Terminal antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a terminal antenna and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of antennas. According to the scheme, a high-directivity antenna scheme and specific implementation in the electronic equipment are provided. The terminal antenna is applied to the electronic equipment. The electronic equipment comprises a first edge, a second edge and a third edge, one end of the third edge is connected with the first edge, the other end of the third edge is connected with the second edge, and the first edge is opposite to the second edge. The terminal antenna comprises a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna is at least partially arranged on the first side, and the second antenna is at least partially arranged on the second side. A first signal is fed into the first antenna, a second signal is fed into the second antenna, and the first signal and the second signal have different phases. The electric field large point of the first antenna and the electric field large point of the second antenna are located at one end close to the third side.

Description

A terminal antenna and electronic device

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a terminal antenna and electronic device.

[0002] Electronic devices can communicate wirelessly through the antennas installed therein.

[0003] The requirements for antennas vary depending on the wireless communication scenario. For example, in some communication scenarios, the antenna needs to provide good directionality in certain fixed directions. For instance, when the communication scenario is satellite communication, this fixed direction may include a direction pointing upwards towards the electronic device.

[0004]

[0005] This application provides a terminal antenna and an electronic device, provides a highly directional antenna scheme, and a specific implementation in the electronic device.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, a terminal antenna is provided, the antenna being applied to an electronic device; the electronic device includes a first side, a second side, and a third side, one end of the third side being connected to the first side, and the other end of the third side being connected to the second side, the first side and the second side being opposite to each other. The terminal antenna includes: a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna is at least partially disposed on the first side, and the second antenna is at least partially disposed on the second side. A first signal is fed into the first antenna, and a second signal is fed into the second antenna, the first signal and the second signal being out of phase. The electric field point of the first antenna and the electric field point of the second antenna are both located near the end of the third side.

[0008] Based on this scheme, a first antenna and a second antenna are positioned on opposite sides, and both antennas are fed using non-common-mode power. Furthermore, the points of greatest electric field for the first and second antennas can be at the same end in the same direction, for example, both near the third side. In this way, the coordinated operation of the first and second antennas can achieve good directivity in the direction pointing from the center of the electronic device towards the third side.

[0009] The third side can be either the top side or the bottom side.

[0010] Taking the third side as the top side as an example. In existing solutions, when good directivity is needed in the top region, the antenna is placed on the third side. However, placing the antenna radiator on the side makes it impossible to obtain good directivity in the top region.

[0011] In the solution provided in this application, by placing the antenna on the first and second sides, better directivity can be achieved in the direction from the center of the electronic device to the third side. This provides more possible options for high-directivity antenna design. Furthermore, this solution can achieve better directivity compared to directly placing the antenna on the third side.

[0012] In some possible designs, the third side is the top edge of the electronic device, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the top region of the electronic device or the bottom region of the electronic device. Alternatively, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the bottom region of the electronic device or the top region of the electronic device.

[0013] This scheme clarifies that when the third side is the top side, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna scheme provided in this application can be configured to point towards the top region or towards the bottom region. Furthermore, when the third side is the bottom side, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna scheme provided in this application can be configured to point towards the top region or towards the bottom region.

[0014] In some possible designs, the electronic device has a first electric field distributed in the region indicated by the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna, the first electric field including a portion (such as the Ex component) with the electric field direction parallel to the third side.

[0015] Taking the third side as the top edge as an example, the solution provided by this invention can obtain an electric field distribution including the Ex component in the top region, thereby obtaining better directionality in the top region.

[0016] In some possible designs, the antenna type of the first antenna and / or the second antenna is any of the following: a common-mode line antenna in resonant mode, a common-mode line antenna in non-resonant mode, a common-mode slot antenna in non-resonant mode, a differential-mode line antenna in resonant mode, or a differential-mode line antenna in non-resonant mode.

[0017] In some possible designs, the first antenna and / or the second antenna may be any of the following: a left-handed antenna, an inverted F antenna, or an L-shaped antenna.

[0018] The above example provides two possible configuration options for the first and second antennas. The specific implementation can be flexibly selected based on the actual situation.

[0019] In some possible designs, the first antenna includes a first radiator with a first feed point.

[0020] In some possible designs, the first signal is fed into the first radiator through the first feed point. The first radiator is rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped. At least a portion of the first projection falls on the first side, and the first projection is the projection of the first radiator onto the line containing the first side.

[0021] In some possible designs, at least a portion of the second projection falls on the third side, and the second projection is the projection of the first radiator onto the line containing the third side.

[0022] In some possible designs, the electric field point of the first radiator is located at a first end of the first radiator near the third side, and the first radiator also includes a second end away from the third side.

[0023] This clarifies the structural characteristics of a radiator with a feed point. In some implementations, the radiator with the feed point can be entirely located on the side (e.g., the first side). In other implementations, the radiator with the feed point can extend to the top side (e.g., the third side). Understandably, in different implementations, the point of maximum electric field of the radiator with the feed point is located at the end closer to the third side.

[0024] In some possible designs, the first terminal is configured to be floating. The second terminal is configured to be grounded via a capacitor, or directly grounded, or grounded via an inductor, or floating.

[0025] Therefore, by configuring the electrical connection between the first and second ends, it is possible to ensure that the maximum electric field point of the first antenna is located at the end closer to the third side.

[0026] In some possible designs, the third side is the top edge of the electronic device, and the second end is configured to be grounded via an inductor, directly grounded, or grounded via a first capacitor, with the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna pointing towards the top region of the electronic device. Alternatively, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, and the second end is configured to be grounded via an inductor, directly grounded, or grounded via the first capacitor, with the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna pointing towards the bottom region of the electronic device. The first capacitor is greater than 10pF.

[0027] In some possible designs, the third side is the top edge of the electronic device, the second end is grounded through a second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points towards the bottom region of the electronic device. Alternatively, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, the second end is grounded through a second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points towards the top region of the electronic device. The second capacitor is less than 10 pF.

[0028] Based on this scheme, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna can be adjusted by configuring the end of the first antenna furthest from the third side with different capacitors grounded. In some cases, this different configuration may be fixed at the factory. For example, in some devices, the maximum radiation direction is fixed in the direction corresponding to the third side by configuring the second end with a large capacitor grounded. In other cases, this different configuration may be compatible within the same electronic device. For example, the second end of the same device may be equipped with a switch. Different paths on the switch may be equipped with large and small capacitors respectively. Thus, when the device needs the maximum radiation direction to point towards the third side, the large capacitor path is switched on. When the device needs the maximum radiation direction to point towards the opposite direction of the third side, the small capacitor path is switched on.

[0029] In some possible designs, the first antenna includes a second radiator, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is positioned opposite to the end of the first radiator near the third side.

[0030] In some possible designs, the first antenna includes a third radiator disposed on the side of the first radiator away from the third side. The third radiator has one or more electrical connection points configured to be grounded via capacitors.

[0031] This provides several other possible antenna implementation schemes. For example, one or more parasitic radiators can be placed near the first radiator where the feed point is located, further improving the antenna's radiation performance.

[0032] In some possible designs, the second antenna can be configured based on the same technical approach as the first antenna.

