Fuel cell system of air vortex tube and thermal management method of fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell system of an air vortex tube and a thermal management method of the fuel cell system. The system consists of an air vortex tube assembly, a heat exchange system and an electric pile, an air inlet pipeline of the electric pile is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an electric pile air inlet through a humidifier, and the other path is connected with a cooling water inlet and outlet of the electric pile through an air vortex tube assembly and a heat exchange system. The air vortex tube and the plate heat exchanger are integrated on the fuel cell system, so that the fuel cell system has the advantages of fewer parts, low failure rate, simplicity in maintenance and lower cost. In addition, the air vortex tube and the plate heat exchanger are integrated on the fuel cell system, the structure is simple, the number of parts is small, the temperature control precision is high, and a thermal management control strategy can be verified in a laboratory.

Description

A fuel cell system with an air vortex tube and its thermal management method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, specifically relating to a fuel cell system with an air vortex tube and its thermal management method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and increasing environmental awareness, clean energy vehicles have gradually become a key focus for governments and enterprises worldwide. Fuel cell vehicles, as an emerging type of clean energy vehicle, are characterized by zero emissions, high efficiency, and low noise, and they use renewable energy or traditional fuels as fuel to generate electricity through electrochemical reactions. Fuel cells have significant application value in transportation, energy supply, and portable devices.

[0003] However, fuel cells face numerous challenges in thermal management and gas regulation during operation. Traditional thermal management systems are often complex in structure, consume a lot of energy, and have insufficient waste heat utilization; gas regulation systems also have many shortcomings in terms of gas pressure, temperature, humidity control, and gas supply stability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative technical solution to improve the performance of fuel cell systems.

[0004] Traditional fuel cell test benches are complex in structure, with numerous components, intricate electrical designs, and extensive software control logic. Firstly, this increases the cost of manufacturing the test bench. To meet the diverse testing requirements of different types of fuel cells, additional design and fabrication are needed, further increasing costs. Secondly, such a complex test bench leads to a higher failure rate and more difficult maintenance during use, with both software and hardware maintenance increasing costs.

[0005] Traditional fuel cell test benches rely on plate heat exchangers to cool fuel cells, requiring a separate cooling tower system. This results in large equipment and a large floor space.

[0006] Traditional fuel cell test benches have poor water temperature control accuracy, often deviating significantly from the target temperature. They also cannot verify the thermal management control strategy of the vehicle's fuel system, which is detrimental to the research and development and production of fuel cell systems.

[0007] Traditional vehicle radiators occupy significant space and are difficult to install. This solution addresses this problem, and the fuel cell system's heat dissipation has been verified through factory testing, eliminating the need to verify heat dissipation on the vehicle itself. Traditional fuel cell systems also face challenges in cold starts at low temperatures, requiring auxiliary heating equipment with lengthy heating times, which is detrimental to vehicle operation in winter. This solution resolves both the heating difficulties and the extended heating time in winter environments. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a fuel cell system with an air vortex tube and its thermal management method, solving the following technical problems.

[0009] 1. Existing fuel cells require large fan radiators and complex cooling piping systems, necessitating significant space for fan-type radiators. In contrast, using an air vortex tube to cool plate heat exchangers via cold-end outlet air solves the thermal management problem of the fuel cell system. This eliminates the need for large plate heat exchangers, allowing for a compact integration with the fuel cell system and improving water temperature control accuracy.

[0010] 2. The existing fuel cell cooling water pipe layout in vehicles is long and requires a large amount of water, resulting in a prolonged heating time to the target water temperature during cold start-up and load testing. However, utilizing air vortex tubes and plate heat exchangers allows for a more compact layout with the fuel cell system, shorter water pipes, and the use of air from the hot end of the air vortex tubes to heat the plate heat exchangers, thus reducing the cold start-up time of the fuel cell system.

[0011] Current fuel cell systems require a long heating time to start up in low-temperature environments. This is achieved by using a PTC heater or an air compressor to heat the water in the small circulation loop of the intercooler. However, by using air from the hot end outlet of an air vortex tube to heat both the small circulation loop and the large circulation loop of a plate heat exchanger, the cold start time in low-temperature environments can be reduced.

[0012] 3. Existing fan-type radiators require longer piping, necessitating the selection of high-head water pumps, which increases pump power and overall system auxiliary power. In fuel cell systems, the combination of air vortex tubes and plate heat exchangers results in shorter piping, requiring shorter pump heads and lower pump power, thus reducing system auxiliary power.

