Energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway. The energy storage battery device comprises a box body and two battery modules, the battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells which are transversely arranged at intervals in the height direction of the box body, and a heat insulation part is arranged between every two adjacent battery cells; a first explosion-proof valve is arranged in the middle of the front side of each battery cell, a pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe is arranged on the front side of each battery module, the pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe covers all the first explosion-proof valves of the corresponding battery module, and independent pressure relief and exhaust channels are formed in the positions, corresponding to the first explosion-proof valves, of the pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe; the front sides of the two groups of battery modules are provided with a pressure relief and exhaust space defined by first epoxy plates, the pressure relief and exhaust space is communicated with all the pressure relief and exhaust channels, a fire extinguishing device is arranged in the pressure relief and exhaust space, and the bottom of the box body is provided with a second anti-explosion valve. The overall structure is compact, and the problems that the heat insulation design of an energy storage battery is incomplete, thermal runaway is prone to spreading, and pressure relief and fire extinguishing measures are insufficient are effectively solved.

Description

A battery device to prevent thermal runaway Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and more specifically to an energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, energy storage batteries, as core equipment for energy storage and dispatch, are increasingly widely used in photovoltaic, wind power, industrial and commercial energy storage, and residential energy storage. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become the mainstream choice in the energy storage battery field due to their advantages such as long cycle life, relatively high safety, and controllable cost. However, they still have the inherent risk of thermal runaway, and as the energy density of energy storage batteries increases, the safety hazards caused by thermal runaway become increasingly prominent.

[0003] Thermal runaway in lithium iron phosphate batteries occurs when a cell undergoes a violent exothermic chemical reaction under conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, high temperatures, or mechanical impact. This reaction triggers a chain reaction, leading to a rapid increase in temperature, the production of large amounts of flammable and toxic gases, casing rupture, and even flames. If thermal runaway is not controlled promptly and effectively, it can have the following serious consequences: First, heat conduction between cells can cause the runaway to spread rapidly, from a single cell to the entire battery module, ultimately causing the failure of the entire energy storage battery device. Second, the large amount of gas generated by thermal runaway can cause a sharp increase in internal pressure of the battery casing, potentially leading to an explosion and debris impact damage. Third, the combination of high temperatures and flammable gases can easily ignite a fire; if the fire spreads, it can endanger surrounding equipment and the lives and property of people, causing significant economic losses and safety incidents for energy storage projects.

[0004] Existing energy storage battery devices suffer from numerous technical deficiencies in thermal runaway protection, making it difficult to effectively curb the occurrence and spread of thermal runaway: First, the thermal insulation design of battery modules is inadequate. Most devices only use a single thermal insulation pad between cells, resulting in poor insulation and ineffective blocking of the heat conduction path between cells. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway, heat is rapidly transferred to adjacent cells, leading to a chain reaction of thermal runaway. Second, there is a lack of efficient pressure relief and explosion-proof measures. Some devices do not have dedicated pressure relief structures, preventing the rapid release of large amounts of gas generated by thermal runaway and easily causing the casing to explode. Third, fire extinguishing measures are lagging and ineffective. Most existing devices do not have built-in active fire suppression components and rely solely on external fire suppression systems. However, external fire suppression systems are unlikely to achieve precise fire suppression in the early stages of thermal runaway, missing the best opportunity to control the fire.

