High-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal method, system and device based on supergravity tannin extract technology

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a system and a device for efficiently removing hydrogen sulfide based on a supergravity tannin extract technology. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring state parameters of a supergravity desulfurization system; according to the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system, determining the PID adjusting quantity of the control parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system; according to a preset rule base, determining a correction value of the PID adjusting quantity of the control parameter; and generating a control instruction according to the PID adjusting quantity of the control parameter and the correction value of the PID adjusting quantity of the control parameter. According to the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, intelligent, precise and stable operation of the supergravity desulfurization system is realized, the defects of hysteresis quality, poor adaptability and the like of traditional control are effectively overcome, and energy consumption and operation cost are reduced while efficient removal of HS is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial waste gas treatment technology, and in particular to a method, system and apparatus for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology. Background Technology

[0002] Producer gas is a clean secondary energy source produced from coal. In the alumina plant, it is supplied from the gas workshop to the roasting section for roasting alumina (Al2O3). Its main components are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen (N2), with small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is a typical toxic industrial waste gas that severely affects the calorific value of the gas, and the sulfur dioxide (SO2) generated during combustion is a major pollutant contributing to acid rain.

[0003] Currently, the main desulfurization methods used in alumina plants are tannin extraction (chemical oxidation) and gravity desulfurization. However, traditional desulfurization towers are inefficient, have poor selectivity, high energy consumption, and unstable operation. The gravity desulfurization control system is not intelligent enough and cannot automatically adjust operating parameters according to changes in operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, system, and apparatus for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology, which realizes intelligent, precise, and stable operation of the supergravity desulfurization system, effectively solving the defects of traditional control such as lag and poor adaptability, and reducing energy consumption and operating costs while ensuring efficient removal of H2S.

[0005] This invention provides a method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology, comprising the following steps.

[0006] Obtain the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system; Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system, determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system; Based on a preset rule base, determine the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter; Control commands are generated based on the PID adjustment value of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment value of the control parameters.

[0007] According to the present invention, a method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology is provided, wherein determining the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system includes: Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system and the preset target value of the outlet concentration of the supergravity desulfurization system, the outlet concentration error value and the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value of the supergravity desulfurization system are determined. Based on the outlet concentration error value, the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value, and the PID algorithm of the supergravity desulfurization system, the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter is determined.

[0008] According to the present invention, a method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology is provided, wherein the PID adjustment of the control parameter includes at least one of the following: The PID control of the desulfurizing agent flow rate and the PID control of the rotation speed of the ultra-gravity desulfurization system.

[0009] According to the present invention, a method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology is provided, wherein the preset rule base includes: If the outlet concentration error value of the supergravity desulfurization system is greater than the first threshold and the rate of change of the error value is greater than the second threshold, the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameter is increased.

[0010] According to the present invention, a method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology is provided, wherein the preset rule base includes: If the inlet concentration in the state parameters is greater than the third threshold, the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameters is increased.

[0011] The present invention also provides a supergravity desulfurization system, comprising: The liquid distributor, rotor, and packing layer are used to deliver liquid to the packing layer; the rotor is used to increase the gas-liquid contact area through high-speed rotation; and the packing layer is made of porous metal wire mesh or ceramic material.

[0012] This invention also provides a highly efficient hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology, comprising the following modules: The acquisition module is used to acquire the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system; The first determining module is used to determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system. The second determining module is used to determine the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter according to a preset rule base; The control module is used to generate control commands based on the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology as described above.

[0014] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology as described above.

[0015] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology as described above.

[0016] The present invention provides a method, system, and apparatus for efficient hydrogen sulfide removal based on supergravity tannin technology. Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system, the PID control parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system are determined, and the PID control parameters are corrected using a preset rule base. This achieves intelligent, precise, and stable operation of the supergravity desulfurization system, effectively solving the defects of traditional control such as lag and poor adaptability. While ensuring efficient H2S removal, it reduces energy consumption and operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultragravity desulfurization system provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the counter-current supergravity reactor provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal system based on supergravity tannin technology provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a framework diagram of the automated system for ultragravity desulfurization provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] The following is combined Figures 1-7 This invention describes a method, system, and apparatus for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology.

[0027] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application, some technical content related to the various embodiments of this application will be introduced first.

[0028] Producer gas is a clean secondary energy source produced from coal. In alumina plants, it is supplied from the gas workshop to the roasting section for the roasting of alumina (Al2O3). Its main components are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen (N2), with small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is a typical toxic industrial waste gas that severely affects the calorific value of the gas, and the sulfur dioxide (SO2) generated during combustion is a major pollutant contributing to acid rain. Furthermore, H2S dissolves in water vapor in pipelines and ionizes, becoming weakly acidic, which can corrode equipment and pipelines, significantly increasing investment and operating costs. Simultaneously, H2S is a colorless, toxic gas with a distinctive rotten egg odor, seriously endangering human health. Prolonged exposure to environments containing H2S, even at low concentrations (~10 ppm), can cause neurasthenia or chronic respiratory symptoms. Therefore, removing H2S from producer gas is an essential operation for alumina plants to ensure gas supply.

[0029] Currently, the main desulfurization method used in alumina plants is the tannin method (chemical oxidation method). The desulfurization solution mainly consists of tannin, sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). This method is widely used in my country due to its high sulfur recovery efficiency, stable process, few side reactions, absence of tower blockage, low corrosiveness to equipment, abundant and inexpensive raw materials, and low operating costs. The main desulfurization mechanism involves countercurrent contact between the desulfurization solution and coal gas in the desulfurization tower. H2S reacts to form NaHS, and the rich solution enters the rich solution tank at the bottom of the tower. Here, V5+ oxidizes NaHS to elemental sulfur and is reduced to V4+. The rich solution is then pumped into the regeneration tank and regenerated with air, where V4+ is oxidized back to V5+ by oxygen, simultaneously generating hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur particles in the solution agglomerate on the liquid surface through air bubbling, forming sulfur foam. This sulfur foam is then separated by flotation, producing sulfur as a byproduct.

