Waste heat recovery system of fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell system waste heat recovery system in the technical field of fuel cell system waste heat recovery. The heat production component comprises an air compressor, a DC / DC converter, an inverter (PCS), a cold and hot water unit, a solid hydrogen storage device and a lithium battery; the waste heat collecting module is composed of a plurality of attached heat pipes; the heat pipes are correspondingly arranged on the heat dissipation surface of the air compressor, the heat dissipation surface of the DC / DC converter, the heat dissipation surface of the inverter (PCS), the heat dissipation fan of the cold and hot water unit, the periphery of the solid hydrogen storage device and the periphery of the lithium battery respectively; according to a plurality of heat production parts such as an air compressor, a DC / DC converter, an inverter (PCS), a cold and hot water unit, a solid hydrogen storage device and a lithium battery in the fuel cell system, full-coverage recovery of waste heat of the whole system is realized, the problem of single recovery object in the prior art is solved, and energy waste is reduced to the greatest extent.

Description

A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste heat recovery technology for fuel cell systems, specifically to a waste heat recovery system for fuel cell systems. Background Technology

[0002] As a clean and efficient energy conversion device, fuel cells generate a significant amount of waste heat during power generation. Statistics show that approximately 40% to 60% of the input energy is lost as heat. These waste heat sources are diverse, primarily including: equipment components (heat generated at 50-70°C during air compressor compression, and heat dissipated by cooling fans in hot and cold water units), energy conversion components (heat released at 60-90°C during DC / DC converters and inverters (PCS)), fuel cell stack auxiliary components (heat generated during stack operation), and other heat-generating processes (heat generated by solid-state hydrogen storage devices during hydrogen charging).

[0003] Currently, this waste heat is typically released directly into the environment through devices such as heat sinks and cooling fans, without effective recovery and utilization. This not only causes serious energy waste but also results in low overall energy efficiency of fuel cell systems. Meanwhile, solid-state hydrogen storage devices often require external heat to ensure the hydrogen release rate and efficiency during the hydrogen release process. Traditional methods often employ additional electrical heating or fuel combustion for heating, further increasing the system's operating costs and energy consumption.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system, comprising: a heat-generating component; the heat-generating component includes an air compressor, a DC / DC converter, an inverter (PCS), a chiller / hot water unit, a solid hydrogen storage device, and a lithium battery; and a waste heat collection module: composed of multiple heat pipes; the heat pipes are respectively disposed on the heat dissipation surface of the air compressor, the heat dissipation surface of the DC / DC converter, the heat dissipation surface of the inverter (PCS), the cooling fan of the chiller / hot water unit, the outer periphery of the solid hydrogen storage device, and the outer periphery of the lithium battery; the heat pipes are used to absorb the waste heat generated during the operation of each component; a heat storage module: including a heat storage tank and a low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the tank, and the heat storage tank is provided with a waste heat output channel, and each heat pipe is respectively provided with an electric valve MV1, an electric valve MV2, an electric valve MV3, an electric valve MV4, an electric valve MV5, and an electric valve MV6 on the waste heat transmission channel connecting to the heat storage tank; the electric valve MV1 The fuel cell system remains constantly open during startup, and the recovered waste heat can be supplied to the solid-state hydrogen storage device in the hydrogen release state through the waste heat transmission channel. The heat storage tank is connected to each waste heat collection module through the waste heat transmission channel, which connects each fitted heat pipe to the heat storage tank to achieve directional transport of waste heat. The waste heat output channel is made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance. The temperature monitoring module includes multiple temperature sensors: temperature sensor T1, temperature sensor T2, temperature sensor T3, temperature sensor T4, temperature sensor T5, and temperature sensor T6. Temperature sensor T2 is located at the solid-state hydrogen storage device to monitor its temperature during hydrogen charging; temperature sensor T3 is located at the lithium battery to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T4 is located at the chiller / hot water unit to monitor its heat dissipation temperature; temperature sensor T5 is located at the inverter (PCS) to monitor its operating temperature; and temperature sensor T6 is located at the DC / DC converter to monitor its operating temperature. Temperature sensor T1... The device is installed inside the heat storage tank to monitor the heat storage temperature inside the tank; the control module includes a controller with signal receiving, processing and command sending functions. The controller is electrically connected to each temperature sensor and each electric valve, and is used to control the opening and closing of each corresponding electric valve according to the real-time temperature signal transmitted by each temperature sensor.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the contact surface between the heat pipe 7 and each heat-generating component is provided with a thermally conductive enhancement layer, which is a thermally conductive silicone or a thermally conductive ceramic coating.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the heat storage tank 8 is a paraffin-based heat storage material, a fatty acid-based heat storage material, or a composite latent heat storage material.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the controller is provided with a temperature threshold setting unit, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to each heat-generating component can be independently adjusted according to actual operating requirements. The preset temperature threshold corresponding to the air compressor is 50-70℃, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the DC / DC converter and inverter (PCS) is 60-90℃.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the inner wall of the waste heat transmission channel is provided with a heat insulation layer, which is made of rock wool, aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel material, to reduce the loss of waste heat during the transmission process.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the controller is also provided with a visual monitoring interface for displaying in real time the monitoring data of each temperature sensor, the on / off status of the electric valves MV1, MV2, MV3, MV4, MV5, and MV6, and the real-time heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the electric valves MV1, MV2, MV3, MV4, MV5, and MV6 are all electromagnetic control valves or electric ball valves.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the outer wall of the heat storage tank is provided with an insulation shell, and polyurethane insulation material is filled between the insulation shell and the tank wall of the heat storage tank to further reduce the loss of residual heat inside the tank.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. For multiple heat-generating components in the fuel cell system, such as air compressor / blower, DC / DC converter, inverter (PCS), chiller / hot water unit, solid hydrogen storage device, lithium battery, etc., the invention achieves full coverage recovery of waste heat of the entire system, solves the problem of single recovery target in the prior art, and minimizes energy waste.