[0033] For example, in some possible designs, the second antenna includes a fourth radiator with a second feed point. The first signal is fed into the fourth radiator through the second feed point. The fourth radiator is rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped. At least a portion of a first projection falls on the second side, and the first projection is the projection of the fourth radiator onto the line containing the second side.

[0034] In some possible designs, at least a portion of the second projection falls on the third side, and the second projection is the projection of the fourth radiator onto the line containing the third side.

[0035] In some possible designs, the electric field point of the second radiator is located at the first end of the fourth radiator near the third side, and the fourth radiator also includes a second end away from the third side.

[0036] In some possible designs, the first terminal is configured to be floating. The second terminal is configured to be grounded via a capacitor, or directly grounded, or grounded via an inductor, or floating.

[0037] In some possible designs, the third side is the top edge of the electronic device, and the second end is configured to be grounded via an inductor, directly grounded, or grounded via a first capacitor, with the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna pointing towards the top region of the electronic device. Alternatively, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, and the second end is configured to be grounded via an inductor, directly grounded, or grounded via the first capacitor, with the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna pointing towards the bottom region of the electronic device. The first capacitor is greater than 10pF.

[0038] In some possible designs, the third side is the top edge of the electronic device, the second end is grounded through a second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points towards the bottom region of the electronic device. Alternatively, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, the second end is grounded through a second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points towards the top region of the electronic device. The second capacitor is less than 10 pF.

[0039] In some possible designs, the second antenna includes a fifth radiator, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is positioned opposite the end of the fourth radiator closest to the third side.

[0040] In some possible designs, the second antenna includes a sixth radiator disposed on the side of the fourth radiator away from the third side. The sixth radiator has one or more electrical connection points configured to be grounded via capacitors.

[0041] The example above shows a scenario where the third side is the top edge. If the third side is the bottom edge, the corresponding top area can be replaced with the bottom area. The actual settings are similar to those described above and will not be repeated here.

[0042] It should be noted that in this application, the antenna types of the first antenna and the second antenna can be the same or different. The positions of the first antenna on the first side and the second antenna on the second side can be symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to the perpendicular bisector of the electronic device. That is, the y-coordinate of the first antenna on the first side and the y-coordinate of the second antenna on the second side can be the same or different. The position of the first antenna on the first side can include the y-coordinate of the center of the first antenna or the y-coordinate of either end of the first antenna. The position of the second antenna corresponds to that of the first antenna.

[0043] In some possible designs, the terminal antenna also includes a guiding structure. This guiding structure is not connected to the first antenna or the second antenna. The guiding structure is made of a conductive material. The electrical length of the guiding structure is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna. The guiding structure is located outside the first antenna and / or the second antenna, in a region pointing towards the direction of maximum radiation.

[0044] Therefore, based on the configuration of the first and second antennas described above, additional directional structures can be set up to further enhance the directivity.

[0045] In some possible designs, the terminal antenna also includes a reflective structure that is not connected to the first antenna or the second antenna. The reflective structure is made of a conductive material. The electrical length of the reflective structure is greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna. The reflective structure is located outside the first antenna and / or the second antenna, in a region opposite to the direction of maximum radiation.

[0046] Therefore, based on the configuration of the first and second antennas described above, additional reflection structures can be set up to further enhance directivity.

[0047] In some possible designs, the guide structure has at least one electrical connection point configured to be grounded via a capacitor or inductor. The capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the guide structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the guide structure to be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. Alternatively, the capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the guide structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the guide structure to be greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, so that the guide structure can be adjusted into a reflective structure.

[0048] In some possible designs, the reflective structure has at least one electrical connection point configured to be grounded via a capacitor or inductor. The capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the reflective structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the reflective structure to be greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. Alternatively, the capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the reflective structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the reflective structure to be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, so that the reflective structure can be adjusted into a directing structure.

[0049] It is understandable that the configuration of the same structure as a reflective or directing structure can be non-fixed. By configuring the electrical connection points on the structure before leaving the factory, or by adjusting them in real time after leaving the factory, it is possible to configure the structure at the same location as a directing structure or as a reflective structure.

[0050] In some possible designs, the guiding and / or reflecting structures are implemented through a reference ground and / or a metal frame and / or an external conductive structure.

[0051] In some possible designs, the terminal antenna also includes a third antenna. This third antenna is positioned on the third side. This third antenna is configured to radiate via differential-mode feeding.

[0052] In some possible designs, the electronic device housing the terminal antenna includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and two sides. The top edge is closer to the camera of the electronic device than the bottom edge. The bottom edge is the side of the electronic device where the USB interface is located.

[0053] In some possible designs, the lengths of the top and bottom edges are less than the lengths of the two side edges.

[0054] This clarifies the correspondence between the top edge, bottom edge, and side edge and the specific implementation of the electronic device under different circumstances.

[0055] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes a terminal antenna as provided in the first aspect and any possible design thereof.

[0056] It is understood that the solution provided in the second aspect of this application can be respectively associated with the first aspect and any of its possible designs, and therefore the beneficial effects can be achieved are similar, which will not be repeated here.

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 2 is a simulation diagram of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiment of this application during operation;

[0059] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship between an antenna and a reference ground according to an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric field simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an electric field simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reference system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 14 is a logical schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an antenna working logic provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of an electric field simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of a current simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0087] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of an electric field simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of an electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0095] Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0096] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0097] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0098] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0099] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0100] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0101] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0102] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0103] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0105] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0106] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram of an electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0107] Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0108] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0109] Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of an electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0110] Figure 54 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0111] Figure 55 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0112] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0113] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0117] Figure 61 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of an electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0119] Figure 63 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0120] Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0121] Figure 65 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0122] Figure 66 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0123] Figure 67 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0124] Figure 68 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 69 is a schematic diagram of an electrical parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 70 is a schematic diagram of an antenna design provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0127] Figure 71 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0128] Figure 72 is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0129] Electronic devices can communicate wirelessly through antennas installed within them. The performance requirements for these antennas vary depending on the specific wireless communication scenario.

[0130] For example, in some wireless communication scenarios, it is necessary for the antenna to have good radiation performance in a certain direction (such as a first direction). For instance, this first direction could be a direction pointing towards the sky.

[0131] It is understandable that, assuming antenna efficiency is the same or comparable, better directivity in the first direction can be expressed as a larger directivity coefficient (D) in that direction. Here, the directivity coefficient can be the directivity coefficient in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna. In this case, the first direction can be the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0132] Since the efficiency is comparable and the directivity coefficient is large, the gain in the first direction is higher. Thus, the antenna can have better radiation performance in that first direction.

[0133] Therefore, in scenarios where radiation performance in the first direction is required, the antenna in the electronic device needs to be configured to have good directivity in the first direction.

[0134] As an example, let's take satellite communication as an example of wireless communication.

[0135] When electronic devices conduct satellite communications, they can be configured with antennas that offer better directionality in the upper hemisphere airspace. This provides better communication quality when using such antennas for satellite communication. The first direction refers to any direction pointing into the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0136] The upper hemisphere airspace can be interpreted as: in the first coordinate system, the airspace on the positive z-axis side of the xoy plane is the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0137] The first coordinate system can be a spherical coordinate system constructed with the center point of the display screen as the center when the electronic device's screen is placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In this first coordinate system, the origin is o, the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane pointing to the sky is the positive z-axis, and the xoy plane is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0138] It is understandable that communication satellites are located in the upper hemisphere of airspace for most of their operating time. Therefore, when the antenna in the electronic device has good directionality in the upper hemisphere airspace, it can effectively communicate wirelessly with the communication satellite.