[0030] However, the packed or plate absorbers used in the traditional tannin method have many problems that urgently need improvement. Traditional desulfurization absorbers are bulky, have long gas-liquid contact times, huge desulfurization liquid circulation volumes, and a small gas / liquid ratio of only about 30. These characteristics lead to the removal of carbon dioxide (3%-7%) from the producer gas, which has similar physicochemical properties to H2S, along with H2S. The large amount of CO2 absorption affects the H2S mass transfer process, especially in absorbers with poor micro-mixing, where the CO2 absorption process significantly hinders the H2S absorption process. A large amount of H2S and its reaction products are enriched on the surface of the liquid film and cannot be rapidly transferred. The concentration gradient of the active components in the bulk liquid phase diffusing to the surface of the liquid film is small, and the supply of desulfurization active components is insufficient, resulting in a rapid decrease in the macroscopic dynamic reaction rate. On the other hand, since the reaction rate of the CO2 absorption process is relatively slow, the micro-mixing in the absorption tower has a smaller impact on it than the H2S absorption process. This severely weakens the selectivity of the removal process for H2S, resulting in a large amount of gas-liquid surface area in the packed tower actually being used for CO2 absorption.

[0031] Furthermore, the traditional tannin-based process suffers from low sulfur capacity and unstable mass transfer efficiency. While the absorbent used in the traditional tannin-based process is economical and practical, its sulfur loading capacity is low. Therefore, under traditional equipment conditions, the absorption of large amounts of CO2 exacerbates the inhibition of H2S absorption. The liquid needs to be lifted to a height of nearly 30 meters, and the packing material is dense polypropylene, resulting in a large gas pressure drop in the bed. This causes the gas-liquid contact method to be heavily dependent on initial operating conditions. When the gas-liquid volume is large, the distribution can be uniform; however, when the gas-liquid volume fluctuates, short-circuiting between the liquid and gas occurs, leading to inconsistent desulfurization performance and unstable operation.

[0032] In recent years, hypergravity technology has been introduced into the field of gas purification. By generating a hypergravity environment through rotation, it overcomes the limitations of the gravitational field restricting traditional mass transfer equipment. Rotating packed bed (RPB, also known as a hypergravity machine) is a novel process intensification device. The centrifugal force field generated by high-speed rotation stretches the liquid into tiny units (liquid films, filaments, and droplets), increasing the mass transfer surface area and improving mass transfer capacity. Compared to ordinary tower-type equipment, the mass transfer units in a hypergravity machine are tens of times smaller, as low as 1-2 cm, and the mass transfer and micromixing efficiencies are 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those of traditional packed beds.

[0033] However, existing centrifugal desulfurization technologies still have some shortcomings, such as insufficient intelligence in the control system, which cannot automatically adjust operating parameters according to changes in working conditions; low efficiency of the desulfurization rich liquor regeneration method; and insufficient integration of the desulfurization system. In particular, the centrifugal desulfurization process is a complex multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, involving the interaction of multiple parameters such as gas-liquid flow rate, rotational speed, temperature, pressure, and concentration. Traditional PID control is insufficient to achieve precise and robust control. Therefore, developing an efficient, intelligent, and integrated centrifugal desulfurization process and system, especially introducing advanced control strategies to address its MIMO characteristics, is of great significance for improving desulfurization efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing environmental pollution.

[0034] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following: Step 101: Obtain the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system are first obtained. Optionally, dynamic parameters within the hypergravity reactor can be acquired in real time based on sensors, including but not limited to the following state parameters: (a) Rotary speed of the packed bed (e.g., 200-900 rpm); (b) Gas-liquid flow rate ratio (e.g., 60-76.9); (c) Hydrogen sulfide inlet concentration (e.g., 100-1500 ppm); (d) Hydrogen sulfide outlet concentration (used to calculate outlet concentration error, target value for example ≤20 mg / m³, allowable error ±5 mg / m³); (e) System temperature (e.g., 30-50°C); (f) System pressure (e.g., 0.1-1.0 MPa); (g) Target outlet concentration setting.

[0036] Step 102: Based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system, determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system.

[0037] Specifically, after obtaining the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system, the embodiments of this application can determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system based on the PID algorithm. The PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithm is a closed-loop control algorithm that combines the adjustment effects of the proportional, integral, and derivative components to achieve precise control of the controlled object. Its core is to dynamically adjust the control quantity based on the system's "error" and "error change trend," dynamically calculating the adjustment amounts of the desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotational speed to control the hypergravity desulfurization system, reduce errors, and stabilize the system in the target state, achieving efficient and stable desulfurization.

[0038] Step 103: Determine the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameters according to the preset rule base.

[0039] Specifically, the supergravity desulfurization system is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, involving the interaction of multiple parameters such as gas-liquid flow rate, rotational speed, and concentration. PID control alone is insufficient to handle the interference caused by variable coupling. This application's preset rule base, based on expert experience and experimental data, solidifies the adjustment logic under complex operating conditions into explicit rules. By modifying the PID control parameters, the control strategy better aligns with the actual operating patterns of the system, reducing the impact of parameter coupling on the desulfurization effect and improving the system's stability and reliability under complex operating conditions.

[0040] Step 104: Generate control commands based on the PID adjustment value of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment value of the control parameters.

[0041] Specifically, the method in the above embodiments determines the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system, and corrects the PID adjustment amount through a preset rule base. This effectively makes up for the limitations of traditional control methods in complex and dynamic systems, enabling the ultragravity desulfurization system to have stronger adaptability, stability and intelligence, and ultimately achieve efficient and stable H2S removal effect.

[0042] The method described in the above embodiments determines the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system, and corrects the PID adjustment amount through a preset rule base, thereby realizing the intelligent, precise and stable operation of the ultragravity desulfurization system. It effectively solves the defects of traditional control such as lag and poor adaptability, and reduces energy consumption and operating costs while ensuring efficient H2S removal.

[0043] In some embodiments, determining the PID adjustment of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system includes: Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system and the preset target value of the outlet concentration of the supergravity desulfurization system, the outlet concentration error value and the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value of the supergravity desulfurization system are determined. Based on the outlet concentration error value, the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value, and the PID algorithm of the ultragravity desulfurization system, the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters is determined.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the PID algorithm is used to calculate the adjustment amount of control parameters such as desulfurizer flow rate and rotating packed bed speed. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Determine the error and the rate of change of error. First, based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system (such as the outlet H2S concentration) and the preset outlet concentration target value, the error of the core control target is calculated. and error change rate Optionally, other auxiliary errors, such as pressure error e, may be introduced as needed. p (t), temperature error e T (t) etc.

[0045] (2) Calculate the adjustment amount based on the PID algorithm For control parameters such as desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotating packed bed speed, independent PID calculation loops are set up. The aforementioned errors and error change rates are used as inputs, and the adjustment amount of each control parameter is calculated using PID formulas. For example, the PID output of the desulfurizer flow rate. PID output of rotational speed : Where K p1 ,K i1 ,K d1 ,K p2 ,K i2 ,K d2 , where represents the parameters of each PID loop.

