A radar monitoring and early warning method for open-pit mine slope based on step neighborhood displacement ratio convergence and a deformation area identification method
By constructing a step neighborhood in open-pit mine slope monitoring, calculating the displacement ratio of monitoring points and extracting convergence features, the false alarm and missed alarm problems of existing slope monitoring methods are solved, enabling accurate identification and automatic early warning of slope deformation areas, and improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEASTERN UNIV CHINA
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing radar monitoring methods for open-pit mine slopes are insufficient in terms of the accuracy of deformation area identification and early warning, especially in terms of insufficient consideration of the non-uniformity and spatial differences of slope rock mass, which leads to false alarms or missed alarms, and lacks the ability to identify the co-evolution characteristics of deformation in the neighborhood.
By constructing a step neighborhood, calculating the displacement ratio of monitoring points and extracting their convergence characteristics, establishing judgment criteria, identifying the slope deformation state, and automatically identifying potential deformation areas, the accuracy of early warning is improved.
It improves the accuracy and reliability of slope monitoring and early warning, reduces false alarms caused by disturbances such as blasting and rainfall, realizes automated analysis of large-scale radar monitoring data and automatic identification of potential deformation areas, and can reflect the evolution process of slope deformation from point to area.
Smart Images
Figure CN121934072B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope radar monitoring technology, and provides a method for radar monitoring, early warning and deformation area identification of open-pit mine slopes based on the convergence of the displacement ratio of the neighboring steps. Background Technology
[0002] Slope stability in open-pit mines is a crucial factor determining mine safety. With increasing mining depth and slope height, the number of steep slopes is rising, significantly increasing the risk of slope instability. Real-time monitoring of open-pit mine slope deformation and timely identification of potential instability areas are essential technical means to ensure mine safety. In recent years, with the development of monitoring technology, slope monitoring technology based on Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) has been widely applied. This technology offers advantages such as long-distance non-contact monitoring, high precision, and large-scale continuous monitoring, enabling real-time acquisition of minute displacement changes on the slope surface, thus providing crucial data support for slope stability analysis. Many scholars have conducted research on slope instability identification and early warning methods based on radar monitoring data. For example, Voight's landslide acceleration stage prediction model uses inverse velocity analysis to predict landslide instability time, a method widely used in predicting landslide acceleration stages; furthermore, Fukuzono's inverse velocity prediction method is also widely used for identifying landslide deformation acceleration stages. In recent years, some studies have proposed methods for landslide early warning using indicators such as displacement rate thresholds and changes in displacement acceleration, and these methods have achieved certain application results in some projects. Meanwhile, some patents propose methods for judging slope stability using the displacement change trends of radar monitoring points, achieving landslide early warning by analyzing changes in the displacement rate of monitoring points.
[0003] However, most of the above methods are based on the analysis of single-point displacement or single-point displacement rate changes, and are essentially still single-point anomaly identification methods. In the actual open-pit mine monitoring environment, due to factors such as blasting operations, rainfall, temperature changes, and equipment noise, the displacement data of a single monitoring point may experience short-term abnormal fluctuations, leading to false alarms or misjudgments. Furthermore, the currently widely used fixed threshold early warning method still has certain limitations in engineering practice. The main reason is that slope rock masses have significant non-uniformity and spatial variability. Different monitoring areas have significant differences in rock lithology, structure, degree of joint and fracture development, and mechanical strength. Fixed threshold methods typically use a uniform displacement rate or displacement amount threshold for identification, failing to fully consider these differences, easily leading to false alarms or missed alarms in some areas, thus reducing the accuracy and reliability of slope monitoring and early warning.
