots formed on the display glass under sunlight or high brightness working conditions and to alleviate thermal stress concentration, thereby obtaining a multifunctional layered structure display glass including the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer, the wear-resistant transparent hardening layer, the composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, the reinforced glass substrate, and the transparent thermal management layer.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, and by precisely and collaboratively constructing each functional layer, high-performance integration of multifunctional layered display glass is achieved. The strengthening treatment in step S2 significantly improves the impact resistance of the glass substrate layer. Steps S3 and S4 combine anti-glare and anti-reflection functions, greatly reducing ambient light reflectivity without sacrificing transmittance. The combination of steps S5 and S6 gives the surface layer high hardness while also providing renewable hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, greatly enhancing the product's long-term durability and outdoor applicability. The newly added transparent thermal management layer in step S7 effectively solves the problem of localized overheating caused by outdoor environments or high-brightness displays, thereby improving overall reliability.

[0021] Optionally, the ion exchange strengthening treatment in S2 involves ion exchange of the glass matrix using a molten salt bath containing potassium salt.

[0022] The ion exchange enhancement treatment is a two-stage process: the first stage has an ion exchange temperature of 380–480℃ and a time of 0.5–8h; the second stage has an ion exchange temperature of 350–450℃ and a time of 2–24h.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, the two-stage ion exchange strengthening treatment significantly improves the flexural strength and impact resistance of the glass substrate layer. Compared with single-stage strengthening, this method increases the stress layer depth without sacrificing surface hardness, effectively suppressing the propagation of surface microcracks, thereby greatly reducing the risk of display glass cracking under external impact or thermal stress. This optimized strengthening process provides a solid structural foundation for the stable adhesion of subsequent multifunctional layered structures.

[0024] Optionally, the process of forming the anti-glare microstructure interface in S3 employs nanoimprinting to form a regular microstructure, wherein the nanoimprinting includes:

[0025] A curable embossing medium layer is formed on the outer surface of the reinforced glass substrate. The layer is then embossed and cured using a mold with microstructures under a pressure of 0.1–5 MPa. Subsequently, the mold is removed to obtain an anti-glare microstructure interface.

[0026] The above-described technical solution, employing nanoimprint technology to form regular microstructures, offers the following advantages: First, the morphology and periodicity of the microstructures are highly controllable, ensuring excellent anti-glare performance and clarity. Second, this process is characterized by high efficiency and low cost, making it suitable for mass production. By precisely controlling the imprinting pressure and curing conditions, the integrity and uniformity of the anti-glare microstructure interface can be ensured, providing a high-quality base surface for the subsequent construction of gradient refractive index antireflective structures.

[0027] Optionally, in step S4, the low-refractive-index porous layer is constructed using a sol-gel coating process. The thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer is 50–300 nm, and the sol-gel system contains a silicon source and a pore structure regulating component. The pore structure regulating component is at least one of a template agent or a phase separation regulating agent.

[0028] The above-described technical solution utilizes a sol-gel process to construct porous layers, offering advantages such as simple processing, low cost, and ease of achieving large-area uniform coating. By adjusting the pore structure and controlling the type and amount of components, the porosity of the film can be precisely controlled, thereby reducing the effective refractive index of the film to below 1.25 and significantly enhancing the anti-reflection effect. Furthermore, the thickness of the porous layer is controlled at the nanometer level, ensuring anti-reflection performance while maximizing the transmittance of the display glass.

[0029] Optionally, constructing the refractive index transition layer in S4 includes performing at least two formulation-varying coatings or depositions on the low-refractive-index porous layer, such that the thickness of the refractive index transition layer is 20–200 nm, and the refractive index of the refractive index transition layer gradually increases along the thickness direction from the side closer to the low-refractive-index porous layer to the side closer to the pore-sealing dense layer.

[0030] Through the above technical solution, the construction of the refractive index transition layer effectively achieves continuous matching of optical impedance, greatly improving the overall performance of the gradient refractive index antireflective structure. By applying at least two progressive coatings, the interfacial stress accumulation and manufacturing complexity caused by excessive layers in traditional multilayer films are avoided, while maintaining excellent antireflective performance. This gradient structure allows the display glass to maintain low reflectivity over a wide range of incident angles.

