Testing device and testing method for low-temperature flexibility performance of one-dimensional material

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for testing low-temperature flexibility of a one-dimensional material. The test is carried out in a box body with a good heat insulation effect; according to the test, a constant-speed power device is adopted for providing repeated constant-speed movement (specifically advancing and retreating), so that the one-dimensional material is subjected to uniform and stable bending deformation in the movement process (specifically the translation process) so as to test the flexibility of the one-dimensional material, and the fatigue resistance of the one-dimensional material and the performance stability during deformation are tested through the repeated constant-speed movement; according to the test, the radius of the test part of the vertical motion test rod can be changed according to test requirements so as to meet the test requirements of one-dimensional materials with different curvature radiuses; the fixing assembly adopted for testing can effectively fix the one-dimensional material, and the influence of factors such as looseness of the one-dimensional material and tension change on the testing result in the testing process of the one-dimensional material is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material performance testing technology, and in particular to a testing device and method for testing the low-temperature flexibility of one-dimensional materials. Background Technology

[0002] As cryogenic applications become increasingly prevalent in scientific research and production, the use of materials in low-temperature environments is becoming more widespread. When exposed to cryogenic environments, such as near-Earth orbit (-138°C) or the lunar surface (-183°C), many of the properties of materials change compared to room temperature environments. One of the most significant changes in these properties is the material's flexibility.

[0003] Meanwhile, due to the limitations of low-temperature environments, conventional room-temperature methods for testing the flexibility of materials through curling and bending face challenges such as unstable test results, difficulty in controlling the test temperature, and the lack of representativeness of test results due to other factors. Therefore, exploring and designing a one-dimensional material low-temperature flexibility test device that can accurately and stably control the test temperature, is less affected by environmental disturbances, and provides stable and objective output results is an important way to solve the current problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a testing device and method for the low-temperature flexibility performance of one-dimensional materials. The test is conducted within a well-insulated chamber, which holds cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen. A vacuum or insulation layer structure ensures a constant temperature during the test. The test employs a uniform-speed power device to provide repeated uniform motion (specifically forward and backward), causing the one-dimensional material to undergo uniform and stable bending deformation during the motion (specifically, translational motion) to test its flexibility. Furthermore, the fatigue resistance and performance stability during deformation are tested through repeated uniform-speed motion. The radius of the testing section of the vertical motion testing rod can be adjusted to meet the testing requirements of one-dimensional materials with different radii of curvature. The fixing components used in the test effectively fix the one-dimensional material, eliminating the influence of factors such as material relaxation and tensile changes on the test results during the test.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A testing device for the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials, the testing device comprising: a uniform speed power device, a lateral motion rod, a column, a steering connector, a vertical motion testing rod, a fixture, and a vacuum or heat-insulated chamber;

[0007] The uniform speed power device is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber; the lateral motion rod and steering connector are located above the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber; the circumferential column, vertical motion test rod and clamp are located inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber.

[0008] One end of the lateral motion rod is connected to the uniform speed power device, and the other end of the lateral motion rod is connected to the steering connector; the vertical motion test rod is connected to the steering connector; the forward and backward movements of the uniform speed power device drive the vertical motion test rod to perform repeated vertical axial translational movements inside the vacuum or heat-insulated box.

[0009] One-dimensional material is wound around the vertical motion test rod, and one end of the one-dimensional material wound around the vertical motion test rod is fixed by a clamp, while the other end is fixed by a constant force after turning around the column.

[0010] Beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. This application uses a uniform speed power device to drive the transverse motion rod to move forward and backward at a uniform speed in the horizontal direction, and uses a steering connector connected to the transverse motion rod to drive the vertical motion test rod to move at a uniform speed in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing the testing of the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials.

[0012] 2. This application increases the travel distance and the measured area (the measured area refers to the area where the one-dimensional material bends and straightens as the vertical moving test rod moves) of the one-dimensional material during the test process by adjusting the distance between the column and the fixture and the speed of the uniform power device. This avoids deviations in the test results due to defects in a certain measured area, making the test results more universal. At the same time, adjusting the distance between the column and the fixture and the speed of the uniform power device can also adjust the test cycle of the one-dimensional material.