[0004] Slope instability typically manifests as a process where deformation gradually expands from local anomalies to neighboring areas, i.e., deformation gradually spreads from a point to a region. However, existing methods often lack the ability to identify the co-evolutionary characteristics of deformation at neighboring monitoring points, making it difficult to accurately reflect the evolutionary pattern of slope deformation expanding from a point to a region. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a slope monitoring and early warning method that can identify the deformation expansion process by combining the deformation relationships between monitoring points and their neighboring areas, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of open-pit mine slope monitoring and early warning. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing open-pit mine slope radar monitoring and early warning methods in terms of deformation area identification and early warning accuracy, this invention provides an open-pit mine slope radar monitoring, early warning, and deformation area identification method based on the convergence of displacement ratios in the step neighborhood. By constructing a step neighborhood, calculating the displacement ratio of monitoring points, and extracting its convergence features, the method achieves slope deformation state identification and automatic identification of potential deformation areas, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of early warning.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A radar monitoring, early warning, and deformation zone identification method for open-pit mine slopes based on the convergence of displacement ratios in the neighborhood of steps includes:
[0008] S1, obtain the current displacement of each monitoring point on the slope through the spatial coordinate radar monitoring data of the mine slope;
[0009] S2, calculate the robust Z score of the incremental displacement of each monitoring point at the current time, and perform statistical distribution. The monitoring points whose robust Z scores exceed the set anomaly discrimination threshold are recorded as candidate first deformation points G2.
[0010] S3, with each candidate first deformation point G2 as the center, perform equal-interval sampling along the preset spatial direction to obtain three spatially equidistant neighbor points G1, G3, and G4. The area defined by G1, G2, G3, and G4 is the equidistant neighborhood of the corresponding candidate first deformation point; obtain the displacement of the three spatially equidistant neighbor points at the current time.
[0011] S4. Calculate the displacement ratio between the candidate first deformation point and its three spatially equidistant neighbors and take the median value as the displacement ratio convergence index RCI. Based on the RCI value and its variation, establish a judgment criterion and divide each equidistant neighborhood into deformation stages.
[0012] S5, obtain the displacement of each monitoring point at the next moment and calculate the robust Z score of each monitoring point. In addition to the existing candidate first deformation points, determine the newly added candidate first deformation points for the remaining monitoring points according to S2; perform equal-interval sampling on the newly added candidate first deformation points according to S3 to obtain the corresponding three spatially equidistant neighbor points and equidistant neighborhoods; execute S4 to calculate the RCI value of all equidistant neighborhoods and divide the deformation stage.
[0013] S6 distinguishes equally spaced neighborhoods at different deformation stages with different colors and displays them on the slope radar image. It connects equally spaced neighborhoods that are in the same deformation stage and are spatially adjacent to form a connected domain, thus obtaining a slope deformation range map. Based on the area ratio of the deformation range, it formulates early warning conditions and performs dynamic assessment and early warning of slope stability.
[0014] Furthermore, in S1, a fixed-length time window is defined that slides backward from the current moment, and the cumulative value of the displacement at each time step within the time window is calculated as the displacement at the current moment to avoid the influence of instantaneous displacement.
[0015] Furthermore, S2 specifically involves: calculating the anomaly evaluation index for each monitoring point at the current time t. That is, the robust Z-score of the incremental displacement:
[0016] (1);
[0017] in, Let be the displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the current time t, where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N represents the total number of monitoring points. The displacement increment of all monitoring points at the current moment the median; This represents the absolute deviation of the median. It is an extremely small number.
[0018] The anomaly evaluation indicators of all monitoring points are statistically distributed, an anomaly judgment threshold is set, and the monitoring points whose anomaly evaluation indicators at time t exceed the anomaly judgment threshold are recorded as candidate early deformation points G2.
[0019] Furthermore, in S3, the equidistant sampling process is as follows: take the horizontal projection point of the spatial point located at a distance H vertically above the candidate pre-deformation point G2 on the slope as G1, and then take points on the slope that are at the same height as G1 and G2 and at a distance H as G3 and G4, respectively, and G3 and G4 are located on the same side of G1 and G2; where H is the sampling interval, which is 1 to 3 times the average spatial interval of the radar monitoring points;
[0020] Furthermore, in S4, the formula for calculating the displacement ratio between the candidate pre-deformation point and its three spatially equidistant neighboring points is as follows:
[0021] (2);
[0022] in, Let N(G2) represent the displacement of candidate first deformation point G2 at time t, where N(G2) = {G1, G3, G4}.