[0139] It should be noted that the above example uses a satellite communication scenario to illustrate the antenna's directional requirements. In other wireless communication scenarios, the direction indicated by the first direction may not be included in the aforementioned upper hemisphere airspace. The specific direction pointed to by the first direction can be determined based on the actual wireless communication application scenario.

[0140] Taking a first direction pointing towards the upper hemisphere airspace as an example. In some embodiments, the first direction can be the +y direction. In other embodiments, the first direction can be an upward-sloping direction. For example, the y-component of the first direction can be the +y direction, rather than the -y direction.

[0141] Taking a first direction pointing towards the lower hemisphere airspace as an example. The lower hemisphere airspace can be the airspace on the negative z-axis side of the xoy plane, opposite to the upper hemisphere airspace. In some embodiments, the first direction can be the -y direction. In other embodiments, the first direction can be a downward-sloping direction. For example, the y-component of the first direction can be the -y direction, rather than the +y direction.

[0142] The solution provided in this application can be applied to the antenna design of electronic devices, enabling the antenna to have better directivity in a first direction. This, in turn, allows the electronic device equipped with the antenna to achieve better communication quality when conducting wireless communication.

[0143] The principles, structure, and effects of the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0144] Understandably, as a typical antenna design, the dipole antenna has high reference value for the design of various existing antenna schemes.

[0145] For example, referring to Figure 1, a schematic diagram of a typical dipole antenna is provided.

[0146] As shown in Figure 1, the dipole scheme may include a radiator. A feed point may be provided on the radiator. The feed point is used to input the feed signal.

[0147] In some implementations, the electrical length of the radiator of a dipole antenna can be configured to be half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0148] In this example, the feed point can be located at the point of high current in the radiator. For example, consider a feed point located at the center of the radiator corresponding to the point of high current in the radiator. Radiators with an electrical length of 1 / 4 wavelength can be located on either side of the feed point.

[0149] Figure 2 provides simulation examples of various aspects of radiation from the dipole antenna shown in Figure 1. The operating frequency band includes 1.65 GHz as an example.

[0150] As shown in the simulation of the reflection coefficient (S11) in Figure 2, the resonance of the antenna excitation can cover 1.65 GHz when the antenna is working.

[0151] Figure 2 also provides a schematic diagram of the electrical parameters at 1.65 GHz.

[0152] As shown in the current simulation, when the dipole antenna radiates near 1.65 GHz, a current in the same direction can be distributed throughout the radiator.

[0153] As shown in the radiation pattern simulation, when the dipole antenna radiates near 1.65 GHz, a standard "apple" shaped radiation effect can be obtained from the side view; a circular radiation effect can be obtained from the top view. That is, the radiation performance in the horizontal direction is relatively uniform.

[0154] Simulation results show that the directivity coefficient of the dipole antenna is D = 2.1.

[0155] Figure 2 also provides a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation of this dipole antenna. It can be seen that an electric field distribution parallel or approximately parallel to the antenna radiator can be formed in one side region of the antenna radiator.

[0156] The descriptions of Figures 1 and 2 above illustrate the operation of the dipole antenna under ideal conditions (e.g., when there is no conductive medium nearby).

[0157] Understandably, when an antenna is placed in an electronic device, the reference ground will inevitably be located near the antenna radiator. This reference ground will affect the antenna's radiation.

[0158] Referring to Figure 3, an example of the relative positional relationship between an antenna and a reference ground is shown. In this example, the antenna is positioned at the middle of the top edge of the reference ground. In other embodiments, the antenna may be positioned at other locations on the reference ground.

[0159] In some implementations, the size of the reference ground can be close to the size of the electronic device. For example, taking a mobile phone as an example, the size of the reference ground can be configured as 151*221*3.5. The following simulation diagrams are all based on this.

[0160] Referring to Figure 4, taking the dipole antenna shown in Figure 1 as an example, which is set in the antenna setting area shown in Figure 3, this scheme is called Scheme 41.

[0161] As shown in Figure 4, in scheme 41, the antenna may include a radiator corresponding to half a wavelength. A feed point may be provided on this radiator for inputting a feed signal. Thus, the antenna radiator can radiate in a half-wavelength mode. Scheme 31 can correspond to the dipole antenna shown in Figure 1. This dipole antenna can operate in a half-wavelength mode. In some implementations, the length of the radiator in scheme 31 can be set to 42 mm.

[0162] As shown in Figure 4, Scheme 41 is only one configuration implementation of a dipole antenna. In this scheme, a feed point can be configured at the middle position of the dipole antenna (i.e., the point of high current) for inputting the feed signal. It can be understood that this single feed signal input at the middle position can be replaced by two signals of equal amplitude and in phase. These two signals of equal amplitude and in phase can constitute a common-mode (CM) signal. That is, the common-mode signal can be input from the point of high current to the radiator of the dipole antenna to excite the dipole antenna.

[0163] In other implementations, the dipole antenna can also be excited by differential-mode feeding. The feed signal corresponding to differential-mode feeding is a differential-mode (DM) signal. The two signals constituting the differential-mode signal can have the characteristics of equal amplitude and opposite phase; that is, the signal amplitudes are the same, but the phase difference is 180 degrees.

[0164] In this embodiment, the power supply method may further include non-common-mode excitation. In the case of non-common-mode excitation, the power supply signal is a non-common-mode signal. The two signals constituting the non-common-mode signal may have the characteristic of having the same amplitude but different phases. That is, the signal amplitudes are the same, but the phase differences are different. For example, the phase difference is between 0 and 180 degrees.

[0165] When exciting a dipole antenna with differential-mode feeding, feeding points can be set at the points where the electric field of the dipole antenna is large, so as to input differential-mode signals.

[0166] For example, referring to Figure 5, a scheme for a differentially fed dipole antenna is provided. This scheme can be referred to as Scheme 42.

[0167] In the example shown in Figure 5, we continue to use a dipole antenna set in the antenna setting area shown in Figure 3, such as the middle position of the top edge.

[0168] As shown in Figure 5, when the dipole antenna is excited by differential-mode feeding, the electric length of the radiator of the dipole antenna can still be half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. The two ends or near the two ends of the dipole antenna radiator are the points of maximum electric field. Feed points can be set at the two points of maximum electric field to realize the input of differential-mode signals.

[0169] Figure 6 provides a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of Scheme 42 as shown in Figure 5.

[0170] As shown in Figure 6, when scheme 42 is operating, the directivity coefficient D = 4.16. There is a lateral electric field distribution on both sides of the electronic device (such as the reference ground of the electronic device). Therefore, energy cannot be concentrated in the top region in large quantities, resulting in a low directivity coefficient of scheme 42 in the top region.

[0171] The top region can correspond to the region in the +y direction of the electronic device's reference ground. This top region can be a portion of the upper hemisphere airspace in the aforementioned example.

[0172] Figure 7 provides a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation for Scheme 42 shown in Figure 5.