[0013] 4. This solution addresses the issue of existing fuel cell systems requiring extensive auxiliary equipment for factory testing, including plate radiators and cooling towers that occupy significant space. By integrating air vortex tubes and plate heat exchangers into the fuel cell system, and utilizing the air vortex tubes for heat dissipation, the required auxiliary equipment and space for factory testing of the fuel cell system are saved.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an air vortex tube fuel cell system, comprising an air vortex tube assembly, a heat exchange system and a fuel cell stack; the air inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through a humidifier, and the other is connected to the cooling water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack through the air vortex tube assembly and the heat exchange system.

[0015] Further, the air vortex tube assembly includes a vortex generator, a cold-end tube, a hot-end tube, a cold-end regulating valve, and a hot-end regulating valve; the heat exchange system includes a coolant circulation pipeline, a plate heat exchanger, and a water pump; the vortex generator internally has a cold-end tube and a hot-end tube; after the air inlet of the vortex generator enters the vortex generator, the left and right sides are respectively the cold-end tube and the hot-end tube; the cold air outlet of the cold-end tube is connected to the cold-end regulating valve; the hot air outlet of the hot-end tube is connected to the hot-end regulating valve; the cold-end regulating valve and the hot-end regulating valve are connected to the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline, the cooling water outlet of the plate heat exchanger is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is sequentially connected to the water pump and the cooling water inlet of the plate heat exchanger. In this invention, after compressed air enters the vortex generator, it rotates at high speed inside and is separated into a cold air stream and a hot air stream. The cold-end tube is connected to the cold-end outlet of the vortex generator, and the hot-end tube is connected to the hot-end outlet. A cold-end regulating valve is installed on the cold-end pipe to regulate the flow rate of cold air; a hot-end regulating valve is installed on the hot-end pipe to regulate the flow rate of hot air. In the heat exchange system, the coolant circulates inside the fuel cell stack, absorbing heat and then dissipating it through plate heat exchangers. Air cooling at the cold-end outlet of the air vortex tube is used to dissipate heat from the fuel cell stack, while air from the hot-end outlet of the air vortex tube heats the plate heat exchangers, ultimately heating the cooling water in the fuel cell stack and increasing the time required for the stack reaction to reach the desired temperature.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a control system; the control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a controller, the controller being electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, and the actuators; temperature and pressure sensors are installed at the air inlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet, air inlet of the plate heat exchanger, air vortex tube assembly inlet, humidifier inlet, and air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the actuators include an air compressor, a water pump, and valves. In this invention, the pressure sensor is installed at locations such as the air intake duct to monitor gas pressure. The controller, based on the data collected by the sensors, controls the speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the cold-end regulating valve and the hot-end regulating valve to control the water temperature stability of the fuel cell stack.

[0017] Furthermore, an air tank is installed on the air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet of the air tank is divided into two paths; the inlet of the air tank is sequentially connected to an air compressor and an air filter.

[0018] Furthermore, a water tank is connected in parallel to the cooling water outlet pipe of the plate heat exchanger.

[0019] Furthermore, an integrated sensor combining a flow meter and a thermometer is installed between the air compressor and the air filter.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a first two-way valve, a second two-way valve, a third two-way valve, and a fourth two-way valve; the first two-way valve is disposed on the pipeline between the gas tank and the humidifier; the second two-way valve is disposed on the pipeline between the gas tank and the air vortex tube assembly; the third two-way valve is disposed on the air outlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack; and the fourth two-way valve is disposed on the atmospheric exhaust pipe of the plate heat exchanger.