[0046] It should be noted that the control quantity u(t) of the PID controller consists of three parts: proportional control, integral control, and derivative control. The controller's output formula is: Kp, Ki, and Kd are the proportional, integral, and derivative gain coefficients, respectively. Kp reflects the controller's response strength to the current deviation; Ki determines the rate of elimination of steady-state error; and Kd reflects the controller's ability to predict and suppress dynamic changes in the system. The proportional term is the core driving force of the controller, providing control action proportional to the current system error e(t). Kp determines the sensitivity of the controller output to the current error. The integral term's main mission is to eliminate the system's steady-state error. It accumulates historical errors over time; as long as a non-zero error exists, the integral term will continuously increase or decrease until the error is completely eliminated. The derivative term has predictive and damping effects. It responds to the trend of error change (i.e., the rate of change of error), rather than the magnitude of the error itself, thus enabling it to "predict" the future direction of the error and apply control in advance. For discrete systems, the control law can be expressed as: The above calculations yield the PID adjustment values ​​for control parameters such as desulfurizer flow rate and rotation speed, providing a basis for generating the final control command by combining the rule base correction values.

[0047] The method described in the above embodiments uses a PID algorithm to respond in real time to the deviation between the outlet H2S concentration and the target value, as well as the trend of the deviation. It dynamically calculates the adjustment amount of the desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotation speed to achieve basic control of the ultragravity desulfurization system. Combined with the correction of the preset rule base, it finally achieves efficient and stable desulfurization effect.

[0048] In some embodiments, the PID adjustment of the control parameter includes at least one of the following: The PID control of the desulfurizing agent flow rate and the PID control of the rotation speed of the ultra-gravity desulfurization system.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the desulfurizing agent flow rate and the rotation speed of the hypergravity system are used as adjustment targets to precisely control desulfurization and improve removal efficiency. Optionally, the desulfurizing agent flow rate directly determines the amount of active material supplied to react with H2S; insufficient flow rate leads to incomplete reaction, while excessive flow rate results in waste. The centrifugal force generated by the rotor rotation determines the gas-liquid contact area and mass transfer efficiency. PID control parameters are designed for these two core parameters to achieve precise control, ensuring that H2S is fully absorbed and improving removal efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, the high-gravity desulfurization system is a complex system with multiple coupled variables, where parameters such as gas-liquid flow rate and rotational speed influence each other. The desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotational speed are the most sensitive parameters affecting system performance: when the inlet H2S concentration increases, the desulfurizing agent flow rate can be increased through PID control to enhance reaction capacity; when mass transfer efficiency is insufficient, the rotational speed can be adjusted to increase centrifugal force, refine the liquid film, and increase the gas-liquid contact area. The coordinated regulation of these two parameters allows for rapid response to fluctuations in operating conditions (such as changes in inlet concentration and gas-liquid ratio).

[0051] The method described in the above embodiment selects the desulfurizing agent flow rate and the rotation speed of the hypergravity system as PID control variables, accurately identifying the core influencing factors of hypergravity desulfurization. Through quantitative adjustment and coordinated control, it achieves a comprehensive improvement in desulfurization efficiency, operating condition adaptability, economy, and stability, effectively compensating for the limitations of traditional desulfurization control.

[0052] In some embodiments, the preset rule base includes: If the outlet concentration error of the supergravity desulfurization system is greater than the first threshold and the rate of change of the error is greater than the second threshold, increase the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameter.

[0053] Specifically, when the outlet concentration error value exceeds the first threshold, it indicates that the actual outlet H2S concentration has significantly deviated from the target value; and when the error change rate exceeds the second threshold, it indicates that the deviation is rapidly intensifying and worsening, such as when the outlet concentration exceeds the standard and continues to rise. At this point, this application increases the correction value of the PID control through a rule base, which can specifically strengthen the control, such as further increasing the desulfurizing agent flow rate or increasing the rotation speed of the hypergravity system, quickly offsetting the trend of concentration deterioration, and driving core parameters such as desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotation speed to adjust more quickly towards "enhanced desulfurization," prompting the outlet concentration to fall back to the target range as soon as possible, reducing the risk of exceeding the standard, and ensuring the stability and compliance of the desulfurization effect. Compared to the potential lag in traditional PID control, this rule can increase the control amplitude in advance, avoiding error accumulation that could lead to uncontrolled desulfurization, thereby achieving rapid response to extreme operating conditions and effectively suppressing the deterioration of H2S concentration.

[0054] Furthermore, the high-gravity desulfurization system is a complex system with multiple inputs and outputs, susceptible to interference from factors such as inlet concentration fluctuations and gas-liquid ratio changes. When both the outlet concentration error and the rate of change exceed the threshold, the rule base actively increases the correction value to ensure stable operation of the system under extreme conditions. This avoids the problem of insufficient adjustment leading to concentration runaway in traditional control, effectively guaranteeing the stability of desulfurization performance and reducing environmental risks. It should be noted that this application can also adjust the correction value of the PID control parameter based on the membership degree in the preset rule base. For example, the error rate of change can be divided into three levels: "small," "medium," and "large." Specifically, when the error rate of change is ≤1%, the membership degree is small, meaning the deviation trend is stable with no risk of deterioration; when 1% < error rate of change is ≤3%, the membership degree is medium, meaning the deviation deteriorates slowly and requires minor correction; and when the error rate of change is >3%, the membership degree is large, meaning the deviation deteriorates rapidly and requires urgent correction.

[0055] The method described in the above embodiments effectively improves the dynamic response speed, anti-interference ability, and operational stability of the ultragravity desulfurization system by identifying extreme operating conditions such as "rapid deterioration of outlet concentration" and proactively increasing the correction value to specifically strengthen the adjustment under extreme operating conditions. At the same time, it enhances the intelligence level of the system and realizes automated response to complex operating conditions, providing a key guarantee for efficient and stable removal of H2S.

[0056] In some embodiments, the preset rule base includes: If the inlet concentration in the state parameters is greater than the third threshold, increase the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameters.

[0057] Specifically, when the inlet H2S concentration exceeds the third threshold, it means that the total amount of H2S entering the system has increased significantly. If only conventional PID control is used, the outlet concentration may deteriorate due to response lag. This application proactively increases the correction value through a rule base, which can strengthen the control in advance, such as increasing the desulfurizer flow rate to improve reaction capacity or increasing the rotor speed to enhance gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. This addresses the pressure brought by high-concentration inlet gas from the source and prevents H2S from accumulating in the system and causing the outlet concentration to exceed the standard.

