Curved surface self-adaptive self-energized tracking system and method for mobile assets

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things mobile asset tracking, in particular to a curved-surface self-adaptive self-energized tracking system and method for mobile assets, and the system comprises an ultrathin flexible secret packaging assembly, a flexible micron-sized photoelectric array collection module, an integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module, a miniature composite energy storage module and an on-chip intelligent control module. The core innovation is the flexible micron-sized photoelectric array, and the polyimide flexible substrate and the heterojunction photoelectric conversion layer are adopted, so that the weak light efficiency is improved by more than 60%, and the flexible micron-sized photoelectric array can be attached to any curved surface; the overall thickness of the system is less than or equal to 3mm, the volume is less than or equal to 5cm < 3 >, and dual-mode positioning and frequency hopping transmission are supported. And long-acting secret tracking is realized through intelligent electric quantity management, so that the method is suitable for various mobile assets.

Description

A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking system and method for mobile assets Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) mobile asset tracking technology, and more specifically, to a curved surface adaptive self-powered tracking system and method for mobile assets. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of IoT mobile asset tracking technology, miniaturization, surface adaptability, low-light adaptability, and concealment are core requirements for self-powered devices. However, traditional planar photovoltaic panels have insurmountable technical defects in this scenario: they use rigid glass or metal substrates, which cannot adapt to the curved surface deformation of mobile assets, easily creating gaps during bonding, significantly reducing the actual light-receiving area, and even making them difficult to fix; the cell design is geared towards strong light environments, and in indoor low-light or dark environments of 50-500 lux, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is close to zero, failing to meet the power supply requirements; the rigid substrate and encapsulation structure often result in a thickness exceeding 5mm, making them large, easily identifiable, and difficult to integrate into miniature devices for concealed deployment; furthermore, the fixed light-receiving angle, coupled with the continuous movement of mobile assets causing real-time changes in the light angle, results in intermittent energy collection, making it impossible to guarantee long-term system operation. These defects make traditional planar photovoltaic panels unsuitable for the concealed tracking requirements of mobile assets, urgently requiring a new photovoltaic self-powered solution that overcomes these limitations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art by proposing a surface adaptive self-powered tracking system and method for mobile assets, aiming to solve at least one of the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a curved surface adaptive self-powered tracking system for mobile assets, comprising: an ultra-thin flexible concealed encapsulation module with an overall thickness ≤3mm, employing a composite structure of an ultra-thin flexible light-transmitting insulating layer and a traceless adhesive film, wherein the flexible light-transmitting insulating layer has a light transmittance ≥85% and can adaptively deform with the curved surface of the mobile asset, serving to support internal functional modules; and a flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, comprising a micron-level photovoltaic unit array and a photoelectric sensing subunit supported on a flexible substrate, wherein the micron-level photovoltaic unit has a size of 50μm-200μm and an array arrangement density ≥100 units / cm². 2 The photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit is optimized for weak light response, and the photoelectric sensing subunit is used to capture the induced electrical energy generated by transient light intensity changes; the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module integrates a GPS or Beidou dual-mode satellite positioning unit, a Bluetooth AOA indoor positioning unit, and an NB-IoT / LoRa dual-mode low-power transmission unit, and the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module has a volume ≤1cm². 3A micro-composite energy storage module is electrically connected to the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module. The micro-composite energy storage module includes a micro supercapacitor and a thin-film lithium battery. The capacity of the micro-composite energy storage module is ≤100mAh, and it is used to store the electrical energy converted by the photoelectric energy acquisition module. An on-chip intelligent control module adopts a SOC chip integrated design, integrating control, computing, and storage functions. It is electrically connected to the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module, and the micro-composite energy storage module, respectively. It is used to monitor the stored energy in real time, dynamically adjust the positioning transmission frequency according to the energy level, and control the working mode of the photoelectric array.

