Testing device for simulating water bursting and sand bursting of unconsolidated formation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water gushing simulation, and discloses a test device for simulating water gushing and sand bursting of a unconsolidated formation, the test device comprises a first barrel, the surface of the first barrel is oppositely provided with partition plates, the inner bottom wall of the first barrel is uniformly provided with a plurality of axial sliding grooves along the circumferential direction, and one side, far away from the partition plates, of the surface of the first barrel is fixedly connected with an air pump; the output end of the air pump is fixedly connected with an air conveying pipe, a pressurizing assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the first barrel, and confining pressure is applied to the sand layer filled in the first barrel during testing in the working state. Through the arrangement of the water injection assembly, when water bursting and sand bursting simulation is carried out, the physical thickness of a thin film and the prefabricated depth of a cross-shaped film breaking line can be adjusted, different thicknesses and completeness of a key waterproof thin rock layer between a water-rich unconsolidated formation and an underlying sand layer in the two-Huai coal field area are simulated, and the sand bursting simulation test after thin rock layer bursting is achieved; and a plurality of test data in the same environment can be accurately simulated, so that the experiment efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water inrush simulation technology, specifically to a test device for simulating water inrush and sand collapse in loose layers. Background Technology

[0002] In East my country, especially in the Lianghuai Coalfield of Anhui Province, deep coal mining has long faced the threat of a unique local roof-type water inrush and sand collapse disaster. This area has a typical geological structure, namely a composite structure system of "upper water-medium thin rock-lower sand-lower soil-fissured rock mass". Under the influence of mining, high-pressure water can easily induce large-scale sand collapse in the loose sand layer below after breaking through the key thin water-impermeable rock layer. The mixture of upper water and lower sand penetrates the soil layer and fissured rock mass below, eventually collapsing into the roadway and causing catastrophic consequences.

[0003] Currently, research on the mechanism of water inrush and sand collapse in such complex layered geological structures has some limitations. Due to the special geological conditions of the Lianghuai Coalfield, the intermediate thin rock is easily ignored in the research, making it difficult to calculate the actual weight of the sand collapse that is washed into the "lower soil" and "fractured rock mass" under the condition of sand collapse including the intermediate thin rock. That is, the gradual fracturing and instability of the "intermediate thin rock" under water pressure increases the final disaster degree of the dynamic process of water and sand two-phase flow in multi-layer media after fracturing, such as transport, scouring, and siltation, as well as the difficulty in data judgment. This makes the scientificity and reliability of the experimental results insufficient, and it is difficult to provide sufficient theoretical support and technical basis for the accurate prediction and prevention of water hazards in deep mining in coal mines in Anhui and other regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test apparatus for simulating the inrush and sand collapse of loose layers, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a test apparatus for simulating the inrush and erosion of loose layers, comprising:

[0006] The cylinder has a partition plate arranged opposite each other on its surface. Its inner bottom wall has several axial grooves evenly opened along the circumference. An air pump is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder, and an air supply pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the air pump. A pressurization component is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder to apply confining pressure to the sand layer filled inside the cylinder during the test in the working state. A water injection component is provided on the surface of the cylinder to inject water above the sand layer to simulate pressurized water.

[0007] The water-passing mechanism is located on one surface of the cylinder near the center of gravity of the ground.

[0008] A calculation mechanism is installed on the water-passing mechanism to collect and weigh the water-sand mixture flowing out of the water-passing mechanism.

[0009] The pressurization assembly includes an annular airbag fixedly connected inside the cylinder. The annular airbag is divided into several independent chambers, and a propulsion component is individually provided on the surface of the annular airbag for each independent chamber.

[0010] The propulsion component includes an arc plate fixedly connected to the surface of the annular airbag, and a sealing plate is fixedly connected to the surface of each arc plate.

[0011] In operation, the sealing plate ensures that the gap between adjacent arc plates is sealed. The arc plates are slidably connected to the sliding grooves. The number of arc plates, sliding grooves, and independent chambers of the annular airbag corresponds one-to-one. The number of arc plates and sliding grooves is equal to the number of independent chambers of the annular airbag.

[0012] The water injection assembly includes an electric telescopic rod fixedly installed on the surface of a cylinder. The output end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a second cylinder. Loading rods are arranged opposite each other on the surface of the second cylinder. Each loading rod has a rotating roller rotatably connected inside. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the surface of one of the loading rods. A simulation component is arranged between the two rotating rollers.