[0058] In other words, the high-gravity desulfurization system needs to cope with dynamic disturbances in the inlet gas concentration. Traditional control methods are prone to "insufficient adjustment" when the inlet concentration increases sharply, leading to fluctuations in the desulfurization effect. This application identifies high inlet concentration conditions and actively amplifies the PID control parameters, such as the adjustment range of desulfurizing agent flow rate and rotation speed, through a rule base. This enables the system to quickly match changes in the inlet gas load, avoiding problems such as insufficient gas-liquid contact and incomplete reaction caused by concentration fluctuations, and ensuring the stability of the desulfurization effect.

[0059] For example, in the embodiments of this application, errors are received through a fuzzy controller. Error change rate In addition, other relevant system state parameters (such as inlet concentration Cin, gas-liquid flow rate ratio, etc.) are considered. Based on a preset fuzzy rule base (e.g., "If the outlet concentration error is large and increases positively, then significantly increase the speed correction"; "If the inlet concentration is high, then increase the desulfurizer flow rate baseline value"), the correction amount for the PID output is calculated through fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification processes. and The fuzzy rule base and membership function are set based on expert experience and experimental data.

[0060] Then, the PID calculation results are combined with the correction values ​​from the fuzzy supervisor to generate the final control command: in The corresponding optimized desulfurizer flow rate (e.g., 0.5-20.0 m³ / h). This corresponds to the optimized rotational speed (e.g., 300-900 rpm). This model can be integrated into a multi-layer neural network, where the weights can be optimized using methods such as genetic algorithms.

[0061] The generated control commands are regulated by the actuator: (a) Adjust the metering pump to control the desulfurizing agent flow rate. (b) Adjust the variable frequency motor to control the rotational speed of the rotating packing bed. (c) The pneumatic regulating valve can be adjusted as needed to adjust the gas flow rate to help maintain the target gas-liquid ratio (e.g., 60-76.9); (d) The defoamer dosage ratio can be automatically adjusted according to the system foam situation (e.g., 5-50 ppm). Key performance indicators of the system, such as the sulfur capacity of the desulfurization liquid (e.g., 0.5-0.8 g / L) and sulfur separation efficiency (e.g., ≥95%), are monitored synchronously in real time. Based on the real-time feedback of the outlet H2S concentration from the ultraviolet spectrometer, the control parameters are dynamically adjusted to form a closed-loop regulation, ensuring that the outlet H2S concentration remains stable at the target value (e.g., ≤20 mg / m³) and the fluctuation range is controlled within the allowable range (e.g., ±5 mg / m³).

[0062] The method described in the above embodiments, by strengthening the adjustment under high inlet concentration conditions, achieves early response and precise matching to changes in intake load, effectively enhancing the stability, adaptability, and economy of the system.

[0063] In some embodiments, the desulfurizing agent is tannin solution; the reaction process between the desulfurizing agent and H2S is as follows: in, This indicates that H2S reacts with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the tannin solution to produce sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). This indicates that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) reacts with sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) to produce sodium pyrovanadate (Na2V4O9) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with NaHS being oxidized to elemental sulfur (S). Tannin in its oxidized state Tannin reacts with sodium pyrovanadate (Na₂V₄O₉) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to oxidize itself into hydroquinone (THQ). This indicates that hydroquinone tannin (THQ) reacts with oxygen (O2) in the air to be reoxidized to oxidized tannin (TQ), while simultaneously generating water (H2O).

[0064] Specifically, the main components of tannin desulfurization liquid include tannin, sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Its advantages are high sulfur recovery efficiency, stable process, few side reactions, low corrosivity to equipment, and cheap and readily available raw materials, resulting in low operating costs.

[0065] Optionally, the tannin desulfurization process is divided into a desulfurization stage and a regeneration stage. H2S removal and desulfurizing agent regeneration are achieved through a redox reaction cycle, as detailed below: (1) Desulfurization stage Step 1: Alkaline absorption H2S in the coal gas reacts with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the desulfurization liquid to produce sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), achieving the initial absorption of H2S. Step 2: Oxidation to release sulfur Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) reacts with sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), and the V in NaVO3... 5 ⁺ (high-valent vanadium) oxidizes NaHS to elemental sulfur (S), while being reduced to V itself. 4 ⁺ (low-valent vanadium) produces sodium pyrovanadate (Na₂V₄O₉) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH): Step 3: Tannin reduction of vanadium Tannin (denoted as TQ, representing oxidation state) reacts with sodium pyrovanadate (Na2V4O9) to produce V 4 ⁺ Restored to V 5⁺ (sodium metavanadate form), tannin itself is oxidized to hydroquinone (THQ), achieving the initial cycle of vanadium ions: (2) Regeneration stage The "rich liquor" containing hydroquinone tannin (THQ) after desulfurization needs to be regenerated by air to restore its activity. Hydroquinone tannin (THQ) reacts with oxygen (O2) in the air to be re-oxidized to oxidized tannin (TQ), while simultaneously generating water (H2O). The regenerated tannin (TQ) can then participate in the desulfurization reaction again, completing the entire desulfurizing agent cycle. In other words, tannin acts as a transfer medium, achieving the recycling of vanadium ions through its own redox reaction, and finally completing the regeneration of tannin with the help of air, ensuring the continuous and effective operation of the desulfurization system.

[0066] This application also provides a supergravity desulfurization system, including: The liquid distributor, rotor, and packing layer are used to deliver liquid to the packing layer; the rotor is used to increase the gas-liquid contact area through high-speed rotation; and the packing layer is made of porous metal wire mesh or ceramic material.

[0067] Specifically, in the high-gravity desulfurization system, the rotor generates centrifugal force through high-speed rotation, stretching and breaking the liquid (desulfurizing agent) into liquid films, liquid filaments, and tiny droplets, significantly increasing the gas-liquid contact area. The packing layer uses porous metal wire mesh or ceramic materials, whose porous structure further divides and disperses the liquid, extending the gas-liquid contact path and providing sufficient contact interface for the gas-liquid reaction, promoting the rapid reaction of H2S with the desulfurizing agent and greatly improving the desulfurization rate. The liquid distributor evenly delivers the desulfurizing agent liquid to the inner edge of the packing layer. After the liquid is evenly dispersed in the packing layer, combined with the centrifugal force of the rotor rotation, a uniform gas-liquid contact area can be formed throughout the packing layer, ensuring that H2S in the coal gas is fully absorbed. Optionally, the rotor speed in the supergravity desulfurization system can be dynamically adjusted to change the gas-liquid contact intensity through a high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology. The liquid flow rate delivered by the liquid distributor can be precisely adjusted to match the inlet gas load through a high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology, ultimately ensuring that the outlet H2S concentration is stably up to standard, effectively solving the problems of low efficiency, large size, and poor stability of traditional desulfurization equipment.