[0005] Secondly, this invention provides a curved surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets, comprising the following steps: attaching the ultra-thin flexible concealed packaging module to the curved surface of the mobile asset, and seamlessly fixing it with a traceless adhesive film; the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module deforms with the packaging component, maintaining a tight fit with the curved surface and maximizing the light-receiving area; activating the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, where the micron-level photovoltaic unit array captures ambient light energy and converts it into electrical energy, and the photoelectric sensing subunit captures induced electrical energy from transient light intensity changes; both types of electrical energy are rectified and regulated before being stored in the micro composite energy storage module; the on-chip intelligent control module monitors the power of the micro composite energy storage module in real time; when the power is ≥ a preset threshold A, it controls the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module to acquire and upload location information at a preset first frequency; when the power is < a preset threshold A and ≥ a preset threshold B, it switches to the second frequency; when the power is < a preset threshold B, it disables the positioning transmission function, retaining only the photoelectric energy acquisition function; and the background server receives the positioning data for real-time tracking and management of the mobile asset.

[0006] In some embodiments, the flexible substrate of the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module is made of polyimide material.

[0007] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit adopts an amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterostructure with a weak light responsivity ≥0.3A / W.

[0008] In some embodiments, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module supports frequency hopping transmission.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preset threshold A is 60%-70% of the rated capacity of the micro composite energy storage module, and the preset threshold B is 15%-25% of the rated capacity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first frequency is 1 time / 3min to 1 time / 10min, and the second frequency is 1 time / 30min to 1 time / 60min.

[0011] In some embodiments, the flexible light-transmitting insulating layer of the ultra-thin flexible covert packaging module is made of polyimide material, and the adhesion strength of the traceless adhesive film is ≥5N / cm. 2 .

[0012] In some embodiments, in the micro composite energy storage module, the micro supercapacitor has a capacity of ≥20F, and the thin-film lithium battery has a capacity of ≥80mAh.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module, the transient light intensity change-induced electrical energy captured by the photoelectric sensing subunit is co-stored with the electrical energy converted by the micron-scale photovoltaic unit array.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: It boasts extremely strong surface adaptability; the flexible micron-level photoelectric array abandons rigid structures and can be bonded to any curved surface asset with arbitrary curvature along with the encapsulation components, increasing the light-gathering area utilization rate to over 95%, thus solving the problems of poor bonding and insufficient light gathering in traditional photovoltaic panels. Low-light conversion efficiency is significantly improved; the micron-level photovoltaic unit adopts an amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterojunction structure, achieving a low-light responsivity ≥0.3A / W, more than 60% higher than traditional photovoltaic panels, and can still provide stable power supply in a 50lux low-light environment. The system achieves miniaturization and concealment; the flexible photoelectric array thickness is ≤0.5mm, and with ultra-thin encapsulation components, the overall thickness is ≤3mm and the volume is ≤5cm². 3 Combining frequency hopping transmission technology, it achieves dual covert deployment of physical and signal signals. Energy harvesting is more stable, and the flexible array can adaptively adjust the light-collecting angle according to asset movement. Combined with photoelectric sensing sub-units to capture transient light energy, it avoids intermittent power supply. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for external power supplies and battery replacements, achieving zero maintenance costs and completely freeing it from the power supply and maintenance dependence of traditional tracking equipment, making it suitable for various mobile asset tracking scenarios.

[0015] The above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0016] Other features and aspects of this disclosure will become clearer from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of the surface adaptive self-powered tracking system for mobile assets provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flowchart of the surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0021] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Referring to Figure 1, the first embodiment of a curved adaptive self-powered tracking system for mobile assets according to an embodiment of this application includes: an ultra-thin flexible covert encapsulation module with an overall thickness ≤3mm, employing a composite structure of an ultra-thin flexible light-transmitting insulating layer and a traceless adhesive film, wherein the flexible light-transmitting insulating layer has a light transmittance ≥85% and can adaptively deform with the curved surface of the mobile asset, serving to support internal functional modules; and a flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, including a micron-level photovoltaic unit array and a photoelectric sensing subunit supported on a flexible substrate, wherein the micron-level photovoltaic unit has a size of 50μm-200μm and an array arrangement density ≥100 units / cm². 2 The photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit is optimized for weak light response, and the photoelectric sensing subunit is used to capture the induced electrical energy generated by transient light intensity changes; the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module integrates a GPS or Beidou dual-mode satellite positioning unit, a Bluetooth AOA indoor positioning unit, and an NB-IoT / LoRa dual-mode low-power transmission unit, and the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module has a volume ≤1cm². 3 A micro-composite energy storage module is electrically connected to the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module. The micro-composite energy storage module includes a micro supercapacitor and a thin-film lithium battery. The capacity of the micro-composite energy storage module is ≤100mAh, and it is used to store the electrical energy converted by the photoelectric energy acquisition module. An on-chip intelligent control module adopts a SOC chip integrated design, integrating control, computing, and storage functions. It is electrically connected to the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module, and the micro-composite energy storage module, respectively. It is used to monitor the stored energy in real time, dynamically adjust the positioning transmission frequency according to the energy level, and control the working mode of the photoelectric array.