[0031] Optionally, forming the sealing dense layer in S4 includes forming a dense inorganic thin layer by atomic layer deposition or sputtering deposition, wherein the thickness of the sealing dense layer is 5-50 nm, and the dense inorganic thin layer is a metal oxide thin layer.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, the introduction of a dense, sealed layer significantly improves the weather resistance and mechanical stability of the composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer. Efficient sealing not only prevents refractive index drift and reduced anti-reflective performance caused by moisture absorption from the porous structure, but also enhances the chemical stability and environmental corrosion resistance of the entire composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer. Furthermore, this dense layer also serves as an inorganic transition layer to the subsequent organic hardening layer S5, strengthening the interlayer bonding.

[0033] Optionally, forming the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer in S5 includes coating an organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating and performing a curing process;

[0034] The organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating comprises silane crosslinking components and silica nanoparticles, the thickness of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is 1-10 μm, and the curing treatment is at least one of ultraviolet curing and thermal curing.

[0035] The curing process employs a segmented curing curve, including pre-curing with ultraviolet irradiation followed by post-curing at 60–150°C, in order to reduce the curing shrinkage stress of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer.

[0036] The advantages of using segmented curing curves through the above technical solution are that the pre-curing stage uses UV to quickly lock the coating structure and avoid sagging; the post-curing stage slowly completes volume shrinkage and stress release at a lower temperature, effectively reducing the curing shrinkage stress inside the coating, thereby avoiding the problems of warping, cracking or peeling from the underlying composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer that may occur when the hardened layer is thick, and ensuring the long-term stability and optical transparency of the hardened layer.

[0037] Optionally, forming the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer in step S6 includes:

[0038] After plasma activation treatment or chemical coupling treatment is performed on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer, a low surface energy molecular layer or an ultra-thin coating is formed, and the thickness of the regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is 5-200 nm.

[0039] The regeneration of the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer includes:

[0040] The regenerable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer is removed by solvent wiping or chemical removal to expose the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer. The exposed surface is then subjected to plasma activation treatment, and the formation steps of the regenerable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer are repeated.

[0041] Through the above technical solution, this regeneration mechanism greatly enhances the long-term usability and maintenance convenience of the display glass. By designing a layered protective structure, the sacrificial low surface energy layer can be replaced independently of the core optics and hardening layer, effectively avoiding the need for complete component replacement due to surface contamination or wear, and reducing the total life cycle cost.

[0042] Optionally, forming the transparent thermal management layer in S7 includes depositing a transparent thermally conductive thin layer on the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate. The transparent thermally conductive thin layer is a transparent conductive oxide thin layer or a transparent metal oxide thin layer, and the thickness of the transparent thermal management layer is 30-300 nm.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, the introduction of transparent thermal management effectively reduces the temperature gradient on the surface of the display glass, thereby significantly alleviating thermal stress concentration and improving the structural reliability of the display glass under extreme temperature changes. Furthermore, if this layer is connected to a power source, it can also function as a heating element, actively heating the glass surface in low-temperature or high-humidity environments to achieve rapid defogging and defrosting. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a multifunctional layered display screen glass according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0048] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In some embodiments, a multifunctional layered display screen glass is provided. The display screen glass includes an ion-exchange strengthened glass substrate layer, with functional layers disposed on both sides. Specifically, a multifunctional layered structure is disposed on one side of the glass substrate layer, and a transparent thermal management layer is disposed on the other side. The multifunctional layered structure, from the outside in, includes a regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer, a wear-resistant transparent hardened layer, and a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer.

[0050] The main problems currently faced by outdoor high-brightness display terminals are reflected glare under strong light, surface wear during long-term use, difficulty in cleaning after contamination, and structural safety hazards caused by hot spots formed under sunlight or high-brightness operation. This implementation aims to solve the above-mentioned complex problems by structurally integrating optical, protective, and thermal management functional layers. The overall working principle is as follows: First, ion exchange strengthening treatment gives the glass substrate layer high mechanical strength and impact resistance, forming a safe foundation; second, the outer multifunctional layered structure achieves high visibility under strong light through a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer 22 provides mechanical protection, and the regenerable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer provides low surface energy characteristics to prevent contaminant adhesion and allows for easy maintenance when performance degrades; at the same time, the inner transparent thermal management layer disperses local heat through efficient heat conduction and dissipation capabilities, thereby reducing thermal stress concentration and ensuring the reliability and long-term durability of the display glass in harsh outdoor environments.