[0015] 2. The design, which combines a heat pipe with a thermally conductive enhancement layer, significantly reduces contact thermal resistance and improves waste heat collection efficiency. The heat insulation layer on the inner wall of the flow channel and the double-layer insulation structure of the heat storage tank effectively reduce the loss of waste heat during transmission and storage, ensuring that the recovered waste heat can be utilized efficiently.

[0016] 3. Through real-time monitoring by multiple sensors and intelligent linkage with the controller, automated and precise control of waste heat transfer is achieved. The switching of the transmission channel can be dynamically adjusted according to the amount of waste heat generated, avoiding ineffective transmission and heat accumulation, and improving the stability and reliability of system operation.

[0017] 4. By directing the recovered waste heat to the solid hydrogen storage device in the hydrogen release state, the efficient integration of fuel cell system and solid hydrogen storage technology is achieved, replacing the traditional additional heating method and reducing system operating costs. At the same time, the system can be adapted to different types of fuel cell systems, with a wide range of application scenarios and significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell waste heat recovery system of the present invention; the components represented by each number in the figure are listed below: 1. Air compressor; 2. DC / DC converter; 3. Inverter (PCS); 4. Hot and cold water unit; 5. Solid hydrogen storage device; 6. Lithium battery; 7. Heat pipe; 8. Heat storage tank; 9. Temperature sensor T2; 10. Temperature sensor T3; 11. Temperature sensor T4; 12. Temperature sensor T5; 13. Temperature sensor T6; 14. Controller; 15. Electric valve MV6; 16. Temperature sensor T1; 17. Electric valve MV1; 18. Electric valve MV2; 19. Electric valve MV3; 20. Electric valve MV4; 21. Electric valve MV5. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1. This invention provides a technical solution: a waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system, comprising: a heat-generating component; the heat-generating component includes an air compressor 1, a DC / DC converter 2, an inverter (PCS) 3, a chiller / hot water unit 4, a solid hydrogen storage device 5, and a lithium battery 6; and a waste heat collection module: composed of multiple heat pipes 7 attached to each other; the heat pipes 7 are respectively disposed on the heat dissipation surface of the air compressor 1, the heat dissipation surface of the DC / DC converter 2, the heat dissipation surface of the inverter (PCS) 3, the cooling fan of the chiller / hot water unit 4, the outer periphery of the solid hydrogen storage device 5, and the outer periphery of the lithium battery 6; the heat pipes 7 are used to absorb the waste heat generated during the operation of each component; and a heat storage module: including a heat storage tank 8 and a low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the tank, and the heat storage tank 8 is provided with a waste heat output channel, and each heat pipe 7 is respectively provided with an electric valve MV1 17, an electric valve MV2 18, an electric valve MV3 19, an electric valve MV4 20, and an electric valve MV5 on the waste heat transmission channel connected to the heat storage tank 8. 