[0013] 3. This application uses clamps and a surrounding column to hold and fix the one-dimensional material, ensuring the stability of the one-dimensional material during the test; this application uses the combination of the surrounding column and pulley to route the wire, so that the other end of the one-dimensional material is always subjected to a constant tension, ensuring that the test results are not affected by the tension fluctuation, and effectively avoiding the influence of stress relaxation of the one-dimensional material on the test results during the test.

[0014] 4. This application utilizes a combination of a clamp, a winding column, a constant tension, and a vertical motion test rod to wind the one-dimensional material to be tested onto the vertical motion test rod. During the test (i.e., during the translation of the vertical motion test rod), one end of the one-dimensional material is bent and wound while the other end is straightened and stretched, thereby completing the flexibility performance test of the one-dimensional material.

[0015] 5. The testing apparatus of this application transforms the rotational test in traditional flexibility testing into a translational test, that is, converting the rotation of the one-dimensional material under test into the translation of a vertically moving test rod. This solves the problems faced by existing low-temperature flexibility testing methods, such as unstable test results, difficulty in controlling the test temperature, and poor representativeness of test results due to large fluctuations in tensile force, etc. It achieves stable control of the test temperature, less susceptibility to environmental disturbances, and stable and objective output results for low-temperature flexibility performance characterization and evaluation. In addition, by changing the diameter of the vertically moving test rod, flexibility testing of one-dimensional materials under different radii of curvature can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and components of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Uniform speed power device; 2. Lateral motion rod; 3. Circumferential column; 4. Steering connector; 5. Vertical motion test rod; 6. Fixture; 7. Pulley; 8. Insulated box.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a physical test diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] <Testing apparatus for the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials>

[0020] The present invention provides a testing device for the low-temperature flexibility performance of one-dimensional materials. The testing device includes: a uniform speed power device 1, a transverse motion rod 2, a winding column 3, a steering connector 4, a vertical motion testing rod 5, a clamp 6, and a vacuum or heat-insulated box 8.

[0021] The uniform speed power device 1 is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the lateral movement rod 2 and the steering connector 4 are located above the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the circumferential column 3, the vertical movement test rod 5 and the clamp 6 are located inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8.

[0022] One end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the uniform speed power device 1, and the other end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the steering connector 4; the vertical motion test rod 5 is connected to the steering connector 4; the forward and backward movements of the uniform speed power device 1 drive the vertical motion test rod 5 to perform repeated vertical axial translational movements inside the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8.

[0023] One-dimensional material is wound around the vertical motion test rod 5, and one end of the one-dimensional material wound around the vertical motion test rod 5 is fixed by the clamp 6, while the other end is fixed by a constant force after being turned around the column 3.

[0024] <Pulley>

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the testing device further includes a pulley 7, which is disposed on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 and is used to pull one end of the one-dimensional material wound on the vertical motion testing rod 5 out of the testing device.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pulley 7 is a conventional pulley device known in the art capable of pulling one-dimensional material out of the testing device. The number of the changing pulleys 7 is preferably two.

[0027] One-dimensional materials

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional material can be a one-dimensional material known in the art for testing low-temperature flexibility; the one-dimensional material can be a flexible conductive material or a flexible non-conductive material.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the one-dimensional material is not specifically defined and can be any diameter of one-dimensional material known in the art; for example, the diameter of the one-dimensional material is 0.1mm-8mm, such as 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm or 8mm.

[0030] <Uniform speed power device>

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the constant-speed power device 1 provides the testing device with a stable and uniform forward and backward motion that can be repeatedly cycled multiple times. Exemplarily, one forward motion and one backward motion can be considered as one test cycle process.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the uniform speed power device 1 is a power device known in the art that is capable of providing stable and uniform forward and backward movements that can be repeated multiple times.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the uniform speed power device 1 includes a rotating motor, a transmission screw, and a moving slider clamp.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the movement speed of the uniform speed power device 1 needs to be matched with the length of the one-dimensional material to effectively control the test frequency. For example, the movement speed of the uniform speed power device 1 is 4cm / s-10cm / s, such as 4cm / s, 5cm / s, 6cm / s, 7cm / s, 8cm / s, 9cm / s or 10cm / s.