[0051] The core components of this multifunctional layered display screen glass include: a glass substrate layer, preferably high-aluminosilicate glass, which is ion-exchange strengthened to form a reinforced glass substrate with deep stress distribution, providing basic impact and bending resistance. A multifunctional layered structure is disposed outside the glass substrate layer, wherein a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer is closely attached to the glass substrate layer, consisting of an anti-glare microstructure interface formed on the substrate surface and a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure covering it. The gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure includes a low-refractive-index porous layer, a refractive index transition layer, and an uppermost sealed dense layer. This structure significantly reduces ambient light reflection through the combined effects of microstructure scattering (anti-glare) and gradient refractive index matching (anti-reflection). A wear-resistant transparent hardened layer 22 is located above the composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, using a high-hardness organic-inorganic hybrid material to resist mechanical wear from wind, sand, and daily wiping. The regenerable, self-cleaning, and anti-fouling top layer is the outermost low surface energy functional layer, formed, for example, using fluorinated alkylsilane (FAS) molecules. The key is that this layer is designed to be selectively removed by solvent wiping or chemical removal when performance degrades, and then rebuilt on the exposed, wear-resistant, transparent, hardened surface, thus regenerating the top layer's function. The transparent thermal management layer, located inside the glass substrate layer (on the opposite side of the multifunctional layered structure), uses a thin layer of transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide, ITO). It is configured to homogenize the temperature distribution on the glass surface and reduce hot spot temperature differences during display operation through heat conduction or active heating / dissipation mechanisms.

[0052] In other alternative embodiments, the glass substrate layer can be made of alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass or borosilicate glass, as long as it has undergone ion exchange strengthening treatment and possesses sufficient surface compressive stress. The material of the transparent thermal management layer can be replaced with a transparent conductive thin layer such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). In the multifunctional layered structure, the connection between each functional layer can be achieved using a coupling agent or primer with excellent adhesion properties to ensure interlayer compatibility and long-term structural stability. The low surface energy molecules of the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer can also be selected from perfluoropolyether (PFPE) functionalized alkanes or fluoropolymer ultrathin coatings.

[0053] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a multifunctional layered display screen glass according to an embodiment of this application is provided, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method includes cleaning and surface activation treatment of the glass substrate layer S1; performing ion exchange strengthening treatment S2 to form a strengthened glass substrate; forming an anti-glare microstructure interface on the outer surface S3; constructing a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure on the microstructure interface S4 to obtain a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer; forming a wear-resistant transparent hardening layer S5 on the composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer; forming a regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer S6 on the surface of the hardening layer; and forming a transparent thermal management layer S7 on the inner surface.

[0054] This fabrication method aims to address the problems of low functional layer integration, poor interlayer compatibility, and insufficient weather resistance in traditional outdoor displays. By optimizing the fabrication process of each functional layer, it ensures synergistic effects in optical performance, mechanical durability, and thermal stability of the final product. The logical chain of the fabrication process follows the sequence from substrate strengthening to optical function construction, and then to the superposition of protective and thermal management functional layers, ensuring that each step does not damage the previously formed functional layers. For example, the substrate strength is first improved through ion strengthening S2, followed by the fine optical structure construction S3 and S4, and finally the maintainable surface layer S6 and the inner thermal management layer S7 are formed, achieving maximum functional integration.

[0055] In step S1, the glass substrate layer (such as high-aluminosilicate glass) undergoes rigorous cleaning to remove surface contaminants, followed by surface activation treatment, such as plasma or chemical activation, to enhance the adhesion between the subsequent functional layers and the glass substrate layer. In S2, ion exchange strengthening treatment is used to form a strengthened glass substrate with a surface compressive stress layer to improve mechanical strength. Step S3 forms an anti-glare microstructure interface on the outer surface, and step S4 constructs a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure on it. Together, they form a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer to solve the problem of reflected glare under strong light. S5 forms a wear-resistant transparent hardened layer, providing basic mechanical protection. S6 forms a regenerable, self-cleaning, and anti-fouling top layer to ensure the low surface energy characteristics and maintainability of the surface. Finally, S7 forms a transparent thermal management layer on the inner side to address thermal stress issues.