[0013] The simulation component includes a film disposed between two rotating rollers. Several annular sealing rings are fixedly connected to the surface of the film near the center of gravity of the ground. A cross-shaped film breaking line is formed on the surface of the film at the center of the several annular sealing rings.

[0014] The output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rollers, and both sides of the film are fixedly connected to the adjacent rotating rollers respectively.

[0015] The water supply mechanism includes a water guide pipe fixedly connected to a surface of the cylinder. A pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the surface of the water guide pipe. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the pressure gauge. An opening and closing door is connected to the surface of the cylinder via a hinge. A positive and negative screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the water guide pipe near the center of gravity of the cylinder. Two sealing blocks are threadedly connected to the surface of the positive and negative screws. Both sealing blocks are slidably connected inside the water guide pipe.

[0016] The calculation mechanism includes a chassis mounted on a water-passing mechanism. Several support rods are fixedly connected to the surface of the chassis. A measuring cup is coaxially mounted on the surface of the chassis. A weighing device is fixedly installed inside the chassis below the measuring cup.

[0017] Both cylinder three and cylinder two are made of transparent material. In the working state, the support rod abuts against cylinder three.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. By setting up the water injection component, the physical thickness of the membrane and the prefabrication depth of the cross-shaped membrane rupture line can be adjusted during the simulation of water inrush and sand collapse. This simulates the different thicknesses and integrity of the key water-impermeable thin rock layer between the water-rich loose layer and the underlying sand layer in the Lianghuai coalfield area. It realizes the sand collapse simulation test after the collapse of the thin rock layer. At the same time, it can also accurately simulate multiple test data under the same environment, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency.

[0020] 2. By setting up the pressurization component, when simulating sand layers, the annular airbag is operated to apply uniform or different pressures to the sand layer, simulating the real ground stress state of the deep underground sand layer, thereby more accurately calculating the precise experimental data in cylinder one, cylinder two and cylinder three.

[0021] 3. By setting up a water-passing mechanism, when the water-sand mixture in the second cylinder surges and the sand collapses, the two sealed blocks are operated to simulate the size of the cracks and set the initial crack opening. At the same time, the process of the channel expanding or clogging under the scouring of water flow can also be simulated, allowing researchers to intuitively observe the entire process of seepage, scouring, and siltation of the two-phase water-sand flow in multi-layer media, thereby improving the authenticity of the experimental data.

[0022] 4. By setting up a calculation mechanism, the specific process of collection-total weight-drying-dry weight can be perfected, and the total amount of water inrush and total amount of sand in a single sandstorm event can be calculated. Multiple rapid test data collections can be carried out under the same conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall working state of the device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water-passing mechanism and the calculation mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal disassembled structure of the cylinder body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the cylinder body and the water injection component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the isolated cross-section structure of the simulated component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the cylinder of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the simulated component of the present invention disassembled within the cylinder.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the positive and negative screws and the sealing block of the present invention in the water guide pipe.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder 1; 11. Baffle plate; 12. Slide groove; 13. Air pump; 14. Air supply pipe; 111. Annular airbag; 112. Arc plate; 113. Sealing plate; 120. Electric telescopic rod; 121. Cylinder 2; 122. Loading rod; 123. Rotating roller; 1231. Film; 1232. Annular sealing ring; 1233. Cross-shaped film breaking line; 124. Drive motor; 20. Water supply mechanism; 21. Water guide pipe; 22. Pressure gauge; 23. Cylinder 3; 24. Positive and negative screws; 25. Sealing block; 30. Calculation mechanism; 31. Chassis; 32. Support rod; 33. Measuring cup. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] This invention discloses a test apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers, comprising:

[0034] The cylinder 1 has a partition 11 arranged opposite to each other on its surface. Its inner bottom wall has several axial grooves 12 evenly opened along the circumference. An air pump 13 is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder 1. An air supply pipe 14 is fixedly connected to the output end of the air pump 13. A pressurization component is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder 1. During the test, the pressurization component applies confining pressure to the sand layer filled inside the cylinder 1 in the working state. A water injection component is provided on the surface of the cylinder 1 for injecting water above the sand layer to simulate pressurized water.