[0021] Further, the temperature sensors are a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, a fifth temperature sensor, a sixth temperature sensor, and a seventh temperature sensor; the pressure sensors include a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor, a fourth pressure sensor, a fifth pressure sensor, a sixth pressure sensor, a seventh pressure sensor, and an eighth pressure sensor; the first temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor are located at the inlet of the gas tank; the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are located at the inlet of the humidifier; the third temperature sensor and the third pressure sensor are located at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the fourth temperature sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are located at the inlet of the air vortex tube assembly; the fifth temperature sensor and the fifth pressure sensor are located at the inlet of the plate heat exchanger; the sixth temperature sensor and the sixth pressure sensor are located at the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the seventh temperature sensor and the seventh pressure sensor are located at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; and the eighth pressure sensor is located at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0022] The thermal management method of this invention is as follows: The heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack is absorbed by the coolant, which flows in the circulation pipeline. When the coolant temperature is low, between -40℃ and 0℃, the hot airflow at the hot end of the air vortex tube preheats the coolant, reducing the system heating time. When the coolant temperature is high, between 50℃ and 90℃, the cold airflow at the cold end of the air vortex tube dissipates heat from the coolant. Simultaneously, the controller adjusts the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the cold and hot end regulating valves of the vortex tube based on feedback from the temperature sensors. The controller collects real-time data from the sixth, seventh, and fourth temperature sensors, as well as the fourth pressure sensor. The controller program uses a predictive model algorithm to control the actuators—the air compressor, water pump, second two-way valve, cold end regulating valve, and hot end regulating valve. The temperature sensors are crucial components for real-time monitoring. The control target value of the program is coupled with the sensor data to achieve a closed-loop control program, controlling the temperature of the water entering the fuel cell stack and maintaining it within the optimal operating temperature range.

[0023] Specifically: 1. When the ambient temperature is normal, the system starts directly. First, it checks that the gas pressure in the gas tank is 101±10 kPa, other pressure sensor data is 101±5 kPa, and temperature sensor data is 25±10℃. If the sixth temperature sensor value has not reached the target temperature of 65±5℃, it controls the second two-way valve to close and opens the first and third two-way valves to control the incoming air pressure to reach the target pressure of 135±5 kPa gauge pressure until the system starts successfully. Then, it opens the second two-way valve. If the sixth temperature sensor value has not reached the target temperature T1′ 65±5℃, it controls the second two-way valve and the hot-end regulating valve according to the program to heat the hot-end air exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly, so that the sixth temperature sensor value quickly reaches the target temperature T2′ 55±5℃. Then close the hot-end regulating valve and adjust the cold-end regulating valve to allow the cold-end air of the air vortex tube assembly to dissipate heat from the heat exchanger. If the water temperature reaches the target temperature T3′75±5℃, fully open the second two-way valve and adjust the cold-end regulating valve to allow the cold-end air to quickly dissipate heat from the heat exchanger, so that the water temperature reaches the target temperature T1′. 2. When the ambient temperature is low (0℃~-40℃), the system will directly enter the cold start heating mode. First, the water pump will rotate at the target speed of 2000-3000 rpm. If the air pressure in the air tank is determined to be 101±10 kPa, the air compressor will be started. The second two-way valve and the hot-end regulating valve will be controlled according to the program, while the first two-way valve will be closed, allowing the hot-end air of the air vortex tube assembly to heat the heat exchanger, so that the value of the sixth temperature sensor reaches the target temperature T4′. 0℃~10℃, the system starts up, and then performs thermal management according to the normal temperature logic in step 1; 3. When the ambient temperature is high, if the temperature sensor in the integrated flow meter and thermometer sensor detects an ambient temperature ≥45℃, the control program will switch to high temperature operation mode; In this mode, when the value of the sixth temperature sensor reaches the target temperature of T1′ 65±5℃, it is necessary to increase the control of the air compressor, increase the speed by 30000±500rpm, fully open the second two-way valve, open the cold end regulating valve by 20±5%, and close the hot end regulating valve. After the system starts up, it will all follow the normal temperature logic in step 1.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) The present invention integrates the air vortex tube and plate heat exchanger into the fuel cell system, with fewer parts, lower failure rate, simple maintenance and lower cost.

[0025] (2) The present invention integrates the air vortex tube and the plate heat exchanger into the fuel cell system, which has a small space and simple structure, and is conducive to controlling the water temperature.

[0026] (3) The present invention integrates the air vortex tube and the plate heat exchanger into the fuel cell system. The structure is simple, the number of parts is small, the temperature control accuracy is high, and the thermal management control strategy can be verified in the laboratory. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air vortex tube assembly.

