Process and equipment for preparing biomass briquette from municipal solid waste

Abstract

The invention provides a process and equipment for preparing biomass briquette from municipal solid waste. The invention relates to a process for preparing biomass briquette coal from municipal solid waste. The process comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating waste impurities; s2, drying and modifying; s3, crushing and mixing; s4, molding and pressing; s5, curing and curing; and S6, finished product detection and packaging. According to the technology for preparing the biomass briquette from the municipal solid waste, non-combustible impurities in the waste are precisely removed through pretreatment, the bonding performance and combustion performance of materials are improved through modification treatment, the forming and curing technology is precisely regulated and controlled, and the biomass briquette is prepared. The prepared biomass briquette is high in strength, stable in calorific value, high in combustion efficiency and low in pollutant emission, biomass components in household garbage are converted into clean renewable energy sources, environmental pollution caused by garbage landfill and incineration is effectively reduced, the resource utilization rate of waste is increased, the pressure of fossil fuel shortage is relieved, and environmental protection is achieved. And the method has remarkable environmental benefits and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban solid waste treatment technology, and in particular to a process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from urban domestic waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of urban domestic waste generated has increased year by year. The mainstream disposal methods are landfill, incineration and composting. Landfill occupies a large amount of land resources and is prone to causing soil and groundwater pollution. Although incineration can reduce the volume, it produces pollutants such as dioxins and harmful gases, and the treatment cost is high. Composting is only applicable to biodegradable organic waste, with a limited scope of application, and has a long treatment cycle and low resource utilization rate.

[0003] The overuse of fossil fuels has led to energy shortages and environmental pollution. Biomass briquettes, as a clean and renewable energy source, are made from biomass waste and have advantages such as high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emissions, making them an ideal alternative to coal. Existing technologies have processes for preparing briquettes using single biomass raw materials such as straw and sawdust, but these have problems such as limited raw material sources, low briquette strength, unstable calorific value, and poor combustion performance.

[0004] Municipal solid waste contains a large amount of biomass components (such as kitchen waste, waste paper, wood chips, textiles, etc.), as well as impurities such as plastics, glass, and metals. If it can be effectively sorted and processed to extract the biomass components for the preparation of coal briquettes, it can not only solve the problem of municipal solid waste disposal, but also realize the resource utilization of waste and alleviate energy pressure. Existing technologies have shortcomings such as the difficulty of municipal solid waste disposal, low resource utilization rate, limited raw material sources for biomass briquettes, poor performance, and lack of supporting special equipment.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, which solves the problems of existing technologies such as the difficulty in disposing of municipal solid waste, low resource utilization rate, limited raw material sources for biomass briquettes, poor performance, and lack of supporting special equipment.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, comprising the following steps: S1: Pretreatment of waste impurities, municipal solid waste is sent into a pretreatment system and sorted, crushed, magnetically separated and air-separated in sequence to remove non-combustible impurities such as metal, glass, bricks, stones and large pieces of plastic, to obtain pretreated material mainly composed of biomass components.

[0008] S2: Drying modification. The pretreated material is fed into a drying modification device for high-temperature drying. At the same time, a modifier is added to the dried material and stirred evenly for modification treatment. The modification time is 20-40 minutes.

[0009] S3: Crushing and mixing: The modified material is fed into a crushing device and then into a mixing device. Binder and water are added and stirred until uniform to obtain a mixture.

[0010] S4: Molding and pressing, feeding the mixture into molding equipment and pressing it into columnar, block, and spherical coal briquettes;

[0011] S5: Solidification and curing, the coal briquette blank is sent into the solidification and curing device to obtain the finished biomass coal briquette;

[0012] S6: Finished product inspection and packaging. The finished biomass briquettes after solidification and curing are tested for indicators. Unqualified finished products are returned to the crushing and mixing step for reprocessing, while qualified finished products are packaged and stored.

[0013] Preferably, the modifier is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts industrial starch, 1-3 parts sodium hydroxide, 5-8 parts bentonite, and 2-4 parts combustion improver. The amount of modifier added is 3-8% of the mass of the pretreated material.

[0014] Preferably, the binder is a compound binder of humic acid and cement, with a mass ratio of humic acid to cement of 3:1, the amount of binder added is 5-10% of the mass of the crushed material, and the amount of water added is 15-25% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0015] Preferably, the testing items include compressive strength, calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter.

[0016] A device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, the device being used in the crushing process of step S1 in the process of preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, includes: a crushing box;

[0017] The two adjustment devices are respectively rotatably installed on both sides of the outer surface of the crushing box, and sliding holes are provided on both the front and rear sides of the left and right sides of the outer surface of the crushing box.

[0018] A moving device, wherein the moving device is threadedly engaged with one side of the outer surface of the adjusting device;

[0019] The crushing chamber is located inside the crushing box, and guide plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the inner wall of the crushing chamber.

