An adaptive rate negotiation method and system for optical modules

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive rate negotiation method and system for optical modules, relating to the field of optical fiber communication technology. The method includes: establishing initial communication between the local optical module and the remote optical module to obtain a set of candidate rates supported by both. A training sequence is transmitted in low-speed probing mode to obtain link physical layer state information. A perturbation is applied to the transmitted signal based on the target transmission requirements to obtain a recovery response under link perturbation. The link recovery margin of each candidate rate is analyzed based on the recovery response. The target rate is determined according to transmission stability constraints, and finally, the transmission link is established and executed. This invention solves the technical problem that traditional optical module rate negotiation cannot adapt to the dynamic physical state of the link and the influence of various perturbations, resulting in inaccurate rate selection. It achieves the technical effect of matching the optical module transmission rate with the actual link state and actual transmission requirements, ensuring the stability of optical transmission, and fully utilizing link transmission resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication technology, and in particular to an adaptive rate negotiation method and system for optical modules. Background Technology

[0002] Optical modules are core components of optical communication transmission. Rate negotiation, as a crucial step in optical module communication, directly determines transmission stability, efficiency, and link utilization, and is vital for ensuring overall optical transmission quality. Current technologies primarily employ static parameter matching and fixed-rate configuration for rate negotiation in optical module transmission, relying on fundamental physical parameters of the link to select the rate. While these methods have played a significant role in stable, fixed transmission scenarios, the increasing demand for high-speed fiber optic transmission has revealed numerous limitations when applied to complex, dynamic optical transmission links. Traditional methods cannot accurately match the rate to the actual physical state of the link, leading to inaccurate transmission rate selection and failing to meet the high stability and adaptive transmission requirements of optical modules. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an adaptive rate negotiation method and system for optical modules, which solves the technical problem that traditional optical module rate negotiation cannot adapt to the dynamic physical state of the link and the influence of various disturbances, resulting in inaccurate rate selection.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides an adaptive rate negotiation method for an optical module, the method comprising: establishing initial communication between a local optical module and a remote optical module, and obtaining a set of candidate rates supported by the local and remote optical modules; in a low-speed detection mode, obtaining link physical layer state information by transmitting a training sequence between the local and remote optical modules; based on the link physical layer state information and the target transmission requirements, applying a perturbation to the transmitted signal during the transmission of the training sequence to obtain the link recovery response under the perturbation conditions; performing link recovery margin analysis on the candidate rate set according to the recovery response to determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate; and determining the target rate based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate while satisfying transmission stability constraints, and establishing an execution transmission link.

[0005] A second aspect of this application provides an adaptive rate negotiation system for optical modules, the system comprising: a candidate rate set acquisition module, configured to establish initial communication between a local optical module and a peer optical module, and acquire a set of candidate rates supported by the local and peer optical modules; a link state information acquisition module, configured to acquire link physical layer state information by transmitting a training sequence between the local and peer optical modules in a low-speed detection mode; a link recovery response acquisition module, configured to apply a perturbation to the transmitted signal during the transmission of the training sequence based on the link physical layer state information and the target transmission requirements, and obtain the link recovery response under the perturbation conditions; a recovery margin determination module, configured to perform link recovery margin analysis on the candidate rate set based on the recovery response, and determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate; and a transmission link construction module, configured to determine the target rate and establish an execution transmission link based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate while satisfying transmission stability constraints.

[0006] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0007] This application obtains a candidate rate set by establishing initial communication between the local and remote optical modules, acquires link physical layer state information by transmitting training sequences in low-speed detection mode, applies perturbation to the transmitted signal in combination with the target transmission requirements and obtains the link recovery response, determines the recovery margin of each candidate rate through recovery margin analysis, selects the target rate to establish a transmission link, and dynamically adjusts the rate during transmission, thereby accurately matching the actual link state and actual transmission requirements of the optical module transmission. This results in a dual improvement in the transmission stability and link resource utilization efficiency of the optical module, achieving the technical effect of matching the optical module transmission rate with the actual link state and actual transmission requirements, ensuring the stability of optical transmission, and making full use of link transmission resources. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive rate negotiation method for an optical module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive rate negotiation system for an optical module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0011] Figure labeling: Candidate rate set acquisition module 1, link status information acquisition module 2, link recovery response acquisition module 3, recovery margin determination module 4, transmission link construction module 5. Detailed Implementation

[0012] This application provides an adaptive rate negotiation method and system for optical modules, which solves the technical problem that traditional optical module rate negotiation cannot adapt to the dynamic physical state of the link and the influence of various disturbances, resulting in inaccurate rate selection.

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0014] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0015] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, an adaptive rate negotiation method for an optical module is provided, wherein the method includes:

[0016] Establish initial communication between the local optical module and the remote optical module, and obtain the candidate rate set supported by the local optical module and the remote optical module.

[0017] In this embodiment, the optical module is a core optoelectronic device in an optical communication system that realizes the conversion between electrical signals and optical signals. It is a key carrier for data optoelectronic conversion and transmission in the optical fiber link and is widely used in communication equipment such as switches, routers, and optical transceivers. The local optical module is the main optical module that initiates and executes this adaptive rate negotiation and is the master control end of the rate negotiation process. The peer optical module is the cooperating optical module that establishes paired communication with the local optical module through the optical fiber link and responds to the negotiation request of the local optical module.

[0018] Specifically, after the local optical module completes its power-on initialization, it loads its internal hardware circuitry and firmware, enabling a 100Mbps BASE-X low-rate compatible communication channel compliant with the IEEE 802.3 protocol specification. This channel is the default negotiation channel used by optical modules of all rate levels in the optical communication field. It adopts a fixed 8b / 10b encoding method, configures standardized transceiver physical layer parameters, and has basic communication compatibility across vendors and rate levels of optical modules. It can ensure basic data interaction between the local optical module and the peer optical module before rate negotiation is completed.

[0019] Then, the local optical module sends a link handshake frame to the peer optical module through a low-rate compatible communication channel. The link handshake frame structure, in transmission order, includes a preamble field, frame type identifier field, device identifier field, command field, and checksum field. The preamble field uses a 7-byte synchronization code with a fixed value of 0x55; the frame type identifier field is 1 byte, fixed at 0x01 to identify the link handshake frame; the device identifier field is an 8-byte unique device identifier for the optical module; the command field is 1 byte, set to 0x00 to identify the communication capability query command; and the checksum field is a 2-byte CRC16 checksum, covering all fields after the preamble field. Simultaneously with sending the link handshake frame, the local optical module starts a receive timeout timer, setting the timeout threshold to 100ms. Upon receiving the link handshake frame, the peer optical module first completes the preamble synchronization and CRC16 checksum verification. After successful verification, it parses the frame's field content, identifies the communication capability query command, and returns a handshake response frame to the local optical module. The handshake response frame has the same frame structure as the link handshake frame. The frame type identifier field is set to 0x02, the command field is set to 0x01 to indicate a handshake response, the device identifier field is filled with the unique device identification code of the peer optical module, and the verification field is recalculated and generated according to the corresponding content. After receiving the handshake response frame within the timeout threshold, the local optical module completes frame verification and field parsing. Once the peer device's identity is confirmed, the initial communication link between the local and peer optical modules is established. If the local optical module does not receive a valid handshake response frame within the timeout threshold, it retransmits the link handshake frame. If the initial communication link is not established after three consecutive retransmissions, a communication anomaly alarm is triggered, and the current negotiation process is terminated.

[0020] Next, the local optical module sends a rate capability query frame to the remote optical module via the established initial communication link. The frame structure of the rate capability query frame is consistent with the link handshake frame, with the frame type identifier field set to 0x03 and the instruction field set to 0x02 to identify the rate capability query instruction. After receiving the rate capability query frame and completing verification and parsing, the remote optical module retrieves all supported transmission rate level information stored in its non-volatile storage medium. This information is stored in a 2-byte standardized rate encoding format conforming to the multi-source protocol of the optical communication industry. The remote optical module encapsulates all supported transmission rate level information into a rate capability response frame and sends it back to the local optical module via the initial communication link. The frame type identifier field of the rate capability response frame is set to 0x04, and a rate information field is added within the frame to carry the transmission rate level information. The verification field covers all valid fields within the frame. After receiving the rate capability response frame, the local optical module completes verification and parsing, extracting all supported transmission rate level information from the remote optical module.