[0068] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this application provides a supergravity desulfurization system, which is detailed below: The overall process flow of the ultragravity desulfurization system includes a desulfurization unit and a control unit. Generator gas containing hydrogen sulfide (e.g., H2S concentration 1000-2000 mg / Nm³, flow rate 30000 Nm³ / h) undergoes preliminary oil removal treatment and then enters the ultragravity desulfurization reactor through the gas inlet pipe. Simultaneously, the regenerated desulfurizing agent lean solution (e.g., tannin solution) is transported from the lean solution tank via a lean solution pump and a metering pump, and enters the central liquid distributor of the reactor through the liquid inlet pipe. The gas enters tangentially from the outer cavity of the reactor, while the desulfurizing agent is sprayed from the center to the inner edge of the rotating packed bed, forming a highly efficient countercurrent contact within the packed bed. H2S is rapidly absorbed by the desulfurizing agent and oxidized into elemental sulfur particles. The purified gas, after passing through a demister to remove entrained droplets, is discharged from the gas outlet at the top of the reactor and sent to downstream processes (such as the roasting section) for use.

[0069] A rich solution containing reaction products (such as Fe²⁺ and sulfur particles) is discharged from the liquid outlet at the bottom of the reactor and flows into a rich solution tank. The rich solution is then pumped to a hypergravity regeneration reactor. In the regeneration reactor, compressed air is introduced through an air inlet and comes into contact with the rich solution in parallel flow. Under the enhanced effect of the hypergravity field, the oxygen in the air rapidly oxidizes and regenerates the Fe²⁺ in the rich solution into Fe³⁺. The regenerated mixture (containing Fe³⁺ and sulfur particles) flows out from the outlet of the regeneration reactor and enters a sulfur foam flotation tank. In the flotation tank, a portion of the exhaust gas can be introduced for stirring and flotation, causing sulfur particles (preferably with a particle size of 0.2-0.4 mm) to float to the surface and form sulfur foam. The sulfur foam is collected and sent to a centrifuge for solid-liquid separation, yielding sulfur paste with a low water content (e.g., ≤50%) as a byproduct for recycling.

[0070] The clarified regenerated liquor from the bottom of the flotation cell enters the lean liquor tank through pipelines, completing the circulation of the desulfurizing agent. A heat exchanger can be installed in the regenerated liquor return pipeline to regulate the regenerated liquor temperature (e.g., control the temperature difference ±5℃) and maintain a stable system temperature. A pH meter is installed in the system to monitor the pH value of the lean liquor. When the pH is lower than a set threshold (e.g., 8.0-8.2), the control system can automatically discharge part of the waste liquor and replenish fresh desulfurizing agent or alkali solution to maintain desulfurization efficiency.

[0071] The entire system is centrally monitored by an automated control system. The control system collects operating parameters in real time through sensors installed at various locations (such as ultraviolet spectrometers, flow meters, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors), performs calculations through a core calculation module (containing a fuzzy supervised PID algorithm), and sends control commands to actuators (such as variable frequency motors, metering pumps, and pneumatic control valves) to achieve intelligent, stable, and efficient operation of the system.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the countercurrent hypergravity reactor mainly includes: Shell: Provides a sealed reaction space.

[0073] Central liquid distributor: evenly sprays the desulfurizing agent lean solution onto the inner edge of the rotating packed bed.

[0074] Rotating packed bed: The core component, driven by a motor to rotate at high speed. The packing is made of materials with high specific surface area (≥500 m² / m³) and high porosity, such as stainless steel wire mesh and ceramic corrugated packing. The packing structure design facilitates the breakup, dispersion, and renewal of the liquid.

[0075] Gas inlet: Located on the lower outer periphery of the shell, it is usually designed for tangential entry, so that the gas generates a rotating flow before entering the packed bed.

[0076] Gas outlet: located at the center of the upper part of the casing.

[0077] Liquid outlet: located at the bottom of the casing.

[0078] Demister: Installed before the gas outlet, it is used to capture fine droplets entrained in the purified gas.

[0079] Drive unit: includes a variable frequency motor and a drive shaft, used to drive the packing bed to rotate.

[0080] During operation, the liquid enters from the center and flows radially outward under centrifugal force (200-300g), being continuously cut and flung into extremely thin liquid films, filaments, and droplets by the packing material. Gas enters from the outer cavity and flows radially inward, forming a countercurrent contact with the liquid. The extremely high specific surface area and extremely short contact time (≤1 second) increase the gas-liquid mass transfer rate by 1-3 orders of magnitude compared to traditional towers, making it particularly suitable for the rapid reaction absorption process of H2S. By adjusting the rotation speed (200-900 rpm) and gas-liquid ratio (60-76.9) through an intelligent control system, efficient and selective desulfurization can be achieved, and the outlet H2S concentration fluctuation can be controlled within ±5 mg / m³.

[0081] Optionally, in the supergravity desulfurization system, the gas inlet is tangentially distributed in the outer cavity of the rotating packed bed, and the liquid is sprayed to the inner edge of the packing layer through a liquid distributor, forming a gas-liquid countercurrent contact. The packing layer is composed of porous metal wire mesh or ceramic material, with a specific surface area ≥500 m² / m³, a liquid film thickness ≤0.1 mm, and a gas-liquid contact time ≤1 second. The rotor speed is adjustable from 200 to 900 rpm, the centrifugal acceleration is 200 to 300 g, and the gas-liquid flow rate ratio is dynamically controlled at 60 to 76.9. The outlet H2S concentration fluctuation range is ≤±5 mg / m³, and the sulfur capacity is increased to 0.5-0.8 g / L.

[0082] For example, Figure 4 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the control system. Figure 5 The intelligent control method for the supergravity desulfurization reaction, as part of the automated system framework, is as follows: (1) Data Acquisition: The data acquisition module of the automated control system monitors the H2S concentration Cin at the reactor inlet and the H2S concentration Cout at the reactor outlet in real time using an ultraviolet spectrometer. Gas flow rate Fg and liquid flow rate Fl are monitored using an electromagnetic flow meter. Rotation speed is monitored using a speed sensor (integrated into the variable frequency motor). The system temperature (T) and pressure (P) are monitored using temperature and pressure sensors. The operator sets the target outlet concentration (Cout, target).

[0083] (2) Fuzzy supervised PID control calculation: The core module (such as STM32 microcontroller) executes the fuzzy supervised PID algorithm.

[0084]  Calculate the outlet concentration error Its rate of change  Calculate the basic PID output:  Fuzzy Supervisor: (a) Input: , ,Cin(t), gas-liquid ratio, etc. b) Fuzzification: Converting input quantities into fuzzy linguistic variables (such as error "large positive", "zero", "small negative", etc.). c) Fuzzy inference: Defuzzifying based on the rule base: converting fuzzy output (such as...) and This is converted into a precise numerical correction.