[0035] The water-passing mechanism 20 is installed on the surface of the cylinder 1 near the center of gravity of the ground.

[0036] The calculation mechanism 30 is installed on the water-passing mechanism 20 and is used to collect and weigh the water-sand mixture flowing out of the water-passing mechanism 20.

[0037] The working principle and beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: First, refer to... Figures 1-3 As shown, fix cylinder 1, water pipe 21, and cylinder 3 23 in appropriate positions, while ensuring that the pressurization end of gas pipe 14 is inside cylinder 2 121. Cylinder 2 121 has a partition chamber and a water injection chamber in the middle. (See reference...) Figure 3As shown in the figure but not labeled, the surface of the gas supply pipe 14 is fixed to the partition of the second cylinder 121, and its pressurization end extends into the water injection chamber inside the second cylinder 121. Before the pressure is applied by the air pump 13, the surface of the gas supply pipe 14 must be fixed to the partition chamber in advance. When the air pump 13 is working, the pressurization end of the gas supply pipe 14 must always be higher than the water injection height towards the inside of the second cylinder 121. After water is injected into the water injection chamber inside the second cylinder 121, the second cylinder 121 must be sealed to ensure the accuracy of the test pressure.

[0038] Specifically, after water is injected into the water injection chamber of cylinder 2 121, sand or gravel is added to the annular pressurization component inside cylinder 1. Then, the pressurization component applies simulated pressure, and the water injection component descends to fit against cylinder 1. The pressure state of the water pressurized by the air pump 13 is observed. Then, the pressurized water and sand mixture enters the water passage mechanism 20. After passing through the simulated soil-fissured rock mass inside the water passage mechanism 20, it enters the calculation mechanism 30 for weighing. Then, the water is dried, and the remaining mixture is weighed again through the calculation mechanism 30.

[0039] It should be noted that if the air pump 13 does not display a pressure value, a pressure device can be installed on the cylinder 2 121. The measuring section of the pressure device extends into the water injection chamber to observe the specific pressure value inside the cylinder 2 121. Water will quickly submerge the tunnel and equipment. Solid sand particles will bury the tunnel, block the equipment, and cause casualties. The dry sand weight obtained by drying and weighing is used to assess the final consequences of this sand collapse disaster, such as the length of tunnel siltation, equipment loss, and cleanup costs. When the water and sand mixture flows through the "lower soil-fissured rock mass", i.e., the water passage mechanism 20, complex interactions will occur. Some sand particles will settle and silt up inside the water passage mechanism 20. The amount of sand eroded out of the sand layer is not equal to the amount of sand that finally collapses into the tunnel. By comparing the "total amount of sand eroded from the sand layer, i.e., the cylinder 11" and the "final amount of screened dry sand flowing out", the effect of precise quantitative research can be achieved.

[0040] The present invention further discloses that: the pressurization component includes an annular airbag 111 fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1. The annular airbag 111 is divided into several independent chambers, and a propulsion component is separately provided on the surface of the annular airbag 111 for each independent chamber.

[0041] The propulsion component includes an arc plate 112 fixedly connected to the surface of the annular airbag 111, and a sealing plate 113 is fixedly connected to the surface of each arc plate 112.

[0042] In operation, the sealing plate 113 ensures that the gap between adjacent arc plates 112 is sealed. The arc plates 112 are slidably connected to the sliding grooves 12. The number of independent chambers of the arc plates 112, the sliding grooves 12, and the annular airbag 111 are one-to-one. The number of arc plates 112 and sliding grooves 12 is equal to the number of independent chambers of the annular airbag 111.

[0043] The water injection assembly includes an electric telescopic rod 120 fixedly installed on the surface of cylinder 1. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 120 is fixedly connected to cylinder 2 121. Loading rods 122 are arranged opposite each other on the surface of cylinder 2 121. Each loading rod 122 is rotatably connected to a rotating roller 123. A drive motor 124 is fixedly connected to the surface of one of the loading rods 122. A simulation element is arranged between the two rotating rollers 123.

[0044] The simulation component includes a film 1231 disposed between two rotating rollers 123. Several annular sealing rings 1232 are fixedly connected to the surface of the film 1231 near the center of gravity of the ground. A cross-shaped film breaking line 1233 is opened on the surface of the film 1231 at the axis of the several annular sealing rings 1232.

