Earthquake-seabed mud flow multi-disaster coupling test device

Abstract

The invention relates to an earthquake-seabed mud flow multi-disaster coupling test device which comprises a model box installed on a vibration table, a seabed soil body is laid in the model box, a stock bin filled with mud flow slurry is arranged on the model box, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the stock bin, a valve is arranged at the liquid outlet, and a flow guide platform is arranged below the liquid outlet. A pressing plate is arranged in the stock bin, the circumferential side wall of the pressing plate abuts against the inner side wall of the stock bin, the bottom wall of the pressing plate abuts against the upper liquid surface of mud flow slurry in the stock bin, and a limiting mechanism is connected to the pressing plate. According to the invention, cooperative coupling loading of an earthquake load and a seabed mud flow impact load can be realized, the sequential relationship of disaster loading is accurately controlled, the stability and continuity of mud flow release in a vibration environment are ensured, mud flow impact parameters and paths are flexibly adjusted, additional disturbance to a seabed model is avoided, and the reliability of the model is improved. Accuracy and repeatability of test results are greatly improved, and a reliable test platform is provided for multi-disaster coupling safety evaluation and disaster resistance design of an ocean engineering structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of physical model testing technology for geological disasters in marine engineering, and in particular to a multi-hazard coupled test device for earthquake-submarine mudflow. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of marine engineering, offshore wind power foundations, submarine pipelines, and jacket structures, among other marine engineering structures, have been serving in complex marine environments for extended periods, making their structural safety an increasingly important concern for the industry. Under marine seismic loads, seabed soil is prone to instability and failure, which can trigger secondary geological disasters such as submarine mudflows, resulting in a continuous or superimposed effect of seismic loads and mudflow impact loads on the marine engineering foundation structures.

[0003] Currently, research in this field largely focuses on the structural response characteristics under single earthquake or mudflow impact disasters. Effective experimental methods and systematic dedicated experimental devices are lacking for the coupled effects of earthquakes and submarine mudflows, especially for disaster evolution and loading processes with clear temporal relationships. Existing physical model testing devices typically separate and independently implement seismic vibration loading and mudflow impact loading, making it difficult to precisely control the temporal sequence, action path, and triggering mechanism of the two types of disasters. This fails to realistically reproduce the entire chain of disaster evolution in actual engineering projects: "earthquake occurrence—seabed instability inducing mudflow—mudflow impacting engineering structures." Furthermore, under seismic vibration conditions, mudflow slurry is easily affected by vibration, exhibiting problems such as sloshing, backflow, and intermittent flow, making it difficult to achieve stable release and controllable loading of the mudflow. This significantly limits the reliability, accuracy, and repeatability of related experimental results. In addition, the mud flow guiding structure of existing test devices is mostly placed directly on the seabed model. The impact force released by the mud flow can easily be transmitted to the seabed soil through the guiding structure, causing additional disturbance to the seabed model and affecting the accuracy of the monitoring data of the sensors in the foundation. Moreover, the height and tilt angle of the guiding structure are not flexible enough to adapt to the simulation requirements of different seabed topography and test conditions.

[0004] Therefore, developing a dedicated testing device capable of coupled loading of earthquakes and submarine mudflows, stable and controllable mudflow release, convenient parameter adjustment, and high testing accuracy has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide a multi-hazard coupled test device for earthquake-submarine mudflow. This device can achieve coordinated coupling loading of seismic loads and submarine mudflow impact loads in a shaking table test system, accurately control the timing relationship of disaster loading, and ensure the stability and continuity of mudflow release under vibration environment. It can flexibly adjust mudflow impact parameters and paths, and avoid causing additional disturbances to the seabed model, greatly improving the accuracy and repeatability of test results, and providing a reliable test platform for multi-hazard coupled safety assessment and disaster resistance design of marine engineering structures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device includes a model box installed on a vibration table, with seabed soil laid inside the model box. A hopper containing mudflow slurry is located on the model box, with an outlet at the bottom of the hopper and a valve at the outlet. A flow guiding platform is located below the outlet. A pressure plate is located inside the hopper, with its circumferential sidewall abutting against the inner sidewall of the hopper and its bottom wall abutting against the upper surface of the mudflow slurry in the hopper. A limiting mechanism is connected to the pressure plate to ensure that the bottom wall of the pressure plate abuts against the upper surface of the mudflow slurry.