[0023] The formula for calculating the displacement ratio convergence index (RCI) is as follows:
[0024] (3).
[0025] Furthermore, in S4, the criteria for determining the slope deformation stage of equally spaced neighborhoods are as follows:
[0026] 1) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is higher than the RCI value at the previous moment, it is determined that the equally spaced neighborhood is in the deformation stable stage.
[0027] 2) such as The equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be in a single-point mutation stage;
[0028] 3) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is lower than the RCI value at the previous moment, it is determined that the equally spaced neighborhood is in the deformation and cooperative expansion stage.
[0029] 4) Based on the deformation and collaborative extension stage Further reduce to less than The equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be in the slippery phase.
[0030] in, and To determine the threshold parameter, The value range is 3 to 4. The value range is 1 to 2.
[0031] Furthermore, in S4, while determining the deformation stage of the equally spaced neighborhoods, it is necessary to exclude equally spaced neighborhoods with abnormal deformation:
[0032] If the RCI value remains above 3 for 6-12 hours and continues to increase during this period, the equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be an abnormal deformation region, and the equally spaced neighborhood and its corresponding G2 point are removed. Furthermore, in S6, the warning conditions are as follows:
[0033] 1) If the area in the single-point mutation stage accounts for more than 5% of the total monitored area and the duration exceeds 2 hours, the slope is determined to have entered the single-point mutation stage and a yellow warning is issued.
[0034] 2) If the area in the deformation and coordinated expansion stage accounts for more than 3% of the total area of the monitored area, or if the area of deformation range increases by more than 30% within 24 hours, the slope is determined to have entered the deformation and coordinated expansion stage, and an orange warning is issued.
[0035] 3) If the area in the landslide-prone stage accounts for more than 1% of the total monitored area, or if the landslide-prone area continues to expand within 12 hours, the slope is judged to have a landslide risk and a red landslide warning is issued.
[0036] When multiple warning conditions are met simultaneously, the highest warning level will be used as the final warning result.
[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0038] (1) Improve the accuracy of slope monitoring and early warning.
[0039] This invention constructs a step neighborhood relationship and calculates the displacement ratio between the monitoring point and its neighboring points. It uses the convergence characteristics of the displacement ratio to identify the slope deformation evolution process. Compared with the traditional single-point displacement rate threshold method, it can more realistically reflect the overall deformation characteristics of the slope, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning.
[0040] (2) Reduce false alarms caused by disturbances such as blasting and rainfall.
[0041] Since this invention identifies the deformation coordination relationship between neighboring monitoring points, when external disturbances such as blasting vibration or short-term rainfall occur, the displacement of the monitoring points usually shows a near synchronous increase, with no obvious candidate deformation points, thus avoiding false alarms and effectively reducing the probability of false alarms.
[0042] (3) Achieve automatic identification of potential deformation areas.
[0043] This invention performs regional growth analysis on monitoring points that meet the displacement ratio convergence characteristics, which can automatically identify and delineate potential deformation areas, realizing the transformation from single-point anomaly identification to regional deformation identification and improving the reliability of slope deformation identification.
[0044] (4) Applicable to automated analysis of large-scale radar monitoring data.
[0045] The method of this invention automatically calculates the displacement ratio and its convergence characteristics based on radar monitoring data, without the need for manually setting complex threshold parameters. It can realize the automatic processing of large-scale monitoring point data and has good engineering application value.
[0046] (5) It can reflect the evolution process of slope deformation from point to area.
[0047] This invention analyzes the changing patterns of the displacement ratio in the neighborhood of monitoring points to identify the development process of slope deformation from local anomalies to the neighborhood, thus providing a more reliable criterion for early warning of slope instability. Attached Figure Description
[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the location of a group of four points in a spatial neighborhood.