21. Electric valve MV6 15; The electric valve MV1 17 remains open during fuel cell system startup, and the recovered waste heat can be supplied to the solid hydrogen storage device 5 in the hydrogen release state through the waste heat transmission channel; The heat storage tank 8 is connected to each waste heat collection module through the waste heat transmission channel, which connects each fitted heat pipe 7 to the heat storage tank 8 to achieve directional transport of waste heat. The waste heat output channel is made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance; Temperature monitoring module: including multiple temperature sensors, namely temperature sensor T1 16, temperature sensor T29, temperature sensor T3 10, temperature sensor T4 11, temperature sensor T5 12, and temperature sensor T6 13; Temperature sensor T29 is installed at the solid hydrogen storage device 5 to monitor its temperature during hydrogen charging; Temperature sensor T3 10 is installed at the lithium battery 6 to monitor its operating temperature; Temperature sensor T4 11 is installed at the chiller unit 4 to monitor its heat dissipation temperature; Temperature sensor T5 Temperature sensor T12 is located at inverter (PCS) 3 to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T6 13 is located at DC / DC converter 2 to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T1 16 is located inside heat storage tank 8 to monitor the heat storage temperature inside the tank; control module: includes controller 14 with signal receiving, processing and command sending functions, controller 14 is electrically connected to each temperature sensor and each electric valve, and is used to control the opening and closing of each corresponding electric valve according to the real-time temperature signal transmitted by each temperature sensor.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the contact surface between the heat pipe 7 and each heat-generating component is provided with a thermally conductive enhancement layer, which is a thermally conductive silicone or a thermally conductive ceramic coating.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the heat storage tank 8 is a paraffin-based heat storage material, a fatty acid-based heat storage material, or a composite latent heat storage material.

[0022] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the controller 14 is provided with a temperature threshold setting unit, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to each heat-generating component can be independently adjusted according to actual operating requirements. The preset temperature threshold corresponding to the air compressor 1 is 50-70℃, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the DC / DC converter 2 and the inverter (PCS) 3 is 60-90℃.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention, the inner wall of the waste heat transmission channel is provided with a heat insulation layer, which is made of rock wool, aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel material, to reduce the loss of waste heat during the transmission process.

[0024] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the controller 14 is also provided with a visual monitoring interface for displaying the monitoring data of each temperature sensor in real time; the on / off status of the electric valves MV1 17, MV2 18, MV3 19, MV4 20, MV5 21, and MV6 15; and the real-time heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the electric valves MV1 17, MV2 18, MV3 19, MV4 20, MV5 21, and MV6 15 are all electromagnetic control valves or electric ball valves.

[0026] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall of the heat storage tank 8 is provided with an insulation shell, and polyurethane insulation material is filled between the insulation shell and the tank wall of the heat storage tank 8 to further reduce the loss of residual heat inside the tank.

[0027] Working principle: The air compressor 1, DC / DC converter 2, inverter PCS3, and hot and cold water unit 4 dissipate heat through heat dissipation fins and cooling fans. This patent collects the heat energy of this part and designs a flow channel. The internal flow channel adopts heat pipe 77 to transport heat to the heat storage tank 8 of low-temperature latent heat storage material through the flow channel for heat storage.