[0056] In other embodiments, the surface activation treatment in S1 can be performed using UV ozone treatment or wet chemical treatment. The formation of the anti-glare microstructure interface in S3 can also be achieved using a chemical etching method. The curing method of the wear-resistant transparent hardening layer in S5 can be adjusted according to the material properties, for example, using only UV curing or only thermal curing. The formation process of the transparent thermal management layer in S7 can be performed using vacuum evaporation or pulsed laser deposition.

[0057] In some embodiments, the ion exchange strengthening treatment in S2 uses a potassium-containing molten salt bath to perform ion exchange on the glass matrix, and the strengthening treatment is two-stage. Specifically, the first stage of ion exchange is carried out in the temperature range of 380 to 480°C for a duration of 0.5 to 8 hours; followed by the second stage of ion exchange at a temperature of 350 to 450°C for a duration of 2 to 24 hours.

[0058] This embodiment focuses on strengthening the glass substrate layer, aiming to optimize the surface compressive stress distribution and stress layer depth by precisely controlling the temperature and time of the ion exchange process. Traditional single-stage ion exchange struggles to simultaneously achieve high surface compressive stress (scratch resistance) and sufficient stress layer depth (impact resistance). A two-stage ion exchange strengthening process is employed. The first stage involves a short treatment at a relatively high temperature, primarily aimed at achieving a large exchange rate of potassium and sodium ions, resulting in high surface compressive stress. The second stage involves a long treatment at a relatively low temperature, primarily aimed at allowing ions to diffuse further into the glass, increasing the stress layer depth and effectively improving the overall mechanical properties of the glass substrate layer.

[0059] In step S2, the cleaned and activated glass substrate layer is first immersed in a molten salt bath containing potassium salt (e.g., potassium nitrate, KNO3). The first stage treatment temperature is preferably controlled at 400°C for 4 hours to rapidly form a high-pressure stress layer on the glass surface. Subsequently, the glass is transferred to a second molten salt bath, the temperature of which is preferably controlled at 380°C for 12 hours. The slightly lower temperature in the second stage helps maintain the high surface compressive stress formed in the first stage, while the longer treatment time promotes further diffusion of ions into deeper layers, resulting in a strengthened glass substrate with high surface stress and a deep stress layer.

[0060] In other alternative embodiments, the molten salt bath can be a mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) to adjust the ion exchange rate and stress distribution. The first stage ion exchange temperature is preferably 450°C for 2 hours to maximize efficiency; the second stage ion exchange temperature is preferably 350°C for 20 hours to achieve a deeper stress layer. The potassium-containing salt can also be replaced with potassium chloride (KCl) or other mixed potassium-containing salts, as long as effective large-scale ion exchange can be achieved.

[0061] In some embodiments, the process of forming the anti-glare microstructure interface in S3 employs nanoimprinting technology to form a regular microstructure. The nanoimprinting process includes: forming a curable imprinting medium layer on the outer surface of a reinforced glass substrate, imprinting and curing the microstructure using a mold with microstructures under a pressure of 0.1 to 5 MPa, and then removing the mold to obtain the anti-glare microstructure interface.

[0062] This embodiment aims to precisely and efficiently construct a regular anti-glare microstructure interface on the outer surface of the reinforced glass substrate layer 1 using nanoimprint lithography. Traditional chemical etching methods struggle to precisely control the morphology and uniformity of the microstructure, while nanoimprint lithography can achieve high-resolution, highly uniform microstructure replication. The design of the regular microstructure effectively scatters reflected light in all directions, thereby significantly reducing specular glare and improving the contrast of the display screen in strong light environments.

[0063] In step S3, a curable imprinting medium layer, such as a UV-curable resin, is first coated onto the surface of the glass substrate layer strengthened in step S2. Then, a nanomold with the desired microstructure morphology (e.g., a cone array or pyramid array) is applied onto the medium layer. Pressure is applied within the range of 0.1–5 MPa (preferably 1 MPa) to ensure the medium layer fully fills the microstructure of the mold. The imprinting medium layer is then cured by UV irradiation or heating. After curing, the mold is removed, leaving an anti-glare microstructure interface on the glass surface that complements the mold structure.