[0005] Therefore, developing an energy storage battery device that can effectively block heat conduction, rapidly depressurize, and promptly extinguish initial fires to prevent thermal runaway has become the key to solving the safety problem of lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems of imperfect thermal insulation design, easy spread of thermal runaway, and insufficient pressure relief and fire extinguishing measures in the existing technology of energy storage batteries, the present invention provides an energy storage battery device to prevent thermal runaway.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0008] A thermal runaway-preventing energy storage battery device includes a housing and two sets of battery modules arranged symmetrically and spaced apart within the housing. Each battery module includes several cells arranged laterally along the height of the housing, with a heat insulation component between adjacent cells. Each cell has a first explosion-proof valve at its front center, and each set of battery modules has a pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe at its front, covering all the first explosion-proof valves of the corresponding battery module. Each pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe forms an independent pressure relief and exhaust channel corresponding to the position of each first explosion-proof valve. The front of both sets of battery modules has a pressure relief and exhaust space enclosed by a first epoxy board, which is connected to all the pressure relief and exhaust channels. A fire extinguishing device is installed in the pressure relief and exhaust space, which guides the high-pressure gas discharged from each pressure relief and exhaust channel to the bottom of the housing. A second explosion-proof valve is installed at the bottom of the housing.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulation component is one of a first PC sheet and a first aerogel sheet, and the first PC sheet and the first aerogel sheet in the battery module are arranged alternately.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second aerogel sheet is provided between the battery module and the corresponding pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet directions of the pressure relief and exhaust channels of the two pressure relief and exhaust guide pipes are arranged in opposite directions.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery module further includes an upper end plate and a lower end plate, each of the battery cells of the battery module is clamped between the upper end plate and the lower end plate, and the upper end plate, the lower end plate and each of the battery cells are locked and fixed by steel strips; the pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe corresponding to each group of battery modules is fixed at both ends to the upper end plate and the lower end plate by screws respectively.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the upper end plate and the lower end plate are made of sheet metal.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second epoxy plate and a second PC sheet are sequentially provided between the upper end plate, the lower end plate and the adjacent battery cell.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a third epoxy plate is provided on the rear side of the battery module.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a control component is provided inside the housing, the control component is located above the battery module, and the control component and the battery module are isolated by the first epoxy board; a protective cover is provided around the control component, the protective cover being formed by mica sheets.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cells in the same battery module are connected in series via aluminum busbars to form an electrical connection; the end cells of two sets of battery modules are connected in series via aluminum busbars to form an electrical connection.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing is made of sheet metal.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, casters are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the box, handles are provided on both the left and right side walls of the box, and a fixing frame is provided at the rear end of both the left and right side walls of the box.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. By alternately setting the first PC sheet and the first aerogel sheet between the battery cells, the second aerogel sheet between the battery module and the pressure relief guide tube, the second epoxy plate and the second PC sheet at the top and bottom of the battery module, and the third epoxy plate on the rear side of the battery module, together with the physical gaps between the battery modules, a comprehensive thermal insulation protection network is formed for the battery cells, modules, and devices. This network blocks heat conduction and heat radiation paths in all directions, effectively solving the problem of easy spread of thermal runaway. At the same time, heat dissipation channels are reserved on the left and right sides of the module to take into account both thermal runaway protection and daily heat dissipation needs.

[0022] 2. A tiered pressure relief system is designed, consisting of a cell-level first explosion-proof valve, a module-level independent pressure relief and exhaust channel, a device-level pressure relief and exhaust space, and a second explosion-proof valve at the bottom of the enclosure. With the channel outlets set in opposite directions, the system achieves precise release, independent guidance, bidirectional diversion, centralized flow guidance, and secondary pressure relief of the pressure relief gas. This effectively avoids the accumulation of pressure inside the device and structurally avoids the risk of enclosure explosion. At the same time, the pressure relief structure is integrated and fixed with the battery module, which improves the stability and reliability of the pressure relief system.

[0023] 3. By embedding the fire extinguishing device in the pressure relief and exhaust space, it can automatically activate in the early stage of thermal runaway. It can accurately extinguish the fire through a dual mechanism of chemical inhibition and physical cooling. Compared with traditional devices that rely on external fire protection systems, the fire extinguishing efficiency is greatly improved, and the fire spread is effectively prevented.

[0024] 4. The rigid reinforcement of the battery module is achieved through sheet metal end plates and steel strips. The sheet metal box provides a solid support for the internal components. The aluminum busbar rigid connection achieves a stable electrical connection of the battery cells. The casters, handles and fixing frames take into account the mobility and installation stability of the device. All protective components are deeply integrated with the device structure, which improves the mechanical stability and scene adaptability of the device while achieving a high level of protection.

[0025] 5. The device has a compact overall structure, combining mobility and installation stability. It has a high protection level and good electrical safety, and can be adapted to various energy storage scenarios such as photovoltaic, wind power, residential energy storage, and industrial and commercial energy storage. The selection of lithium iron phosphate cells takes into account both energy density and cycle life. The design of aluminum busbar connection and sheet metal structure reduces the difficulty of later maintenance of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is an exploded view of an energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of two battery modules in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is an exploded view of two battery modules in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram,