[0173] As shown in Figure 7, when this scheme 42 is working, it can form an electric field distribution in the top region, including the electric field in the x-direction. In the following description, the electric field in the x-direction is referred to as the Ex component of the electric field, or simply the Ex electric field or Ex component. Correspondingly, the electric field in the y-direction is referred to as the Ey component of the electric field, or simply the Ey electric field or Ey component.

[0174] Understandably, the Ex component, being parallel to the top edge of the reference ground, experiences less loss during far-field transmission compared to the tangential Ey component. Therefore, the higher the proportion of the Ex component in the overall electric field distribution, the better the antenna's directivity in that Ex component distribution region.

[0175] Referring to the example in Figure 7, in the existing scheme 42, although placing the dipole antenna on the top edge of the reference ground can excite a certain Ex component, there are also oblique and Ey components. Therefore, the proportion of the Ex component is low, and the directivity coefficient is not high.

[0176] Referring to Figure 8, another existing solution is provided. In solution 43 shown in Figure 8, compared to solution 42, the antenna radiator is shortened to an electrical length less than 1 / 2 wavelength.

[0177] In scheme 43, the antenna position is similar to that in scheme 42, located at the middle of the top edge of the reference ground. The feeding method is similar to that in scheme 42, with differential mode feeding at both ends of the radiator for excitation.

[0178] Scheme 43 can also be called a non-resonant electric small ring.

[0179] Figure 9 provides a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of Scheme 43 as shown in Figure 8.

[0180] As shown in Figure 9, when scheme 43 is operating, the directivity coefficient D = 2.79. Similar to the radiation pattern distribution of scheme 42, there is a lateral electric field distribution on both sides of the electronic device (such as the reference ground of the electronic device). Therefore, energy cannot be concentrated in the top region in large quantities, which results in a low directivity coefficient of scheme 43 in the top region.

[0181] Figure 10 provides a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation for Scheme 43 as shown in Figure 8.

[0182] As shown in Figure 10, similar to the electric field distribution of Scheme 42, when the non-resonant electric loop provided by Scheme 43 is working, although there is an Ex component in the top region, there is also an Ey component and an oblique electric field component. Therefore, this results in a low directivity coefficient for Scheme 42.

[0183] The above solutions 42 and 43 provide examples of existing solutions for placing the antenna in the middle of the top edge. These solutions 42 and 43 are frequently used in scenarios requiring good directionality in the top area. For example, such scenarios may include satellite communication scenarios.

[0184] With the development of electronic devices, the locations where antennas can be installed inside these devices are becoming increasingly restricted. In some cases, there may not be enough space reserved at the top edge of the reference ground of the electronic device to install an antenna. Based on the descriptions of Schemes 42 and 43, even if Schemes 42 or 43 can be configured at the top edge, their directivity coefficient in the top region is not high, and therefore cannot provide good radiation performance in the upper hemisphere airspace of the electronic device.

[0185] In some implementations, electronic devices can approximate a rectangular structure. The top and bottom edges are the shorter sides, and the two side edges are the longer sides. When it is not possible to place the antenna on the top edge, or placing the antenna on the top edge cannot meet design requirements (such as better directivity in the top area), it is possible to try placing the antenna on the side of the reference ground.

[0186] For example, referring to Figure 11, an example of an existing scheme in which the antenna is positioned on the side is provided.

[0187] In scheme 44 provided in Figure 11, the differential-mode fed dipole antenna is positioned on the right side waist of the reference ground as an example. For instance, this right side waist can be the middle position along the y-axis of the right side.

[0188] Antennas that radiate through a radiator via differential-mode feeding (such as dipole antennas) can also be called DM line antennas.

[0189] Figure 12 provides a simulation diagram of the electric field and radiation pattern of scheme 44 shown in Figure 11.

[0190] As shown in Figure 12, when the DM line antenna is positioned on the side, it can excite the Ey component. Correspondingly, it can have better directivity in the region to the right of the reference ground.

[0191] Clearly, the implementation provided by scheme 44 is not applicable to communication scenarios where the first direction does not point to the right-hand region. For example, consider a scenario where the first direction points to the top region. When the antenna of scheme 44 is operating, its maximum radiation direction points to the right, which is different from the first direction. Correspondingly, when the antenna of scheme 44 is operating, it cannot excite the Ex component in the top region pointed to by the first direction, nor can it provide good directivity in the top region.

[0192] Based on this, the antenna solution provided in this application embodiment can achieve good directivity in the top region when the antenna is set on the side (or long side).

[0193] It should be noted that the antenna solution provided in this application embodiment can be applied to electronic devices. Electronic devices may include at least one of the following: mobile phones, foldable electronic devices, tablet computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, handheld computers, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), netbooks, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), augmented reality (AR) devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, artificial intelligence (AI) devices, wearable devices, in-vehicle devices, smart home devices, or smart city devices. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on the specific type of electronic device.

[0194] Take mobile phones as an example.

[0195] Figure 13 provides a schematic diagram illustrating the coordinate system established based on a mobile phone. As shown in Figure 13, the plane containing the phone's display screen is parallel to the paper. This plane can be labeled the xoy plane. The top of the phone is in the +y direction, the bottom in the -y direction, and the right side in the +x direction. The display screen is positioned outwards along the paper, meaning it's in the +z direction of the phone, while the back cover is in the -z direction.

[0196] In some embodiments, the front-facing camera and / or rear-facing camera on an electronic device (such as a mobile phone) may be positioned closer to the top edge than the bottom edge. A USB port may be located on the bottom edge of the mobile phone.

[0197] In some embodiments, the top and bottom edges of the phone can be the shorter edges. The two sides of the phone can be the longer edges.

[0198] In some implementations, the top edge can also be called the third edge, and the long edges on the left and right sides can be called the first edge and the second edge. When the direction that needs to be improved to point towards the top region of the electronic device, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna can point towards that top region. In this case, based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the antenna can be set on the first edge and the second edge respectively. The direction from the midpoint of the antenna radiator to the end of the point with the largest electric field can be consistent with the direction from the center of the electronic device (e.g., point O) to the top region. For example, the y-axis components of these two directions can be in the same direction.

[0199] It should be noted that in this application, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna can be exactly the same as or close to the direction in which the directivity needs to be improved. When the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is close to the direction in which the directivity needs to be improved, the y-axis component of the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and the y-axis component of the direction in which the directivity needs to be improved (such as the first direction) are both along the +y direction, or both along the -y direction.

[0200] In other implementations, the third side can also be the bottom side. When the third side is the bottom side, the antenna's maximum radiation direction can be flexibly adjusted to point towards either the top or bottom region.

[0201] This application does not limit the third side to being either the top or bottom side. In the following examples, we take an example where the third side corresponds to the top side, the first direction points to the top region, and the antenna's maximum radiation direction also points to the top region. It is understood that when the third side corresponds to the bottom side and the first direction points to the bottom region, in the following embodiments, the antenna's configuration along the y-axis can be configured by rotating it 180 degrees along the y-axis. This causes the antenna's maximum radiation direction to point to the bottom region.

[0202] In the following description, the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are illustrated based on the coordinate system shown in Figure 13.