[0021] Finally, the local optical module retrieves all supported transmission rate class information stored in its non-volatile storage medium using the same standardized rate coding format. It then compares this information with the supported transmission rate class information reported by the remote optical module. During the comparison, only transmission rate items with completely identical rate codes are retained, completing the intersection matching process. The local optical module sorts all the mutually supported transmission rates from highest to lowest value, generating a candidate rate set. If no matching transmission rate item is found after the intersection matching process, the local optical module triggers a rate compatibility anomaly alarm and terminates the current negotiation process.

[0022] In low-speed detection mode, training sequences are transmitted between the local optical module and the remote optical module to obtain the physical layer status information of the link.

[0023] Optionally, after the local optical module enters the low-speed detection mode, it generates a training sequence according to the detection dimensions of signal spectrum characteristics, bit distribution characteristics, and training length. The sequence is then modulated into an optical signal by the transmitting module and sent to the peer optical module through the optical fiber link. The peer optical module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal and samples it in real time to generate the original signal data stream. Finally, it calculates the physical state parameters based on the data stream to obtain the physical layer state information of the link. This step will be explained in detail later.

[0024] Based on the link physical layer state information and the target transmission requirements, a perturbation is applied to the transmitted signal during the training sequence transmission process to obtain the link's recovery response under the perturbation conditions.

[0025] In one embodiment of this application, a disturbance test strategy is determined by combining the physical layer state information of the link with the target transmission requirements. According to the strategy, disturbances such as transmission power, signal amplitude, clock frequency offset, and signal noise are applied to the transmitted signal during the transmission of the training sequence to make the link operate under disturbance conditions and synchronously monitor the recovery response status of the link, thereby obtaining the recovery response of the link under disturbance conditions. This step will be described in detail later.

[0026] Based on the recovery response, a link recovery margin analysis is performed on the candidate rate set to determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate.

[0027] Specifically, based on the link recovery response of each candidate rate in the candidate rate set, the maximum disturbance level for maintaining stable communication under disturbance conditions is determined. Then, the link recovery margin corresponding to each candidate rate is calculated by the difference between the maximum disturbance level and the current link disturbance level. This step will be explained in detail later.

[0028] Based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate, the target rate is determined under the condition of satisfying the transmission stability constraint, and the execution transmission link is established.

[0029] Specifically, firstly, a set of candidate rates and corresponding recovery margins is constructed. Based on the link power margin, bit error margin, or FEC error correction margin, a stability threshold is set to filter out candidate rates that meet the stability constraints. The highest rate among them is selected as the target rate. Then, communication parameters are configured according to the target rate and an execution transmission link is established. This step will also be explained in detail later.

[0030] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0031] Entering low-speed detection mode, the local optical module generates a training sequence according to the detection dimensions, including signal spectral characteristics, bit distribution characteristics, and training length. The local optical module modulates the generated training sequence into an optical signal through the transmitter module and sends it to the peer optical module through the optical fiber link. The peer optical module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal through the receiver module, samples the electrical signal in real time, and generates a raw signal data stream. Based on the raw signal data stream, physical state parameters are calculated to obtain the link physical layer state information.

[0032] Specifically, after the initial communication link is established, the local optical module sends a low-speed detection mode start command to the peer optical module through the initial communication link. The command uses the same frame structure as the initial communication, with the frame type identifier field set to 0x05 and the command field set to 0x03. Upon receiving the low-speed detection mode start command and completing the verification and parsing, the peer optical module pre-adjusts its local receiver hardware configuration. This pre-adjustment includes configuring the receiving bandwidth to 150MHz to match the detection rate, setting the transimpedance amplifier gain to automatic adaptation mode, and setting the lockout bandwidth of the preset clock recovery loop to 1MHz. After completing the configuration, it returns a detection mode confirmation response to the local optical module. Upon receiving the detection mode confirmation response, the local optical module pre-adjusts its local transmitter hardware configuration. This pre-adjustment includes setting the laser bias current to the rated operating point value, matching the modulation amplitude to the standard requirement of 100Mbps BASE-X rate, and disabling the high-speed pre-equalization function. After completing the configuration, it enters low-speed detection mode synchronously with the peer optical module. The low-speed detection mode adopts a fixed BASE-X compatible communication rate of 100Mbps, consistent with the initial communication link. The local optical module starts the receive timeout timer at the same time as sending the start command. The timeout threshold is also set to 100ms. If no valid response is received within the timeout threshold, the start command is resent. If no acknowledgment response is received after three consecutive resentments, a detection anomaly alarm is triggered, and the current negotiation process is terminated.

[0033] Next, the local optical module generates training sequences according to preset detection dimensions, including signal spectral characteristics, bit distribution characteristics, and training length. Regarding signal spectral characteristics, the local optical module sets the spectral coverage of the training sequences based on the Nyquist bandwidth corresponding to the highest rate in the candidate rate set. It uses a time-domain segmented combination generation method to first generate multi-frequency sinusoidal sequence segments covering 10kHz to the target Nyquist bandwidth, used to detect the full-band amplitude-frequency response characteristics of the link. Regarding bit distribution characteristics, the local optical module uses PRBS31 pseudo-random sequences conforming to the IEEE 802.3 protocol specification to cover distribution scenarios with different continuous bit lengths and bit transition frequencies, simulating the bit transition characteristics of real service data. Regarding the training length, the local optical module is set to have a total training sequence length of no less than 1 million symbols, of which the sine wave sequence segment is no less than 100,000 symbols and the PRBS31 sequence segment is no less than 900,000 symbols. A fixed 16-byte synchronization header is set before each sequence segment for timing synchronization between the transmitting and receiving ends. The complete training sequence is spliced ​​and generated in the order of synchronization header, sine wave sequence segment, synchronization header, and PRBS31 sequence segment.

[0034] After the local optical module generates the training sequence, it inputs the serial digital signal of the training sequence to the transmitting module. The transmitting module performs digital-to-analog conversion on the input serial digital signal to generate an analog electrical signal corresponding to the digital sequence. Then, its internal drive circuit amplifies and impedance-matches the analog electrical signal, outputting a drive signal that conforms to the laser drive specifications. The laser built into the transmitting module receives the drive signal and converts the amplitude changes of the electrical signal into light intensity changes, completing the electro-optic modulation of the training sequence. The modulated optical signal is coupled into the fiber optic link through the optical interface of the local optical module and transmitted to the optical receiving port of the remote optical module via the fiber optic link.

[0035] Subsequently, the peer-end optical module receives the optical signal transmitted through the fiber optic link via a photodetector built into the receiver module. The photodetector converts the change in optical power of the incident optical signal into a corresponding weak current signal, completing the conversion from optical signal to electrical signal. The receiver module converts the weak current signal into a voltage signal through a transimpedance amplifier circuit, and then amplifies and shapes the voltage signal through a limiting amplifier circuit, outputting an electrical signal that meets the requirements of analog-to-digital conversion. Based on the synchronization header of the training sequence, the peer-end optical module completes clock synchronization between the transmitting and receiving ends through a built-in phase-locked loop. The clock locking determination rule is that if 16 consecutive synchronization header symbols are judged to be correct, the clock phase tracking is maintained after locking; if 64 consecutive symbols are judged to be incorrect, it is determined to be out of sync, triggering the synchronization reacquisition process.