[0045] The working principle of the above embodiments: First, refer to Figures 3-7 As shown, after the water filling chamber facing cylinder 2 121 is filled with water and sealed, the electric telescopic rod 120 is opened. The electric telescopic rod 120 drives cylinder 2 121 to move towards the center of gravity of the ground, that is, towards cylinder 1 1, until cylinder 2 121 is in complete contact with cylinder 1 1. Then the electric telescopic rod 120 stops working. See details. Figure 6 The first cylinder 1 enters the second cylinder 121 through a partition 11 on its surface. One of the annular seals 1232 of the second cylinder 121, located near the center of gravity of the ground, contacts the end of the second cylinder 121, sealing the bottom of the annular seal 1232. This forms a three-way contact between the lower surface of the second cylinder 121, the film 1231, and the first cylinder 1 near the second cylinder 121. The annular seal 1232 is larger than the outlet end of the lower surface of the second cylinder 121, forming a wrapping state. This provides water-blocking treatment to the outlet end of the lower surface of the second cylinder 121. The cross-shaped film breaking line 1233 faces the sand storage area of ​​the first cylinder 1 and is higher than the sand storage area of ​​the first cylinder 1, avoiding direct contact with the sand storage area inside the first cylinder 1.

[0046] Subsequently, due to the gradual pressurization of the air pump 13, the internal pressure of the second cylinder 121 gradually increases. When the pressure is greater than that on the membrane 1231 and the cross-shaped membrane rupture line 1233 located at the axis of one of the annular seals 1232 is subjected to pressure, the cross-shaped membrane rupture line 1233 assists the membrane 1231 in the section of the annular seal 1232 to rupture. Pressurized water gushes towards the sand inside the annular interval formed by multiple arc plates 112 and sealing plates 113. The water flows from the sand interval inside the first cylinder 1 under pressure, and then the water carries the sand out of the first cylinder 1.

[0047] It should be noted that by pressurizing the sealed cylinder 121 with air pump 13 to simulate high-pressure water head, the water jet is ejected at the moment the membrane 1231 ruptures, possessing enormous kinetic energy. This is fundamentally different from hydrostatic infiltration and can more realistically reproduce the process of rapid release of hydrodynamic force and violent scouring of sand during a disaster. The cross-shaped rupture line 1233 ensures that the membrane 1231 will rupture at a predetermined, repeatable pressure in a fixed location, namely within the annular sealing ring 1232 area. This ensures that the initial conditions of each test, namely the rupture pressure, rupture location, and size, are basically consistent, making the test results comparable and repeatable, simulating the thin membrane in water and sand. The rock fracturing phenomenon, namely the thin film 1231 and the cross-shaped rupture line 1233 in this section, are weak points in the water-impermeable rock layer. This geological phenomenon is simulated by the thin film 1231. The height of the cross-shaped rupture line 1233 is higher than the sand storage area of ​​cylinder 1, ensuring that high-pressure water is first sprayed into an air gap and then impacts the sand layer surface. The water flow is accelerated in the air, forming a concentrated impact jet, which can generate huge shear force on the sand layer surface. After the water flow breaks through the cross-shaped rupture line 1233, a heavier sand collapse situation in this environment can be simulated, allowing researchers to clearly observe the process from "jet formation" inside cylinder 2 121 to "impacting the sand layer" in the sand storage area of ​​cylinder 1 1 and then to "sand particle initiation and mixing".

[0048] Furthermore, the strength and thickness of thin rock can be simulated by changing the material and thickness of the film 1231, or the depth of the cross-shaped rupture line 1233, i.e., deep and shallow lines, can be changed to simulate thinner and more broken rock layers or thicker or more complete rock layers.

[0049] It is important to note that when piling sand into the multiple arc plates 112 inside the cylinder 1, pressure needs to be injected into several independent chambers of the annular airbag 111 to inflate each section of the annular airbag 111. This causes the corresponding arc plates 112 to move closer to the axis of the cylinder 1. The different or similar degrees of expansion in each independent chamber simulate the confining pressure of the sand layer. The arc plate 112 consists of an arc-shaped curved surface block and a triangular block. When the arc plate 112 moves, its sliding operation is restricted by the slide groove 12. Its maximum range of motion, i.e., the triangular block, cannot expose the slide groove 12, thus preventing sand from entering the interior of the slide groove 12. This would cause the arc plate 112 to fail due to its linear coaxial movement. The several independent chambers of the annular airbag 111 simulate the "geo-stress" environment. The sand layer deep underground is not in a loose state. The movement of multiple arc plates 112 applies lateral confining pressure, restoring the true state of the sand layer and realizing the real process of "consolidation first, then water inrush".