[0064] In other alternative embodiments, the imprinting medium layer can be a thermoplastic polymer, and the corresponding curing method can be changed to hot imprinting. The pressure range and time of nanoimprinting can be adjusted according to the viscosity and curing characteristics of the selected medium layer, for example, using a lower pressure of 0.5 MPa and a longer curing time to reduce the stress impact on the reinforced glass substrate layer. The morphology of the regular microstructure can be adjusted to microlens arrays or moth-eye structures with different periods and depths according to the optical requirements of the final product.

[0065] In some embodiments, the low-refractive-index porous layer in S4 is constructed using a sol-gel coating process, and the thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer is controlled between 50 and 300 nm. This sol-gel system comprises a silicon source and a pore structure regulating component, wherein the pore structure regulating component is at least one of a template agent or a phase separation regulating agent.

[0066] This embodiment aims to precisely control the porosity and film thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer using sol-gel technology, thereby achieving the desired low refractive index to match the refractive index gradient between the air and glass substrate layers and enhance the anti-reflection effect. As the outermost layer of the gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure, the low-refractive-index porous layer's low refractive index characteristics are crucial for reducing the reflection of incident light at the interfaces between layers.

[0067] In step S4, the preparation of the sol-gel system is crucial. The silicon source can be tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), which forms a sol through hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Pore structure regulating components (e.g., surfactants as templates or polymers as phase separation regulators) are added to the sol to form uniformly distributed nanopores during subsequent drying and heat treatment. The prepared sol is then coated onto the anti-glare microstructure interface using processes such as spin coating, dip coating, or spray coating. By precisely controlling coating parameters (e.g., rotation speed, pull speed) and sol concentration, the thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer is controlled within the range of 50 nm to 300 nm, preferably 200 nm, to meet the requirements of broadband anti-reflection.

[0068] In other alternative implementations, the silicon source can be methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) or silica sol. The pore structure control component can be a single type of template agent (such as block copolymers) or a phase separation control agent (such as polyethylene glycol). The thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer can be adjusted according to the specific application requirements for the antireflection wavelength range; for example, when high antireflection requirements are needed in a specific wavelength band, the thickness can be controlled at 100 nm.

[0069] In some embodiments, constructing the refractive index transition layer in S4 includes performing at least two formulation-variant coatings or depositions on the low-refractive-index porous layer, so that the thickness of the refractive index transition layer is controlled between 20 and 200 nm, and the refractive index of the refractive index transition layer gradually increases along the thickness direction from the side closer to the low-refractive-index porous layer to the side closer to the sealing dense layer.

[0070] This embodiment aims to construct a transition layer with a gradually changing refractive index between a low-refractive-index porous layer and a dense sealing layer through multilayer gradient coating. Traditional single-layer or double-layer antireflective films are prone to reflection at interfaces with large refractive index differences, while the refractive index transition layer can provide a smooth refractive index change, further reducing interface reflection and achieving a wider wavelength and lower reflectivity antireflective effect.

[0071] In step S4, the refractive index transition layer is constructed through at least two, preferably three or four, coatings. The composition of the sol formulation or deposited material used in each coating is progressively varied, thus achieving a gradual change in refractive index. For example, the sol formulation of the first coating is similar to that of a low-refractive-index porous layer, with a low refractive index; the second and subsequent coatings gradually increase the proportion of high-refractive-index components (such as TiO2 or ZrO2 precursors) or decrease the porosity, thereby increasing the refractive index layer by layer. By precisely controlling the thickness of each coating, the total thickness of the refractive index transition layer is ensured to be in the range of 20 nm to 200 nm, preferably 80 nm. The gradual increase in refractive index forms an effective "optical ladder," minimizing light reflection at the internal interfaces of the composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer.

[0072] In other alternative implementations, the refractive index transition layer can be constructed using co-deposition or reactive sputtering techniques. This allows for a continuous, gradual change in refractive index, rather than a stepwise gradient, by continuously altering the material composition or oxygen partial pressure during deposition. The thickness of the refractive index transition layer can be adjusted to 150 nm to optimize the antireflection effect on specific colors of light within the visible spectrum, depending on the required antireflection wavelength range.

[0073] In some embodiments, forming a dense sealing layer in S4 includes forming a dense inorganic thin layer by atomic layer deposition or sputtering deposition, wherein the thickness of the dense sealing layer is controlled to be 5-50 nm, and the dense inorganic thin layer is a metal oxide thin layer.