[0036] Subsequently, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) built into the receiving module performs real-time synchronous sampling of the processed electrical signal at a sampling rate no less than twice the symbol rate of the training sequence. After completing sampling, the ADC outputs the corresponding digital sampled signal. The peer optical module sequentially splices and locally buffers the continuously acquired digital sampled signals to generate the original signal data stream corresponding to the timing of the training sequence sent by the local end. If the peer optical module experiences clock synchronization failure and reacquisition fails, it sends a synchronization anomaly notification to the local optical module through the initial communication link. The local optical module then retransmits the training sequence. If synchronization fails three times consecutively, a detection anomaly alarm is triggered, terminating the current negotiation process.

[0037] Finally, clock recovery, equalization training, and bit error detection are performed sequentially on the original signal data stream. Based on the processing results, physical layer state parameters such as received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability are calculated. These parameters are then combined into a link state vector to obtain the link physical layer state information. This step will be explained in detail later.

[0038] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0039] The original signal data stream is subjected to signal processing, including clock recovery processing, equalization training processing, and bit error detection processing; physical layer state parameters are calculated based on the signal processing results, and the physical layer state parameters are combined into a link state vector to obtain the link physical layer state information. The physical layer state parameters include received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability.

[0040] Optionally, after the peer optical module completes the buffering of the original signal data stream, it retrieves the complete original signal data stream stored locally and sequentially performs clock recovery processing, equalization training processing, and bit error detection processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0041] Step a: The peer optical module first performs clock recovery processing. Based on the preset synchronization header of the training sequence and the bit transition edges of the PRBS31 sequence, it extracts a synchronization clock that matches the symbol rate of the local transmitter through its built-in digital phase-locked loop, locks the optimal sampling phase, resamples the original signal data stream, and performs symbol decision. It outputs symbol decision results aligned with the timing of the local transmitter sequence, and simultaneously records the phase jitter range and frequency offset during the clock locking process. During the clock recovery process, if the digital phase-locked loop fails to complete clock locking within a preset 1000 symbol periods, it is determined that clock recovery has failed. The peer optical module sends a processing anomaly notification to the local optical module through the initial communication link. The local optical module re-triggers the training sequence transmission and data acquisition process. If processing fails three times consecutively, a detection anomaly alarm is triggered, and the current negotiation process is terminated.

[0042] Step b: After clock recovery is completed, the peer optical module performs equalization training on the output symbol decision results. It employs a minimum mean square error adaptive equalization algorithm, using a locally known training sequence consistent with the transmitted sequence as a reference. This compensates for inter-symbol interference caused by the fiber optic link channel, iteratively updating the equalizer's tap coefficients until the iteration error converges below a preset 1e-6 threshold. The equalization training is then complete, and the converged equalizer tap coefficients, the equalized signal sequence, and the iteration convergence time data are output. During equalization training, if the number of iterations exceeds a preset 1000 and convergence to the target threshold is still not achieved, the equalization training is considered a failure. The peer optical module triggers an exception notification and executes the same exception handling procedure as for clock recovery failure.

[0043] Step c: After equalization training is completed, the peer optical module performs bit error detection processing based on the equalization-compensated signal sequence, retrieves the local standard PRBS31 sequence that is completely consistent with the sequence transmitted by the peer, compares the equalization-compensated signal sequence with the local standard sequence bit by bit, counts the total number of erroneous bits, and outputs the bit error count result and the basic data for bit error rate calculation based on the total bit length of the sequence participating in the comparison.

[0044] Next, based on the output of the signal processing described above, the peer optical module, combined with the real-time data collected by the built-in hardware monitoring unit at the receiving end, calculates various physical layer state parameters. All parameters are then combined into a link state vector to obtain the link physical layer state information. Specifically: the received optical power parameter is acquired by the integrated optical power monitoring circuit built into the peer optical module's receiving end, taking the average received optical power value during the continuous transmission of the training sequence, measured in dBm. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameter is calculated based on the effective sampled data of the original signal data stream, calculating the ratio of the effective signal power to the link background noise power, and converting it into a numerical output in dB. The bit error rate (BER) parameter is calculated based on the ratio of the total number of erroneous bits obtained from the bit error detection processing to the total number of bits participating in the comparison. The equalization parameter directly uses the set of equalizer tap coefficients obtained after the equalization training is completed. The clock recovery stability parameter is calculated based on the root mean square value of phase jitter and the maximum frequency offset recorded during the clock recovery processing.

[0045] Finally, the peer optical module arranges the five physical layer state parameters—received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability—in a preset fixed order, combining them into a one-dimensional link state vector. This link state vector represents the link physical layer state information obtained during this probe. The peer optical module encapsulates the link physical layer state information into a link state feedback frame and sends it to the local optical module through the established initial communication link. The local optical module receives the feedback frame, performs verification and parsing, and then stores the link physical layer state information locally, completing the link physical layer state information acquisition process.

[0046] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0047] Based on the physical layer status information of the link and the target transmission requirements, a disturbance test strategy is determined; a disturbance is applied to the transmitted signal according to the disturbance test strategy to make the link operate under disturbance conditions, and the recovery response status of the link under disturbance conditions is monitored synchronously. The disturbance includes transmit power disturbance, signal amplitude disturbance, clock frequency offset disturbance, and signal noise disturbance.

[0048] Specifically, firstly, based on the link physical layer state information, sensitivity analysis of link state parameters is conducted to obtain the response sensitivity of different disturbance types. Transmission characteristics of the target transmission requirements are extracted to obtain signal impulse characteristics. Based on the disturbance mapping rules, the disturbance type suitable for the current link and transmission task is determined. Then, combined with the response characteristics of the disturbance type, response sensitivity, and signal impulse characteristics in the frequency and time domains, the disturbance amplitude, gradient change mode, and duration are determined. Finally, a disturbance testing strategy is generated. This step will be explained in detail in the following sections.

[0049] Subsequently, the local optical module retrieves the complete perturbation test strategy stored locally. First, it completes the initial state configuration of the transmitter hardware, restores the transmitter's optical signal transmission parameters to the baseline operating state in low-speed detection mode, and confirms that the initial communication links between the transmitter and receiver are maintained normally. Then, according to the preset execution order in the perturbation test strategy, it applies corresponding types of perturbations to the transmitted training sequence signals in sequence. The perturbation types include transmission power perturbation, signal amplitude perturbation, clock frequency offset perturbation, and signal noise perturbation. For each type of perturbation, a perturbation synchronization notification is sent to the peer optical module 1ms in advance to achieve precise alignment of the test timing between the transmitter and receiver. Then, it strictly follows the perturbation amplitude, gradient change method, and duration determined in the strategy to complete the real-time configuration and loading of perturbation parameters. Throughout the entire period of perturbation application, it maintains real-time interaction with the peer optical module through the initial communication link, enabling the peer optical module to synchronously start link status monitoring.

[0050] During the disturbance application process, the peer-end optical module continuously collects core parameters of the link, including received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability. It records in real-time the dynamic changes of the link during the disturbance application process, the link performance parameters after the disturbance reaches a steady state, and the link recovery time and performance rebound data after the disturbance is removed. These data are standardized and arranged in a fixed order: disturbance type, disturbance application stage, steady-state stage, and recovery stage, forming a dataset of the link's recovery response status under disturbance conditions. If link lock-up occurs during the disturbance application process, or the bit error rate exceeds the acceptable level corresponding to the target transmission requirements, this dataset will be processed. In case of an abnormal threshold, the peer optical module immediately sends an abnormal alarm to the local optical module. The local optical module immediately cancels the current disturbance, restores the transmitter parameters to the baseline state, and can retry once after the link returns to a steady state. If two consecutive abnormalities occur, the test for that disturbance item is terminated, and the critical performance threshold of the link is directly recorded. After the test of a single disturbance is completed, the local optical module completely cancels that type of disturbance and waits for a preset interval before starting the application and monitoring process for the next type of disturbance, until the test of all disturbance items in the disturbance test strategy is completed. Finally, the complete link disturbance response and recovery status full data is obtained.