[0050] The output end of the drive motor 124 is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rollers 123, and the two sides of the film 1231 are fixedly connected to the adjacent rotating rollers 123 respectively.

[0051] First, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 After the sand-breaking simulation is completed at the cross-shaped film-breaking line 1233 of one of the annular seals 1232, the electric telescopic rod 120 is raised, and the drive motor 124 starts to work, driving the film 1231 to perform a winding action until the next annular seal 1232 is in the same direction as the first cylinder 121. At this time, the drive motor 124 stops working. The width of the film 1231 is less than the width of the two partitions 11, ensuring that the two partitions 11 fixedly connected to the first cylinder 1 can accurately guide and wind the film 1231.

[0052] By quickly replacing the film 1231 and the annular sealing ring 1232, the time for manual winding is reduced, and the experimental efficiency is improved. By aligning the cross-shaped film breaking line 1233 with the axis of cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 121, the test data of the general group can be quickly processed to obtain accurate data.

[0053] The water supply mechanism 20 includes a water pipe 21 fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder 1. A pressure gauge 22 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe 21. The end of the pressure gauge 22 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 3 23. The surface of the cylinder 3 23 is connected to an opening and closing door via a hinge. Inside the water pipe 21, near the center of gravity of the cylinder 1, there is a positive and negative screw 24 rotatably connected. The surface of the positive and negative screw 24 is threaded with two sealing blocks 25. Both sealing blocks 25 are slidably connected inside the water pipe 21.

[0054] First, refer to Figure 1 Figure 2 as well as Figure 8As shown, before the sand that bursts out of cylinder 1 reaches the soil and rock fissures stored inside cylinder 3 23, the positive and negative screws 24 are rotated to simulate the initial gap. The positive and negative screws 24 drive the two sealing blocks 25 to move closer or further apart to adjust the flow rate gap. After the water-sand mixture passes through the gap between the two sealing blocks 25 inside the adjustable water pipe 21, it flows through the pressure gauge 22 to record data, and then enters the soil and simulated rock fissures inside cylinder 3 23.

[0055] It is important to note that in a real coal mine water inrush and sand collapse disaster, the channel carved out by the water flow is not a fixed pipe. When water and sand pass through the gap of the sealing block 25 of the water guide pipe 21, it is necessary to constantly operate and rotate the positive and negative screws 24. The initial channel may be very small, originating from the original fissures or mining cracks in the rock strata. At this time, the gap between the two sealing blocks 25 is small. After the water flow carries sand, the channel will gradually expand. By rotating the positive and negative screws 24, a controllable initial fissure from "the thickness of a hair" to "a few millimeters wide" can be set, or the gap between the two sealing blocks 25 can be completely closed and then opened to simulate the critical phenomenon of "blockage-re-connection". The pressure gauge 22 measures the pressure change before and after the water flow passes through the adjustable fissure and calculates the pressure loss when the water flow passes through the fissure. At the same time, before participating in the simulation test, soil and simulated rock fissures need to be filled into the inside of the cylinder 3 23 in sequence to ensure that the soil layer is on top and the rock fissures are below. If necessary, the soil layer and rock fissures can be subjected to confining pressure treatment to simulate the real environment.

[0056] The calculation mechanism 30 includes a chassis 31 mounted on the water supply mechanism 20. Several support rods 32 are fixedly connected to the surface of the chassis 31. A measuring cup 33 is coaxially mounted on the surface of the chassis 31. A weighing device is fixedly installed inside the chassis 31 below the measuring cup 33.

[0057] Continue reading Figure 1 Figure 2 After the water and sand enter the simulated soil layer and rock fissures on the upper part of the cylinder 23 through the water pipe 21, the mixture enters the measuring cup 33. When the water inside the cylinder 23 is significantly reduced or the pressure on the pressure gauge 22 decreases, the cylinder 23 is closed, and the weight of the mixture inside the measuring cup 33 is measured. Then the measuring cup 33 is taken out, dried, and placed back on the base plate 31 for a second measurement. In special cases, the sand and soil can be separated and weighed separately again.