[0024] It should be understood that the ultra-thin, flexible, and concealed encapsulation module is the physical foundation and concealment basis of the system. Its overall thickness of ≤3mm is designed to avoid the difficulty of concealed deployment caused by traditional planar photovoltaic panels exceeding 5mm in thickness. The composite structure employing an ultra-thin, flexible, light-transmitting insulating layer and a residue-free adhesive film ensures that, on the one hand, the flexible insulating layer has a light transmittance of ≥85%, maximizing the light-gathering requirements of the subsequent photoelectric acquisition module; on the other hand, the residue-free adhesive film achieves residue-free fixation, avoiding damage to the mobile asset. The core advantage of this module lies in its "adaptive deformation" capability, allowing it to flexibly conform to the curved contours of the mobile asset, eliminating the gaps found in traditional rigid photovoltaic panel bonding and providing the photoelectric acquisition module with the maximum light-gathering area.

[0025] The flexible micron-scale photovoltaic array acquisition module, as the sole core power supply unit of the system, is a key innovation that addresses the shortcomings of traditional photovoltaic panels. It utilizes a flexible substrate to support a micron-scale photovoltaic unit array, with unit sizes limited to 50μm-200μm and an arrangement density ≥100 units / cm². 2Compared to traditional large-size solar cells, the micron-level design improves light absorption efficiency in low-light environments. The photoelectric conversion layer, optimized for low-light response, can operate stably across a wide illumination range of 50 lux to 10000 lux (covering various scenarios such as indoor low light and outdoor strong light), overcoming the near-zero low-light efficiency of traditional photovoltaic panels. Simultaneously, a photoelectric sensing sub-unit serves as a supplement, specifically capturing induced electrical energy generated by transient light intensity changes (such as light flickering or tree shading), preventing power interruptions from occurring when a single photovoltaic unit experiences sudden changes in illumination.

[0026] The integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module integrates outdoor positioning, indoor positioning, and low-power transmission functions into a volume ≤1cm through a highly integrated design. 3 Within the space, it meets the miniaturization requirements of the system. Among them, the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode satellite positioning unit is suitable for open outdoor scenarios, the Bluetooth AOA indoor positioning unit solves the problem of indoor satellite signal blockage, and achieves full-scene positioning coverage; the NB-IoT / LoRa dual-mode low-power transmission unit can flexibly switch according to different network environments (such as densely populated urban areas and remote suburbs) to ensure stable uploading of positioning data, and the low power consumption characteristics meet the energy-saving requirements of self-powered systems.

[0027] The micro-composite energy storage module is electrically connected to the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module. It adopts a composite structure of micro supercapacitor and thin-film lithium battery, which is designed based on the complementary needs of energy storage: the supercapacitor has the characteristics of fast charging and discharging, which can quickly store the instantaneous electrical energy generated by the photoelectric acquisition module and avoid energy waste; the thin-film lithium battery is good at long-term energy storage and can continuously provide stable power supply to other modules. The two work together to make the total capacity of the module ≤100mAh, which not only meets the miniaturization requirements, but also matches the power supply rhythm of the photoelectric acquisition module.

[0028] The on-chip intelligent control module integrates control, computing, and storage functions using a SOC chip, serving as the system's "brain." Through electrical connections with the other three core modules, it achieves intelligent management and control throughout the entire process: real-time monitoring of the power changes of the micro-composite energy storage module, dynamically adjusting the positioning transmission frequency based on power sufficiency to balance tracking real-time performance and energy consumption; and simultaneously controlling the operating mode of the photoelectric array (e.g., maintaining high-efficiency acquisition when there is sufficient light, and switching to low-power acquisition mode when there is extremely low light), ensuring that the system can achieve optimal energy allocation in various environments and guaranteeing long-term operation.