[0007] Furthermore, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate disposed in the hopper and connected to the pressure plate, and the limiting plate is provided with a one-way locking component, which enables the limiting plate to move unidirectionally in the vertical direction.

[0008] Furthermore, the one-way locking assembly includes a limiting rod and ratchet teeth vertically disposed on the inner side wall of the hopper. One end of the limiting rod is rotatably connected to the limiting plate, and the other end of the limiting rod engages with the ratchet teeth.

[0009] Furthermore, the one-way locking assembly also includes a return spring connected between the limiting plate and the limiting rod for resetting the limiting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the feature is that the one-way locking component comprises multiple sets.

[0011] Furthermore, the weight of the pressure plate is adjustable.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressure plate includes an abutment block that contacts the mud slurry, and a counterweight block disposed above the abutment block. The counterweight block has various weights, and the circumferential sidewall of the abutment block abuts against the inner sidewall of the hopper via a rubber ring.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the flow guiding platform is rotatably connected to the side wall of the model box, and the flow guiding platform is provided with an angle locking mechanism for locking the rotation angle of the flow guiding platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the side wall of the model box is provided with a vertical guide rail, and one end of the flow guiding platform is rotatably connected to a slider. The slider is slidably connected to the guide rail in the vertical direction, and the sliding height of the slider is locked between the slider and the guide rail by a height locking mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the angle locking mechanism includes an arc-shaped plate disposed on the flow guiding platform, and a corresponding angle adjustment groove is provided on the sliding member for the arc-shaped plate to be inserted into. Both the arc-shaped plate and the angle adjustment groove are provided with through holes. The rotation angle of the flow guiding platform is locked by fasteners passing through the through holes on the arc-shaped plate and the angle adjustment groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention can be used in conjunction with a shaking table test system, enabling the synergistic coupling of seismic loads and seabed mudflow impact loads under shaking table loading conditions. By controlling the temporal relationship between seismic loading and mudflow release processes, the disaster evolution process of "earthquake triggering - mudflow impact" can be realistically reproduced, realizing the physical simulation of the dynamic response of engineering structures under different temporal coupling modes, thus filling the technical gap of existing multi-hazard coupling test devices.

[0017] This invention achieves stable release of mud flow medium under vibration by setting up a mud flow loading structure with a pressure plate and a limiting mechanism. Compared with traditional gravity flow or simple valve control mud flow release methods, the pressure plate keeps the mud flow slurry surface in constant contact with the mud flow slurry, and the one-way locking limiting mechanism effectively avoids phenomena such as sloshing, backflow, intermittent flow, or repeated impact on the silo wall under vibration conditions. This ensures the continuity and stability of the mud flow release process, allowing the mud flow to enter the test area in a stable flow state, significantly improving the controllability of the mud flow impact loading process. Furthermore, by changing the counterweights of different weights, the driving force for mud flow release can be easily adjusted, thereby precisely controlling the mud flow release speed. Compared with the traditional speed control method of adjusting the silo height, the adjustment operation is more convenient and the parameter control is more stable.

[0018] This invention features a flow-guiding platform structure with adjustable height and tilt angle, allowing for flexible adaptation to various experimental conditions. The vertical height of the platform can be flexibly adjusted via guide rails and sliding components to accommodate the height requirements of different seabed and structural models. An angle locking mechanism, combining an arc-shaped plate and an angle adjustment groove, enables stepless adjustment of the platform's tilt angle to simulate the impact path of mudflows entering the test area under varying seabed slopes. The coordinated adjustment of height and angle realistically reproduces the complex motion process of seabed mudflows impacting engineering structures under seismic action. Furthermore, the platform is mounted on the side wall of the model box via sliding components, avoiding direct contact with the seabed model and preventing additional disturbance to the seabed soil caused by the platform's own weight and the impact of mudflow release, thus effectively ensuring the accuracy of experimental monitoring data.