[0035] <Horizontal Movement Bar>

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the uniform speed power device 1, and the other end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the vertical motion test rod 5 through the steering connector 4; the lateral motion rod 2 transmits the forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 to the steering connector 4, and the steering connector 4 drives the vertical motion test rod 5 to perform repeated vertical axial translational motion within the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the lateral movement rod 2 is metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter and length of the lateral motion rod 2 are not particularly defined, and can be any known in the art capable of connecting the steering connector 4 and the constant speed power device 1, and driving the vertical motion test rod 5 to move. Exemplarily, the diameter and length of the lateral motion rod 2 can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; further exemplarily, the diameter of the lateral motion rod 2 is 4mm-10mm, for example, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, or 10mm; the length of the lateral motion rod 2 is 30cm-60cm, for example, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, or 60cm.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transverse moving rod 2 is a threaded rod. The diameter of the thread is 2mm-10mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, or 10mm.

[0040] <Steering connector>

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the steering connector 4 is a right-angle steering connector.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the side of the right-angle steering component has a threaded hole with a diameter of 2mm-10mm, through which it is connected to the lateral movement rod 2; the bottom surface of the right-angle steering component has a threaded hole with a diameter of 2mm-10mm, through which it is connected to the vertical movement test rod 5.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the steering connector 4 is square. Exemplarily, the cross-sectional size of the steering connector 4 can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the vacuum or insulated enclosure 8; further exemplarily, the cross-section of the steering connector 4 is a square of 10-40mm × 10-40mm, such as a square of 20mm × 20mm or a square of 30mm × 30mm.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the steering connector 4 is made of metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length and height of the steering connector 4 are not particularly defined, and can be any known in the art capable of connecting the lateral movement rod 2 and the vertical movement test rod 5 and driving the vertical movement test rod 5 to move. Exemplarily, the length and height of the steering connector 4 can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; further exemplarily, the length of the steering connector 4 is 8cm-10cm, for example 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm; and the height of the steering connector 4 is 4cm-5cm, for example 4cm, 4.5cm, or 5cm.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the steering connector 4 is used to connect the lateral motion rod 2 and the vertical motion test rod 5, and the steering connector 4 is used to transmit the forward and backward motion provided by the constant speed power device 1 to the vertical motion test rod 5.

[0047] <around the pillar>

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the winding post 3 is wound half a turn by a one-dimensional material.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the winding post 3 is a cylindrical structure.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter and length of the winding post 3 are not particularly defined. The winding post 3 is configured to allow for the rotation of one-dimensional material within the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. Exemplarily, the diameter and length of the winding post 3 can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8; further exemplarily, the diameter of the winding post 3 is 10mm-15mm, for example, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, or 15mm, and the length of the winding post 3 is 5cm-20cm, for example, 5cm, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, 15cm, 18cm, or 20cm.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the winding post 3 includes an inner core and an outer shell, the outer shell covering the outer surface of the inner core; the inner core is made of a metal material, and the outer shell is made of a polymer material; exemplaryly, the metal material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy; the polymer material is polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the winding column 3 is fixedly disposed inside the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement of the winding post 3 enables the one-dimensional material to be rotated within the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. The change in the direction of the one-dimensional material increases its travel distance within the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. This increased travel distance allows the winding angle of the one-dimensional material to be reduced, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the test results. Furthermore, it effectively increases the depth of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. The increased depth of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 allows for an increase in the amount of cryogenic liquid contained within it, which can effectively slow down the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid, making the test environment more stable and durable.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the testing device is used to test the low-temperature flexibility of a one-dimensional material, the starting point of the one-dimensional material under test is inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8, and the ending point is outside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8. This arrangement makes the path of the one-dimensional material under test inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 resemble a "<" shaped route. However, when using a conventional flexibility testing device, since there is no surrounding column 3, the path of the one-dimensional material inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 resembles a " / " shaped route. In this case, under the premise of ensuring the same tilt angle of the one-dimensional material, the height of the "<" shaped route is much smaller than that of the " / " shaped route. This can effectively increase the depth of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8, thereby increasing the amount of cryogenic liquid contained inside and slowing down the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid. This can ensure that the testing environment of the testing device is more stable and durable.