[0028] The components shown in the diagram are as follows: First pressure sensor P1, Second pressure sensor P2, Third pressure sensor P3, Fourth pressure sensor P4, Fifth pressure sensor P5, Sixth pressure sensor P6, Seventh pressure sensor P7, Eighth pressure sensor P8, First temperature sensor T1, Second temperature sensor T2, Third temperature sensor T3, Fourth temperature sensor T4, Fifth temperature sensor T5, Sixth temperature sensor T6, Seventh temperature sensor T7, First two-way valve F1, Second two-way valve F2, Third two-way valve F3, Fourth two-way valve F4, Cold end regulating valve F5, Hot end regulating valve F6, Flow meter and thermometer integrated sensor L1, Air filter K1, Air compressor K2, Air tank K3, Humidifier K4, Air vortex tube assembly K5, Water tank S1, S2, Plate heat exchanger, Water pump S3. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. For process parameters not specifically specified, conventional techniques can be referred to. Embodiment 1

[0030] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides an air vortex tube fuel cell system, comprising an air vortex tube assembly K5, a heat exchange system, a fuel cell stack, and a control system. The air inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the fuel cell stack air inlet via a humidifier K4, and the other is connected to the fuel cell stack cooling water inlet and outlet via the air vortex tube assembly K5 and the heat exchange system. The control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a controller, which is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and actuators. Temperature sensors and pressure sensors are installed at the air inlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet, air inlet of plate heat exchanger S2, inlet of air vortex tube assembly K5, inlet of humidifier K4, and air inlet of the fuel cell stack. The actuators include an air compressor, a water pump, and valves. In this embodiment, a gas tank K3 is installed on the air inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet of the gas tank K3 is divided into two paths. The inlet of the gas tank K3 is sequentially connected to the air compressor K2 and the air filter K1. A water tank S1 is also connected in parallel to the cooling water outlet pipe of the plate heat exchanger S2. A flow meter and thermometer integrated sensor L1 is installed between the air compressor K2 and the air filter K1.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2, the air vortex tube assembly K5 includes a vortex generator K51, a cold end tube K52, a hot end tube K53, a cold end regulating valve F5, and a hot end regulating valve F6; the heat exchange system includes a coolant circulation pipeline, a plate heat exchanger S2, and a water pump S3; the vortex generator K51 is internally equipped with a cold end tube K52 and a hot end tube K53; after the air inlet of the vortex generator K51 enters the vortex generator K51, the left and right sides are respectively cold end tubes. K52 and hot-end pipe K53; the cold air outlet of the cold-end pipe K52 is connected to the cold-end regulating valve F5; the hot air outlet of the hot-end pipe K53 is connected to the hot-end regulating valve F6; the cold-end regulating valve F5 and the hot-end regulating valve F6 are connected to the plate heat exchanger S2 through a pipeline; the cooling water outlet of the plate heat exchanger S2 is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is sequentially connected to the water pump S3 and the cooling water inlet of the plate heat exchanger S2.

[0032] This embodiment also includes a first two-way valve F1, a second two-way valve F2, a third two-way valve F3, and a fourth two-way valve F4, wherein F1-F4 are two-way valves and F5-F6 are three-way valves; the first two-way valve F1 is installed on the pipeline between the gas tank K3 and the humidifier K4; the second two-way valve F2 is installed on the pipeline between the gas tank K3 and the air vortex tube assembly K5; the third two-way valve F3 is installed on the air outlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack; and the fourth two-way valve F4 is installed on the atmospheric exhaust pipe of the plate heat exchanger S2.

[0033] In this embodiment, the temperature sensors are a first temperature sensor T1, a second temperature sensor T2, a third temperature sensor T3, a fourth temperature sensor T4, a fifth temperature sensor T5, a sixth temperature sensor T6, and a seventh temperature sensor T7; the pressure sensors include a first pressure sensor P1, a second pressure sensor P2, a third pressure sensor P3, a fourth pressure sensor P4, a fifth pressure sensor P5, a sixth pressure sensor P6, a seventh pressure sensor P7, and an eighth pressure sensor P8; the first temperature sensor T1 and the first pressure sensor P1 are located at the inlet of the gas tank K3; the second temperature sensor T1... 2. The second pressure sensor P2 is located at the inlet of the humidifier K4; the third temperature sensor T3 and the third pressure sensor P3 are located at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the fourth temperature sensor T4 and the fourth pressure sensor P4 are located at the inlet of the air vortex tube assembly K5; the fifth temperature sensor T5 and the fifth pressure sensor P5 are located at the inlet of the plate heat exchanger S2; the sixth temperature sensor T6 and the sixth pressure sensor P6 are located at the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the seventh temperature sensor T7 and the seventh pressure sensor P7 are located at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; and the eighth pressure sensor P8 is located at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack. Example 2