[0074] This embodiment aims to seal the outermost layer of a gradient refractive index antireflective structure with a high-density inorganic thin layer, forming a sealed dense layer. The porous structures in low-refractive-index porous layers and refractive index transition layers easily adsorb moisture or contaminants, leading to decreased optical performance and durability. The sealed dense layer effectively blocks the intrusion of moisture and chemicals from the external environment, while providing a robust and highly adhesive interface for the upper wear-resistant transparent hardening layer 22.

[0075] In the final stage of step S4, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) or sputtering deposition (such as magnetron sputtering) process is used to form a dense inorganic thin layer with a thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm (preferably 10 nm) on the refractive index transition layer. This dense inorganic thin layer is preferably a metal oxide thin layer, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) or aluminum oxide (Al2O3). ALD technology has excellent conformal properties and precise thickness control, enabling it to uniformly cover the surface of the refractive index transition layer and penetrate into micropores for effective sealing.

[0076] In other alternative implementations, the dense inorganic thin layer can be made of high-refractive-index, high-hardness metal oxides such as tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅) or zirconium oxide (ZrO₂). The thickness of the sealing dense layer can be adjusted to 30 nm depending on the material properties and the required degree of densification. If sputtering deposition is used, the density of the thin layer can be ensured by optimizing deposition parameters (such as working gas pressure and power).

[0077] In some embodiments, forming a wear-resistant transparent hardened layer in S5 includes coating an organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating and performing a curing process; the hard coating material includes a silane crosslinking component and silica nanoparticles; the thickness of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is controlled between 1 and 10 μm, and the curing process adopts a segmented curing curve, including pre-curing with ultraviolet irradiation and then post-curing with heat at 60 to 150°C, in order to reduce the curing shrinkage stress of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer.

[0078] This embodiment aims to form a high-hardness, high-toughness, wear-resistant, transparent hardened layer on top of a composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer using organic-inorganic hybrid materials and an optimized curing process. Outdoor environments, including wind, sand, and frequent wiping, cause severe wear to the surface coating; this hardened layer is crucial for providing long-term mechanical protection. The organic-inorganic hybrid material combines the high hardness of inorganic materials with the flexibility of organic materials, while the segmented curing curve solves the problem of shrinkage stress cracking that easily occurs during the curing process of high-hardness coatings.

[0079] In step S5, the organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating material is composed of a silane crosslinking component (providing toughness and adhesion) and silica nanoparticles (providing hardness and abrasion resistance). This material is coated onto the pore-sealing dense layer using a coating process (such as cast coating or roll coating) to form a wet film with a thickness of 1 μm to 10 μm (preferably 5 μm). Segmented curing is then performed: first, rapid pre-curing is carried out by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to form a preliminary crosslinking network and stabilize the coating morphology; then, post-curing is performed at a temperature range of 60°C to 150°C (preferably 120°C) to promote further condensation and crosslinking of the silane component, completing the formation of the inorganic network.

[0080] In other alternative embodiments, the organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating material can be an epoxy resin-silica nanoparticle hybrid system or a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-alumina nanoparticle composite material. The curing method can be adjusted according to the material system; for example, if a thermosetting system is used, the UV pre-curing step can be omitted, but the heating rate and holding time must be strictly controlled to reduce stress. The post-curing temperature range can be adjusted from 80°C to 130°C.

[0081] In some embodiments, forming a regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer in S6 includes: after performing plasma activation treatment or chemical coupling treatment on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer, forming a low surface energy molecular layer or an ultrathin coating, wherein the thickness of the regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is controlled between 5 and 200 nm. Furthermore, the method also includes a regeneration step for the regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer: removing the top layer with degraded performance by solvent wiping or chemical removal, subsequently performing plasma activation treatment on the exposed hardened layer surface, and repeating the formation step of the regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer.

[0082] This embodiment aims to provide a maintainable surface layer with excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, namely a regenerable, self-cleaning, and anti-fouling topcoat. Traditional oleophobic coatings have poor durability, requiring the replacement of the entire glass once they fail. This regenerable design allows users or maintenance personnel to restore the surface's self-cleaning function simply by removing and recoating the surface, provided the more protective, wear-resistant, transparent, hardened layer remains intact.