[0203] Referring to Figure 14, it is a logical schematic diagram of an antenna scheme provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0204] As shown in Figure 14, the solution in this application can consist of two or more antennas. For example, the two or more antennas may include a first antenna and a second antenna.

[0205] The first and second antennas can be simultaneously excited by non-common-mode signals, and the operating frequency bands of the first and second antennas can include a first frequency. Non-common-mode signals are those where the phase difference between the two excitation signals is not zero. In some embodiments, the phase difference between the excitation signals input to the first and second antennas can be greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees. For example, the phase difference between the excitation signals input to the first and second antennas can be 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, etc.

[0206] In terms of structural design, the first antenna and the second antenna can be respectively set on two opposite sides of the electronic device.

[0207] For example, the first antenna and the second antenna can be respectively positioned on the two long sides of the electronic device. In the example shown in Figure 14, the first antenna and the second antenna can be positioned on the two sides of the electronic device along the y-axis. It is understood that since the first antenna and the second antenna are positioned on the sides along the y-axis, the radiators of the first antenna and the second antenna can include portions extending along the y-axis.

[0208] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a first antenna is taken as an example. The first antenna being positioned on the long side can include various specific implementations.

[0209] In some implementations, positioning the first antenna on the long side may include: the projection of the radiator of the first antenna onto the reference ground all falling on the long side of the reference ground.

[0210] That is, the radiator of the first ray will not exceed the y-direction range of the reference ground in the y-direction.

[0211] In other implementations, positioning the first antenna on the long side may include: the projection of the radiator of the first antenna onto the reference ground, including a portion falling on the long side of the reference ground; the projection of the radiator of the first antenna onto the reference ground may also include a portion falling on the short side of the reference ground.

[0212] In this implementation, the first antenna may have a portion of its radiator extending from its long side to its short side. For example, when the radiator of the first antenna is projected along the y-axis onto the reference ground, it may include a portion falling on the long side of the reference ground, or a portion falling outside the long side of the reference ground. Similarly, when the radiator of the first antenna is projected along the x-axis onto the reference ground, it may also include a portion falling on the short side of the reference ground.

[0213] Therefore, in this application, the first antenna being disposed on the long side can correspond to: at least a portion of the radiating element of the first antenna being disposed on the long side.

[0214] The second antenna is similar. For example, setting the second antenna on the long side can correspond to setting at least a portion of the radiators of the second antenna on the long side.

[0215] In the example shown in Figure 14, for either the first antenna or the second antenna, its open end can point towards a first direction. The first direction can be the direction in which good directivity is required. That is, when the first and second antennas are operating, their maximum radiation direction can point towards the first direction. For example, the first direction can be a direction pointing towards the top region. Alternatively, the first direction can be described as the +y direction or a direction close to the +y direction.

[0216] It is understandable that when one end of the antenna is grounded and the other end is not grounded, the open end of the antenna can correspond to the ungrounded end. For example, taking the first antenna as an example, when the end of the first antenna near the top edge is suspended or equipped with a feed, the end of the first antenna near the top edge can be an open end.

[0217] From another perspective, when the first direction points to the +y direction, the open end of either the first antenna or the second antenna can be configured to be the end near the top edge.

[0218] Taking the first antenna as an example. When one end of the first antenna is suspended and the other end is grounded, the suspended end can be an open end. In electronic devices, the configuration can be: the suspended end of the first antenna is positioned close to the top edge, and the grounded end is positioned away from the top edge.

[0219] Therefore, when the first and second antennas are working, the point where their electric field is largest can be located at or near the end of the radiator of the first and second antennas along the first direction.

[0220] In this application, by combining the above three configuration features (such as being positioned on two opposite long sides, being excited by non-common-mode feeding, and having the largest electric field point located at the end pointing in the first direction), it is possible to enable the first and second antennas to excite the electric field Ex component in the top region at the first frequency in the frequency domain. This achieves better directivity in the top region.

[0221] Taking the first frequency as an example, which is a frequency within the satellite communication band, the first direction can be a direction pointing towards the upper hemisphere airspace. When the first and second antennas are operating, a relatively large Ex component can be generated in the region near the top end of the antenna radiator. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device (i.e., in the direction pointed by the first direction), parallel or nearly parallel to the top edge of the electronic device. This, in turn, results in better directivity in the top region of the electronic device.

[0222] The solution provided in this application, compared to the aforementioned existing solutions 42, 43, and 44, achieves better directional radiation in the top region when the antenna is positioned on the side. Furthermore, compared to the aforementioned solutions 42, 43, and 44, the solution provided in this application can excite more Ex components in the top region, thereby obtaining better directivity and radiation performance.

[0223] The following specific examples illustrate the solution provided in this application. Taking an example where the first direction includes the upper hemisphere airspace, the solution provided in this application can be used to optimize the directionality and radiation performance of electronic devices in the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0224] Referring to Figure 15, a schematic diagram of the logical composition of an antenna scheme provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Continuing with the example of the first direction being the +y direction, the scheme shown in Figure 15 can be used to improve the directivity of the upper hemisphere airspace (i.e., the area including the region pointed to by the first direction) of the electronic device's reference ground.

[0225] In this example, the antenna can be composed of antenna 1501 and antenna 1502. Antenna 1501 and antenna 1502 can correspond to the first antenna and the second antenna, respectively.

[0226] Similar to the previous example, in the implementation of the scheme shown in Figure 15, antennas 1501 and 1502 can be respectively configured on two opposite sides of the electronic device. For example, antennas 1501 and 1502 can be respectively configured on two long sides of the electronic device.

[0227] Two electrical connection points can be provided on the antenna 1501, such as electrical connection point P151 and electrical connection point P152.

[0228] In some embodiments of this application, the electrical connection point on the antenna radiator can be used as a feed point, and by coupling with the feed source, the input of the feed signal can be realized.

[0229] In this application, coupling can be used to describe the relationship of electrical connections. In some embodiments, coupling may include a direct electrical connection. In other embodiments, coupling may include an indirect electrical connection implemented through at least one of the following electronic components: capacitor, inductor, resistor, signal line, etc.

[0230] In some other embodiments of this application, the electrical connection point on the antenna radiator can be used as a grounding point, and current can be returned to ground by coupling with a reference ground.

[0231] In other embodiments of this application, the electrical connection points on the antenna radiator can be used to house tuning devices, such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors. By using tuning devices, it is possible to control and adjust the antenna port impedance, operating frequency, current / electric field distribution during operation, and operating state.

[0232] In the example shown in Figure 15, the electrical connection point P151 can be coupled to the feed source to enable the input of a non-common-mode feed signal to the antenna 1501.

[0233] Electrical connection point P152 can be grounded via a tuning device or directly grounded.

[0234] In this example, the electrical connection point P152 can be located in the lower half of the antenna 1501. This lower half can correspond to the radiator between the center of the antenna 1501 and its end in the -y direction. For example, the electrical connection point P152 can be located at the end of the antenna 1501 in the -y direction.

[0235] By setting the electrical connection point P152, when the antenna 1501 is operating, the lower end of the radiator corresponding to the electrical connection point P152 is closed, while the upper end of the radiator is open. Therefore, the point of maximum electric field when the antenna 1501 is operating is located near the upper end. That is, the point of maximum electric field of the antenna 1501 is distributed in the +y direction.