[0020] The material feeding chute is located in the middle of the top of the crushing box, and a connecting chute is located in the middle of the bottom of the crushing box.

[0021] Preferably, the adjusting device includes a threaded rod and an adjusting block, the threaded rod being rotatably mounted in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the crushing box, and the adjusting block being fixedly mounted on one end of the threaded rod.

[0022] Preferably, the moving device includes a moving plate, a threaded hole, a connecting rod, a setting block, a mounting box, a driving component, and a crushing wheel. The moving plate is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the threaded rod. The threaded hole is located in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the moving plate. The two connecting rods are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the outer surface of the moving plate. The setting block is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod. The mounting box is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the setting block. The driving component is fixedly installed inside the mounting box. The crushing wheel is disposed between the two mounting boxes.

[0023] Preferably, a feeding box is fixedly installed on the top of the outer surface of the crushing box.

[0024] Preferably, a discharge box is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the outer surface of the crushing box.

[0025] Preferably, support blocks are fixedly installed around the bottom of the crushing box.

[0026] Compared with related technologies, the process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This invention provides a process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste. Through pretreatment to precisely remove non-combustible impurities from the waste, modification treatment to improve the material's binding and combustion properties, and precise control of the molding and curing processes, the prepared biomass briquettes exhibit high strength, stable calorific value, high combustion efficiency, and low pollutant emissions. The ash content, volatile matter, and other indicators meet the requirements for industrial and residential combustion. It can widely replace coal in industrial boilers, residential heating, and other applications, achieving resource-based, harmless, and reduced-volume disposal of municipal solid waste. It converts the biomass components in municipal solid waste into clean and renewable energy, effectively reducing environmental pollution from landfill and incineration, improving the resource utilization rate of waste, aligning with energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection policies, and alleviating the pressure of fossil fuel shortages. It has significant environmental and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic flow diagram of a process for preparing biomass briquettes using municipal solid waste, provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of part A shown below;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the mobile device.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the crushing chamber.

[0033] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Crushing box; 2. Adjusting device; 21. Threaded rod; 22. Adjusting block; 3. Moving device; 31. Moving plate; 32. Threaded hole; 33. Connecting rod; 34. Setting block; 35. Mounting box; 36. Driving component; 37. Crushing wheel; 4. Sliding hole; 5. Feed box; 6. Feed chute; 7. Crushing chamber; 8. Connecting chute; 9. Discharge box; 10. Support block; 11. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] First Embodiment

[0036] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic flowchart of a process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste.

[0037] A process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste includes the following steps: S1: Pretreatment of waste impurities, municipal solid waste is fed into a pretreatment system and sorted, crushed, magnetically separated, and air-separated in sequence to remove non-combustible impurities such as metals, glass, bricks, stones, and large pieces of plastic, to obtain pretreated material mainly composed of biomass components.

[0038] S2: Drying modification. The pretreated material is fed into a drying modification device for high-temperature drying. At the same time, a modifier is added to the dried material and stirred evenly for modification treatment. The modification time is 20-40 minutes.

[0039] S3: Crushing and mixing: The modified material is fed into a crushing device and then into a mixing device. Binder and water are added and stirred until uniform to obtain a mixture.

[0040] S4: Molding and pressing, feeding the mixture into molding equipment and pressing it into columnar, block, and spherical coal briquettes;

[0041] S5: Solidification and curing, the coal briquette blank is sent into the solidification and curing device to obtain the finished biomass coal briquette;

[0042] S6: Finished product inspection and packaging. The finished biomass briquettes after solidification and curing are tested for indicators. Unqualified finished products are returned to the crushing and mixing step for reprocessing, while qualified finished products are packaged and stored.

[0043] The modifier is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts industrial starch, 1-3 parts sodium hydroxide, 5-8 parts bentonite, and 2-4 parts combustion improver. The amount of modifier added is 3-8% of the mass of the pretreated material.

[0044] The binder is a compound binder of humic acid and cement, with a mass ratio of humic acid to cement of 3:1. The amount of binder added is 5-10% of the mass of the crushed material, and the amount of water added is 15-25% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0045] The testing items include compressive strength, calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter.

[0046] The working principle of the process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste provided by this invention is as follows:

[0047] During operation, municipal solid waste is first sent to the pretreatment system to sort out and remove large bricks, glass, metal and other impurities. Then it is sent to a twin-shaft crusher to be crushed to a particle size of 10mm. Next, it is sent to a magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 1000Gs to remove metal impurities. Finally, it is sent to an air separator with a wind speed of 2m / s to separate lightweight plastics, resulting in pretreated material mainly composed of biomass components, with an impurity removal rate of 96%.