[0051] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0052] Sensitivity analysis of link state parameters is performed based on the link physical layer state information to obtain the link's response sensitivity to different types of disturbances; transmission characteristics of the transmission target are extracted based on the target transmission requirements to obtain the signal impulse characteristics of the target transmission task; based on the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics, a disturbance type matching the current link state and the target transmission task is determined through disturbance mapping rules; based on the disturbance type combined with the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics in the frequency and time domains, the corresponding disturbance amplitude, gradient change mode, and duration are determined to generate a disturbance testing strategy.

[0053] Specifically, after the local optical module completes the local storage of the link physical layer state information, it initiates the sensitivity analysis process of the link state parameters. First, it determines the preset set of disturbance types to be analyzed. The disturbance types include transmit power disturbance, signal amplitude disturbance, clock frequency offset disturbance, and signal noise disturbance. Each disturbance type corresponds to a physical layer parameter that can be directly configured and adjusted at the optical module transmitter, providing a clear analysis object for subsequent single-dimensional sensitivity analysis.

[0054] Next, the local optical module retrieves the link physical layer state information stored locally, breaking it down into five basic link state parameters: received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability. For each preset disturbance type, it matches corresponding core and secondary influencing link parameters. For transmit power disturbances, the core influencing parameters are received optical power, SNR, and BER; the secondary influencing parameter is the equalization parameter. For signal amplitude disturbances, the core influencing parameters are SNR, BER, and equalization parameters; the secondary influencing parameter is received optical power. For clock frequency offset disturbances, the core influencing parameters are clock recovery stability and BER; the secondary influencing parameter is the equalization parameter. For signal noise disturbances, the core influencing parameters are SNR and BER; the secondary influencing parameter is clock recovery stability.

[0055] The local optical module sets a standardized unit change step size for each type of disturbance, using the smallest adjustment granularity commonly used in optical communication. The unit change step size is set to 1 dBm for transmit power disturbance, 10% of the nominal amplitude for signal amplitude disturbance, 10 ppm for clock frequency offset disturbance, and 1 dB for signal-to-noise ratio degradation for signal noise disturbance. Using the measured link physical layer state parameters as a baseline, the local optical module determines the expected change range of the corresponding core influencing parameters after applying the unit change step size for each type of disturbance.

[0056] Then, the local optical module uses a single-variable control method to perform sensitivity calculations. For each type of disturbance, the impact of the other three types of disturbances is fixed at zero. Based on the comparison between the measured link state parameters and the critical threshold for normal link operation, the sensitivity weight of the corresponding link parameter is calculated. The critical threshold for normal link operation is taken from the nominal operating threshold of the optical module hardware and the critical threshold of the link parameters specified by the IEEE 802.3 protocol corresponding to the target transmission rate. For core influencing parameters, the basic sensitivity weight accounts for 80%, and for secondary influencing parameters, the basic sensitivity weight accounts for 20%. A linear mapping rule is used to determine the adjustment range of the parameter sensitivity weight. For every 10% reduction in the difference between the measured value of the parameter and the critical threshold, the sensitivity weight of the corresponding parameter is increased by 5% on the basic assignment. The upper limit of the weight is no more than 95%, and the lower limit is no less than 5%, indicating that the parameter is more affected by the corresponding disturbance.

[0057] Subsequently, for each type of disturbance, the local optical module performs a weighted summation of the sensitivity weights of the corresponding core and secondary influencing parameters to obtain the comprehensive response sensitivity value for that disturbance type. A higher comprehensive response sensitivity value indicates a more sensitive link to that type of disturbance, and a more significant degradation in link transmission quality per unit disturbance change. After completing the response sensitivity calculation for all disturbance types, the local optical module arranges the comprehensive response sensitivity values ​​for each type of disturbance according to a preset fixed order, generating a set of link response sensitivities to different disturbance types.

[0058] If the measured basic link state parameters exceed the effective range for normal operation of the optical module, the local optical module will directly mark the comprehensive response sensitivity of the corresponding disturbance type as the highest level, without performing additional weighted calculations, and directly include it in the final response sensitivity set.

[0059] Next, a transmission demand feature vector is constructed and parsed to obtain the optical signal physical feature vector. Based on the optical signal physical feature vector, the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index of the signal in the link are calculated. Then, based on the above three types of impact indices, a signal impact feature is generated to describe the potential interference capability of the target transmission signal in the link. This step will be explained in detail in the following content.

[0060] Next, the local optical module retrieves the response sensitivity set and signal impulse characteristics from its local storage and initiates the disturbance type matching process. The local optical module first prioritizes the bandwidth impulse index, level impulse index, and power impulse index within the signal impulse characteristics using a direct numerical comparison method, sorting them from highest to lowest value. Higher index values ​​indicate smaller link performance margins for that dimension, lower tolerance for performance changes in that dimension by the target transmission, and higher priority for disturbance testing in that dimension. Based on a pre-defined fixed mapping relationship between impulse index and disturbance type, the local optical module matches the corresponding candidate disturbance type to each sorted impulse index. The pre-defined mapping relationship is as follows: bandwidth impulse index corresponds to clock frequency offset disturbance, level impulse index corresponds to signal amplitude disturbance and signal noise disturbance, and power impulse index corresponds to transmit power disturbance. For each candidate disturbance type matched, the local optical module retrieves the corresponding link comprehensive response sensitivity value. It then performs filtering based on the sorting priority and the response sensitivity value. The filtering rule is to prioritize retaining the type with higher response sensitivity value among multiple candidate disturbance types corresponding to the same impact index, while removing low-impact disturbance types with a normalized response sensitivity value below 0.2. After filtering, the retained disturbance types are deduplicated and sorted from high to low according to the test priority. Finally, the set of disturbance types that match the current link status and target transmission task is determined.

[0061] Then, for each disturbance type in the defined disturbance type set, the local optical module retrieves the corresponding link response sensitivity value and the corresponding impulse index value from the signal impulse characteristics. Simultaneously, it matches the preset frequency and time domain response characteristics of the disturbance type and first performs quantization to determine the disturbance amplitude. The local optical module uses a linear weighted mapping method to calculate the disturbance amplitude, based on the maximum adjustable range of the disturbance type supported by the optical module hardware. The weight of the corresponding impulse index value is set to 0.6, and the weight of the normalized response sensitivity value is set to 0.4. The target disturbance amplitude is obtained through weighted calculation. The local optical module sets boundary constraints on the calculated target disturbance amplitude. The minimum disturbance amplitude is not lower than the preset unit change step size for the disturbance type, and the maximum disturbance amplitude does not exceed 90% of the critical disturbance threshold that the link can withstand during normal operation. The critical disturbance threshold is taken from the adjustment limit of this parameter nominally specified by the optical module hardware, as well as the critical threshold of the link performance corresponding to the target transmission requirements. If the calculated value exceeds the boundary range, the corresponding boundary value is directly taken as the final disturbance amplitude to avoid excessive disturbance leading to link communication interruption.

[0062] Subsequently, based on the temporal response characteristics of the disturbance type and the priority of the corresponding impact index, the gradient change mode corresponding to the disturbance type is determined. Based on the frequency domain response characteristics of the disturbance type and the service transmission characteristics of the target transmission, the duration corresponding to the disturbance type is determined. For the gradient change mode, the local optical module adopts a hierarchical matching determination rule. When the corresponding impact index value is higher than 0.7, a step-by-step gradient change mode is adopted, with the gradient step size set to the unit change step size of the disturbance type, and the fixed stationary duration corresponding to each gradient step set to 500μs. When the corresponding impact index value is equal to or lower than 0.7, a continuous linear gradual change mode is adopted, with the gradual change rate set to the maximum change rate corresponding to the link clock recovery loop and the equalizer convergence bandwidth, to avoid link synchronization loss caused by signal abrupt changes. Regarding the duration, the local optical module uses the average burst transmission duration corresponding to the target transmission task and the minimum duration required for the link hardware loop to converge as dual benchmarks. The maximum value of the two benchmark values ​​is taken as the minimum duration of a single-level disturbance. At the same time, the duration is extended synchronously according to the increase ratio of the impact index value. The duration value range is set from 1ms to 10ms to ensure that the link can reach a stable state after the disturbance is applied and to collect effective link response data.