[0029] Referring to Figure 2, the second embodiment of a curved surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to an embodiment of this application includes the following steps: S100, attaching the ultra-thin flexible concealed encapsulation module to the curved surface of the mobile asset, and seamlessly fixing it with a traceless adhesive film; the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module deforms with the encapsulation component, maintaining a tight fit with the curved surface and maximizing the light-receiving area; S200, activating the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module; the micron-level photovoltaic unit array captures ambient light energy and converts it into electrical energy; the photoelectric sensing subunit captures transient light intensity. The changing induced electrical energy, and the two types of electrical energy, are rectified and regulated before being stored in the micro composite energy storage module; S300, the on-chip intelligent control module monitors the power of the micro composite energy storage module in real time. When the power is ≥ preset threshold A, it controls the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module to acquire and upload location information at a preset first frequency. When the power is < preset threshold A and ≥ preset threshold B, it switches to the second frequency. When the power is < preset threshold B, the positioning transmission function is turned off, and only the photoelectric energy acquisition function is retained; S400, the background server receives the positioning data and performs real-time tracking and management of mobile assets.

[0030] It should be understood that the first step is the concealed curved surface bonding installation: when the ultra-thin flexible concealed encapsulation module is bonded to the curved surface of the mobile asset, the traceless adhesive film will adhere tightly to the asset surface, achieving residue-free fixation and avoiding the problems of difficult fixation or damage to the asset caused by traditional rigid equipment; at the same time, the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module deforms synchronously with the encapsulation component, always maintaining a tight fit with the curved surface of the asset. This design can increase the utilization rate of the light-collecting area to over 95%, solving the problem of reduced light-collecting area caused by the inability of traditional planar photovoltaic panels to deform, laying the foundation for subsequent energy collection.

[0031] The second step involves efficient photovoltaic energy harvesting and storage: After activating the flexible micron-level photovoltaic array harvesting module, the micron-level photovoltaic unit array serves as the main power supply component, continuously capturing ambient light energy and converting it into electrical energy. Its photoelectric conversion layer, optimized for low light conditions, ensures stable conversion even in indoor low-light environments of 50 lux. The photoelectric sensing sub-unit specifically captures the induced electrical energy generated by transient light intensity changes, compensating for the power supply gap of a single photovoltaic unit during sudden changes in light intensity. Both types of electrical energy are rectified and regulated before being stored in the micro-composite energy storage module. The rectification and regulation process converts unstable photovoltaic energy into electrical energy that meets the storage standards of the energy storage module, preventing voltage fluctuations from damaging the module and ensuring the safety and stability of energy storage.

[0032] The third step is intelligent covert tracking: The on-chip intelligent control module monitors the power of the micro composite energy storage module in real time and dynamically adjusts the frequency through preset dual thresholds. This is based on the core constraint design of the self-powered system's "limited energy": When the power is ≥ preset threshold A, the power is sufficient to support high-frequency positioning transmission and ensure real-time tracking; when the power is < preset threshold A and ≥ preset threshold B, the power is at a medium level, and it switches to low-frequency positioning transmission to save energy while maintaining the tracking function; when the power is < preset threshold B, the power can only meet basic power supply, and the positioning transmission function is turned off, only photoelectric energy collection is retained to avoid the system shutdown due to power depletion and to ensure that tracking can be resumed later.

[0033] The fourth step is covert background management: when the background server receives location data, it does not trigger the mobile asset user to notice. This design fits the core requirement of "covert tracking". Combined with the physical covertness of the encapsulation module and the subsequent frequency hopping transmission technology, it achieves dual covertness of "physical invisibility + signal difficulty to detect", solving the problem that traditional tracking devices are easy to be discovered and cannot be deployed for a long time.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the flexible substrate of the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module is made of polyimide material.