[0055] <Vertical Motion Test Bar>

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the vertical motion test rod 5 is preferably the diameter of the test portion of the vertical motion test rod 5; the diameter of the vertical motion test rod 5 is not particularly defined and can be adjusted according to the radius of curvature required for bending of the one-dimensional material being tested. For example, the diameter of the vertical motion test rod 5 is 2mm-10mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, or 10mm.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical motion test rod 5 includes an inner core and an outer shell, the outer shell covering the outer surface of the inner core; wherein, the inner core is made of a metal material, and the outer shell is made of a polymer material. Exemplarily, the metal material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy; the polymer material is polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the orbital column 3 and the vertical motion test rod 5 can be made of the same material or different materials. When the orbital column 3 and the vertical motion test rod 5 are made of the same material, the damage to the one-dimensional material caused by friction can be minimized, making the test results more accurate and stable.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the vertical motion test rod 5 is not specifically defined, as long as it can ensure that the one-dimensional material is wound around its surface and drives the one-dimensional material to perform repeated vertical axial translational motion inside the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8. The length of the vertical motion test rod 5 can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8. For example, the length of the vertical motion test rod 5 is 15cm-20cm, such as 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm or 20cm.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical motion test rod 5 includes a test part and a connecting part, the test part and the connecting part being connected together; the connecting part is located at the top of the vertical motion test rod 5 and is used to connect the steering connector 4; the test part is located at the bottom of the vertical motion test rod 5 and is used to wind one-dimensional material.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the testing section of the vertical motion testing rod 5 is not specifically defined, as long as it ensures that the one-dimensional material is wound around its surface and drives the one-dimensional material to perform repeated vertical axial translational motion inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8. Exemplarily, the length of the testing section of the vertical motion testing rod 5 can be reasonably adjusted according to the length of the vertical motion testing rod 5; further exemplarily, the length of the testing section is 5-10 cm, for example, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, or 10 cm.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the connecting portion of the vertical motion test rod 5 is not specifically defined, as long as it ensures the connection between the vertical motion test rod 5 and the steering connector 4. Exemplarily, the length of the connecting portion of the vertical motion test rod 5 can be reasonably adjusted according to the length of the vertical motion test rod 5; further exemplarily, the length of the connecting portion is 5-15cm, for example, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, or 15cm.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the connecting part of the vertical motion test rod 5 is a cylindrical structure with threads on its surface.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the testing part of the vertical motion testing rod 5 is a smooth cylindrical structure. Exemplarily, the testing part is a stepped cylindrical structure that is thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom, a stepped cylindrical structure that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom, or a cylindrical structure with uniform thickness from top to bottom.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional material is wound around the vertical motion test rod 5 once.

[0066] Preferably, the one-dimensional material is wrapped around the test section of the vertical motion test rod 5.

[0067] <Clamp>

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the one-dimensional material is fixed by a clamp 6, and the other end is first wound around a vertical motion test rod 5 for one turn, and then wound around a column 3 for half a turn before turning. The one-dimensional material after turning is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulating box 8 by a pulley 7 and fixed by a constant force.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the travel distance of the one-dimensional material during the testing process is related to the distance between the winding post 3 and the clamp 6. Increasing the distance between the winding post 3 and the clamp 6 increases the travel distance of the one-dimensional material during the testing process, resulting in a larger tested area. This effectively avoids deviations in the test results due to defects in the tested area, making the test results more universal. However, a larger travel distance leads to an increase in testing time; for example, in tens of thousands of cycle tests, the testing time becomes excessively long. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the travel distance of the one-dimensional material during the testing process according to specific requirements, i.e., to control the distance between the winding post 3 and the clamp 6. For example, the distance between the winding post 3 and the clamp 6 is 5cm-15cm, such as 5cm, 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, or 15cm.

[0070] <Constant Tension>

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the constant tension can be provided by a suspension weight, a tension gauge, etc.; the magnitude of the constant tension is adjustable.