[0085] (b) Final control commands: Control commands are limited to a reasonable range (e.g., flow rate 0.5-20.0 m³ / h, speed 100-900 rpm).

[0086] (c) Actuator control: The actuator module receives instructions.

[0087] The STM32 microcontroller controls the flow rate of the metering pump via DAC output (e.g., 0-5V signal) or communication. The STM32 microcontroller controls the speed of the inverter motor via a PWM signal (e.g., duty cycle 10-90%). This allows the centrifugal acceleration to reach 200-300g. The STM32 can control the gas flow of the pneumatic regulating valve via a 4-20mA current signal to maintain the gas-liquid ratio at 60-76.9.

[0088] (4) Closed-loop feedback: The system continuously monitors the outlet H2S concentration and repeats the above steps to achieve dynamic closed-loop adjustment and ensure that the outlet concentration is stable and meets the standard (≤50 mg / m³).

[0089] For example, to ensure the stable operation and safety of the hypergravity equipment (reactor, regenerator) and related storage tanks (lean solution tank, rich solution tank), the hypergravity foundation and corrosion-resistant rich solution storage tank adopt the following design: Foundation: A reinforced concrete ring wall foundation shall be adopted, with a foundation thickness of not less than 300 mm and a reinforcement ratio of not less than 1%. Strict control of foundation settlement shall be exercised to ensure that the settlement difference within any 10-meter perimeter does not exceed 25 mm.

[0090] Storage Tank: Corrosion Protection: The inner wall of the tank is lined with appropriate anti-corrosion materials or materials based on the corrosiveness of the desulfurizing agent (such as chelated iron solution). Leakage Prevention: An 80-100 mm thick asphalt sand cushion layer is laid at the bottom of the tank, and leak detection pipes are evenly arranged along the bottom of the tank (spacing ≤20 m) to detect leaks promptly. Connection and Control: The lean liquid tank is connected to the regeneration tower / system (including the regeneration reactor and flotation cell) via a heat exchanger. If a traditional regeneration tower is used, the regeneration tower pressure is controlled at 30-70 kPa and the temperature at 100-130℃. Safety Accessories: A breather valve (opening pressure 0.5-1.0 kPa) and an emergency pressure relief device (such as a safety valve or rupture disc) are installed on the top of the tank to prevent overpressure or negative pressure.

[0091] Optionally, the design of the high-gravity foundation and corrosion-resistant rich liquid storage tank includes: a reinforced concrete ring wall foundation (thickness ≥300 mm, reinforcement ratio ≥1%), with a foundation settlement difference ≤25 mm / 10 m perimeter; an asphalt sand cushion layer (thickness 80-100 mm) and leakage detection pipes (spacing ≤20 m) laid at the bottom of the storage tank; the lean liquid tank and the regeneration tower are connected through a heat exchanger, with the pressure of the regeneration tower controlled at 30-70 kPa and the temperature at 100-130℃; and a breather valve (opening pressure 0.5-1.0 kPa) and a safety pressure relief device installed at the top of the storage tank.

[0092] For example, an automated desulfurization system based on ultragravity includes: Data acquisition module: Ultraviolet spectrometer: detects H2S concentration at the inlet and outlet (accuracy ±1 ppm).

[0093] Electromagnetic flow meter: measures the flow rate of gas and liquid (error <0.5%).

[0094] Pressure sensor: Monitors system pressure (range 0-3.5 MPa).

[0095] Temperature sensor: Monitors system temperature (range -20-100℃).

[0096] Level gauge: Used to monitor the liquid level in storage tanks.

[0097] Execution mechanism module: Variable frequency motor: drives the RPB rotor (speed control accuracy ±50 rpm).

[0098] Metering pump: Precisely controls the flow rate of desulfurizing agent (error <0.5%).

[0099] Pneumatic control valve: regulates gas flow and air flow (opening resolution 0.1%).

[0100] Other pumps, valves, etc.

[0101] Core computing module: Hardware: STM32 microcontroller or other PLC / DCS.

[0102] Software: Integrates fuzzy supervised PID control algorithm to realize data processing, logical judgment, control calculation and command sending.

[0103] Human-Machine Interface (HMI): Used to display system status, parameter settings, and manual operations.

[0104] The system connects various modules via fieldbus or wireless means to achieve automated monitoring and intelligent control of the entire process of ultragravity desulfurization.

[0105] For example, to obtain the best desulfurization effect, this application uses the following methods to screen and optimize desulfurizers: 1. Preliminary Screening: In a laboratory-scale high-gravity reactor, the desulfurization performance of solutions such as tannin, complexed iron (in different ratios), and PDS under simulated producer gas conditions was tested. Key evaluation indicators included: outlet H2S concentration and stability; sulfur capacity (target ≥0.5 g / L); regeneration efficiency (e.g., Fe²⁺ oxidation efficiency ≥98% in the complexed iron method); side reactions (e.g., salt formation rate); cost and environmental friendliness. Desulfurizing agents with superior overall performance, such as the tannin method, were initially selected.

[0106] 2. Molecular structure optimization (taking complexed iron as an example): Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the structure and stability of complexes formed between different complexing agents (such as EDTA, NTA, etc.) and Fe ions. The molar ratio of complexing agent to Fe ions was optimized (e.g., EDTA / Fe molar ratio in the range of 1.2-4.0) to find the optimal ratio to improve sulfur capacity and reactivity.

[0107] 3. Mechanism research and formulation fine-tuning: The rapid kinetics of the desulfurization reaction were studied using stop-flow spectroscopy. High-resolution mass spectrometry (such as FT-ICR MS) was used to identify intermediate and byproducts in the reaction process. Based on the mechanistic results, the desulfurizer formulation was fine-tuned, such as by adding co-catalysts and adjusting the pH buffer system.

[0108] Through the above steps, the optimal desulfurizer formulation suitable for this process system is finally determined.

[0109] This embodiment describes a specific process for desulfurization operation using the ultragravity desulfurization system of the present invention. This process can be used for system commissioning, performance testing, or daily operation. The operation steps are as follows: (1) Pre-start inspection and preparation: Before starting the system, check all equipment connections and pipelines to ensure that they are securely installed and leak-free. Start the DCS system in the desulfurization main control room and check and confirm that all relevant sensors (such as flow meters, pressure gauges, thermometers, concentration detectors, level gauges, etc.) have been successfully connected to the instruments and that communication is normal.

[0110] (2) Remote control mode switching: The operator turns on the power switch of the supergravity reactor control cabinet on site and switches the control mode from local to remote transmission mode so as to remotely monitor and operate through the DCS system in the main control room.