[0035] It should be understood that the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module uses polyimide as the flexible substrate primarily because this material possesses excellent flexibility and stability. Polyimide can withstand repeated deformations with curvature radii ranging from 0.5m to 5m, perfectly adapting to the curvature of various mobile assets (such as equipment housings, container surfaces, and vehicle surfaces), and the deformation does not affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit, avoiding the defect of traditional rigid substrates that "fail upon deformation." Simultaneously, polyimide material possesses good insulation and environmental resistance, protecting the internal photovoltaic unit from external humidity and temperature changes, ensuring long-term reliable operation of the module in complex environments.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit adopts an amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterostructure with a weak light responsivity ≥0.3A / W.

[0037] It should be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit adopts an amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterojunction structure, a design key to improving low-light response efficiency. Traditional planar photovoltaic panels are mostly designed for strong light environments, resulting in low carrier separation efficiency in low light conditions. The amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterojunction structure, through energy level matching of the two materials, reduces the recombination probability of photogenerated carriers, achieving a low-light responsivity ≥0.3 A / W, an improvement of over 60% compared to traditional planar photovoltaic panels. This characteristic ensures that the module can still achieve stable photoelectric conversion (efficiency ≥8% in low-light environments) in indoor low-light or dark environments ranging from 50 lux to 500 lux, completely solving the technical pain point of near-zero low-light efficiency in traditional photovoltaic panels and guaranteeing continuous power supply in low-light scenarios such as indoors and under trees.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module supports frequency hopping transmission.

[0039] It should be understood that the frequency-hopping transmission method supported by the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module works by periodically switching the transmission frequency according to a preset pattern during data transmission, rather than staying fixed at a certain frequency. The core advantage of this design is reducing the probability of signal detection: traditional fixed-frequency transmission tracking devices are easily captured by specialized instruments and their sources can be located, while frequency-hopping transmission causes the signal frequency to change continuously, making it difficult for detection devices to lock onto a valid signal. Combined with the physical concealment of the ultra-thin flexible packaging module (thickness ≤3mm, seamlessly integrated with assets), the system achieves dual protection of "physical concealment + signal concealment," further enhancing the concealment of mobile asset tracking and preventing asset users from discovering and dismantling it.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the preset threshold A is 60%-70% of the rated capacity of the micro composite energy storage module, and the preset threshold B is 15%-25% of the rated capacity.

[0041] It should be understood that the preset threshold A is set at 60%-70% of the rated capacity of the micro composite energy storage module, and the preset threshold B is set at 15%-25% of the rated capacity. This range is selected based on the dual requirements of the system's "energy balance" and "tracking continuity".

[0042] The preset threshold A is the "sufficient power threshold": when the power is ≥60%-70%, the energy storage module has enough power to support high-frequency positioning transmission. At this time, the first frequency is used to ensure the real-time tracking data (such as real-time location updates of logistics assets) and prevent the power from being quickly depleted due to high-frequency operation. If the threshold is set too high (e.g., above 80%), the high-frequency operation time will be too short, affecting the tracking effect. If it is set too low (e.g., below 50%), the frequency may be frequently reduced due to insufficient subsequent energy replenishment.

[0043] The preset threshold B is the "minimum power threshold": when the power is <15%-25%, the energy storage module can only maintain the basic operation of the photoelectric acquisition module. Turning off the positioning transmission function can prevent the power from being completely exhausted and ensure that the system will not stop operating due to power failure. Positioning and tracking can be resumed after the power is replenished by subsequent light. If the threshold is set too low (e.g., below 15%), it may be impossible to restart after the power is exhausted. If it is set too high (e.g., above 25%), it will excessively restrict the use of the positioning transmission function and affect the continuity of tracking.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the first frequency is 1 time / 3min to 1 time / 10min, and the second frequency is 1 time / 30min to 1 time / 60min.

[0045] It should be understood that the first frequency is set to 1 time / 3min to 1 time / 10min, and the second frequency is set to 1 time / 30min to 1 time / 60min. The selection of the frequency range is precisely matched with the power status corresponding to the preset threshold.