[0236] In a specific implementation, electrical connection point P152 can be set to direct ground. Alternatively, electrical connection point P152 can be set to ground through a tuning device. The selection of this tuning device can be determined based on the operating frequency band of antenna 1501 (such as the first frequency). For example, the tuning device can be set to a capacitor or an inductor.

[0237] In the following example, the electrical connection point P152 is grounded through a capacitor. Thus, one end of the capacitor, which acts as a tuning device, can be connected to the electrical connection point P152, while the other end can be directly grounded or indirectly grounded through other devices.

[0238] Therefore, in the example shown in Figure 15, by setting the electrical connection point P152, the electric field point of the antenna 1501 when it is working can be tuned to the +y direction.

[0239] In this example, antenna 1502 can be disposed on the electronic device corresponding to antenna 1501, on the other side opposite to the side where antenna 1501 is located.

[0240] For example, antennas 1502 and 1501 are symmetrically positioned along a vertical line relative to the reference ground of the electronic device. In other embodiments, antennas 1502 and 1501 may also be positioned asymmetrically on the left and right sides.

[0241] Based on the above description of antenna 1501, antenna 1502 may also be provided with two electrical connection points. These may include an electrical connection point P153 for inputting a feed signal, and an electrical connection point P154 for setting up a tuning device, or for grounding or leaving it floating.

[0242] Specifically, by setting electrical connection point P154, corresponding to the setting of electrical connection point P152, the maximum electric field point of antenna 1502 can be located in the +y direction.

[0243] Thus, since antennas 1501 and 1502 are respectively positioned on the two long sides and are excited by non-common-mode feeding, the points of maximum electric field both point in the +y direction (the first direction). Therefore, when antennas 1501 and 1502 are working, they can form an Ex component in the top region of the electronic device. Consequently, better directivity is obtained in the region of the first direction (i.e., the top region) of the electronic device.

[0244] As explained above, in the example shown in Figure 15, the feed to antennas 1501 and 1502 can also be non-common-mode feed. That is, the signals input to electrical connection points P151 and P153 can be signals of equal amplitude but different phases.

[0245] Figure 15 also provides a specific implementation scheme for non-common-mode power supply.

[0246] As shown in Figure 15, antennas 1501 and 1502 can be excited by the same feed source. On one hand, the output of this feed source is directly coupled to electrical connection point P151 (e.g., direct electrical connection). On the other hand, the output of this feed source is coupled to electrical connection point P153 through a phase modulator. This phase modulator can be used to modulate the signal with a phase greater than 0 degrees. Therefore, the signal input to electrical connection point P153 can have the same amplitude but different phase characteristics as the signal input to electrical connection point P151. This achieves non-common-mode feeding for antennas 1501 and 1502.

[0247] In other implementations, the non-common-mode feed may be implemented differently than the example shown in Figure 15. For example, antennas 1501 and 1502 may be excited by two feed sources capable of outputting non-common-mode feed signals, respectively.

[0248] It should be noted that in the implementation of the scheme provided in Figure 15, the limitations on the distribution area of ​​antennas 1501 and 1502 along the y-axis, as well as the limitations on the width of the reference ground, are also clearly defined.

[0249] For example, take antenna 1502. The distance between the upper end of antenna 1502 and the top edge of the reference ground can be A1. The radiating length of antenna 1502 can be A2. The distance between the lower end of antenna 1502 and the bottom edge of the reference ground can be A3. In addition, the width of the reference ground can be A4.

[0250] In different embodiments of this application, A1 can be an integer greater than or equal to 0. A2 can be determined based on the operating frequency band of antenna 1502. A3 can also be an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0251] In some embodiments, the configuration of A1, A2, and A3 enables the center of antenna 1502 to be located in the upper half of the reference ground along the y-axis.

[0252] The upper half of this reference point can be defined as follows: the reference point is divided into upper and lower parts based on a horizontal tangent line passing through the midpoint of the y-axis. The upper half corresponds to the portion on the +y side of this horizontal tangent line.

[0253] Therefore, the electric field point of antenna 1502 can be closer to the top of the electronic device, thereby achieving better radiation into the upper hemisphere airspace, including the first direction. Furthermore, in some usage scenarios of electronic devices, such as when a user holds the device, positioning the antenna on the upper part can prevent significant performance degradation caused by fingers completely or partially covering the antenna radiator. Antenna 1501 is similar to antenna 1502 and will not be described further.

[0254] In other embodiments, by configuring A1, A2, and A3, the radiators of antenna 1501 and / or antenna 1502 can also be located in the lower half of the reference ground along the y-axis. Since the electric field point of antenna 1501 and / or antenna 1502 still points in the first direction, good directivity can also be obtained in the upper hemisphere of the electronic device's airspace.

[0255] Taking A1 as 16mm, A2 as 60mm, A3 as 77mm, and A4 as 75mm as an example, a simulation is performed on the scheme shown in Figure 15.

[0256] Referring to Figure 16, a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the scheme shown in Figure 15 is provided. The first frequency is 1.65 GHz as an example.

[0257] As shown in the mismatched S-parameters in Figure 16, when antennas 1501 and 1502 are symmetrically arranged, their reflection coefficients can overlap, and their deepest resonance point can be less than 1.5 GHz. Correspondingly, the worst isolation point is also less than -20 dB. That is to say, when the two antennas work simultaneously, they will not interfere with each other.

[0258] As shown in the matching S-parameters in Figure 16, after tuning through port matching, the deepest point of S11 of antennas 1501 and 1502 can be adjusted to around 1.65GHz, thus achieving coverage of the operating frequency band.

[0259] As shown in the efficiency simulation in Figure 16, after matching, the radiation efficiency of antennas 1501 and 1502 is greater than -2dB across the entire frequency band, and the system efficiency peak is also greater than -2dB. Therefore, the feed signal can be radiated with high energy conversion efficiency.

[0260] Based on the foregoing explanations regarding efficiency, directivity, and gain, in the scheme shown in Figure 15, antennas 1501 and 1502, after matching, can effectively cover the operating frequency band (such as including the first frequency of 1.65 GHz) while maintaining good efficiency. Therefore, when antennas 1501 and 1502 are operating, the top region, which has good directivity, also has good gain, providing better communication quality.

[0261] Figure 17 provides a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation and the radiation pattern of the scheme shown in Figure 15.

[0262] As shown in the electric field simulation diagram in Figure 17, when the scheme shown in Figure 15 is working, the large electric field points of antennas 1501 and 1502 are concentrated near the top ends of the antennas. This direction is consistent with the direction of the first direction. Correspondingly, the Ex component can be generated in the region pointed to by the first direction of the electronic device.

[0263] As shown in the directional diagram in Figure 17, it can be seen that the area pointed to by the first direction of the electronic device (i.e., the area pointed to by the +y direction) can generate an energy-gathering effect, forming a high-gain area.

[0264] Based on the scheme provided in Figure 15, Figure 18 provides a schematic diagram of the principle that the scheme shown in Figure 15 can produce good directionality in the region indicated by the first direction when it is working.