[0083] In step S6, the surface of the cured wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is first subjected to plasma activation treatment (such as oxygen plasma) to increase the number of surface hydroxyl groups and enhance chemical activity. Subsequently, a low surface energy molecular layer, such as fluorinated alkylsilane FAS molecules, is formed on the activated surface by dip coating or vacuum deposition, with a thickness controlled between 5 nm and 200 nm (preferably 15 nm). This molecular layer is firmly attached to the surface of the hardened layer through chemical bonding, giving it ultra-low surface energy. When the top layer performance degrades (P1), maintenance personnel can remove the failed layer by solvent wiping (P2) or a mild chemical reagent (P2), exposing the underlying wear-resistant transparent hardened layer (P3). Subsequently, the exposed hardened layer is subjected to plasma activation treatment (P4), and the initial coating formation step is repeated (P5) to achieve rapid and low-cost restoration of the top layer function.

[0084] In other alternative embodiments, the low surface energy molecular layer can be selected from perfluoropolyether (PFPE) functionalized alkanes or ultrathin coatings of fluoropolymers. Removal during the regeneration process can be achieved through selective dissolution using weakly alkaline solvents or specific chemical reagents. Plasma activation treatment can be replaced by UV ozone treatment or surface functionalization treatment using chemical coupling agents.

[0085] In some embodiments, forming a transparent thermal management layer in S7 includes depositing a transparent thermally conductive thin layer on the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate layer. The transparent thermally conductive thin layer is a transparent conductive oxide thin layer or a transparent metal oxide thin layer, and the thickness of the transparent thermal management layer is controlled to be between 30 and 300 nm.

[0086] This embodiment aims to solve the problem of localized hot spots that easily occur in outdoor display terminals under sunlight or high-brightness display conditions by setting a transparent thermal management layer on the inner side of the glass substrate layer 1 (i.e., the side that is attached to the display module). Differences in hot spots can lead to localized thermal stress concentration, increasing the risk of glass breakage. The transparent thermal management layer, through its electrical and thermal conductivity, can achieve rapid heat conduction and diffusion, homogenizing the temperature field. Furthermore, if used as an electrically heated thin layer, it can also be used for active anti-fogging and defrosting.

[0087] In step S7, the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate layer is first cleaned and pretreated. Then, a transparent thermally conductive thin layer with a thickness of 30 nm to 300 nm (preferably 150 nm) is deposited using methods such as sputtering deposition (e.g., magnetron sputtering) or pulsed laser deposition. This thin layer material is preferably a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). This transparent thermal management layer not only possesses excellent visible light transmittance but also high thermal and electrical conductivity. Positioned on the inner side, close to the heat source of the display screen, it can efficiently and rapidly conduct localized heat to the entire glass surface, dispersing thermal stress.

[0088] In other alternative implementations, the transparent thermally conductive layer can be a transparent metal oxide layer such as fluorinated tin oxide (FTO), nickel oxide (NiO), or titanium oxide (TiO2), as long as it provides sufficient thermal and electrical conductivity. The thickness of the transparent thermal management layer can be adjusted according to the required thermal conductivity and electric heating power requirements; for example, if primarily used for electric heating, the thickness can be increased to 250 nm to reduce sheet resistivity. The deposition process can be replaced with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or vacuum evaporation.

Claims

1. A multifunctional layered display screen glass, characterized in that, It includes a glass substrate layer and a multifunctional layered structure disposed on at least one side of the glass substrate layer, wherein the multifunctional layered structure comprises, from the outside to the inside: A renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer, wherein the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is a low surface energy functional layer configured to be selectively removed and reconstructed on the surface of the display glass when performance degrades; A wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is disposed between the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer and the following composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer to provide resistance to wind and sand abrasion and wiping durability; A composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, comprising an anti-glare microstructure interface formed on the surface of the glass substrate layer and a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure covering the anti-glare microstructure interface, wherein the gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure comprises at least a low refractive index porous layer, a refractive index transition layer and a sealing and dense layer, so as to reduce reflected glare and maintain transmittance clarity of the display glass in a strong light environment. The glass substrate layer is an ion-exchange strengthened glass substrate with a surface compressive stress layer. The display glass also includes a transparent thermal management layer disposed on the other side of the glass substrate layer opposite to the multifunctional layered structure. The transparent thermal management layer is configured to reduce the temperature difference of hot spots formed on the display glass under sunlight or high brightness working conditions, so as to alleviate thermal stress concentration.