[0046] The first frequency is "high-frequency tracking mode": when the battery level is ≥ preset threshold A (60%-70%), the system is in a state of sufficient power and uses a frequency of 1 time / 3min-10min for positioning transmission, which can meet the needs of high real-time tracking of mobile assets (such as high-value equipment, cold chain logistics and other scenarios) and ensure that the background can obtain the asset location dynamics in a timely manner; the upper limit of the frequency is set to 1 time / 3min to avoid excessive energy consumption from too frequent positioning transmission, while the lower limit of 1 time / 10min balances real-time performance and energy saving.

[0047] The second frequency is "energy-saving tracking mode": when the battery level is less than the preset threshold A and greater than or equal to the preset threshold B, the system is in a medium battery state and switches to a frequency of 1 time / 30min-60min. At this time, while retaining the tracking function, energy consumption is minimized. The upper limit of 1 time / 30min ensures that the location information will not lag too much due to the low frequency, while the lower limit of 1 time / 60min further saves energy and extends the system's running time in the low battery state.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, the flexible light-transmitting insulating layer of the ultra-thin flexible covert packaging module is made of polyimide material, and the adhesion strength of the traceless adhesive film is ≥5N / cm. 2 .

[0049] It should be understood that the flexible transparent insulating layer of the ultra-thin flexible concealed packaging module is made of polyimide. On the one hand, this material has the same flexible characteristics as the flexible substrate of the optoelectronic array, and can deform synchronously with the curved surface of the asset, avoiding the peeling of the packaging layer from the internal module due to the difference in material rigidity. On the other hand, polyimide has good light transmittance and insulation. While ensuring a light transmittance of more than 85%, it can isolate the interference of external current and humidity on the internal functional modules, thereby improving the system stability.

[0050] The adhesion strength of the non-marking adhesive film is ≥5 N / cm 2 This parameter setting is designed to ensure that the module can adhere firmly to the surface of the mobile asset, and will not fall off even when the asset is moving at high speed, vibrating, or in harsh environments (such as rain or high temperature). At the same time, the "no-mark" feature can avoid leaving adhesive marks or causing damage to the asset surface when the module is removed later, adapting to the usage needs of various high-value mobile assets.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, in the micro composite energy storage module, the micro supercapacitor has a capacity of ≥20F, and the thin-film lithium battery has a capacity of ≥80mAh.

[0052] It should be understood that the setting of a micro supercapacitor capacity of ≥20F and a thin-film lithium battery capacity of ≥80mAh in the micro-composite energy storage module is based on the synergistic design requirements of "fast charging and discharging + long-term energy storage". The advantage of the micro supercapacitor capacity of ≥20F lies in its fast charging and discharging speed, which can quickly capture the instantaneous electrical energy generated by the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module (especially the transient light intensity change electrical energy captured by the photoelectric sensing subunit), avoiding energy loss; the thin-film lithium battery capacity of ≥80mAh focuses on long-term energy storage, which can convert the electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor into a continuous and stable power supply, ensuring the normal operation of the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module and the on-chip intelligent control module in the absence of light or low light environment. The synergy of the two makes the total module capacity ≤100mAh, which not only meets the size constraints of system miniaturization, but also perfectly matches the power supply characteristics of the photoelectric acquisition module, realizing a dynamic balance between energy storage and release.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, in the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module, the transient light intensity change-induced electrical energy captured by the photoelectric sensing subunit is co-stored with the electrical energy converted by the micron-scale photovoltaic unit array.

[0054] It should be understood that in the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, the transient light intensity change-induced electrical energy captured by the photoelectric sensing sub-unit and the environmental photoelectric energy converted by the micron-level photovoltaic unit array are stored in a co-storage manner. The core purpose is to improve the stability and continuity of energy acquisition.