[0265] As shown in Figure 18, the first and second antennas are positioned on opposite sides. When the first and second antennas are excited by a non-common-mode signal, their electric field points are maximized in the direction indicated by a first direction (e.g., pointing towards the top of the electronic device). Therefore, the electric field distribution in the region can be achieved by the electric field point of one antenna, passing through the top region, and returning to the electric field point of the other antenna. In this way, an electric field tangentially distributed relative to the top edge of the electronic device can be formed in the top region between the first and second antennas, i.e., an electric field Ex component can be formed. Thus, good directivity in the top region can be achieved through the radiation of this electric field Ex component.

[0266] Based on the scheme provided in Figure 15, the following describes the configuration of each relevant parameter of the scheme shown in Figure 15.

[0267] In different embodiments of this application, the electrical connection points at the ends of the principle top as shown in FIG15 (such as electrical connection point P152, electrical connection point P154) can be set in different forms.

[0268] For example, electrical connection points P152 and P154 can be configured to be grounded via a capacitor, or grounded via an inductor, or left floating, or directly grounded.

[0269] Take electrical connection points P152 and P154 as an example, which are grounded through a capacitor or directly.

[0270] Referring to Figure 19, a comparative schematic diagram is provided showing the electrical connection points (such as electrical connection point P152 and electrical connection point P154) of antennas 1501 and 1502 at their ends pointing in opposite directions to the first direction under different configuration conditions.

[0271] As shown in Scheme 1901 in Figure 19, electrical connection points P152 and P154 can be configured to be grounded via capacitors.

[0272] As shown in Scheme 1902 in Figure 19, electrical connection points P152 and P154 can be configured as direct grounding.

[0273] Figure 20 provides a schematic diagram comparing the simulation results of the two schemes shown in Figure 19.

[0274] As shown in Figure 20, whether it is scheme 1902 where the electrical connection point is directly grounded or scheme 1901 where the electrical connection point is grounded through a capacitor, both can achieve the effect of concentrating the high-gain region in the top region of the electronic device.

[0275] In Scheme 1901, the directionality coefficient D = 6.92. In Scheme 1902, the directionality coefficient D = 6.14.

[0276] Understandably, by using a capacitor for grounding in scheme 1901, downward radiation is better avoided compared to the directly grounded scheme 1902. This allows energy to be radiated more concentratedly towards the top region, resulting in a better directivity coefficient.

[0277] Figure 21 provides a schematic diagram comparing the S-parameter simulations of the two schemes shown in Figure 19. The S-parameters provided in Figure 21 are a comparison diagram of the S-parameters before matching. Combining the explanation of Figure 15 in Figure 16, under the condition of original resonance efficiency before matching, after matching, the resonance can be adjusted to cover the first frequency (e.g., 1.65GHz) in the operating frequency band, while also ensuring the efficiency of the first frequency.

[0278] As shown in Figure 21, before matching, as indicated by the reflection coefficient, the native resonance of Scheme 1901 can include resonances between 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz; the native resonance of Scheme 1902 can include resonances below 1 GHz. As shown in the simulation comparison diagram of system efficiency, the system efficiency of Scheme 1901 below 1.5 GHz is close to -1 dB. Although the deepest resonance point of Scheme 1902 is less than 1 GHz in the frequency domain, its system efficiency between 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz also exceeds -1.5 dB. Therefore, after matching, both Scheme 1901 and Scheme 1902 can provide good efficiency at the first frequency.

[0279] Therefore, combining the good directivity coefficients and good efficiency simulation results of the two schemes mentioned above, it can be proven that both scheme 1901 and scheme 1902 can have high gain in the top region, and thus can provide good communication quality in the first direction pointing to the top region.

[0280] Referring to Figure 22, a comparative schematic diagram is provided of the electrical connection points (such as electrical connection point P152 and electrical connection point P154) of antennas 1501 and 1502 at their ends pointing in the opposite direction to the first direction in some other different configurations.

[0281] As shown in Scheme 1901 in Figure 22, electrical connection points P152 and P154 can be configured to be grounded via capacitors.

[0282] As shown in scheme 1903 in Figure 22, electrical connection points P152 and P154 can be configured as floating.

[0283] Figure 23 provides a schematic diagram comparing the efficiency of the two schemes implemented as shown in Figure 22.

[0284] As shown in Figure 23, both Scheme 1901 and Scheme 1903 achieve efficiencies higher than -1.5 dB in most frequency bands above 1 GHz. Therefore, after port matching and resonant tuning to a first frequency (e.g., 1.65 GHz), both Scheme 1901 and Scheme 1903 can provide good efficiency at and near the first frequency.

[0285] Figure 24 provides a schematic diagram comparing the efficiency of the two schemes implemented as shown in Figure 22.

[0286] As shown in Figure 24, whether it is scheme 1901 where the electrical connection point is connected to the capacitor ground point or scheme 1903 where the electrical connection point is left floating, both can achieve the effect of concentrating the high-gain region in the top region of the electronic device.

[0287] In Scheme 1901, the directionality coefficient D = 6.92. In Scheme 1903, the directionality coefficient D = 3.85. Although the directionality coefficient of Scheme 1903 is significantly lower than that of Scheme 1901, it is still an improvement compared to the existing basic schemes (such as Scheme 42, etc.) which have a directionality coefficient of only 2.1.

[0288] Understandably, the poor directivity of Scheme 1903 stems from the fact that, due to the unsupported end near the bottom, the electric field can radiate in the opposite direction to the first direction. This results in the antenna radiating energy not only upwards from near the top end but also distributed in the regions on both sides of the electronic device. This can be seen from the simulation results of the radiation pattern of Scheme 1903 shown in Figure 24. This leads to a decrease in energy density in the top region, thus causing a decrease in the directivity.

[0289] Referring to Figure 25, which shows the electric field distribution diagram of Scheme 1903 during operation as illustrated in Figure 22, it can be seen that even with both ends of the antenna suspended, although there is a tangential electric field on both sides of the electronic device compared to the sides, there is still an electric field Ex component in the top region. Therefore, compared to existing schemes, Scheme 1903 still has a better directivity coefficient in the region pointed to in the first direction.

[0290] Based on the efficiency simulation provided in Figure 23, the proposed scheme 1903 exhibits good directivity in the top region and good efficiency at the first frequency. Therefore, when operating at the first frequency, the proposed scheme 1903 can provide good gain in the region pointed to in the first direction (such as the upper hemisphere airspace), thereby providing good communication quality in that region.

[0291] The above implementations provide a comparison of different grounding methods for the first and second antennas, namely, connecting them via capacitors, inductors, and direct grounding. In other embodiments, adjusting the capacitance at the grounding point can also adjust the direction of the high-gain region excitation when the first and second antennas are operating.

[0292] As shown in scheme 2601 of Figure 26, the first and second antennas can be implemented using an IFA antenna. A feed point can be provided on the radiator of the IFA antenna (e.g., at the center of the radiator). The end of the radiator pointing in the +y direction is suspended, corresponding to the open end. The end of the IFA antenna radiator furthest from the open end is grounded.

[0293] In this scheme 2601, an L-shaped parasitic structure can also be provided in the +y direction of the first antenna and the second antenna. The specific function is similar to that of the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be described again.

[0294] As shown in Figure 26, Scheme 2602 is also provided for reference.