[0072] <Vacuum or Insulated Enclosure>

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 is filled with liquid nitrogen or other warm liquids, and the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 provides a uniform and stable low-temperature environment for the testing device.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the vacuum or heat-insulating box 8 is not particularly limited, for example, it can be a cuboid.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the external length of the vacuum or heat-insulating box 8 is 40cm-80cm, the width is 30cm-60cm, and the height is 20cm-40cm. The internal length of the vacuum or heat-insulating box 8 is 30cm-70cm, the width is 20cm-50cm, and the height is 15cm-35cm.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8 includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged sequentially.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the inner and outer layers are made of metal materials; for example, the metal materials are stainless steel or aluminum alloy; the middle layer is made of heat insulation material; for example, the heat insulation material is porous foam or fiber material.

[0078] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate layer is a vacuum layer.

[0079] According to embodiments of the present invention, the thicknesses of the inner, middle, and outer layers are not specifically defined, as long as they can slow down the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid inside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8, providing a more stable and durable testing environment. For example, the thicknesses of the inner, middle, and outer layers are 5cm-10cm, respectively.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic liquid (liquid nitrogen at 77K and mixtures with different boiling points prepared by mixing liquid nitrogen and ethanol) environment contained inside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 with thermal insulation effect can be preserved for a long time, ensuring a stable temperature environment during the testing process.

[0081] <Test Device>

[0082] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the one-dimensional material is a flexible conductive material, electrodes can be connected to both ends of the flexible conductive material to record and collect the resistance changes during the test, and to monitor the performance changes of the one-dimensional material in real time. When the one-dimensional material is a flexible non-conductive material, its surface needs to be observed at the nodes of the number of test cycles (such as 1000 times, 2000 times, etc.) to confirm whether surface cracks or fractures have occurred during the test.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by wrapping a one-dimensional material around a vertical motion test rod 5, the one-dimensional material undergoes bending-straightening behavior when the vertical motion test rod 5 makes a linear reciprocating motion, thereby completing the test of the flexibility performance of the one-dimensional material.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the forward and backward movements of the constant-speed power device 1 can be configured. A cyclic test of the constant-speed power device can be configured, with one forward movement and one backward movement constituting a test cycle. The stroke of the constant-speed power device can be configured.

[0085] <Test Methods for Low-Temperature Flexibility Properties of One-Dimensional Materials>

[0086] This invention also provides a testing method for the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials. The testing method is based on the aforementioned testing apparatus and includes the following steps:

[0087] 1) Load the one-dimensional material to be tested into the testing device: one end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is fixed on the clamp 6 inside the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8; the other end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is first wound around the vertical motion test rod 5 once, and then wound around the pillar 3 for half a turn. After turning, the one-dimensional material to be tested is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8 and fixed by a constant force.

[0088] 2) Connect the two ends of the one-dimensional material to be tested to the testing software to collect and test the resistance signal changes of the one-dimensional material in real time during the testing process;

[0089] 3) Pour the cryogenic liquid into the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 and ensure that the one-dimensional material being tested is completely submerged in the cryogenic liquid;

[0090] 4) Start the uniform speed power device 1. The forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 is sequentially transmitted to the lateral motion rod 2, the steering connector 4 and the vertical motion test rod 5, thereby driving the vertical motion test rod 5 to make repeated vertical axial translational motions in the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8. One forward motion and one backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 constitute a test cycle. The required number of test cycles is completed according to the test requirements.

[0091] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention are covered within the scope of protection intended by the present invention.

[0092] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a testing device for the low-temperature flexibility performance of one-dimensional materials. The testing device includes: a uniform speed power device 1, a transverse motion rod 2, a winding column 3, a steering connector 4, a vertical motion testing rod 5, a clamp 6, a pulley 7, and a vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8.

[0095] The uniform speed power device 1 is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the lateral movement rod 2 and the steering connector 4 are located above the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the circumferential column 3, the vertical movement test rod 5 and the clamp 6 are located inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8.

[0096] One end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the uniform speed power device 1, and the other end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the steering connector 4; the vertical motion test rod 5 is connected to the steering connector 4; the forward and backward movements of the uniform speed power device 1 drive the vertical motion test rod 5 to perform repeated vertical axial translational movements inside the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8.

[0097] One-dimensional material is wound around the vertical motion test rod 5, and one end of the one-dimensional material wound around the vertical motion test rod 5 is fixed by the clamp 6, and the other end is fixed by a constant force after being turned around the column 3.