[0063] After determining the disturbance amplitude, gradient change method, and duration for all disturbance types, the execution order of disturbance tests is determined according to the test priority of each disturbance type. The execution order follows the single-variable control principle, applying only one type of disturbance at a time to avoid test result distortion caused by the coupling of multiple disturbance types. Simultaneously, the interval between two adjacent disturbance tests is set to be no less than 2ms to ensure that the preceding disturbance is completely removed and the link returns to its initial steady state before the next test is conducted, avoiding residual disturbances affecting the accuracy of test results. The local optical module integrates the disturbance type, execution order, core parameters corresponding to each disturbance, and data acquisition node requirements to generate a complete disturbance testing strategy. This strategy is stored locally and the subsequent disturbance testing and link performance verification processes are initiated simultaneously.

[0064] By prioritizing target transmission impact indicators and filtering disturbance types through directional mapping, and combining link response sensitivity with the time-frequency domain response characteristics of disturbances, the core parameters of disturbances are quantified and determined. This enables the generation of a disturbance testing strategy that is precisely adapted to the current link status and target transmission requirements, providing a controllable and accurate testing basis for subsequent link limit performance verification and optimal transmission rate negotiation.

[0065] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0066] A transmission demand feature vector is constructed, and the optical signal physical feature vector is parsed based on the transmission demand feature vector; the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index of the signal in the link are calculated based on the optical signal physical feature vector; based on the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index, the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission task are generated, and the signal impact characteristics are used to describe the potential interference capability of the target transmission signal in the link.

[0067] Specifically, the local optical module obtains the target transmission requirements from the upper-layer business system. These requirements include five core parameters: target transmission rate, forward error correction coding type, service data packet length, target bit error rate threshold, and transmission delay requirement. The local optical module first performs requirement parameter verification. If any core parameters are missing or their values ​​exceed the module's nominal operating range, it directly returns a requirement anomaly notification to the upper-layer business system, terminating the current feature extraction process. After successful verification, the local optical module uses a standardized parameter mapping method commonly used in the field to normalize each requirement parameter. This involves converting the target transmission rate into a symbol rate value under the corresponding modulation format, mapping the forward error correction coding type to the corresponding coding overhead value, converting the service data packet length into an average burst transmission duration value, and converting the target bit error rate threshold and transmission delay requirement into dimensionless standardized values. Finally, the processed parameters are arranged in a fixed order: target transmission rate, coding overhead, average burst transmission duration, target bit error rate threshold, and transmission delay requirement, generating a one-dimensional transmission requirement feature vector.

[0068] Next, based on the generated transmission requirement feature vector, a parameter-physical characteristic mapping method is used to analyze the physical layer characteristics of the optical signal for each standardized parameter in the feature vector. The local optical module calculates the baseband Nyquist bandwidth of the target signal using symbol rate numerical calculation, determines the signal level order and transmit power budget using coding overhead and modulation format information, calculates the minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio requirement for normal signal transmission using the target bit error rate threshold, and determines the power dynamic range and burst transition characteristics of the signal using the average burst transmission duration numerical value. The obtained optical signal physical characteristic parameters are arranged in a fixed order of baseband Nyquist bandwidth, level order, transmit power budget, minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio requirement, and power dynamic range to generate the optical signal physical feature vector.

[0069] Then, based on the physical feature vector of the optical signal and the link physical layer state information obtained in the previous steps, three impact indicators are calculated respectively. All indicators are linearly normalized in the range of 0 to 1, and the normalization benchmark is the maximum impact threshold that the link can withstand.

[0070] To address the bandwidth impact index, the local optical module extracts the baseband Nyquist bandwidth from the optical signal physical feature vector. Combined with the measured available bandwidth of the link from the link physical layer state information, the ratio of the baseband Nyquist bandwidth to the available bandwidth of the link is calculated. The correction is then performed using the symbol roll-off factor corresponding to the target transmission rate. After normalization, the bandwidth impact index is obtained. The larger the index value, the closer the signal bandwidth demand is to the upper limit of the available bandwidth of the link, and the stronger the potential impact on the link bandwidth resources.

[0071] To address the level impact index, the local optical module extracts the signal level order and minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement from the physical feature vector of the optical signal. Combined with the measured link SNR and the residual inter-symbol interference level of the equalizer obtained from the link physical layer state information, the ratio of the SNR margin required for the target signal level decision to the actual SNR margin of the link is calculated. After normalization, the level impact index is obtained. The larger the index value, the lower the tolerance of the target signal level decision to link performance degradation, and the stronger the potential interference of link nonlinear effects on the signal.

[0072] To address the power surge index, the local optical module extracts the signal power dynamic range and transmit power budget from the optical signal physical feature vector. Combined with the measured average received optical power and the receiver optical power dynamic range threshold obtained from the link physical layer state information, the ratio of the transmit power variation range required for the target transmission to the power fluctuation range that the link can withstand is calculated. After normalization, the power surge index is obtained. The larger the index value, the closer the power demand of the target transmission is to the power threshold of the link transceiver, and the stronger the potential impact on the link power stability.

[0073] Finally, the above three indicators are arranged in a fixed order of bandwidth impact indicator, level impact indicator, and power impact indicator, and combined into a one-dimensional signal impact feature vector. This vector is the signal impact feature of the target transmission task, which can quantitatively describe the potential interference capability and impact degree of the target transmission signal on the physical layer transmission performance of the link during the link transmission process. The local optical module will store the generated signal impact feature locally for use in the subsequent disturbance test strategy formulation process.

[0074] By standardizing and decomposing the target transmission requirements and deterministically mapping the physical layer characteristics of optical signals, and combining the actual measured state of the link, the three impact indicators are quantitatively calculated and normalized. This enables a quantifiable characterization of the potential impact of the target transmission task on the link transmission performance, providing accurate and practical input for the formulation of subsequent adaptability disturbance testing strategies.

[0075] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0076] Based on the link recovery response of each candidate rate in the candidate rate set, the maximum disturbance level for the candidate rate to maintain stable communication under disturbance conditions is determined; based on the difference between the maximum disturbance level and the current link disturbance level, the link recovery margin corresponding to the candidate rate is calculated.

[0077] In one embodiment, after the local optical module completes the full disturbance test and link recovery response status acquisition, it retrieves the full dataset of link disturbance response and recovery status corresponding to each candidate rate from local storage. Simultaneously, it retrieves a preset set of candidate rates. Each candidate rate in the set corresponds to the modulation format, forward error correction coding type, and symbol rate transmission parameters supported by the optical module. Each candidate rate has completed the full-process disturbance test, generating a one-to-one corresponding link recovery response status dataset. For each candidate rate, the local optical module first performs test data preprocessing, classifying and organizing the dataset according to disturbance type and disturbance gradient level. It then extracts the core performance parameters for each disturbance gradient's application, steady-state, and recovery phases, including received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability, providing standardized input data for subsequent maximum disturbance level determination.

[0078] First, the perturbation levels are standardized and quantified. A basic perturbation level is defined by a preset unit change step size corresponding to the perturbation type. For each unit increase in perturbation amplitude, the perturbation level increases by one level. The maximum adjustable amplitude supported by the optical module hardware for this perturbation type corresponds to the highest perturbation level for that type. For each candidate rate, the local optical module uses a step-by-step comparison method. For each perturbation type corresponding to that rate, the test data corresponding to each gradient is sequentially traversed from the lowest to the highest perturbation level. Compliance verification is then performed using preset stable communication judgment rules. The stable communication judgment rule is that the link continuously meets the preset target bit error rate threshold requirement in the target transmission requirements throughout the entire perturbation cycle, with no communication anomalies such as clock lockout or equalizer divergence occurring throughout the process, and the link can quickly recover to its initial steady-state performance after the perturbation is removed. The local optical module records the highest disturbance level that meets the stable communication determination rules, which is taken as the maximum disturbance level that the candidate rate can withstand under that disturbance type. If all disturbance levels under a certain disturbance type do not meet the stable communication determination rules, the candidate rate is directly marked as an unusable rate and will no longer participate in the subsequent comprehensive determination and recovery margin calculation of multiple disturbance types. The local optical module takes the minimum value of the maximum disturbance level corresponding to all disturbance types under the available candidate rate as the maximum disturbance level that the candidate rate can ultimately maintain stable communication.