[0049] Figure 2 The graph shows the displacement of points G1, G2, G3, and G4 over time.
[0050] Figure 3 The graph shows the ratio of the displacement of the candidate first deformation point to its three spatially equidistant neighboring points over time.
[0051] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the convergence exponent of the ratio over time.
[0052] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the range of slope deformation. Detailed Implementation
[0053] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments.
[0054] Example 1
[0055] This embodiment uses historical spatial coordinate radar monitoring data from a slope instability accident at the Fushun West Open-pit Mine, and further illustrates the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. This embodiment provides a method for radar monitoring, early warning, and deformation area identification of open-pit mine slopes based on the convergence of the displacement ratio of the step neighborhood, including:
[0056] Step 1: Obtain the current displacement of the slope monitoring points;
[0057] By using radar monitoring data of the spatial coordinates of the mine slope, the displacement of each monitoring point on the slope at the current moment is obtained; a fixed-length time window is defined to slide backward from the current moment t, and the cumulative value of the displacement at each time step within the time window is calculated as the displacement at the current moment to avoid the influence of instantaneous displacement.
[0058] Step 2: Identify candidate points to be deformed first;
[0059] Calculate the anomaly evaluation index for each monitoring point at the current time t. That is, the robust Z-score of the incremental displacement:
[0060] (1);
[0061] in, Let be the displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the current time t, where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N represents the total number of monitoring points. The displacement increment of all monitoring points at the current moment the median; The median absolute deviation is used to measure the degree of dispersion of the data. It is a very small number used to prevent the denominator from being zero.
[0062] The anomaly evaluation indicators of all monitoring points are statistically distributed, and an anomaly judgment threshold is set. The anomaly judgment threshold is preferably set to the 95th percentile. The monitoring points whose anomaly evaluation indicators at time t exceed the anomaly judgment threshold are recorded as candidate early deformation points, denoted as G2.
[0063] Step 3: Construct equally spaced neighborhoods;
[0064] For each candidate pre-deformation point G2, with that point as the center, perform equidistant sampling along a preset spatial direction to obtain three spatially equidistant neighboring points G1, G3, and G4 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the adjacent distances between G1 and G2, G2 and G4, G1 and G3, and G4 and G3 are the same, thereby constructing a spatial neighborhood four-point group consisting of G2 and three spatially equidistant neighboring points. The area defined by the spatial neighborhood four-point group is the equidistant neighborhood of the corresponding candidate first deformation point. The equidistant sampling process is as follows: take the horizontal projection point of the spatial point at a distance H vertically above the candidate first deformation point G2 on the slope as G1, and then take the points on the slope at the same height as G1 and G2 and at a distance H as G3 and G4, respectively, and G3 and G4 are located on the same side of G1 and G2. Here, H is the sampling interval, which is 1 to 3 times the average spatial interval of the radar monitoring points, so as to ensure that the constructed equidistant neighborhood can reflect the local deformation characteristics and avoid the neighborhood range being too large to reduce the recognition accuracy.
[0065] Perform step one to obtain the displacement of three spatially equidistant neighboring points at time t. The displacement of the four spatially neighboring points as a function of time is shown in the curve. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, during the deformation process, G2 begins to deform first, followed by G4, G1, and G3. Before the slope completely fails, the displacements of G1, G3, and G4 are always less than the displacement of G2. After failure, the displacements of G1 and G3 are greater than the displacement of G2. Therefore, by analyzing the displacement linkage between G2 and the other three points, the deformation stage of the slope can be determined.
[0066] Step 4: Construct the displacement ratio convergence index and deformation stage judgment criteria;
[0067] To more clearly describe the coordinated displacement process of four spatially adjacent points during slope failure, we first define the displacement ratio between the candidate pre-deformed point and its three spatially equidistant neighbors:
[0068] (2);
[0069] in, Let G2 represent the displacement of the candidate first deformable point G2 at time t, and let N(G2) represent the set of spatially equidistant neighboring points of the candidate first deformable point G2, i.e., N(G2) = {G1, G3, G4}.