[0055] The micron-scale photovoltaic unit array is primarily responsible for capturing stable ambient light energy, serving as the system's main energy source. However, in scenarios involving sudden changes in light intensity (such as sudden entry into a tunnel, tree shading, or light switching), its power output may experience brief fluctuations. The photoelectric sensing sub-unit, specifically designed to generate induced energy in response to transient light intensity changes, can quickly replenish energy during these fluctuating conditions. Both types of energy are processed by the same rectifier and voltage regulator circuit and simultaneously stored in the micro-composite energy storage module, forming a "stable power supply + fluctuation replenishment" energy harvesting mode. This avoids energy interruptions that might occur with a single power supply method, ensuring a continuous power input to the energy storage module and providing reliable energy assurance for the system's long-term stable operation.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking system for mobile assets, characterized in that, include: An ultra-thin, flexible, and concealed packaging module, with an overall thickness of ≤3mm, employs a composite structure of an ultra-thin, flexible, light-transmitting insulating layer and a traceless adhesive film. The flexible, light-transmitting insulating layer has a light transmittance of ≥85% and can adaptively deform to the curved surface of the moving asset, serving to support internal functional modules. A flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module includes a micron-scale photovoltaic unit array and a photoelectric sensing subunit supported on a flexible substrate. The micron-scale photovoltaic units have a size of 50μm-200μm, and the array density is ≥100 units / cm². 2 The photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit is optimized for weak light response, and the photoelectric sensing subunit is used to capture the induced electrical energy generated by transient light intensity changes; the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module integrates a GPS or Beidou dual-mode satellite positioning unit, a Bluetooth AOA indoor positioning unit, and an NB-IoT / LoRa dual-mode low-power transmission unit, and the integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module has a volume ≤1cm². 3 The micro composite energy storage module is electrically connected to the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module. The micro composite energy storage module includes a micro supercapacitor and a thin-film lithium battery. The capacity of the micro composite energy storage module is ≤100mAh and it is used to store the electrical energy converted by the photoelectric energy acquisition module. The on-chip intelligent control module adopts an SOC chip integrated design, integrating control, computing, and storage functions. It is electrically connected to the flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module, and the micro composite energy storage module, respectively. It is used to monitor the energy storage power in real time, dynamically adjust the positioning transmission frequency according to the power, and control the working mode of the photoelectric array.

2. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets, characterized in that, The curved surface adaptive self-powered tracking system for mobile assets, as described in claim 1, includes the following steps: The ultra-thin flexible concealed encapsulation module is attached to the curved surface of the mobile asset and seamlessly fixed using a traceless adhesive film. The flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module deforms with the encapsulation component, maintaining a tight fit with the curved surface and maximizing the light-receiving area. The flexible micron-level photoelectric array acquisition module is activated, where the micron-level photovoltaic unit array captures ambient light energy and converts it into electrical energy, and the photoelectric sensing subunit captures induced electrical energy from transient light intensity changes. Both types of electrical energy are rectified and regulated before being stored in the micro-composite energy storage module. The on-chip intelligent control module monitors the power of the micro-composite energy storage module in real time. When the power is ≥ a preset threshold A, the integrated dual-mode positioning transmission module is controlled to acquire and upload location information at a preset first frequency. When the power is < a preset threshold A and ≥ a preset threshold B, the system switches to a second frequency. When the power is < a preset threshold B, the positioning transmission function is disabled, retaining only the photoelectric energy acquisition function. The background server receives the positioning data for real-time tracking and management of the mobile asset.

3. The surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible substrate of the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module is made of polyimide material.

4. The surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photoelectric conversion layer of the micron-scale photovoltaic unit adopts an amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon heterostructure with a low-light responsivity ≥0.3A / W.

5. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 4, characterized in that, The integrated dual-mode positioning and transmission module supports frequency hopping transmission.

6. The surface adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset threshold A is 60%-70% of the rated capacity of the micro composite energy storage module, and the preset threshold B is 15%-25% of the rated capacity.

7. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first frequency is 1 time / 3min to 1 time / 10min, and the second frequency is 1 time / 30min to 1 time / 60min.

8. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flexible, transparent insulating layer of the ultra-thin, flexible, covert packaging module is made of polyimide material, and the adhesion strength of the traceless adhesive film is ≥5 N / cm. 2 .

9. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the micro composite energy storage module, the micro supercapacitor has a capacity of ≥20F, and the thin-film lithium battery has a capacity of ≥80mAh.

10. A surface-adaptive self-powered tracking method for mobile assets according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the flexible micron-scale photoelectric array acquisition module, the transient light intensity change sensing electrical energy captured by the photoelectric sensing subunit is co-stored with the electrical energy converted by the micron-scale photovoltaic unit array.

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