[0032] 1. Housing; 2. Battery module; 21. Battery cell; 211. First explosion-proof valve; 22. Thermal insulation component; 221. First PC sheet; 222. First aerogel sheet; 23. Upper end plate; 24. Lower end plate; 241. Module mounting bracket; 25. Steel strip; 26. Screw; 27. Second epoxy board; 28. Second PC sheet; 29. ​​Aluminum busbar; 3. Pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe; 31. Pressure relief and exhaust channel; 4. First epoxy board; 5. Second explosion-proof valve; 6. Fire extinguishing device; 7. Second aerogel sheet; 8. Third epoxy board; 9. Control components; 10. Mica sheet; 11. Casters; 12. Handle; 13. Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. It is also stated that the embodiments described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "installation," "setting," "connection," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Indications of orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying a number of technical features. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4. This embodiment provides an energy storage battery device to prevent thermal runaway, including a housing 1 and two sets of battery modules 2 arranged symmetrically and spaced apart within the housing 1. The physical gaps between the battery modules 2 can effectively block heat conduction and heat radiation, preventing heat from rapidly transferring to the other set of battery modules 2 when one set of battery modules 2 experiences thermal runaway, thus achieving basic thermal isolation between the modules. The housing 1 is made of sheet metal, possessing excellent mechanical strength and high-temperature resistance. It can provide robust structural support for the internal battery modules 2 and control components 9, resisting gas impact and shell expansion during thermal runaway and preventing the housing 1 from cracking. It can also effectively block damage to the internal components from external impacts and compression, while delaying deformation and aging of the housing 1 under high-temperature environments, improving the overall structural reliability of the device.

[0036] The battery module 2 includes several cells 21 arranged laterally at intervals along the height of the housing 1, with heat insulation components 22 between adjacent cells 21. Each cell 21 has a first explosion-proof valve 211 at the center of its front side. When a cell 21 experiences thermal runaway and generates high-pressure gas, it can directly release the gas from its own first explosion-proof valve 211, preventing the gas from failing to escape in time and causing the cell 21 casing to rupture and the thermal runaway to worsen. Each battery module 2 has a pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe 3 at its front side. The pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe 3 covers all the first explosion-proof valves 211 of the corresponding battery module 2, and each first explosion-proof valve 211 has an independent pressure relief and exhaust channel 31, ensuring that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas released by a single cell 21 is released along a dedicated path, avoiding mutual interference between the pressure relief gases of different cells 21 in the same module, and preventing the diffusion of hot gas inside the module. The front of each of the two battery modules 2 is provided with a pressure relief and exhaust space enclosed by a first epoxy plate 4, which is connected to all pressure relief and exhaust channels 31. The pressure relief and exhaust space is used to guide the high-pressure gas discharged from each pressure relief and exhaust channel 31 to the bottom of the cavity of the housing 1, realizing the centralized flow of the pressure relief gas and preventing high-temperature gas from accumulating on the upper part of the housing 1 or around the battery modules 2, causing local excessive temperature / pressure. At the same time, a second explosion-proof valve 5 located at the bottom of the housing 1 completes secondary pressure relief, balancing the internal and external pressure of the housing 1, and structurally eliminating the risk of explosion caused by a sudden increase in internal pressure in the housing 1. In addition, a fire extinguishing device 6 is provided in the pressure relief and exhaust space, preferably an aerosol fire extinguishing device. The aerosol fire extinguishing device is used to automatically release in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell 21 (temperature greater than a certain threshold). Through a dual fire extinguishing mechanism of chemical inhibition and physical cooling, it covers the burning surface and isolates oxygen, realizing effective control of the danger in the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the heat insulation component 22 is one of a first PC sheet 221 and a first aerogel sheet 222, and the first PC sheet 221 and the first aerogel sheet 222 in the battery module 2 are arranged alternately. The first aerogel sheet 222 has the core characteristics of ultra-low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, which can block heat conduction between battery cells 21 and resist high temperature heat radiation generated by thermal runaway. The first PC sheet 221 has the physical characteristics of high temperature resistance and deformation resistance, which can not only help block heat transfer, but also form physical support and limit for the battery cell 21, preventing contact heat conduction caused by thermal expansion of the battery cell 21. The alternating combination of the two heat insulation components 22 achieves the dual effect of heat insulation protection and structural support.

[0038] Referring to Figure 4, in some embodiments, a second aerogel sheet 7 is provided between the battery module 2 and the corresponding pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe 3. The second aerogel sheet 7 has both excellent heat insulation and high temperature resistance. It does not prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway of the cell 21 from rushing through and entering the corresponding pressure relief and exhaust channel 31, and it can effectively prevent the high-temperature gas from the thermal runaway of the cell 21 from spreading to other pressure relief and exhaust channels 31 through the pressure relief and exhaust space. This avoids the high-temperature gas from causing heat radiation and heat conduction to other cells 21 in the same group or another group of battery modules 2, thereby achieving thermal isolation between the runaway cell 21 and the normal cell 21 and preventing the cross-propagation of thermal runaway.