[0070] In this embodiment, based on historical monitoring data of the slope instability accident at the Fushun West Open-pit Mine, displacement ratio curves of G2 and three spatially equidistant neighboring points are plotted, as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the displacement ratio first increases, then decreases rapidly and converges. This means that there is a time difference between the deformation initiation time of G2 and the other three spatially equidistant neighboring points. That is, the sudden increase in the displacement of G2 causes the displacement change of the other three spatially equidistant neighboring points. If the sudden increase in the displacement of G2 does not cause the displacement change of the other three spatially equidistant neighboring points, the displacement ratio curve will not show a sharp downward trend. Therefore, the sudden increase-sudden decrease characteristic of the displacement ratio can be used as a feature to judge the abnormal deformation of the slope.
[0071] Convergence index of displacement ratio (RCI):
[0072] (3);
[0073] In this embodiment, the RCI curve over time is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.
[0074] Based on the development process of slope deformation, its evolution can be divided into four stages: the stable deformation stage, the single-point abrupt change stage, the coordinated deformation expansion stage, and the near-slip stage. A criterion for determining the slope deformation stage of equally spaced neighborhoods is established.
[0075] 1) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is higher than the RCI value at the previous moment, it indicates that the displacement increments of G2 and the spatially equidistant neighboring points are discrete and no obvious cooperative deformation relationship is formed between the points. Therefore, it is determined that the equidistant neighborhood is in the deformation stable stage.
[0076] 2) such as If the displacement of G2 suddenly increases, but the spatially equidistant neighboring points have not yet undergone synchronous deformation or the spatially equidistant neighboring points have a large difference in displacement from G2, then the equidistant neighborhood is determined to be in a single-point sudden change stage.
[0077] 3) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is lower than the RCI value at the previous moment, it indicates that the displacement of the spatially equidistant neighboring points gradually becomes consistent with G2, and the deformation expands from a single point to the neighborhood. Therefore, it is determined that the equidistant neighborhood is in the stage of deformation co-expansion.
[0078] 4) Based on the deformation and collaborative extension stage Further reduce to less than If the spatially equidistant neighboring points and G2 exhibit coordinated accelerated deformation, and the overall motion trend of the sliding body is obvious, then the equidistant neighborhood is determined to be in the pre-sliding stage.
[0079] in, and To determine the threshold parameter, The value range is 3 to 4. The value ranges from 1 to 2, and the specific value is determined based on the lithological conditions of different open-pit mine slopes and the required monitoring accuracy. Specifically, in this embodiment... , .
[0080] When determining the deformation stage of equally spaced neighborhoods, it is necessary to exclude equally spaced neighborhoods with abnormal deformation.
[0081] If the RCI value remains above 3 for 6-12 hours and continues to increase during this period, it indicates that only the G2 displacement increases sharply within the equally spaced neighborhood, while the other three equally spaced neighboring points do not show synchronous deformation. Therefore, the equally spaced neighborhood is judged to be an abnormal deformation area, and the equally spaced neighborhood and its corresponding G2 point are removed.
[0082] Step 5: Time-series update and dynamic determination of deformation stage.
[0083] Obtain the displacement of each monitoring point at the next time t+1; calculate the anomaly evaluation index of each monitoring point at time t+1 according to formula (1). In addition to the existing candidate first deformation points, the anomaly evaluation index of the remaining monitoring points is statistically distributed, and the monitoring points that exceed the anomaly discrimination threshold are also recorded as candidate first deformation points; the newly added candidate first deformation points are sampled at equal intervals according to step three to obtain three spatially equidistant neighboring points and equidistant neighborhoods; step four is executed to calculate the RCI value of all equidistant neighborhoods and divide the deformation stage.
[0084] Step 6: Delineate the deformation area, generate a slope deformation range map, and issue an early warning.