[0034] This embodiment uses the air vortex tube fuel cell system from Embodiment 1. The thermal management method of the air vortex tube fuel cell system is characterized by the following steps: 1. When the ambient temperature is at room temperature, the system starts directly. First, it is determined that the air pressure in the gas tank K3 is 101±10 kPa, the other pressure sensor data is 101±5 kPa, and the temperature sensor data is 25±10℃. If the value of the sixth temperature sensor T6 has not reached the target temperature of 65±5℃, the second two-way valve F2 is closed, and the first two-way valve F1 and the third two-way valve F3 are opened to control the air pressure entering the stack to reach the target air pressure of 135±5 kPa gauge pressure until the system starts successfully. Then, the second two-way valve F2 is opened again. If the value of the sixth temperature sensor T6 has not reached the target temperature T1′ 65±5℃, the second two-way valve F2 and the hot end regulating valve F6 are controlled according to the program to heat the hot end air of the air vortex tube assembly K5, so that the value of the sixth temperature sensor T6 quickly reaches the target temperature T2′ 55±5℃. Then close the hot-end regulating valve F6 and regulate the cold-end regulating valve F5 to heat the cold-end air heat exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly K5; if the water temperature reaches the target temperature T3′ 75±5℃, fully open the second two-way valve F2 and the cold-end regulating valve F5 to allow the cold-end air to quickly dissipate heat from the heat exchanger, so that the water temperature reaches the target temperature T1′; 2. When the ambient temperature is low (0℃~-40℃), the system will directly enter the cold start heating mode. First, the water pump will rotate at the target speed of 2000-3000 rpm, and the air pressure in the air tank K3 will be judged to be 101±10 kPa. Then, the air compressor will start and control the second two-way valve F2 and the hot-end regulating valve F6 according to the program. The first two-way valve F1 will be closed, so that the hot-end air heat exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly K5 heats the water, and the value of the sixth temperature sensor T6 reaches the target temperature T4′. 0℃~10℃, the system starts up, and then performs thermal management according to the normal temperature logic in step 1; 3. When the ambient temperature is high, if the temperature sensor in the integrated flow meter and thermometer sensor L1 detects an ambient temperature ≥45℃, the control program will switch to high temperature operation mode; In this mode, when the value of the sixth temperature sensor T6 reaches the target temperature of T1′ 65±5℃, it is necessary to increase the adjustment of the air compressor K2, increase the speed by 30000±500rpm, fully open the second two-way valve F2, open the cold end regulating valve F5 by 20±5%, and close the hot end regulating valve F6. After the system starts up, it will all follow the normal temperature logic in step 1.

[0035] The above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system with an air vortex tube, characterized in that, It consists of an air vortex tube assembly (K5), a heat exchange system, and a fuel cell stack. The air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through a humidifier (K4), and the other is connected to the cooling water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack through the air vortex tube assembly (K5) and the heat exchange system.

2. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air vortex tube assembly (K5) includes a vortex generator (K51), a cold-end tube (K52), a hot-end tube (K53), a cold-end regulating valve (F5), and a hot-end regulating valve (F6); the heat exchange system includes a coolant circulation pipeline, a plate heat exchanger (S2), and a water pump (S3); the vortex generator (K51) is internally equipped with a cold-end tube (K52) and a hot-end tube (K53); after the air inlet of the vortex generator (K51) enters the vortex generator (K51), the cold-end tube (K52) is located on the left and right sides respectively. 52) and hot end pipe (K53); the cold air outlet of the cold end pipe (K52) is connected to the cold end regulating valve (F5); the hot air outlet of the hot end pipe (K53) is connected to the hot end regulating valve (F6); the cold end regulating valve (F5) and the hot end regulating valve (F6) are connected to the plate heat exchanger (S2) through a pipeline, the cooling water outlet of the plate heat exchanger (S2) is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is sequentially connected to the water pump (S3) and the cooling water inlet of the plate heat exchanger (S2).

3. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control system; the control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the actuator; temperature sensors and pressure sensors are installed at the air inlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet, air inlet of plate heat exchanger (S2), air vortex tube assembly (K5) inlet, humidifier (K4) inlet and air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the actuators include an air compressor, a water pump and valves.

4. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air tank (K3) is installed on the air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack. The outlet of the air tank (K3) is divided into two paths. The inlet of the air tank (K3) is connected to the air compressor (K2) and the air filter (K1) in sequence.

5. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, A water tank (S1) is also connected in parallel on the cooling water outlet pipe of the plate heat exchanger (S2).

6. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 4, characterized in that, A flow meter and thermometer integrated sensor (L1) is installed between the air compressor (K2) and the air filter (K1).