[0019] The invention has a simple overall structure, is easy to disassemble and adjust, and has strong controllability of test conditions. It can easily carry out comparative tests under multiple conditions such as different seismic intensities, different mudflow impact velocities, and different seabed slopes, effectively improving the repeatability and comparability of test results. It provides a reliable and practical test platform for studying the stress mechanism and failure mode of marine engineering structures under the coupled action of earthquake-seafloor mudflow. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the silo in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guiding platform in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the test control process of the present invention.

[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Model box; 2. Vibration table; 3. Seabed soil; 4. Offshore wind turbine pile foundation; 5. Hopper; 51. Liquid outlet; 52. Valve; 53. Pressure plate; 531. Abutment block; 532. Rubber ring; 533. Counterweight; 54. Limiting plate; 55. Limiting rod; 56. Ratchet; 57. Return spring; 58. Screw; 59. Nut; 6. Mud slurry; 7. Guide platform; 71. Arc plate; 8. Guide rail; 9. Sliding component; 91. Angle adjustment groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0026] For easier understanding, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a multi-hazard coupled earthquake-submarine mudflow test device, used in conjunction with a shaking table 2 test system, to simulate the dynamic response of marine engineering structures under the coupled effects of earthquakes and submarine mudflows. The test device includes a model box 1 with an open top, which is fixedly installed on the platform of the shaking table 2 and vibrates synchronously with the shaking table 2 to simulate earthquake loads. The bottom of the model box 1 is lined with seabed soil 3, which can be configured with different slopes and soil parameters according to test requirements. The marine engineering structure model to be tested, such as a submarine pipeline, offshore wind turbine foundation 4, or jacket foundation, is embedded in the seabed soil 3. A vertically arranged hopper 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the left side wall of the model box 1. The internal cavity of the hopper 5 is used to hold mudflow slurry 6, which can be configured with different densities and viscosities according to test requirements to simulate submarine mudflow media in actual engineering. A liquid outlet 51 is located at the bottom center of the silo 5, and a valve 52 is installed at the liquid outlet 51. In this embodiment, the valve 52 is an electrically controlled ball valve, which can be remotely and automatically opened and closed through an external control system to precisely control the trigger time of mud release, so as to achieve time-sequence coupling control with seismic loading. Below the liquid outlet 51, there is a flow guiding platform 7. The flow guiding platform 7 is a rigid flat plate structure, which is used to guide the mud slurry 6 discharged from the silo 5 to the seabed soil 3 area in the model box 1 to realize the impact loading of mud on the marine engineering structure model.

[0027] The silo 5 is equipped with a pressure plate 53, which is horizontally positioned above the mud slurry 6. The circumferential sidewall of the pressure plate 53 abuts against the inner sidewall of the silo 5, and the bottom wall of the pressure plate 53 is completely and tightly fitted against the upper liquid surface of the mud slurry 6 inside the silo 5. A limiting mechanism is connected to the pressure plate 53 to prevent the pressure plate 53 from rebounding upwards or the mud slurry 6 from shaking or flowing back under vibration. This ensures that the bottom wall of the pressure plate 53 always remains in contact with the upper liquid surface of the mud slurry 6, thereby enabling the pressure plate 53 to continuously and stably press the mud slurry 6 under vibration, allowing the mud slurry 6 to be discharged to the guide platform 7.