[0098] The pulley 7 is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 and is used to pull one end of the one-dimensional material wrapped around the vertical motion test rod 5 out of the test device.

[0099] The constant speed power device 1 provides the test device with a stable and uniform forward and backward motion that can be repeatedly cycled multiple times.

[0100] One end of the lateral motion rod 2 is connected to the uniform speed power device 1, and the other end is connected to the vertical motion test rod 5 via a steering connector 4. The lateral motion rod 2 transmits the forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 to the steering connector 4, which in turn drives the vertical motion test rod 5 to perform repetitive vertical axial translational motion within the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. The diameter of the lateral motion rod 2 is 8mm; the length of the lateral motion rod 2 is 40cm. The lateral motion rod 2 is a threaded rod, with a thread diameter of M6.

[0101] The steering connector 4 is a right-angle steering component. Its side surface has a threaded hole with a diameter of M6, through which it connects to the lateral movement rod 2. Its bottom surface also has a threaded hole with a diameter of M6, through which it connects to the vertical movement test rod 5. The steering connector 4 has a cross-section of a 20mm × 20mm square. Its length is 10cm, and its height is 4cm. The steering connector 4 connects the lateral movement rod 2 and the vertical movement test rod 5, transmitting the forward and backward motion provided by the constant speed power device 1 to the vertical movement test rod 5.

[0102] The winding post 3 is wrapped half a turn with one-dimensional material; the winding post 3 has a cylindrical structure; the diameter of the winding post 3 is 15mm, and the length of the winding post 3 is 5cm. The winding post 3 is fixedly installed inside the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the setting of the winding post 3 enables the one-dimensional material to rotate within the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8, and the change in the direction of the one-dimensional material increases its travel distance within the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8; the increased travel distance of the one-dimensional material within the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 can, on the one hand, slow down the winding angle of the one-dimensional material, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the test results; on the other hand, it can effectively increase the depth of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8, which is beneficial to increasing the amount of cryogenic liquid contained inside, which can effectively slow down the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid, making the test environment more stable and durable.

[0103] When using the aforementioned testing device to test the low-temperature flexibility of a one-dimensional material, the starting point of the tested one-dimensional material is inside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8, and the ending point is outside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8. This setup makes the path of the tested one-dimensional material inside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 resemble a "<" shaped route. However, when using a conventional flexibility testing device, since there is no surrounding column 3, the path of the one-dimensional material inside the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 resembles a " / " shaped route. In this case, while maintaining the same tilt angle for the one-dimensional material, the elevation height of the "<" shaped route is much smaller than that of the " / " shaped route. This effectively increases the depth of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8, thereby increasing the amount of cryogenic liquid contained within and slowing down the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid. This ensures a more stable and durable testing environment for the testing device.

[0104] The one-dimensional material is wrapped around the vertical motion test rod 5 once. The vertical motion test rod 5 has a diameter of 10mm and a length of 20cm. The vertical motion test rod 5 includes a test section and a connecting section, which are connected together. The connecting section is located at the top of the vertical motion test rod 5 and is used to connect the steering connector 4. The test section is located at the bottom of the vertical motion test rod 5 and is used to wrap the one-dimensional material. The length of the test section of the vertical motion test rod 5 is 10cm, and the length of the connecting section is 10cm. The connecting section of the vertical motion test rod 5 is a cylindrical structure with threads on its surface, and the test section of the vertical motion test rod 5 is a smooth cylindrical structure with consistent thickness from top to bottom.

[0105] One end of the one-dimensional material is fixed by clamp 6, and the other end is first wound around a vertical motion test rod 5 for one revolution, then wound around a column 3 for half a revolution, and then turned. After turning, the one-dimensional material is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8 by pulley 7 and fixed by a constant force. The distance between the column 3 and the clamp 6 is 15cm. The constant tension can be provided by a suspension weight, a tension gauge, etc.; the magnitude of the constant tension is adjustable.

[0106] The vacuum or insulated chamber 8 contains liquid nitrogen, providing a uniform and stable low-temperature environment for the testing device. The external dimensions of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 are 40cm in length, 30cm in width, and 20cm in height. The internal dimensions of the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 are 30cm in length, 20cm in width, and 15cm in height. The low-temperature liquid environment (liquid nitrogen at 77K and mixtures with different boiling points prepared by mixing liquid nitrogen and ethanol) contained inside the insulated vacuum or insulated chamber 8 can be maintained for extended periods, ensuring a stable temperature environment during the testing process.