7. A fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a first two-way valve (F1), a second two-way valve (F2), a third two-way valve (F3), and a fourth two-way valve (F4); the first two-way valve (F1) is installed on the pipeline between the gas tank (K3) and the humidifier (K4); the second two-way valve (F2) is installed on the pipeline between the gas tank (K3) and the air vortex tube assembly (K5); the third two-way valve (F3) is installed on the air outlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack; and the fourth two-way valve (F4) is installed on the atmospheric exhaust pipe of the plate heat exchanger (S2).

8. The fuel cell system with an air vortex tube according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature sensors are a first temperature sensor (T1), a second temperature sensor (T2), a third temperature sensor (T3), a fourth temperature sensor (T4), a fifth temperature sensor (T5), a sixth temperature sensor (T6), and a seventh temperature sensor (T7); the pressure sensors include a first pressure sensor (P1), a second pressure sensor (P2), a third pressure sensor (P3), a fourth pressure sensor (P4), a fifth pressure sensor (P5), a sixth pressure sensor (P6), a seventh pressure sensor (P7), and an eighth pressure sensor (P8); the first temperature sensor (T1) and the first pressure sensor (P1) are located at the inlet of the gas tank (K3); the second temperature sensor (T1) The third temperature sensor (T2) and the second pressure sensor (P2) are located at the inlet of the humidifier (K4); the third temperature sensor (T3) and the third pressure sensor (P3) are located at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the fourth temperature sensor (T4) and the fourth pressure sensor (P4) are located at the inlet of the air vortex tube assembly (K5); the fifth temperature sensor (T5) and the fifth pressure sensor (P5) are located at the inlet of the plate heat exchanger (S2); the sixth temperature sensor (T6) and the sixth pressure sensor (P6) are located at the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the seventh temperature sensor (T7) and the seventh pressure sensor (P7) are located at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; and the eighth pressure sensor (P8) is located at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack.

9. A thermal management method for a fuel cell system employing the air vortex tube according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The system includes the following steps: (1) When the ambient temperature is normal, the system starts directly. First, it is determined that the gas pressure in the gas tank (K3) is 101±10 kPa, the other pressure sensor data is 101±5 kPa, and the temperature sensor data is 25±10℃. When the value of the sixth temperature sensor (T6) has not reached the target temperature of 65±5℃, the second two-way valve (F2) is closed, and the first two-way valve (F1) and the third two-way valve (F3) are opened to control the air pressure entering the stack to reach the target gas pressure of 135±5 kPa gauge pressure until the system starts successfully. Then, the second two-way valve (F2) is opened again. When the value of the sixth temperature sensor (T6) has not reached the target temperature T1′ 65±5℃, the second two-way valve (F2) and the hot end regulating valve (F6) are controlled according to the program to make the hot end air heating heat exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly (K5) so that the value of the sixth temperature sensor (T6) quickly reaches the target temperature T2′ 55±5℃. Then close the hot end regulating valve (F6) and adjust the cold end regulating valve (F5) to make the cold end air heat exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly (K5) dissipate heat. If the water temperature reaches the target temperature T3′ 75±5℃, fully open the second two-way valve (F2) and the cold end regulating valve (F5) to make the cold end air quickly dissipate heat to the heat exchanger and make the water temperature reach the target temperature T1′. (2) When the ambient temperature is low (0℃~-40℃), the system will directly enter the cold start heating mode. First, the water pump will rotate at the target speed of 2000-3000rpm. It is judged that the air pressure in the air tank (K3) is 101±10kpa. Then the air compressor will be started. The second two-way valve (F2) and the hot end regulating valve (F6) will be controlled according to the program. The first two-way valve (F1) will be closed to make the hot end air heat exchanger of the air vortex tube assembly (K5) heat up and make the value of the sixth temperature sensor (T6) reach the target temperature T4′. 0℃~10℃, the system starts, and then thermal management is performed according to the normal temperature logic of step 1; (3) When the ambient temperature is high, when the temperature sensor in the integrated flow meter and thermometer sensor (L1) detects an ambient temperature ≥45℃, the control program will switch to high temperature operation mode; In this mode, when the value of the sixth temperature sensor (T6) reaches the target temperature of T1′ 65±5℃, it is necessary to increase the control of the air compressor (K2), increase the speed by 30000±500rpm, fully open the second two-way valve (F2), open the cold end regulating valve (F5) by 20±5%, and close the hot end regulating valve (F6). After the system starts, it is all performed according to the normal temperature logic of step 1.

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