[0028] Specifically, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate 54 horizontally disposed within the hopper 5 and located above the pressure plate 53. The limiting plate 54 and the pressure plate 53 are relatively fixed by the cooperation of the screw 58 and the nut 59, thereby causing the pressure plate 53 to drive the limiting plate 54 to descend synchronously. The limiting plate 54 is provided with a one-way locking component, which enables the limiting plate 54 to move only downward in the vertical direction and cannot move upward, thereby ensuring that the pressure plate 53 moves downward synchronously with the liquid level and will not rebound upward due to vibration. The one-way locking component includes a limiting rod 55 and a ratchet 56 vertically fixed on the inner wall of the hopper 5. The groove of the ratchet 56 is oriented downward for one-way locking. One end of the limiting rod 55 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate 54, and the other end of the limiting rod 55 is a free end, which meshes with the tooth groove of the ratchet 56. The one-way locking assembly also includes a return spring 57, one end of which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate 54, and the other end is fixedly connected to the middle of the rod body of the limiting rod 55. The return spring 57 is always in a stretched state, providing a return force to the limiting rod 55, so that the free end of the limiting rod 55 always remains engaged with the ratchet 56, preventing the free end of the limiting rod 55 from disengaging from the ratchet 56 during vibration. In this embodiment, two sets of one-way locking assemblies are provided, and the two sets of one-way locking assemblies are evenly spaced along the circumference of the limiting plate 54 to ensure that the force on the limiting plate 54 and the pressure plate 53 is uniform and the locking is stable during the lifting process. Furthermore, to ensure that the free end of the limiting rod 55 and the ratchet 56 remain engaged at all times, a corresponding alignment structure (such as a groove and flange structure, not shown in the figure) can be provided to prevent the limiting plate 54 from deflecting under vibration, restricting the limiting plate 54 to move only vertically downwards. During the installation stage, the free end of the limiting rod 55 engages with the ratchet 56. More specifically, the interior of the hopper 5 is divided into an upper limiting zone and a lower grouting zone. The ratchet 56 is located in the limiting zone of the hopper 5, and the mud slurry 6 is located in the grouting zone of the hopper 5.

[0029] In the initial state where the mud slurry 6 fills the grouting area of ​​the hopper 5, the pressure plate 53 abuts against the upper surface of the mud slurry 6, and the free end of the limiting rod 55 engages with the upper part of the ratchet 56. As the mud slurry 6 is discharged from the outlet 51, the liquid level gradually drops, and the pressure plate 53 moves down synchronously with the liquid level under its own gravity, driving the limiting plate 54 to move down synchronously. At this time, the free end of the limiting rod 55 slides smoothly downward along the tooth surface of the ratchet 56 without affecting the pressure plate. The downward movement of 53; when the vibrating table 2 vibrates and the mud flow slurry 6 experiences an upward impact force, the free end of the limiting rod 55 is locked with the groove of the ratchet 56, restricting the upward movement of the limiting plate 54 and the pressure plate 53, so that the pressure plate 53 is always in contact with the liquid surface of the mud flow slurry 6, effectively suppressing the sloshing and backflow of the slurry, and ensuring the stability of the mud flow release; when the mud flow slurry 6 is drained, the free end of the limiting rod 55 engages with the lower part of the ratchet 56.

[0030] To achieve flexible adjustment of the mud flow release rate, the weight of the pressure plate 53 is adjustable. Specifically, the pressure plate 53 includes a horizontally positioned abutment block 531, the bottom wall of which abuts against the upper surface of the mud flow slurry 6. A rubber ring 532 is fitted onto the circumferential side wall of the abutment block 531, sealing against the inner wall of the hopper 5. This ensures a sliding fit between the abutment block 531 and the inner wall of the hopper 5, while preventing the mud flow slurry 6 from overflowing from the gap between the abutment block 531 and the inner wall of the hopper 5, and also provides a certain degree of buffering and vibration reduction. A counterweight block 533 is detachably installed above the abutment block 531. The counterweight block 533 is available in various weight specifications, and different weights of counterweight blocks 533 can be replaced according to experimental requirements to adjust the overall downward pressure of the pressure plate 53, thereby adjusting the driving force for the discharge of the mud flow slurry 6 and achieving precise control of the mud flow release rate. Furthermore, the abutment block 531, counterweight block 533, and limiting plate 54 are detachably connected by screws 58 and nuts 59. Each of the abutment block 531, counterweight block 533, and limiting plate 54 has a fixed lifting ring at its top, facilitating the disassembly, replacement, and placement of these three components within the hopper 5. Specifically, corresponding vertical connecting holes are provided on the abutment block 531, counterweight block 533, and limiting plate 54. These connecting holes are coaxial, and the screws 58 pass through the connecting holes, while the nuts 59 provide a fixed position for the three components. More specifically, the abutment block 531 and counterweight block 533 are tightly fitted together to form a pressure plate 53, while the limiting plate 54 is spaced apart from the pressure plate 53.