[0111] (3) Start-up and Preliminary Inspection of the Hypergravity Reactor: Start the main power supply of the hypergravity desulfurization reactor (G-101). Gradually increase the output frequency of the frequency converter through the DCS system or on-site frequency converter to slowly increase the reactor speed to the preset low speed (200 rpm). During this process, closely observe the operating status of the reactor and check for any abnormal vibrations, noises, or resonance phenomena. Confirm that the reactor is operating smoothly and normally.

[0112] (4) Desulfurizing agent feeding: After confirming that the reactor is operating normally, open the valves on the desulfurizing agent supply pipeline and the liquid inlet (N5) valve of the centrifugal reactor. The desulfurizing agent (such as complexed iron lean liquor) will begin to flow into the reactor. Monitor the reading of the flow indicator FI102 through the DCS system and adjust the output of the metering pump to control the desulfurizing liquid flow rate within the set value range required by the experiment or process.

[0113] (5) System liquid seal establishment: During the desulfurization liquid feeding process, monitor the liquid level at the bottom of the reactor or the liquid discharge situation to ensure that the liquid level in the reactor is always higher than the liquid outlet (N4) in order to establish and maintain a reliable liquid seal and prevent the subsequent gas from flowing back or leaking out from the liquid outlet.

[0114] (6) Liquid level control: After the desulfurization rich liquor is discharged from the reactor, it enters the liquid level control tank. The liquid level in the liquid level control tank is monitored by the DCS system, and the speed or power of the variable frequency pump connected to the outlet of the tank is automatically adjusted to keep the liquid level constant at the set target height, so as to ensure stable feeding of the downstream process of the system.

[0115] (7) Gas Feeding: After the desulfurization liquid has stabilized and a liquid seal has been established, open the valve on the main gas pipe to be treated (corresponding to the valve on pipe 300-SYG100-B6A) and the gas inlet valve (e.g., N1) of the centrifugal reactor. Gas begins to enter the reactor. Monitor the reading of the flow indicator FI101 through the DCS system and adjust the upstream gas regulating valve to control the gas flow rate within the set value range required by the experiment or process, while ensuring that the target gas-liquid flow rate ratio is achieved.

[0116] (8) Sampling and detection of inlet gas: After the gas is stably introduced into the reactor, open the sampling valve on the inlet gas sampling pipeline (300-SYG101-B6A), collect the inlet gas sample according to the predetermined method, and use the H2S detection equipment (H2S detection tube or online analyzer) to detect the original H2S concentration before desulfurization and record the data.

[0117] (9) Sampling and detection of outlet gas: After the system has been running stably for a period of time (30 seconds), open the sampling valve on the outlet purified gas sampling pipeline (300-SYG104-B6A), collect outlet gas samples according to the predetermined method, and detect the H2S concentration after desulfurization, and record the data. By comparing the inlet and outlet concentrations, evaluate the desulfurization efficiency under the current operating conditions.

[0118] (10) Example of H2S concentration detection method: A feasible H2S concentration detection method includes: connecting the sampling port valve to an inert sampling bag (100 mL Teflon sampling bag) through a clean hose (5*7 mm silicone hose). First, rinse the sampling bag and connecting tubing with the gas to be tested at least 3 times, then collect approximately 100 mL of sample gas. Install a qualified H2S detection tube on a dedicated hand pump, and draw an appropriate amount of sample gas through the detection tube as required by the instruction manual. Observe the color change length or scale of the indicator on the detection tube and read the corresponding H2S concentration. After the test is completed, to reuse the sampling bag, it is necessary to continuously purge the bag with inert gas (N2) for thorough rinsing.

[0119] (11) Process parameter adjustment and optimization: During stable system operation, operators can input control signals through the DCS system interface in the remote control room to adjust the rotation speed of the hypergravity reactor (i.e., change the hypergravity level or centrifugal acceleration), or adjust parameters such as desulfurizer flow rate and gas flow rate. At the same time, the changes in outlet H2S concentration are continuously monitored to study the impact of different operating parameters on the desulfurization effect, or automatic optimization and adjustment are performed according to the instructions of the intelligent control system.

[0120] (12) Purified gas emission: The coal gas purified by desulfurization in the supergravity reactor is discharged from the gas outlet (N2) of the reactor and transported to downstream users or emission systems through the outlet pipeline (300-SYG102-B6A).

[0121] (13) Rich liquor discharge and collection: The desulfurization rich liquor that has absorbed H2S and generated sulfur particles is continuously discharged from the liquid outlet (e.g. N4) of the reactor and flows into the feed inlet (N1) of the liquid level control tank (V-101) through the rich liquor pipeline (300-RICH100-B6A).

[0122] (14) Rich solution delivery to the regeneration unit: Open the outlet valve of the level control tank and start the rich solution pump (P-101) to deliver the rich solution through pipelines (e.g., 150-RICH101-B6A, 150-RICH102-B6A) to the subsequent regeneration unit (e.g., into the regeneration tank or the high-gravity regeneration reactor). Sampling ports can be installed on the delivery pipelines for periodic or on-demand collection of rich solution samples for analysis.

[0123] (15) Data Processing and Repeatability Verification: To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, multiple repetitions (e.g., three sets) should be performed for each set process condition (e.g., a specific combination of rotation speed and gas-liquid ratio). Record the detection results of each repetition and calculate the average value and standard deviation. If the error of the repeated experimental results is within an acceptable range (e.g., the error of the outlet H2S concentration reading is within ±5 ppm), then the average value is taken as the final result under that condition.

[0124] This embodiment demonstrates how to start, run, monitor, and adjust the ultragravity desulfurization system of this invention, and verify its desulfurization performance. In actual industrial operation, many steps can be completed automatically by an automated control system.

[0125] The high-gravity desulfurization process and system of this invention have been pilot-scale or industrial-scale applied at the Weiqiao Venture Group alumina plant, treating producer gas with a capacity of 3,000 Nm³ / h, with inlet H₂S concentration in the range of 1000-3000 mg / Nm³. Application results show that: 1. The H2S concentration at the outlet is stably controlled at ≤20 mg / m³, meeting environmental protection requirements; 2. The equipment occupies 85% less floor space than traditional desulfurization towers, and the overall volume of the equipment is reduced by 8 times; 3. The amount of desulfurizing agent circulating is reduced by 45%, and energy consumption is reduced by 18%; 4. The system has a high degree of automation, is stable and reliable in operation, and has a monthly operating time of >480 hours.