[0085] The deformation stages of all equally spaced neighborhoods in the slope at the current moment are distinguished by different colors and reflected on the slope radar image; equally spaced neighborhoods that are in the same deformation stage and are spatially adjacent are connected to form a connected domain, resulting in a slope deformation range map, such as... Figure 5As shown; for example, the stable deformation stage is represented by blue, the single-point abrupt change stage by yellow, the coordinated deformation expansion stage by orange, and the near-slip stage by red; at the next moment, the slope deformation range map is updated according to the deformation stages divided by all equally spaced neighborhoods, thereby obtaining a dynamic change map of the slope deformation range over time. Based on the area ratio of the deformation range, the following early warning conditions are formulated to dynamically assess and warn of slope stability:
[0086] (1) When the area in the single-point mutation stage in the slope deformation range map accounts for more than 5% of the total area of the monitored area and the duration exceeds 2 hours, the slope is judged to have entered the single-point mutation stage and a yellow warning is issued.
[0087] (2) When the area in the deformation range map of the slope is in the deformation co-extension stage and accounts for more than 3% of the total area of the monitored area, or when the deformation range area increases by more than 30% within 24 hours, the slope is judged to have entered the deformation co-extension stage and an orange warning is issued.
[0088] (3) When the area in the pre-slip stage on the slope deformation range map accounts for more than 1% of the total area of the monitored area, or when the pre-slip stage area continues to expand within 12 hours, the slope is judged to have a landslide risk and a red pre-slip warning is issued.
[0089] When multiple warning conditions are met simultaneously, the highest warning level will be used as the final warning result.
[0090] The method of this invention was applied to the Fushun West Open-pit Mine, and its early warning results were compared with historical monitoring data of slope instability accidents. The results showed that the slope deformation stage determined by the method of this invention was basically consistent with the actual deformation stage of the slope instability accident in Fushun West Open-pit Mine, and timely and accurate early warning could be achieved.
[0091] To verify the universality and reliability of the method of this invention, radar monitoring data of slopes from the Yanshan Open-pit Mine in Hebei Province and the Nanfen Open-pit Mine in Benxi City, under different geological conditions, were selected for comparative verification. The verification results show that under different mine slope conditions, RCI changes can effectively characterize the development trend of deformation from local abrupt changes to spatial coordinated expansion; by selecting appropriate judgment threshold parameters... , This can generate an accurate dynamic change map of slope deformation range, and enable effective identification and graded early warning of slope deformation stages based on early warning conditions.
[0092] Therefore, the method proposed in this invention has good applicability and stability under different lithological conditions, different structural characteristics and different monitoring accuracy conditions, and the constructed RCI index and its threshold criteria have engineering adaptability for cross-mining area applications.
[0093] The above description represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for radar monitoring, early warning, and deformation area identification of open-pit mine slopes based on the convergence of displacement ratios in the neighborhood of steps, characterized in that, include: S1, obtain the current displacement of each monitoring point on the slope through the spatial coordinate radar monitoring data of the mine slope; S2, calculate the robust Z score of the incremental displacement of each monitoring point at the current time, and perform statistical distribution. The monitoring points whose robust Z scores exceed the set anomaly discrimination threshold are recorded as candidate first deformation points G2. S3, with each candidate first deformation point G2 as the center, perform equal-interval sampling along the preset spatial direction to obtain three spatially equidistant neighbor points G1, G3, and G4. The area defined by G1, G2, G3, and G4 is the equidistant neighborhood of the corresponding candidate first deformation point; obtain the displacement of the three spatially equidistant neighbor points at the current time. S4. Calculate the displacement ratio between the candidate first deformation point and its three spatially equidistant neighbors and take the median value as the displacement ratio convergence index RCI. Based on the RCI value and its variation, establish the criteria for determining the slope deformation stage of the equidistant neighborhood and divide each equidistant neighborhood into deformation stages. S5, obtain the displacement of each monitoring point at the next moment and calculate the robust Z score of each monitoring point. In addition to the existing candidate first deformation points, determine the newly added candidate first deformation points for the remaining monitoring points according to S2; perform equal-interval sampling on the newly added candidate first deformation points according to S3 to obtain the corresponding three spatially equidistant neighbor points and equidistant neighborhoods; execute S4 to calculate the RCI value of all equidistant neighborhoods and divide the deformation stage. S6 distinguishes different deformation stages with different colors and reflects them on the slope radar image. It connects equally spaced neighborhoods that are in the same deformation stage to form a connected domain, thus obtaining a slope deformation range map. Based on the area ratio of the deformation range, it formulates early warning conditions and performs dynamic assessment and early warning of slope stability.