[0079] After determining the maximum disturbance level for all available candidate rates, the local optical module retrieves the current inherent disturbance level of the link obtained from the initial link state test. This current inherent disturbance level represents the measured values ​​of the link's inherent noise, power fluctuation, and frequency offset without any additional artificial disturbance. Using the unit change step size corresponding to each disturbance type as a benchmark, the local optical module converts the measured values ​​of the link's inherent disturbance level into an equivalent normalized disturbance level consistent with the above system. For each available candidate rate, the local optical module calculates the link recovery margin using an interpolation calculation method. The link recovery margin can be expressed as: ,in, This represents the link recovery margin corresponding to the i-th candidate rate. The maximum disturbance level required to maintain stable communication at this candidate rate during disturbance testing. This represents the equivalent normalized disturbance level of the current link obtained from the initial link state test. A larger link recovery margin value indicates a stronger ability of the link to withstand environmental fluctuations and additional transmission disturbances at that candidate rate, resulting in better communication stability and fault recovery capabilities. After the local optical module completes the link recovery margin calculation for all available candidate rates, it establishes a one-to-one mapping relationship between candidate rates and their corresponding link recovery margins, storing the calculation results locally for use in the subsequent optimal negotiation rate selection process.

[0080] By standardizing the preprocessing of candidate rate disturbance test data and determining the stable communication boundary step by step, and combining the standardized conversion of the inherent disturbance level of the link, the link recovery margin is accurately quantified. This enables the quantifiable characterization of the disturbance resistance capability and link stability of each candidate rate, providing a direct and reliable decision basis for the selection of the optimal rate in subsequent adaptive rate negotiation.

[0081] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0082] A set of candidate rates and corresponding recovery margins is constructed. Based on a preset stability threshold, it is determined whether each candidate rate meets the stability constraint. The stability threshold is set according to the link power margin, bit error margin, or FEC error correction margin. The highest rate among the candidate rates that meet the stability constraint is selected as the target rate. Communication parameters are configured according to the target rate, and an execution transmission link is established.

[0083] Optionally, firstly, retrieve the candidate rates, corresponding transmission parameters, and link recovery margin data from local storage to construct a rate margin set. Each set of data includes a candidate rate value, modulation format, forward error correction coding type, symbol rate parameter, and corresponding link recovery margin value, achieving a one-to-one correspondence between candidate rates and recovery margins. Simultaneously, the local optical module completes the setting of the stability threshold. First, extract the nominal link power margin of the optical module hardware, the bit error margin corresponding to the target transmission requirements, and the FEC (Forward Error Correction) error correction margin corresponding to the forward error correction coding type. Take the minimum value among the three margins as the basic stability threshold. Then, combine this with the inherent disturbance level measured in the link to positively correct the basic stability threshold. The correction rule is that for every 1-level increase in the equivalent normalized disturbance level of the link, the stability threshold increases by 0.5 levels simultaneously, ultimately determining a fixed stability threshold. The local optical module uses the final determined stability threshold as the criterion to perform compliance verification on all candidate rates within the rate margin set. The judgment rule is that if the link recovery margin corresponding to the candidate rate is greater than or equal to the stability threshold, the candidate rate is determined to meet the stability constraint and is included in the compliant candidate rate set. Candidate rates that do not meet the judgment rule are directly removed from the candidate range and will not participate in the subsequent rate selection process.

[0084] Next, after constructing the compliant candidate rate set, a direct numerical sorting method is used to sort all candidate rates in the set from highest to lowest rate value. The highest rate at the top of the sorted list is selected as the target rate for this adaptive rate negotiation. If the compliant candidate rate set is empty, meaning that none of the candidate rates meet the stability constraints, the local optical module selects the candidate rate with the largest link recovery margin from all available candidate rates as the alternative target rate. At the same time, it sends an early warning notification of insufficient link stability to the upper-layer business system to ensure the integrity of the negotiation process and the continuity of service transmission.

[0085] Next, the complete set of communication parameters bound to the target rate is retrieved, including modulation format, symbol rate, forward error correction coding configuration, transmit power reference, and clock frequency parameters. The physical layer hardware registers of the local transmitter and receiver are configured first. After local parameter initialization, a rate negotiation command is sent to the peer optical module via a low-speed, stable initial communication link. The command carries the complete set of communication parameters corresponding to the target rate and the synchronization switching timing requirements. The time interval between command transmission and switching action is agreed to be 2ms, and the synchronization switching time window is 1ms. After receiving the rate negotiation command, the peer optical module completes the communication parameter configuration of its local transceiver and returns a configuration completion acknowledgment signal to the local optical module.

[0086] Upon receiving the acknowledgment signal, the local optical module and the remote optical module synchronously switch to the operating mode corresponding to the target rate according to the agreed synchronization sequence. Both ends send standard training sequences to each other to complete link clock synchronization, channel equalization, and link performance calibration. During the calibration process, link bit error rate data is continuously collected every 10ms. If the bit error rate continuously meets the threshold requirement of the target transmission demand within the statistical period, the link calibration is deemed qualified, and an end-to-end execution transmission link is formally established, completing this adaptive rate negotiation process and switching to the service data transmission state. If a link lockout or performance failure occurs during the synchronization switch, both ends immediately fall back to the initial communication link operating state and re-initiate the rate negotiation process to ensure uninterrupted link communication.

[0087] Furthermore, the method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0088] During transmission, the link physical layer status information and FEC error correction statistics are continuously monitored, and the FEC change trend is calculated based on the FEC error correction statistics. Based on the FEC change trend, the link physical layer status information and the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission requirements are combined to predict the link quality change. The safe rate range for the corresponding time interval is determined based on the link quality change, and the current transmission rate is dynamically adjusted within the safe rate range.

[0089] In one embodiment, after the local optical module and the remote optical module complete the transmission link establishment and enter the service data transmission state, a real-time monitoring process is initiated during transmission. Link physical layer status information and FEC error correction statistics are synchronously collected according to a preset sampling period. The sampling period is set to 10ms by default and can be configured within the range of 5ms to 50ms according to service scenario requirements to ensure time alignment of the collected data. The items collected for the link physical layer status information are consistent with those collected during the aforementioned link detection phase. The items collected for the FEC error correction statistics include the bit error rate before correction, the bit error rate after correction, the number of successfully corrected code blocks, the number of failed correction code blocks, and the cumulative number of corrected bits in each sampling period.

[0090] Next, a sliding window statistical method is adopted. A sliding statistical window is set with a default window duration of 100ms, which can be configured within the range of 50ms to 500ms. The average value of the collected FEC error correction statistics within each statistical window is calculated to obtain two core statistical values: the average number of error-corrected bits and the average bit error rate before error correction. Based on the core statistical values ​​of five consecutive sliding statistical windows, the least squares method is used for linear fitting to calculate the slope of the change in FEC error correction amount and the slope of the change in bit error rate. The two slopes together constitute the FEC change trend. A positive slope indicates that the FEC error correction pressure continues to rise and the link transmission quality is deteriorating. A negative slope indicates that the FEC error correction pressure is decreasing and the link transmission quality is improving. A slope of zero indicates that the link transmission quality remains stable.

[0091] After calculating the FEC change trend, the link quality change prediction is carried out by combining the synchronously collected link physical layer status information and the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission task generated in the preceding links. The local optical module first calculates two real-time link change parameters, namely the link optical power attenuation rate and the signal-to-noise ratio degradation rate, based on the link physical layer status information to clarify the real-time change trend of the link physical layer. Then, combined with the FEC change trend, the type of link quality change is distinguished. When the FEC change slope and the link parameter degradation slope are both positive, it is determined to be a continuous link degradation. When the FEC change slope suddenly increases but the link physical layer parameters do not have an obvious slow change trend, it is determined to be a sudden link interference.