[0107] By wrapping a one-dimensional material around a vertical motion test rod 5, the one-dimensional material undergoes bending and straightening behavior when the vertical motion test rod 5 makes a linear reciprocating motion, thereby completing the test of the flexibility performance of the one-dimensional material.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] This embodiment 2 provides a testing method for the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials. The testing method is based on the testing device of embodiment 1 above, and includes the following steps:

[0110] 1) Load the one-dimensional material to be tested into the testing device: one end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is fixed on the clamp 6 inside the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8; the other end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is first wound around the vertical motion test rod 5 once, and then wound around the pillar 3 for half a turn. After turning, the one-dimensional material to be tested is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulating chamber 8 and fixed by a constant force.

[0111] 2) Connect the two ends of the one-dimensional material to be tested to the testing software to collect and test the resistance signal changes of the one-dimensional material in real time during the testing process;

[0112] 3) Pour the cryogenic liquid into the vacuum or insulated chamber 8 and ensure that the one-dimensional material being tested is completely submerged in the cryogenic liquid;

[0113] 4) Start the uniform speed power device 1. The forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 is sequentially transmitted to the lateral motion rod 2, the steering connector 4 and the vertical motion test rod 5, thereby driving the vertical motion test rod 5 to make repeated vertical axial translational motions in the vacuum or heat-insulated box 8. One forward motion and one backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device 1 constitute a test cycle. The required number of test cycles is completed according to the test requirements.

[0114] When the one-dimensional material is a flexible conductive material, electrodes can be connected to both ends of the flexible conductive material to record and collect the resistance changes during the test, and to monitor the performance changes of the one-dimensional material in real time. When the one-dimensional material is a flexible non-conductive material, its surface needs to be observed at the nodes of the number of test cycles (such as 1000 times, 2000 times, etc.) to confirm whether surface cracks or fractures have occurred during the test.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] The traditional winding-straightening method is used to test the low-temperature flexibility of one-dimensional materials. However, the test results are unstable, mainly because the two ends of the one-dimensional material move continuously during the test, causing severe vibration of the tested one-dimensional material with the test device, resulting in continuous changes in the start-end position and ultimately making the test results unrepresentative. Furthermore, because the traditional winding-straightening method makes the one-dimensional material's path resemble a " / " shaped route, in order to ensure that the tilt angle of the one-dimensional material is the same, the depth of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber 8 used in the traditional method is forced to be shallow. This is not conducive to providing a uniform and stable low-temperature environment for the test device.

[0117] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials, the testing device comprising: Uniform speed power device (1), lateral motion rod (2), winding column (3), steering connector (4), vertical motion test rod (5), fixture (6) and vacuum or heat-insulated box (8); The uniform speed power device (1) is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8); the lateral movement rod (2) and the steering connector (4) are located above the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8); the winding column (3), the vertical movement test rod (5) and the clamp (6) are located inside the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8); One end of the lateral motion rod (2) is connected to the uniform speed power device (1), and the other end of the lateral motion rod (2) is connected to the steering connector (4); the vertical motion test rod (5) is connected to the steering connector (4); the forward and backward movements of the uniform speed power device (1) drive the vertical motion test rod (5) to perform repeated vertical axial translational movements inside the vacuum or heat-insulated box (8); One-dimensional material is wound around the vertical motion test rod (5), and one end of the one-dimensional material wound around the vertical motion test rod (5) is fixed by a clamp (6), and the other end is fixed by a constant force after turning around the column (3).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The testing device also includes a pulley (7), which is located on the outside of the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber (8) and is used to pull one end of the one-dimensional material wrapped on the vertical motion test rod (5) out of the testing device.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, One end of the lateral motion rod (2) is connected to the uniform speed power device (1), and the other end of the lateral motion rod (2) is connected to the vertical motion test rod (5) through the steering connector (4). The lateral motion rod (2) transmits the forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device (1) to the steering connector (4), and the steering connector (4) drives the vertical motion test rod (5) to make repeated vertical axial translational motions in the vacuum or heat-insulated box (8).