[0039] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the outlets of the pressure relief and exhaust channels 31 of the two pressure relief and exhaust guide pipes 3 are set in opposite directions, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from the two sets of battery modules 2 flows in opposite directions when entering the pressure relief and exhaust space, forming a bidirectional flow diversion effect. This avoids fluid congestion caused by all hot gas converging in the same direction in the space, effectively reduces the fluid resistance in the pressure relief and exhaust space, and accelerates the gas flow rate. At the same time, the flow diversion design can avoid the concentrated accumulation of hot gas, prevent the local temperature and pressure from rising sharply in the pressure relief and exhaust space, and ensure the structural stability of the pressure relief space.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the battery module 2 also includes an upper end plate 23 and a lower end plate 24 made of sheet metal. Each cell 21 of the battery module 2 is clamped between the upper end plate 23 and the lower end plate 24, and the upper end plate 23, the lower end plate 24 and each cell 21 are locked and fixed by steel strips 25 to form an integrated rigid structure of the battery module 2. This can not only ensure the neatness of the cell 21 arrangement and the stability of the electrical connection, but also effectively resist the thermal expansion deformation impact of the cell 21 during thermal runaway, prevent the module structure from collapsing and causing the cell 21 to contact and squeeze, and increase the heat conduction, thereby improving the structural reliability of the battery module 2 under thermal runaway conditions. Each battery module 2 has a corresponding pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe 3, with its two ends fixed to the upper end plate 23 and the lower end plate 24 by screws 26, respectively. This makes the pressure relief structure and the battery module 2 mechanically integrated, avoiding airflow impact and expansion of the battery cell 21 during thermal runaway, which could cause the guide pipe to shift or fall off. This ensures the alignment accuracy of the pressure relief and exhaust channel 31 with the first explosion-proof valve 211, ensuring that the pressure relief gas always flows along a dedicated path. At the same time, it improves the vibration resistance and deformation resistance of the pressure relief guide pipe, further ensuring the normal operation of the pressure relief system.

[0041] Furthermore, a second epoxy board 27 and a second PC sheet 28 are sequentially provided between the upper end plate 23, the lower end plate 24 and the adjacent battery cell 21. Utilizing the high temperature resistance and insulation properties of the epoxy board and the deformation resistance and auxiliary heat insulation properties of the PC sheet, the heat conduction path between the battery cell 21 and the upper end plate 23 and the lower end plate 24 is blocked, preventing the heat of the battery cell 21 from being transferred to the outside of the battery module 2 through the upper end plate 23 and the lower end plate 24. At the same time, it avoids electrical faults caused by high-temperature conductivity of the upper end plate 23 and the lower end plate 24, thus achieving dual protection of heat insulation and electrical protection for the upper and lower ends of the battery module 2. In addition, a third epoxy board 8 is installed on the rear side of the battery module 2, forming a heat insulation barrier on the rear side of the battery module 2. This blocks heat radiation and heat conduction from the battery module 2 to the rear side of the housing 1 in the event of thermal runaway, preventing a sudden increase in local temperature inside the housing 1. It also prevents contact heat conduction between the battery module 2 and other components inside the housing 1. This, together with the first epoxy board 4 on the front side of the battery module 2, forms a complementary heat insulation system, achieving top-bottom and front-back heat insulation for the battery module 2. No heat insulation structure is provided on the left and right sides of the battery module 2 to reserve heat dissipation channels, ensuring heat dissipation efficiency under normal operating conditions and balancing thermal runaway protection with daily heat dissipation needs.

[0042] Furthermore, a module fixing bracket 241 is fixed to one side of the lower end plate 24 by a screw 26. The bottom of the module fixing bracket 241 is fixed to the bottom of the housing 1 by a fastener (such as a screw), which effectively restricts the displacement and shaking of the battery module 2 in the housing 1, and prevents the battery module 2 from shifting or tipping over in the housing 1 due to vibration or external impact during transportation, installation and operation, and ensures that the preset installation position of the battery module 2 in the housing 1 remains unchanged.