[0031] To achieve flexible adjustment of the flow guiding platform 7 and avoid disturbing the seabed soil 3, one end of the flow guiding platform 7 is rotatably connected to the left side wall of the model box 1. The flow guiding platform 7 is equipped with an angle locking mechanism to lock its rotation angle. A vertical guide rail 8 is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the model box 1. Multiple spaced first height locking holes are formed on the guide rail 8 along its vertical direction. A sliding member 9 is slidably connected to the guide rail 8, and a second height locking hole corresponding to the first height locking hole is formed on the sliding member 9. The sliding member 9 can slide vertically along the guide rail 8 to adjust the installation height of the flow guiding platform 7. A height locking mechanism is provided between the sliding member 9 and the guide rail 8. In this embodiment, the height locking mechanism is a first limiting pin. When the sliding member 9 slides to the target height, the limiting pin passes through the height locking hole aligned with the guide rail 8, thus locking the sliding height of the sliding member 9. This method is convenient to operate and provides stable locking. The left end of the flow guiding platform 7 is rotatably connected to the upper part of the sliding member 9, allowing the flow guiding platform 7 to rotate around the upper part of the sliding member 9 to adjust its slope (tilt angle). The angle locking mechanism includes an arc-shaped plate 71 fixedly disposed below the flow guiding platform 7. The axis of the arc-shaped plate 71 coincides with the rotation axis of the flow guiding platform 7. Multiple first through holes are evenly spaced along its arc trajectory on the arc-shaped plate 71. Correspondingly, the lower part of the sliding member 9 is connected to an angle adjustment groove 91 into which the arc-shaped plate 71 can be inserted. Second through holes corresponding to the first through holes are opened on both sides of the groove wall of the angle adjustment groove 91. When the flow guiding platform 7 rotates around the upper part of the sliding member 9 to the target tilt angle, the arc-shaped plate 71 rotates synchronously within the angle adjustment groove 91, aligning the first through hole on the arc-shaped plate 71 with the second through hole on the angle adjustment groove 91. By passing a fastener (in this embodiment, a second limiting pin) through the aligned first and second through holes, the rotation angle of the flow guiding platform 7 can be locked. With the above structure, the installation height and tilt angle of the flow guiding platform 7 can be adjusted independently, which can flexibly adapt to the test requirements of different seabed model heights and different seabed slopes. Moreover, the flow guiding platform 7 is suspended in the air and its bottom does not contact the seabed soil 3, which completely avoids the additional disturbance of the seabed soil 3 by the flow guiding platform 7 during the mudflow impact process, and ensures the accuracy of the test data.

[0032] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 4 The method of using this invention: Before the test, the model box 1 is installed and fixed on the vibration table 2; the mud flow slurry 6 with corresponding parameters is prepared according to the test plan and injected into the grouting area of ​​the silo 5; the counterweight block 533 with corresponding weight is selected according to the target mud flow velocity, and the counterweight block 533, the abutment block 531 and the limiting plate 54 are connected and fixed to each other by the screw 58 and the nut 59 and placed in the silo 5, so that the abutment block 531 is in close contact with the upper liquid surface of the mud flow slurry 6. During the placement process, the limiting rod 55 is stably engaged with the corresponding ratchet 56 by the alignment structure; the engineering structure model to be tested and the monitoring sensor are buried on the seabed soil 3; according to the height of the seabed model and the design slope, the height of the sliding part 9 is adjusted and the height is locked by the limiting pin, the flow guiding platform 7 is rotated to the target tilt angle, and the angle is locked by the fastener to complete the test preparation.