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, a fixed-length time window is defined that slides backward from the current moment, and the cumulative value of the displacement at each time step within the time window is calculated as the displacement at the current moment.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S2 involves calculating the anomaly evaluation index for each monitoring point at the current time t. That is, the robust Z-score of the incremental displacement: （1）； in, Let be the displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the current time t, where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N represents the total number of monitoring points. The displacement increment of all monitoring points at the current moment the median; This represents the absolute deviation of the median. It is an extremely small number; The anomaly evaluation indicators of all monitoring points are statistically distributed, an anomaly judgment threshold is set, and the monitoring points whose anomaly evaluation indicators at time t exceed the anomaly judgment threshold are recorded as candidate early deformation points G2.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the equal-interval sampling process is as follows: take the horizontal projection point of the spatial point at a distance H vertically above the candidate pre-deformation point G2 on the slope as G1, and then take the points on the slope that are at the same height as G1 and G2 and at a distance of H as G3 and G4, respectively, and G3 and G4 are located on the same side of G1 and G2; where H is the sampling interval.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, H is taken as 1 to 3 times the average spatial spacing of radar monitoring points.
6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S4, the formula for calculating the displacement ratio between the candidate pre-deformation point and its three spatially equidistant neighbors is as follows: （2）； in, Let N(G2) represent the displacement of candidate first deformation point G2 at time t, where N(G2) = {G1, G3, G4}. The formula for calculating the displacement ratio convergence index (RCI) is as follows: （3）。 7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, In S4, the criteria for determining the slope deformation stage of equally spaced neighborhoods are as follows: 1) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is higher than the RCI value at the previous moment, it is determined that the equally spaced neighborhood is in the deformation stable stage. 2) such as The equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be in a single-point mutation stage; 3) such as If the RCI value at the current moment is lower than the RCI value at the previous moment, it is determined that the equally spaced neighborhood is in the deformation and cooperative expansion stage. 4) Based on the deformation and collaborative extension stage Further reduce to less than The equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be in the slippery phase. in, and The threshold parameter is used for determination.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The value range is 3 to 4. The value range is 1 to 2.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, In step S4, while determining the deformation stage of equally spaced neighborhoods, it is necessary to exclude equally spaced neighborhoods with abnormal deformation. If the RCI value remains above 3 for 6-12 hours and continues to increase during this period, the equally spaced neighborhood is determined to be an abnormal deformation region, and the equally spaced neighborhood and its corresponding G2 point are removed.
10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the warning conditions are as follows: 1) When the area in the single-point mutation stage accounts for more than 5% of the total monitored area and the duration exceeds 2 hours, the slope is judged to have entered the single-point mutation stage and a yellow warning is issued. 2) When the area in the deformation and coordinated expansion stage accounts for more than 3% of the total area of the monitored area, or when the area of deformation range increases by more than 30% within 24 hours, the slope is judged to have entered the deformation and coordinated expansion stage, and an orange warning is issued. 3) When the area in the landslide-prone stage accounts for more than 1% of the total area of the monitored area, or when the landslide-prone stage area continues to expand within 12 hours, the slope is judged to have a landslide risk and a red landslide warning is issued. When multiple warning conditions are met simultaneously, the highest warning level will be used as the final warning result.