2. A method for preparing a multifunctional layered display screen glass, characterized in that, For preparing the multifunctional layered structure display glass as described in claim 1, comprising: S1. Clean and surface-activate the glass substrate layer; S2. Perform ion exchange strengthening treatment on the glass substrate layer to form a strengthened glass substrate with a surface compressive stress layer; S3. An anti-glare microstructure interface is formed on the outer surface of the reinforced glass substrate; S4. Construct a gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure on the anti-glare microstructure interface. The gradient refractive index anti-reflection structure includes at least a low refractive index porous layer, a refractive index transition layer, and a pore-sealing dense layer to obtain a composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer. S5. A wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is formed on the composite anti-reflective and anti-glare layer; S6. A regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is formed on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer. The regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is a low surface energy functional layer and is configured to be selectively removed and reconstructed when performance degrades. S7. A transparent thermal management layer is formed on the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate to reduce the temperature difference of hot spots formed on the display glass under sunlight or high brightness working conditions and to alleviate thermal stress concentration, thereby obtaining a multifunctional layered structure display glass including the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer, the wear-resistant transparent hardening layer, the composite anti-reflection and anti-glare layer, the reinforced glass substrate, and the transparent thermal management layer.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion exchange strengthening treatment in S2 involves ion exchange of the glass matrix using a molten salt bath containing potassium salt. The ion exchange enhancement treatment is a two-stage process: the first stage has an ion exchange temperature of 380–480℃ and a time of 0.5–8h; the second stage has an ion exchange temperature of 350–450℃ and a time of 2–24h.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of forming the anti-glare microstructure interface in S3 employs nanoimprinting to form a regular microstructure, wherein the nanoimprinting includes: A curable embossing medium layer is formed on the outer surface of the reinforced glass substrate. The layer is then embossed and cured using a mold with microstructures under a pressure of 0.1–5 MPa. Subsequently, the mold is removed to obtain an anti-glare microstructure interface.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The low-refractive-index porous layer in step S4 is constructed using a sol-gel coating process. The thickness of the low-refractive-index porous layer is 50–300 nm, and the sol-gel system contains a silicon source and a pore structure regulating component. The pore structure regulating component is at least one of a template agent or a phase separation regulating agent.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The construction of the refractive index transition layer in S4 includes performing at least two formulation-variant coatings or depositions on the low-refractive-index porous layer, so that the thickness of the refractive index transition layer is 20-200 nm, and the refractive index of the refractive index transition layer gradually increases along the thickness direction from the side closer to the low-refractive-index porous layer to the side closer to the pore-sealing dense layer.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formation of the sealing dense layer in S4 includes forming a dense inorganic thin layer by atomic layer deposition or sputtering deposition. The thickness of the sealing dense layer is 5-50 nm, and the dense inorganic thin layer is a metal oxide thin layer.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formation of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer in S5 includes coating an organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating and performing a curing process. The organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating comprises a silane crosslinking component and silica nanoparticles, the thickness of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer is 1-10 μm, and the curing treatment is at least one of ultraviolet curing and thermal curing. The curing process employs a segmented curing curve, including pre-curing with ultraviolet irradiation followed by post-curing at 60–150°C, in order to reduce the curing shrinkage stress of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formation of the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer in step S6 includes: After plasma activation treatment or chemical coupling treatment is performed on the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer, a low surface energy molecular layer or an ultra-thin coating is formed, and the thickness of the regenerable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer is 5-200 nm. The regeneration of the renewable self-cleaning and anti-fouling top layer includes: The regenerable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer is removed by solvent wiping or chemical removal to expose the surface of the wear-resistant transparent hardened layer. The exposed surface is then subjected to plasma activation treatment, and the formation steps of the regenerable self-cleaning anti-fouling top layer are repeated.

10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formation of the transparent thermal management layer in S7 includes depositing a transparent thermally conductive thin layer on the inner surface of the reinforced glass substrate. The transparent thermally conductive thin layer is a transparent conductive oxide thin layer or a transparent metal oxide thin layer, and the thickness of the transparent thermal management layer is 30-300 nm.

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