[0043] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, a control component 9 is provided inside the housing 1. The control component 9 is located above the battery module 2, and the control component 9 and the battery module 2 are isolated by a first epoxy board 4. Utilizing the low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance of the first epoxy board 4, a physical thermal insulation barrier is formed between the battery module 2 and the control component 9, effectively blocking the transfer of heat from the battery module 2 to the control component 9 through heat conduction and heat radiation. This prevents the control component 9 from experiencing problems such as circuit board aging, component burnout, and program malfunction due to high temperatures, ensuring the normal operation of core control components such as the BMS and relays in the early stages of thermal runaway, and ensuring that the linkage commands of protective components such as the fire extinguishing device 6 can be effectively issued. In addition, a protective cover is provided around the control component 9, which is formed by a mica sheet 10. The mica sheet 10 possesses ultra-high temperature resistance, excellent electrical insulation, and thermal insulation properties. The protective cover formed by its enclosure provides all-round protection for the control component 9: on the one hand, it can effectively block the high-temperature gas and heat radiation in the pressure relief and exhaust space from attacking the control component 9, delaying the failure time of the control component 9 in a high-temperature environment; on the other hand, it can prevent conductive dust and high-temperature molten material inside the housing 1 from contacting the control component 9 and causing short circuits and leakage during thermal runaway, while also preventing electrical contact between the control component 9 and the metal structure of the housing 1, thus achieving dual protection of the control component 9 for high temperature protection and electrical insulation.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the cells 21 in the same battery module 2 are connected in series via aluminum busbars 29; the terminal cells 21 of two battery modules 2 are also connected in series via aluminum busbars 29. The aluminum busbars 29 possess excellent conductivity and heat dissipation properties. By using aluminum busbars 29 to connect the cells 21 in the same battery module 2, as well as the terminal cells 21 of two battery modules 2, in series, the electrical contact resistance between the cells 21 can be effectively reduced, Joule heating during current flow can be reduced, localized high temperatures due to excessive contact resistance can be avoided, the risk of thermal runaway of the cells 21 caused by electrical heating can be reduced, and the electrical operational safety of the device can be improved. The connection between the aluminum busbar 29 and the battery cell 21 is a rigid connection structure. Compared with the traditional flexible wire connection, it has stronger vibration and deformation resistance. It can effectively resist the structural impact caused by the thermal expansion of the battery cell 21 and the deformation of the battery module 2, prevent the electrical connection from falling off or loosening, ensure the circuit continuity of the battery module 2, and at the same time avoid the generation of electric arcs and sparks due to loose connection, prevent the ignition of flammable gases generated by thermal runaway, and avoid the occurrence of secondary fire accidents.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1. In some embodiments, casters 11 are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the housing 1, enabling the device to be movable and facilitating position adjustment during production, transportation, and installation. Handles 12 are provided on both the left and right side walls of the housing 1, providing support points for manual handling and further improving the ease of transport. Fixing frames 13 are provided at the rear ends of the left and right side walls of the housing 1, providing a reliable connection structure for on-site fixation of the device. The device can be firmly connected to walls, supports, or other fixed foundations using expansion bolts, brackets, etc., preventing the device from shifting or tipping due to vibration or external impact, ensuring the positional stability of the device during operation, and avoiding safety accidents caused by damage to the battery cell 21, pressure relief structure, and control components 9 due to the device tipping over.

[0046] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

[0047] The present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery storage device for preventing thermal runaway, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and two sets of battery modules arranged symmetrically and spaced apart within the housing. Each battery module includes several cells arranged laterally along the height of the housing, with heat insulation components between adjacent cells. Each cell has a first explosion-proof valve at its front center, and each set of battery modules has a pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe at its front. The pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe covers all the first explosion-proof valves of the corresponding battery module, and each pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe forms an independent pressure relief and exhaust channel corresponding to the position of each first explosion-proof valve. The front of both sets of battery modules has a pressure relief and exhaust space enclosed by a first epoxy board, which is connected to all the pressure relief and exhaust channels. A fire extinguishing device is installed in the pressure relief and exhaust space, which is used to guide the high-pressure gas discharged from each pressure relief and exhaust channel to the bottom of the housing. A second explosion-proof valve is installed at the bottom of the housing.

2. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation component is one of a first PC sheet and a first aerogel sheet, and the first PC sheet and the first aerogel sheet in the battery module are arranged alternately.

3. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second aerogel sheet is provided between the battery module and the corresponding pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe.

4. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet directions of the pressure relief and exhaust channels of the two pressure relief and exhaust guide pipes are set in opposite directions.

5. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module further includes an upper end plate and a lower end plate. Each of the battery cells in the battery module is clamped between the upper end plate and the lower end plate, and the upper end plate, the lower end plate, and each of the battery cells are locked and fixed by steel strips. The pressure relief and exhaust guide pipe corresponding to each group of battery modules is fixed at both ends to the upper end plate and the lower end plate by screws.

6. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second epoxy board and a second PC sheet are sequentially provided between the upper end plate, the lower end plate and the adjacent battery cell.

7. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear side of the battery module is covered with a third epoxy plate.

8. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing contains a control component located above the battery module, and the control component is isolated from the battery module by the first epoxy board. A protective cover is provided around the control component, and the protective cover is formed by mica sheets.

9. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the cells in the same battery module is connected in series via aluminum busbars to form an electrical connection; the end cells of two sets of battery modules are connected in series via aluminum busbars to form an electrical connection.

10. The energy storage battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure is made of sheet metal.

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