4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The steering connector (4) is a right-angle steering component. The side of the right-angle steering component has a threaded hole with a diameter of 2mm-10mm, which is connected to the lateral movement rod (2) through the threaded hole. The bottom surface of the right-angle steering component has a threaded hole with a diameter of 2mm-10mm, which is connected to the vertical movement test rod (5) through the threaded hole. Preferably, the steering connector (4) is used to connect the lateral motion rod (2) and the vertical motion test rod (5), and the forward and backward motion provided by the constant speed power device (1) is transmitted to the vertical motion test rod (5) by the steering connector (4).

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The winding post (3) is wrapped with a one-dimensional material for half a turn. Preferably, the winding post (3) has a cylindrical structure. Preferably, the winding post (3) includes an inner core and an outer shell, with the outer shell covering the outer surface of the inner core; the inner core is made of a metal material, and the outer shell is made of a polymer material; the metal material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy; the polymer material is polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The vertical motion test rod (5) includes an inner core and an outer shell, with the outer shell covering the outer surface of the inner core; wherein, the inner core is made of a metal material, and the outer shell is made of a polymer material; the metal material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy; and the polymer material is polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene. Preferably, the vertical motion test rod (5) includes a test part and a connecting part, the test part and the connecting part are connected together; the connecting part is located at the top of the vertical motion test rod (5) and is used to connect the steering connector (4); the test part is located at the bottom of the vertical motion test rod (5) and is used to wind one-dimensional material. Preferably, the connecting part of the vertical motion test rod (5) is a cylindrical structure with threads on its surface. Preferably, the testing part of the vertical motion test rod (5) is a smooth cylindrical structure, which is a stepped cylindrical structure with a thicker top and a thinner bottom, a stepped cylindrical structure with a thinner top and a thicker bottom, or a cylindrical structure with the same thickness at both ends. Preferably, the one-dimensional material is wrapped around the vertical motion test rod (5) once.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, One end of the one-dimensional material is fixed by a clamp (6), and the other end is first wound around a vertical motion test rod (5) once and then wound around a column (3) for half a turn. After turning, the one-dimensional material is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8) by a pulley (7) and fixed by a constant force. Preferably, the distance between the winding post (3) and the clamp (6) is 5cm-15cm.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The constant tension is provided by a suspended weight or a tension gauge.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The vacuum or insulated enclosure (8) includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence. Preferably, the inner and outer layers are made of metal materials, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy; the middle layer is made of heat-insulating material, such as porous foam or fiber material. Preferably, the intermediate layer is a vacuum layer. Preferably, by wrapping a one-dimensional material around a vertical motion test rod (5), the one-dimensional material undergoes bending-straightening behavior when the vertical motion test rod (5) makes a linear reciprocating motion, thereby completing the test of the flexibility performance of the one-dimensional material.

10. A method for testing the low-temperature flexibility properties of one-dimensional materials, the method being based on the testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, the method comprising the following steps: 1) The one-dimensional material to be tested is loaded into the testing device: one end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is fixed on the clamp (6) inside the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8); the other end of the one-dimensional material to be tested is first wound around the vertical motion test rod (5) once, and then wound around the column (3) for half a turn. After turning, the one-dimensional material to be tested is pulled out of the vacuum or heat-insulating box (8) and fixed by a constant force. 2) Connect the two ends of the one-dimensional material to be tested to the testing software to collect and test the resistance signal changes of the one-dimensional material in real time during the testing process; 3) Pour the cryogenic liquid into the vacuum or insulated chamber (8) and ensure that the one-dimensional material to be tested is completely submerged in the cryogenic liquid; 4) Start the uniform speed power device (1). The forward and backward motion provided by the uniform speed power device (1) is sequentially transmitted to the lateral motion rod (2), the steering connector (4), and the vertical motion test rod (5), thereby driving the vertical motion test rod (5) to perform repeated vertical axial translational motion within the vacuum or heat-insulated chamber (8); wherein, The uniform speed power device (1) provides one forward motion and one backward motion as a test cycle, and completes the required number of test cycles according to the test requirements.

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