[0028] During hydrogen charging, the heat generated by the solid hydrogen storage device 5 is collected. A flow channel is designed, and the internal flow channel adopts the form of heat pipe 7. The heat is transported through the flow channel to the heat storage tank 8 of the low-temperature latent heat storage material for heat storage.

[0029] The controller 14 screen displays temperatures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which allows for real-time monitoring of the generated heat.

[0030] Operating logic: The solid hydrogen storage device 5 releases a large amount of heat during the hydrogen filling process. Heat pipes 7 are installed around the solid hydrogen storage device 5. The heat pipes 7 are used to absorb the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage device 5 during hydrogen filling. Temperature sensor T29 monitors the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage device 5 in real time during hydrogen filling. When the set value is reached, the controller 14 transmits a signal to the electric valve MV2 18. The electric valve MV2 18 opens, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 8 through the flow channel.

[0031] The heat generated by the lithium battery 6 during operation is dissipated by a cooling fan. A heat pipe 7 and a flow channel are installed at the cooling fan. The heat pipe 7 is used to absorb the heat dissipated by the cooling fan. The temperature sensor T3 monitors the heat generated by the lithium battery 6 during operation in real time. When the set value is reached, the controller 14 transmits a signal to the electric valve MV3 19. The electric valve MV3 19 opens, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 8 through the flow channel.

[0032] During operation, the hot and cold water unit 4 generates a large amount of heat, which is dissipated through a cooling fan. The cooling fan is equipped with a heat pipe 7 and a flow channel. The heat pipe 7 is used to absorb the heat dissipated by the cooling fan. The temperature sensor T4 11 monitors the large amount of heat generated during the operation of the hot and cold water unit in real time. When the set value is reached, the controller transmits a signal to the electric valve MV4 20, which opens the electric valve MV4 20, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 8 through the flow channel.

[0033] The inverter (PCS) 3 generates a large amount of heat during operation, which is dissipated by a cooling fan. The cooling fan is equipped with a heat pipe 7 and a flow channel. The heat pipe 7 is used to absorb the heat dissipated by the cooling fan. The temperature sensor T512 monitors the large amount of heat generated by the inverter (PCS) 3 during operation in real time. When the set value is reached, the controller 14 transmits a signal to the electric valve MV5 21. The electric valve MV5 21 opens, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 8 through the flow channel.

[0034] The DC / DC converter 2 generates a large amount of heat during operation, which is dissipated by a cooling fan. The cooling fan is equipped with a heat pipe 7 and a flow channel. The heat pipe 7 is used to absorb the heat dissipated by the cooling fan. The temperature sensor T613 monitors the large amount of heat generated by the DC / DC converter 2 in real time. When the set value is reached, the controller 14 transmits a signal to the electric valve MV6 15, which opens the electric valve MV6 15, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 8 through the flow channel.

[0035] A temperature sensor T1 16 is installed inside the heat storage tank 8. The material filled inside the heat storage tank 8 is a low-temperature latent heat storage material used to collect and store heat. The temperature sensor T1 16 monitors the temperature inside the heat storage tank 8 in real time. When the temperature reaches the set temperature, the electric valve MV6 15 opens, and the heat flows out and is used where needed, such as in the solid hydrogen storage device 5 when releasing hydrogen. When the fuel cell system is started, the electric valve MV1 17 remains open.