[0126] Through practical industrial application verification, the supergravity desulfurization process and system of this invention have significant technical advantages and economic benefits, and are a new type of desulfurization technology that is efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0127] Optionally, this application also provides an automated desulfurization system based on ultragravity, comprising the following modules: The data acquisition module includes an ultraviolet spectrometer (for detecting H2S concentration, installed at the gas inlet and outlet of the hypergravity reactor, with a measurement accuracy of ±1 ppm), an electromagnetic flowmeter (for measuring gas-liquid flow rate, installed in the gas and liquid inlet pipes, with an error of <0.5%), a pressure sensor (range 0-3.5 MPa, monitoring gas inlet pressure and regeneration tower pressure), and a temperature sensor (range -20-100℃, monitoring gas-liquid two-phase temperature and regeneration tower temperature), etc., used to acquire the dynamic parameters required by the intelligent control method in real time.

[0128] The actuator module includes a variable frequency motor (used to drive the rotating packed bed rotor, with a speed control accuracy of ±50 rpm), a metering pump (used to control the desulfurizing agent, such as complexed iron solution, with a flow rate and an error of <0.5%), a pneumatic regulating valve (used to regulate gas flow and air intake, with an opening resolution of 0.1%), and a defoamer dosing pump, etc., used to execute control commands.

[0129] The core computing module is preferably an STM32 microcontroller that integrates the aforementioned fuzzy supervised PID composite control algorithm. It receives signals from the data acquisition module in real time, calculates control commands based on the algorithm, and transmits the commands to the actuator module through a control logic carrier (e.g., controlling the speed of the variable frequency motor through PWM output, or controlling the metering pump and pneumatic regulating valve through DAC output or communication interface).

[0130] Optionally, this application also provides a method for screening and optimizing desulfurizing agents, characterized by comprising: experimentally comparing the sulfur capacity (≥0.5 g / L) and regeneration rate (Fe²⁺ oxidation efficiency ≥98%) of tannin, complexed iron, and PDS solution; optimizing the molecular structure of the desulfurizing agent through density functional analysis (DFT) (e.g., optimizing the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / Fe molar ratio in the complexed iron to be in the range of 1.2-4.0); and determining the optimal formulation based on the characterization of intermediate products using residence spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

[0131] This application employs high-gravity technology to replace the traditional desulfurization tower, reducing equipment volume by 5-10 times and significantly decreasing floor space. By introducing a fuzzy supervised PID intelligent control method for MIMO systems, precise and robust control of key parameters such as rotational speed and flow rate is achieved, effectively addressing operating condition fluctuations and ensuring stable and reliable desulfurization performance, with outlet H2S concentration fluctuations ≤ ±5 mg / m³. Optimizing operating parameters reduces the desulfurizing agent circulation volume by 30-50%, energy consumption by 10-20%, and treatment efficiency by more than double. The designed automated control system enables fully unattended operation, significantly reducing operating costs.

[0132] The following describes the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology provided by this invention. The efficient hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology described below can be referred to in correspondence with the efficient hydrogen sulfide removal method based on supergravity tannin technology described above. The efficient hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology in the embodiments of this application is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes: The acquisition module 610 is used to acquire the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system; The first determining module 620 is used to determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system. The second determining module 630 is used to determine the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter according to the preset rule base; The control module 640 is used to generate control commands based on the PID adjustment value of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment value of the control parameters.

[0133] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device is provided. This electronic device may include a processor 710, a communications interface 720, a memory 730, and a communication bus 740. The processor 710, communications interface 720, and memory 730 communicate with each other via the communication bus 740. The processor 710 can call logical instructions from the memory 730 to execute a method for efficient hydrogen sulfide removal based on hypergravity tannin technology. This method includes: acquiring the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system; determining the PID control parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters; determining the correction value of the PID control parameters based on a preset rule base; and generating control instructions based on the PID control parameters and the correction values.

[0134] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 730 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0135] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal method based on hypergravity tannin technology provided by the above methods. The method includes: acquiring the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system; determining the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system according to the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system; determining the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters according to a preset rule base; and generating control instructions according to the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters.

[0136] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on hypergravity tannin technology provided by the above methods. The method includes: acquiring state parameters of a hypergravity desulfurization system; determining the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the hypergravity desulfurization system; determining the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters based on a preset rule base; and generating control instructions based on the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters.

[0137] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0138] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0139] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology, characterized in that, include: Obtain the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system; Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system, determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system; Based on a preset rule base, determine the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter; Control commands are generated based on the PID adjustment value of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment value of the control parameters.

2. The method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system includes: Based on the state parameters of the supergravity desulfurization system and the preset target value of the outlet concentration of the supergravity desulfurization system, the outlet concentration error value and the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value of the supergravity desulfurization system are determined. Based on the outlet concentration error value, the rate of change of the outlet concentration error value, and the PID algorithm of the supergravity desulfurization system, the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter is determined.

3. The method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PID adjustment of the control parameter includes at least one of the following: The PID control of the desulfurizing agent flow rate and the PID control of the rotation speed of the ultra-gravity desulfurization system.

4. The method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preset rule base includes: If the outlet concentration error value of the supergravity desulfurization system is greater than a first threshold and the rate of change of the error value is greater than a second threshold, the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameter is increased.

5. The method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preset rule base includes: If the inlet concentration in the state parameters is greater than the third threshold, the correction value of the PID adjustment of the control parameters is increased.

6. The method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology according to claim 3, wherein the desulfurizing agent is tannin solution; the reaction process of the desulfurizing agent with H2S is as follows: Among them, among them, This indicates that H2S reacts with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the tannin solution to produce sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). This indicates that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) reacts with sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) to produce sodium pyrovanadate (Na2V4O9) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with NaHS being oxidized to elemental sulfur (S). Tannin in its oxidized state Tannin reacts with sodium pyrovanadate (Na₂V₄O₉) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to oxidize itself into hydroquinone (THQ). This indicates that hydroquinone tannin (THQ) reacts with oxygen (O2) in the air to be reoxidized to oxidized tannin (TQ), while simultaneously generating water (H2O).

7. A supergravity desulfurization system, applied to the method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology as described in any one of claims 1-6, comprising: The liquid distributor, rotor, and packing layer are used to deliver liquid to the packing layer; the rotor is used to increase the gas-liquid contact area through high-speed rotation; and the packing layer is made of porous metal wire mesh or ceramic material.

8. A high-efficiency hydrogen sulfide removal device based on supergravity tannin technology, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system; The first determining module is used to determine the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system based on the state parameters of the ultragravity desulfurization system. The second determining module is used to determine the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameter according to a preset rule base; The control module is used to generate control commands based on the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters and the correction value of the PID adjustment amount of the control parameters.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide based on supergravity tannin technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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