[0092] The local optical module employs a linear trend extrapolation method. For scenarios of persistent link degradation, it extrapolates the link performance predictions for the next 1 second and 5 seconds based on the changing trends of the current five consecutive statistical windows. For scenarios of sudden link interference, the extrapolation time window is shortened to extrapolate the link performance predictions for the next 200ms to 1 second. All predictions include the predicted bit error rate before error correction, the predicted link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the predicted received optical power. The local optical module then combines the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission task with the minimum SNR threshold, the maximum tolerable bit error rate threshold, and the upper limit of FEC error correction capability required for the target transmission. This allows it to predict whether the link performance will exceed the critical thresholds required for the target transmission within future time intervals, as well as the magnitude of the link performance change, thus completing a quantitative prediction of link quality changes.

[0093] Then, based on the predicted link performance threshold, and combined with the link recovery margin and stability threshold corresponding to each candidate rate determined in the previous steps, the safe rate range for the corresponding prediction time interval is determined. The lower limit of the safe rate range is the minimum service transmission rate required by the target transmission demand, and the upper limit is the highest candidate rate within the prediction time interval where the link recovery margin can meet the stability threshold requirements. When the predicted link quality shows a deteriorating trend, the upper limit of the safe rate range is simultaneously lowered; when the predicted link quality shows a continuous improving trend and the current rate has not reached the nominal maximum rate of the optical module, the upper limit of the safe rate range is simultaneously raised. The local optical module performs dynamic adjustments based on the determined safe rate range and the current transmission rate. The adjustment process follows the principles of anti-jitter control and transmit / receive synchronization, setting a minimum time interval between two adjacent rate adjustments, which is no less than 500ms by default and can be configured within the range of 200ms to 1s to avoid link fluctuations caused by frequent adjustments.

[0094] For scenarios of persistent link degradation, when the predicted link quality will exceed the critical threshold corresponding to the current rate, the local optical module, within the safe rate range, directly selects the highest rate that meets the stability requirements of the predicted link state as the adjustment target rate. For scenarios of sudden link interference, the local optical module first notifies the peer optical module to adjust the FEC decoding parameters via in-band communication. If the interference persists and the FEC error correction pressure is not relieved, then the rate is lowered. When the predicted link quality continues to improve and the current transmission rate is lower than the upper limit of the safe rate range, the local optical module adjusts upwards according to a preset step size. The preset step size is the higher-level rate adjacent to the current rate in the candidate rate set. Only one level is adjusted at a time. Before adjustment, the link stability is predicted. After confirming that the stability requirements can be met, the local optical module sends a rate adjustment command to the peer optical module through the in-band communication channel within the link, carrying the communication parameters and synchronization switching timing corresponding to the target rate. Both ends synchronously complete parameter configuration and rate switching. After the switching is completed, the link communication status and FEC error correction status are verified to be normal, thus completing the dynamic rate adjustment.

[0095] By continuously monitoring the FEC error correction status and the physical layer status of the link during transmission, and combining the FEC change trend, the link quality can be predicted in advance for different scenarios and the safe rate range can be dynamically updated. In the process of service transmission, the transmission rate can be adaptively and prudently adjusted dynamically, taking into account both the transmission efficiency of optical module communication and the long-term stability of the link.

[0096] In summary, the adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules provided in this application has the following technical effects:

[0097] This application collects physical layer status information of the initial low-speed communication link, generates an adapted disturbance test strategy based on the target transmission requirements, calculates the recovery margin of each candidate rate based on the link disturbance recovery response, selects the optimal target rate for link establishment, and dynamically optimizes the rate by predicting the link quality through FEC change trends during transmission. This achieves adaptive rate negotiation of the optical module, balancing transmission efficiency and link stability, and achieves the technical effect of matching the optical module transmission rate with the actual link status and actual transmission requirements, ensuring the stability of optical transmission, and making full use of link transmission resources.

[0098] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, based on the same inventive concept as in Embodiment 1 above, this application provides an adaptive rate negotiation system for an optical module, the system comprising:

[0099] Candidate rate set acquisition module 1 is used to establish initial communication between the local optical module and the remote optical module, and to acquire the candidate rate set supported by the local optical module and the remote optical module.

[0100] Link status information acquisition module 2 is used to acquire link physical layer status information by transmitting training sequences between the local optical module and the remote optical module in low-speed detection mode.

[0101] The link recovery response acquisition module 3, based on the link physical layer state information and target transmission requirements, applies a perturbation to the transmitted signal during the training sequence transmission process to obtain the link recovery response under the perturbation condition.

[0102] Recovery margin determination module 4 is used to perform link recovery margin analysis on the candidate rate set based on the recovery response, and determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate.

[0103] The transmission link construction module 5 is used to determine the target rate based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate, under the condition of satisfying the transmission stability constraint, and establish the execution transmission link.

[0104] Furthermore, the link status information acquisition module 2 is used to perform the following steps:

[0105] Entering low-speed detection mode, the local optical module generates a training sequence according to the detection dimensions, including signal spectral characteristics, bit distribution characteristics, and training length. The local optical module modulates the generated training sequence into an optical signal through the transmitter module and sends it to the peer optical module through the optical fiber link. The peer optical module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal through the receiver module, samples the electrical signal in real time, and generates a raw signal data stream. Based on the raw signal data stream, physical state parameters are calculated to obtain the link physical layer state information.

[0106] Furthermore, the link status information acquisition module 2 is used to perform the following steps:

[0107] The original signal data stream is subjected to signal processing, including clock recovery processing, equalization training processing, and bit error detection processing; physical layer state parameters are calculated based on the signal processing results, and the physical layer state parameters are combined into a link state vector to obtain the link physical layer state information. The physical layer state parameters include received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability.

[0108] Furthermore, the link recovery response acquisition module 3 is used to perform the following steps:

[0109] Based on the physical layer status information of the link and the target transmission requirements, a disturbance test strategy is determined; a disturbance is applied to the transmitted signal according to the disturbance test strategy to make the link operate under disturbance conditions, and the recovery response status of the link under disturbance conditions is monitored synchronously. The disturbance includes transmit power disturbance, signal amplitude disturbance, clock frequency offset disturbance, and signal noise disturbance.

[0110] Furthermore, the link recovery response acquisition module 3 is used to perform the following steps:

[0111] Sensitivity analysis of link state parameters is performed based on the link physical layer state information to obtain the link's response sensitivity to different types of disturbances; transmission characteristics of the transmission target are extracted based on the target transmission requirements to obtain the signal impulse characteristics of the target transmission task; based on the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics, a disturbance type matching the current link state and the target transmission task is determined through disturbance mapping rules; based on the disturbance type combined with the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics in the frequency and time domains, the corresponding disturbance amplitude, gradient change mode, and duration are determined to generate a disturbance testing strategy.

[0112] Furthermore, the link recovery response acquisition module 3 is used to perform the following steps:

[0113] A transmission demand feature vector is constructed, and the optical signal physical feature vector is parsed based on the transmission demand feature vector; the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index of the signal in the link are calculated based on the optical signal physical feature vector; based on the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index, the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission task are generated, and the signal impact characteristics are used to describe the potential interference capability of the target transmission signal in the link.

[0114] Furthermore, the recovery margin determination module 4 is used to perform the following steps:

[0115] Based on the link recovery response of each candidate rate in the candidate rate set, the maximum disturbance level for the candidate rate to maintain stable communication under disturbance conditions is determined; based on the difference between the maximum disturbance level and the current link disturbance level, the link recovery margin corresponding to the candidate rate is calculated.

[0116] Furthermore, the transmission link construction module 5 is used to perform the following steps:

[0117] A set of candidate rates and corresponding recovery margins is constructed. Based on a preset stability threshold, it is determined whether each candidate rate meets the stability constraint. The stability threshold is set according to the link power margin, bit error margin, or FEC error correction margin. The highest rate among the candidate rates that meet the stability constraint is selected as the target rate. Communication parameters are configured according to the target rate, and an execution transmission link is established.