Claims

1. A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system, comprising: The heat-generating components include an air compressor (1), a DC / DC converter (2), an inverter (3), a chiller / hot water unit (4), a solid-state hydrogen storage device (5), and a lithium battery (6); characterized in that: it also includes a waste heat collection module: composed of multiple heat pipes (7) in contact with each other; the heat pipes (7) are respectively disposed on the heat dissipation surface of the air compressor (1), the DC / DC converter (2), the inverter (3), the chiller / hot water unit (4), the solid-state hydrogen storage device (5), and the lithium battery (6); the heat-generating components include an air compressor (1), a DC / DC converter (2), an inverter (3), a chiller / hot water unit (4), a solid-state hydrogen storage device (5), and a lithium battery (6); characterized in that: it also includes a waste heat collection module: composed of multiple heat pipes (7) in contact with each other; the heat pipes (7) are respectively disposed on the heat dissipation surface of the air compressor (1), the DC / DC converter (2), the chiller / hot water unit (4), the solid-state hydrogen storage device (5), and the lithium battery (6); The heat dissipation surface of the converter (2), the heat dissipation surface of the inverter (3), the cooling fan of the chiller unit (4), the outer periphery of the solid hydrogen storage device (5), and the outer periphery of the lithium battery (6); the heat pipe (7) is used to absorb the waste heat generated during the operation of each component; the heat storage module includes a heat storage tank (8) and a low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the tank, and the heat storage tank (8) is provided with a waste heat output channel, and each heat pipe (7) is connected to the heat storage tank (8) and the waste heat transmission channel is respectively provided with electric valves MV1 (17), MV2 (18), MV3 (19), MV4 (20), and MV5 (21). Electric valve MV6 (15); the electric valve MV1 (17) remains open during fuel cell system startup, and the recovered waste heat can be supplied to the solid hydrogen storage device (5) in the hydrogen release state through the waste heat transmission channel; the heat storage tank (8) is connected to each waste heat collection module through the waste heat transmission channel, and the waste heat transmission channel is connected to each fitted heat pipe (7) and the heat storage tank (8) respectively to realize the directional transportation of waste heat. The waste heat output channel is made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance; temperature monitoring module: includes multiple temperature sensors, namely temperature sensor T1 (16), temperature sensor T2 (9), and temperature sensor T (3). (10), temperature sensor T4 (11), temperature sensor T5 (12), temperature sensor T6 (13); temperature sensor T2 (9) is installed at the solid hydrogen storage device (5) to monitor its temperature during the hydrogen charging process; temperature sensor T3 (10) is installed at the lithium battery (6) to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T4 (11) is installed at the hot and cold water unit (4) to monitor its heat dissipation temperature; temperature sensor T5 (12) is installed at the inverter (PCS) (3) to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T6 (13) is installed at the DC / DC converter (2) to monitor its operating temperature; temperature sensor T1 (16) is installed in the heat storage tank (8) to monitor the heat storage temperature in the tank; control module: includes a controller (14) with signal receiving, processing and command sending functions, the controller (14) is electrically connected to each temperature sensor and each electric valve respectively, and is used to control the opening and closing of each corresponding electric valve according to the real-time temperature signal transmitted by each temperature sensor.

2. The waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface between the heat pipe (7) and each heat-generating component is provided with a thermally conductive enhancement layer, which is a thermally conductive silicone or thermally conductive ceramic coating.

3. The waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature latent heat storage material filled in the heat storage tank (8) is a paraffin-based heat storage material, a fatty acid-based heat storage material, or a composite latent heat storage material.

4. The waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (14) is equipped with a temperature threshold setting unit. The preset temperature threshold of each heat-generating component can be independently adjusted according to actual operating requirements. The preset temperature threshold of the DC / DC converter (2) and the inverter (3) is 60-90℃.

5. A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the waste heat transmission channel is provided with a heat insulation layer, which is made of rock wool, aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel material, to reduce the loss of waste heat during the transmission process.

6. A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (14) is also equipped with a visual monitoring interface for real-time display of the monitoring data of each temperature sensor; the on / off status of the electric valves MV1 (17), MV2 (18), MV3 (19), MV4 (20), MV5 (21), and MV6 (15) and the real-time heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank.

7. A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric valves MV1 (17), MV2 (18), MV3 (19), MV4 (20), MV5 (21), and MV6 (15) are all electromagnetic control valves or electric ball valves.

8. A waste heat recovery system for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the heat storage tank (8) is provided with an insulation shell, and polyurethane insulation material is filled between the insulation shell and the tank wall of the heat storage tank (8) to further reduce the loss of residual heat inside the tank.

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