[0058] It should be noted that sudden water-sand-debris collapse is a multiphase material transport process involving water, sand, and soil. Through progressive measurement methods, the total water volume is obtained by subtracting the dry volume from the total water volume. By default, the dry volume represents the total sand volume. In "special cases," when it is suspected that the soil is also severely eroded, the sand and soil are separated and weighed separately. If the soil volume is smaller than the sand volume, it indicates that the underlying strata have effectively intercepted the sand particles, acting as a "natural filter."

[0059] It should be noted that the weighing device only weighs the measuring cup 33 when it is in operation, and is not affected by the support rod 32 that abuts against the cylinder 23.

[0060] Both the third cylinder 23 and the second cylinder 121 are made of transparent material. In the working state, the support rod 32 abuts against the third cylinder 23.

[0061] The contents not described in detail in this description are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers, characterized in that, include: A cylinder (1) has a partition (11) on its surface and a number of axial grooves (12) evenly opened along the circumference of its inner bottom wall. An air pump (13) is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder (1). An air supply pipe (14) is fixedly connected to the output end of the air pump (13). A pressurization component is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder (1). During the test, the sand layer filled inside the cylinder (1) is subjected to confining pressure in the working state. A water injection component is provided on the surface of the cylinder (1) for injecting water above the sand layer to simulate pressurized water. A water-passing mechanism (20) is installed on the surface of the cylinder (1) near the center of gravity of the ground surface; A calculation mechanism (30) is installed on the water-passing mechanism (20) for collecting and weighing the water-sand mixture flowing out of the water-passing mechanism (20).

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurization assembly includes an annular airbag (111) fixedly connected inside the cylinder (1). The annular airbag (111) is divided into several independent chambers. A propulsion component is separately provided on the surface of the annular airbag (111) for each independent chamber.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sandstorm of loose layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The propulsion component includes an arc plate (112) fixedly connected to the surface of the annular airbag (111), and a sealing plate (113) is fixedly connected to the surface of each arc plate (112).

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the working state, the sealing plate (113) ensures that the gap between adjacent arc plates (112) is sealed. The arc plate (112) is slidably connected to the slide groove (12). The number of independent chambers of the arc plate (112), the slide groove (12) and the annular airbag (111) are one-to-one. The number of arc plates (112) and slide grooves (12) is equal to the number of independent chambers of the annular airbag (111).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water injection assembly includes an electric telescopic rod (120) fixedly installed on the surface of a cylinder (1). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (120) is fixedly connected to a cylinder (121). Loading rods (122) are arranged opposite each other on the surface of the cylinder (121). Each loading rod (122) is rotatably connected to a rotating roller (123). A drive motor (124) is fixedly connected to the surface of one of the loading rods (122). A simulation component is arranged between the two rotating rollers (123).

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The simulation component includes a film (1231) disposed between two rotating rollers (123). Several annular sealing rings (1232) are fixedly connected to the surface of the film (1231) near the center of gravity of the ground. A cross-shaped film breaking line (1233) is opened on the surface of the film (1231) at the axis of the several annular sealing rings (1232).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output end of the drive motor (124) is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rollers (123), and the two sides of the film (1231) are fixedly connected to the adjacent rotating rollers (123) respectively.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water supply mechanism (20) includes a water pipe (21) fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder (1), a pressure gauge (22) fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe (21), a cylinder (23) fixedly connected to the end of the pressure gauge (22), an opening and closing door connected to the surface of the cylinder (23) by a hinge, and a positive and negative screw (24) rotatably connected to the inside of the water pipe (21) near the center of gravity of the surface of the cylinder (1). Two sealing blocks (25) are threadedly connected to the surface of the positive and negative screw (24), and the sealing blocks (25) are slidably connected inside the water pipe (21).

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation mechanism (30) includes a chassis (31) mounted on the water supply mechanism (20). Several support rods (32) are fixedly connected to the surface of the chassis (31). A measuring cup (33) is coaxially mounted on the surface of the chassis (31). A weighing device is fixedly installed inside the chassis (31) below the measuring cup (33).

10. The experimental apparatus for simulating the inrush and sediment collapse of loose layers according to claim 9, characterized in that: Both the third cylinder (23) and the second cylinder (121) are made of transparent material. In the working state, the support rod (32) abuts against the third cylinder (23).

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