[0048] Drying modification involves feeding the pretreated material into a drying modification device and drying it at 110°C until the material moisture content is 10%. At the same time, a modifier (12 parts industrial starch, 2 parts sodium hydroxide, 6 parts bentonite, and 3 parts combustion aid) is added to the dried material. The amount of modifier added is 5% of the mass of the pretreated material. After stirring evenly, the material is modified for 30 minutes.

[0049] The modified material is fed into a hammer mill and crushed to a particle size of 3mm. Then it is fed into a mixing device, where a binder of humic acid and cement (mass ratio 3:1) is added. The amount of binder added is 7% of the mass of the crushed material. Water is then added (the amount added is 20% of the total mass of the mixture). The mixture is stirred evenly by a double spiral to obtain the mixture.

[0050] Molding and pressing: The mixture is fed into a hydraulic molding machine and pressed into a columnar coal briquette (50mm in diameter and 100mm in length) under a pressure of 22MPa and a temperature of 90℃.

[0051] For solidification and curing, the coal briquettes are fed into a solidification and curing device and cured for 36 hours at a temperature of 30℃ and a relative humidity of 70% to obtain the finished biomass coal briquettes.

[0052] Finished product inspection and packaging: The finished product was inspected and found to have a compressive strength of 18MPa, a calorific value of 20MJ / kg, a moisture content of 10%, an ash content of 12%, and a volatile content of 28%, all of which met the qualified standards. It was then packaged and stored.

[0053] Compared with related technologies, the process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] This invention provides a process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste. Through pretreatment to precisely remove non-combustible impurities from the waste, modification treatment to improve the material's binding and combustion properties, and precise control of the molding and curing processes, the prepared biomass briquettes exhibit high strength, stable calorific value, high combustion efficiency, and low pollutant emissions. The ash content, volatile matter, and other indicators meet the requirements for industrial and residential combustion. It can widely replace coal in industrial boilers, residential heating, and other applications, achieving resource-based, harmless, and reduced-volume disposal of municipal solid waste. It converts the biomass components in municipal solid waste into clean and renewable energy, effectively reducing environmental pollution from landfill and incineration, improving the resource utilization rate of waste, aligning with energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection policies, and alleviating the pressure of fossil fuel shortages. It has significant environmental and social benefits.

[0055] Second Embodiment

[0056] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Based on the first embodiment of this application, which provides a process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, the second embodiment of this application proposes another process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste. The second embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the separate implementation of the first embodiment.

[0057] Specifically, the difference between the process and equipment for preparing biomass briquettes using municipal solid waste provided in the second embodiment of this application is that the equipment for preparing biomass briquettes using municipal solid waste is used in the crushing process of step S1 of the process for preparing biomass briquettes using municipal solid waste, and includes: a crushing box 1;

[0058] Adjustment device 2, two adjustment devices 2 are respectively rotatably installed on both sides of the outer surface of the crushing box 1, and sliding holes 4 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the left and right sides of the outer surface of the crushing box 1.

[0059] The moving device 3 is threadedly engaged with one side of the outer surface of the adjusting device 2;

[0060] Crushing chamber 7 is located inside the crushing box 1, and guide plates 11 are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the inner wall of the crushing chamber 7.

[0061] The material feeding trough 6 is located in the middle of the top of the crushing box 1, and the connecting groove 8 is located in the middle of the bottom of the crushing box 1.

[0062] The adjustment device 2 includes a threaded rod 21 and an adjustment block 22. The threaded rod 21 is rotatably mounted in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the crushing box 1, and the adjustment block 22 is fixedly mounted on one end of the threaded rod 21.

[0063] The moving device 3 includes a moving plate 31, a threaded hole 32, a connecting rod 33, a setting block 34, a mounting box 35, a driving component 36, and a crushing wheel 37. The moving plate 31 is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the threaded rod 21. The threaded hole 32 is opened in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the moving plate 31. The two connecting rods 33 are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the outer surface of the moving plate 31. The setting block 34 is fixedly installed on one end of the connecting rod 33. The mounting box 35 is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the setting block 34. The driving component 36 is fixedly installed inside the mounting box 35. The crushing wheel 37 is disposed between the two mounting boxes 35.

[0064] A feeding box 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer surface of the crushing box 1.

[0065] A discharge box 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the outer surface of the crushing box 1.

[0066] Support blocks 10 are fixedly installed around the bottom of the crushing box 1.

[0067] The drive component 36 is a servo motor structure. The output shaft of the drive component 36 is connected to the crushing wheel 37, which drives the crushing wheel 37 to rotate.

[0068] The connecting rod 33 can only slide inside the sliding hole 4, thus restricting the movable plate 31 to only slide.

[0069] The working principle of the device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste provided by this invention is as follows:

[0070] During operation, the municipal solid waste to be crushed is first fed into the feeding box 5 at the top of the crushing box 1. The waste enters the crushing chamber 7 inside the crushing box 1 through the feeding chute 6. The guide plates 11 on both sides of the top of the crushing chamber 7 can guide the fed waste to ensure that the waste falls accurately between the two crushing wheels 37, avoiding the accumulation of waste on the inner wall of the crushing chamber and causing blockage.