[0118] Furthermore, the transmission link construction module 5 is used to perform the following steps:

[0119] During transmission, the link physical layer status information and FEC error correction statistics are continuously monitored, and the FEC change trend is calculated based on the FEC error correction statistics. Based on the FEC change trend, the link physical layer status information and the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission requirements are combined to predict the link quality change. The safe rate range for the corresponding time interval is determined based on the link quality change, and the current transmission rate is dynamically adjusted within the safe rate range.

[0120] The adaptive rate negotiation system for optical modules provided in this embodiment of the invention can execute the adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules provided in any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method.

[0121] Although this application makes various references to certain modules in the system according to the embodiments of this application, any number of different modules can be used and run on user terminals and / or servers. The various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional unit are only for easy distinction between each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0122] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. In some cases, the actions or steps described in this application can be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

Claims

1. An adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules, characterized in that, include: Establish initial communication between the local optical module and the remote optical module, and obtain the candidate rate set supported by the local optical module and the remote optical module; In low-speed detection mode, training sequences are transmitted between the local optical module and the remote optical module to obtain the physical layer status information of the link; Based on the physical layer state information of the link and the target transmission requirements, a perturbation is applied to the transmitted signal during the transmission of the training sequence to obtain the link's recovery response under the perturbation conditions. Based on the recovery response, a link recovery margin analysis is performed on the candidate rate set to determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate. Based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate, the target rate is determined under the condition of satisfying the transmission stability constraint, and the execution transmission link is established. After establishing the execution transport link, the following is also included: During transmission, the link physical layer status information and FEC error correction statistics are continuously monitored, and the FEC change trend is calculated based on the FEC error correction statistics. Based on the FEC change trend, the link quality change is predicted by combining the link physical layer status information and the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission requirements. The safe rate range for the corresponding time interval is determined based on the link quality changes, and the current transmission rate is dynamically adjusted within the safe rate range. Based on the link physical layer state information and target transmission requirements, a perturbation is applied to the transmitted signal during the training sequence transmission process to obtain the link's recovery response under the perturbation conditions, including: Based on the physical layer state information of the link and the target transmission requirements, determine the disturbance testing strategy; According to the disturbance test strategy, a disturbance is applied to the transmitted signal to make the link operate under the disturbance condition, and the recovery response status of the link under the disturbance condition is monitored synchronously. The disturbance includes transmission power disturbance, signal amplitude disturbance, clock frequency offset disturbance, and signal noise disturbance. Based on the link physical layer state information and the target transmission requirements, a disturbance testing strategy is determined, including: Based on the physical layer state information of the link, a sensitivity analysis of the link state parameters is performed to obtain the link's response sensitivity to different types of disturbances; Based on the target transmission requirements, the transmission characteristics of the transmission target are extracted to obtain the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission task. Based on the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics, the disturbance type that matches the current link state and the target transmission task is determined by the disturbance mapping rule; Based on the disturbance type, the response sensitivity, and the response characteristics of the signal impulse in the frequency and time domains, the corresponding disturbance amplitude, gradient change mode, and duration are determined, and a disturbance testing strategy is generated.

2. The adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, In low-speed detection mode, training sequences are transmitted between the local optical module and the remote optical module to obtain link physical layer state information, including: Entering low-speed detection mode, the local optical module generates a training sequence according to the detection dimensions, which include signal spectrum characteristics, bit distribution characteristics, and training length. The local optical module modulates the generated training sequence into an optical signal through the transmitter module and sends it to the remote optical module through the optical fiber link. The receiving optical module converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal through the receiving module, samples the electrical signal in real time, and generates the original signal data stream. Physical state parameters are calculated based on the original signal data stream to obtain the link physical layer state information.

3. The adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the original signal data stream, physical state parameters are calculated to obtain link physical layer state information, including: The original signal data stream is subjected to signal processing, including clock recovery processing, equalization training processing, and bit error detection processing; The physical layer state parameters are calculated based on the signal processing results. The physical layer state parameters are combined into a link state vector to obtain the link physical layer state information. The physical layer state parameters include received optical power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, equalization parameters, and clock recovery stability.

4. The adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the target transmission requirements, the transmission characteristics of the transmission target are extracted to obtain the signal impulse characteristics of the target transmission task, including: Construct a transmission demand feature vector, and parse the physical feature vector of the optical signal based on the transmission demand feature vector; Calculate the bandwidth impact index, level impact index, and power impact index of the signal in the link based on the physical feature vector of the optical signal. Based on the bandwidth surge index, level surge index, and power surge index, signal surge characteristics of the target transmission task are generated. These signal surge characteristics are used to describe the potential interference capability of the target transmission signal in the link.

5. The adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the recovery response, a link recovery margin analysis is performed on the candidate rate set to determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate, including: Based on the link recovery response of each candidate rate in the candidate rate set, determine the maximum disturbance level for the candidate rate to maintain stable communication under disturbance conditions. The link recovery margin corresponding to the candidate rate is calculated based on the difference between the maximum disturbance level and the current link disturbance level.

6. The adaptive rate negotiation method for optical modules according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate, the target rate is determined under the constraint of transmission stability, and an execution transmission link is established, including: Construct a set of candidate rates and corresponding recovery margins, and determine whether each candidate rate meets the stability constraints based on a preset stability threshold. The stability threshold is set based on the link power margin, bit error margin, or FEC error correction margin. Select the highest rate from the candidate rates that satisfy the stability constraints as the target rate; Configure communication parameters according to the target rate and establish an execution transmission link.

7. An adaptive rate negotiation system for optical modules, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the adaptive rate negotiation method for an optical module according to any one of claims 1-6, the system comprising: The candidate rate set acquisition module is used to establish initial communication between the local optical module and the remote optical module, and to acquire the candidate rate set supported by the local optical module and the remote optical module. The link status information acquisition module is used to acquire link physical layer status information by transmitting training sequences between the local optical module and the remote optical module in low-speed detection mode. The link recovery response acquisition module, based on the link physical layer state information and target transmission requirements, applies a perturbation to the transmitted signal during the transmission of the training sequence to obtain the link recovery response under the perturbation conditions. The recovery margin determination module is used to perform link recovery margin analysis on the candidate rate set based on the recovery response, and determine the recovery margin of each candidate rate. The transmission link construction module is used to determine the target rate based on the recovery margin of each candidate rate, while satisfying the transmission stability constraints, and to establish the execution transmission link. The transmission link construction module is used to perform the following steps: continuously monitor the physical layer status information and FEC error correction statistics during transmission, and calculate the FEC change trend based on the FEC error correction statistics; Based on the FEC change trend, the link quality change is predicted by combining the link physical layer status information and the signal impact characteristics of the target transmission requirements. The safe rate range for the corresponding time interval is determined based on the link quality changes, and the current transmission rate is dynamically adjusted within the safe rate range. The link recovery response acquisition module is used to perform the following steps: Based on the physical layer status information of the link and the target transmission requirements, a disturbance test strategy is determined; a disturbance is applied to the transmitted signal according to the disturbance test strategy to make the link operate under disturbance conditions, and the recovery response status of the link under disturbance conditions is monitored synchronously. The disturbance includes transmit power disturbance, signal amplitude disturbance, clock frequency offset disturbance, and signal noise disturbance. The link recovery response acquisition module is used to perform the following steps: Sensitivity analysis of link state parameters is performed based on the link physical layer state information to obtain the link's response sensitivity to different types of disturbances; transmission characteristics of the transmission target are extracted based on the target transmission requirements to obtain the signal impulse characteristics of the target transmission task; based on the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics, a disturbance type matching the current link state and the target transmission task is determined through disturbance mapping rules; based on the disturbance type combined with the response sensitivity and the signal impulse characteristics in the frequency and time domains, the corresponding disturbance amplitude, gradient change mode, and duration are determined to generate a disturbance testing strategy.

Images