[0033] During the test, the test conditions and disaster sequence are set through the main control unit: if the earthquake-only condition is selected, the main control unit only controls the vibration table 2 to start and complete the earthquake loading test; if the mudflow-only condition is selected, the main control unit only controls the valve 52 to open, and the mudflow slurry 6 in the hopper 5 is stably discharged under the pressure of the pressure plate 53, and after being guided by the flow guiding platform 7, it impacts the structural model on the seabed soil 3 to complete the mudflow impact test; if the earthquake-mudflow coupling condition is selected, the disaster trigger sequence and interval time are set first, and the main control unit starts the vibration table 2 and valve 52 sequentially or synchronously according to the set sequence to realize the coupled loading of earthquake load and mudflow impact load, and realistically reproduce the disaster evolution process of earthquake-induced seabed mudflow.

[0034] During the simultaneous release of mud flow and seismic vibration, the pressure plate 53 moves downward in sync with the drop in the level of the mud flow slurry 6. The one-way locking component restricts the pressure plate 53 from rebounding upward, ensuring that the pressure plate 53 is always in close contact with the slurry surface. This effectively suppresses the shaking, backflow, and intermittent flow of the slurry caused by vibration, ensuring a stable and continuous release of mud flow and significantly improving the controllability and accuracy of the test results.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described using the above preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-hazard coupled earthquake-submarine mudflow test device, comprising a model box (1) installed on a shaking table (2), the model box (1) being lined with seabed soil (3), and a hopper (5) containing mudflow slurry (6) on the model box (1), characterized in that, The bottom of the silo (5) is provided with a liquid outlet (51), a valve (52) is provided at the liquid outlet (51), a flow guiding platform (7) is provided below the liquid outlet (51), a pressure plate (53) is provided inside the silo (5), the circumferential side wall of the pressure plate (53) abuts against the inner side wall of the silo (5), the bottom wall of the pressure plate (53) abuts against the upper liquid surface of the mud flow slurry (6) in the silo (5), and a limiting mechanism is connected to the pressure plate (53) to ensure that the bottom wall of the pressure plate (53) abuts against the upper liquid surface of the mud flow slurry (6).

2. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate (54) disposed in the hopper (5) and connected to the pressure plate (53). A one-way locking component is connected to the limiting plate (54), and the limiting plate (54) can move unidirectionally in the vertical direction through the one-way locking component.

3. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The one-way locking assembly includes a limiting rod (55) and a ratchet (56) vertically disposed on the inner wall of the hopper (5). One end of the limiting rod (55) is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (54), and the other end of the limiting rod (55) engages with the ratchet (56).

4. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The one-way locking assembly also includes a return spring (57) connected between the limiting plate (54) and the limiting rod (55) for resetting the limiting rod (55).

5. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The one-way locking components are in multiple sets.

6. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight of the pressure plate (53) is adjustable.

7. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure plate (53) includes an abutting block (531) that abuts against the mud slurry (6) and a counterweight block (533) connected above the abutting block (531). The counterweight block (533) has various weights. The circumferential sidewall of the abutting block (531) abuts against the inner sidewall of the hopper (5) through a rubber ring (532).

8. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the flow guiding platform (7) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the model box (1), and the flow guiding platform (7) is provided with an angle locking mechanism for locking the rotation angle of the flow guiding platform (7).

9. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The model box (1) has a vertical guide rail (8) on its side wall. One end of the flow guiding platform (7) is rotatably connected to a sliding member (9). The sliding member (9) is slidably connected to the guide rail (8) in the vertical direction. The sliding height of the sliding member (9) is locked between the sliding member (9) and the guide rail (8) by a height locking mechanism.

10. The earthquake-submarine mudflow multi-hazard coupled test device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The angle locking mechanism includes an arc plate (71) disposed on the flow guiding platform (7), and an angle adjustment groove (91) for inserting the arc plate (71) is provided on the sliding member (9). Both the arc plate (71) and the angle adjustment groove (91) are provided with through holes. The rotation angle of the flow guiding platform (7) is locked by fasteners passing through the through holes on the arc plate (71) and the angle adjustment groove (91).

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