[0071] The drive unit 36 ​​inside the two mounting boxes is activated, which drives the crushing wheel 37 to rotate at high speed, thereby realizing the crushing operation of the waste.

[0072] If the crushing effect needs to be adjusted according to the required particle size of the waste, the adjusting block 22 of the adjusting device 2 can be rotated to drive the threaded rod 21 to rotate outside the crushing box 1. Since the moving plate 31 is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod 21 through the threaded hole 32, the rotation of the threaded rod 21 will drive the moving plate 31 to move axially along the threaded rod 21. The moving plate 31 drives the setting block 34, the mounting box 35 and the crushing wheel 37 to move synchronously through the connecting rods 33 on both sides, thereby adjusting the distance between the two crushing wheels 37 to adapt to the requirements of different crushing particle sizes.

[0073] After crushing, the waste particles are discharged through the connecting channel 8 at the bottom of the crushing chamber 7, completing the entire crushing process and providing qualified crushed raw materials for the subsequent preparation of biomass briquettes.

[0074] Compared with related technologies, the device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0075] This invention provides a device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste. By setting up a cooperative structure of adjustment device 2 and moving device 3, the distance between the two crushing wheels 37 can be flexibly adjusted to meet the crushing requirements of waste particles of different sizes. This adapts to the different requirements of raw material particle size in the subsequent preparation of biomass briquettes, improves the versatility and practicality of the device, and can complete crushing operations of various specifications without replacing crushing parts, thus reducing equipment investment costs.

Claims

1. A process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Waste impurity pretreatment. Municipal solid waste is sent into the pretreatment system and sorted, crushed, magnetically separated, and air-separated in sequence to remove non-combustible impurities such as metal, glass, bricks, stones, and large pieces of plastic, and to obtain pretreated material mainly composed of biomass components. S2: Drying modification. The pretreated material is fed into a drying modification device for high-temperature drying. At the same time, a modifier is added to the dried material and stirred evenly for modification treatment. The modification time is 20-40 minutes. S3: Crushing and mixing: The modified material is fed into a crushing device and then into a mixing device. Binder and water are added and stirred until uniform to obtain a mixture. S4: Molding and pressing, feeding the mixture into molding equipment and pressing it into columnar, block, and spherical coal briquettes; S5: Solidification and curing, the coal briquette blank is sent into the solidification and curing device to obtain the finished biomass coal briquette; S6: Finished product inspection and packaging. The finished biomass briquettes after solidification and curing are tested for indicators. Unqualified finished products are returned to the crushing and mixing step for reprocessing, while qualified finished products are packaged and stored.

2. The process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modifier is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts industrial starch, 1-3 parts sodium hydroxide, 5-8 parts bentonite, and 2-4 parts combustion improver. The amount of modifier added is 3-8% of the mass of the pretreated material.

3. The process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder is a compound binder of humic acid and cement, with a mass ratio of humic acid to cement of 3:

1. The amount of binder added is 5-10% of the mass of the crushed material, and the amount of water added is 15-25% of the total mass of the mixture.

4. The process for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The testing items include compressive strength, calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter.

5. A device for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste, wherein the device is used in the crushing process of step S1 in the process of preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Crushing box; The two adjustment devices are respectively rotatably installed on both sides of the outer surface of the crushing box, and sliding holes are provided on both the front and rear sides of the left and right sides of the outer surface of the crushing box. A moving device, wherein the moving device is threadedly engaged with one side of the outer surface of the adjusting device; The crushing chamber is located inside the crushing box, and guide plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the inner wall of the crushing chamber. The material feeding chute is located in the middle of the top of the crushing box, and a connecting chute is located in the middle of the bottom of the crushing box.

6. The equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment device includes a threaded rod and an adjusting block. The threaded rod is rotatably mounted in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the crushing box, and the adjusting block is fixedly mounted on one end of the threaded rod.

7. The equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The moving device includes a moving plate, a threaded hole, a connecting rod, a setting block, a mounting box, a driving component, and a crushing wheel. The moving plate is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the threaded rod. The threaded hole is located in the middle of one side of the outer surface of the moving plate. Two connecting rods are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the outer surface of the moving plate. The setting block is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod. The mounting box is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the setting block. The driving component is fixedly installed inside the mounting box. The crushing wheel is disposed between the two mounting boxes.

8. The equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, A feeding box is fixedly installed on the top of the outer surface of the crushing box.

9. The equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, A discharge box is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the outer surface of the crushing box.

10. The equipment for preparing biomass briquettes from municipal solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, Support blocks are fixedly installed around the bottom of the crushing box.

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