[0295] The difference between scheme 2602 and scheme 2601 is that the grounding terminal of the IFA antenna can be replaced with an electrical connection point. By setting a capacitor or inductor for grounding through this electrical connection point, the directivity of the IFA antenna can be adjusted.

[0296] For example, in the example of scheme 2602, the end of the antenna radiator furthest from the open end is grounded via a capacitor.

[0297] Figure 27 provides a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern under different grounding configurations for the scheme shown in Figure 26.

[0298] As shown in Figure 27, in the implementation of scheme 2601, when the -y side end of the IFA antenna is directly grounded (i.e., end-grounded), energy can be concentrated in the top region of the electronic device. The corresponding directivity coefficient D = 5.9. At this time, the corresponding efficiency at the first frequency (e.g., 1.65 GHz) is -3.3 dB.

[0299] In the implementation of scheme 2602, when the -y side of the IFA antenna is grounded through a large capacitor (e.g., a capacitor greater than 10pF, such as 22pF), energy can be concentrated in the top region of the electronic device. The corresponding directivity coefficient D = 6.2. At this time, the corresponding efficiency at the first frequency (e.g., 1.65GHz) is -3.8dB.

[0300] In the implementation of scheme 2602, when the -y side of the IFA antenna is grounded through a small capacitor (e.g., less than 10pF, such as 1.5pF), energy can be concentrated in the bottom region of the electronic device. The corresponding directivity coefficient D = 4.9. At this time, the corresponding efficiency at the first frequency (e.g., 1.65GHz) is -2.7dB.

[0301] Understandably, when the IFA antenna is grounded through different capacitors at its end, the antenna's electrical length changes accordingly. Consequently, the antenna's directional pointing direction also changes.

[0302] Furthermore, as illustrated in the example above, placing a capacitor at the -y end of the antenna radiator can better concentrate the large electric field of the antenna near the +y end of the radiator.

[0303] Referring to the simulation example in Figure 27, in some embodiments, when a capacitor is grounded at the -y side end of the antenna radiator, this capacitor can be a large capacitor (e.g., a capacitor greater than 10pF). This allows for a better directivity coefficient compared to direct grounding. It also ensures good directivity in the first direction pointing region (e.g., the top region). Referring to the aforementioned explanation of the third side, by setting this large capacitor, when the third side is the top side, high directivity in the top region can be achieved. By setting this large capacitor, when the third side is the bottom side, high directivity in the bottom region can be achieved. It can be understood that when the end of the IFA antenna furthest from the third side is grounded via an inductor, directly grounded, or left suspended, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna can still be consistent with or substantially consistent with the direction from the center of the electronic device towards the third side.

[0304] In other embodiments, when the first direction points to the -y direction, the -y side end of the antenna radiator can be grounded with a small capacitor (e.g., less than 10 pF). This allows the first and second antennas to concentrate energy in the -y direction, achieving directivity optimization in that direction. Referring to the foregoing explanation of the third side, by setting this small capacitor, when the third side is the top side, high directivity in the bottom region can be achieved. By setting this small capacitor, when the third side is the bottom side, high directivity in the top region can be achieved.

[0305] In the above implementation, the effects of different grounding configurations for the first and second antennas were compared. It can be seen that the ends of the first and second antennas furthest from the top edge can be grounded via capacitors, inductors, or directly. In some cases, the ends of the first and second antennas furthest from the top edge can also be left suspended.

[0306] The following adjustments will be made to other parameters of the scheme shown in Figure 15.

[0307] Referring to Figure 28, another structural comparison diagram before and after adjusting the scheme shown in Figure 15 is provided.

[0308] In this example, adjustments are made based on grounding via capacitors at electrical connection points (such as electrical connection points P152 and P154) on the first and second antennas, which are different from the coupled feed. This corresponds to scheme 1901 shown in Figure 28.

[0309] Figure 28 also provides scheme 1904. In scheme 1904, the y-axis dimensions of the first and second antennas are shortened. For example, in scheme 1904, the y-axis dimension of the antenna (i.e., the length of the antenna radiator) A2 is shortened from 60 mm in scheme 1901 to 45 mm in scheme 1904.

[0310] Furthermore, in scheme 1904 provided in Figure 28, the first and second antennas can be moved as a whole towards the top along the y-direction, i.e., towards the +y direction. As a result, the dimension of the top directing structure in the y-direction is shortened compared to scheme 1901. For example, in scheme 1904, the dimension A1 of the directing structure in the y-direction can be shortened from 16 mm in scheme 1901 to 11 mm.

[0311] The following is a simulation comparison diagram of the two schemes shown in Figure 28.

[0312] Referring to Figure 29, a simulation comparison of the efficiency of the two schemes shown in Figure 28 is presented. As shown in Figure 29, both Scheme 1901 and Scheme 1904 have system efficiencies higher than -1.5dB in the frequency band above 1GHz. That is, even after reducing the antenna size and shortening the y-axis dimension of the guide structure, the antenna efficiency can still be guaranteed.

[0313] Referring to Figure 30, which is a current simulation diagram of Scheme 1904 as shown in Figure 28, a transverse current can be induced at the top floor when Scheme 1904 is working.

[0314] Referring to Figure 31, it is a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation when Scheme 1904 is working as shown in Figure 28. As shown in Figure 30, when Scheme 1904 is working, the electric field Ex component can be excited in the top region.

[0315] Thus, based on the simulation results provided in Figures 29 to 31 above, it can be concluded that the scheme 1904 provided in Figure 28 can also obtain good directionality in the top region of the electronic device.

[0316] For example, referring to Figure 32, a comparative diagram of the radiation patterns of the two schemes shown in Figure 28 is provided. As shown in Figure 32, both schemes 1901 and 1904 can achieve the effect of energy convergence in the top region of the electronic device. The directivity coefficient of scheme 1901 can be 6.92, and the directivity coefficient of scheme 1904 can be 5.44. Combining the aforementioned results of efficiency simulation, due to the higher directivity coefficient and higher efficiency, both schemes shown in Figure 28 can achieve higher gain in the top region of energy convergence in the electronic device. This provides better communication quality in the top region.

[0317] This application also provides a comparison of the impact on antenna directivity and radiation efficiency when each parameter (such as A1, A2, A3, and A4) is adjusted individually based on the scheme shown in Figure 15.

[0318] The scheme shown in Figure 15 is used as the base scheme for adjustment and comparison. In this base scheme, the first and second antennas are positioned on opposite long sides and are excited by a non-common-mode signal. The ends of the first and second antennas furthest from the top are grounded via capacitors. In this base scheme, A1 is set to 16mm, A2 to 60mm, A3 to 77mm, and A4 to 75mm. When adjusting these parameters, other parameters remain unchanged.

[0319] For example, Table 1 below provides a comparison of simulation results when the reference ground width A4 is adjusted while keeping other parameters unchanged.

[0320] Table 1

[0321] As shown in Table 1, when the reference ground width A4 is between 55mm and 95mm, both the directivity and radiation efficiency of the first and second antennas are at a good level. Within this width range, the larger A4 is, the better the reflection effect of the reflective structure and the higher the directivity. That is, within this width range, the scheme provided in Figure 15 can provide good gain in the area indicated by the first direction, thereby providing good communication quality.

[0322] Table 2 below provides a comparison of simulation results when adjusting the y-direction length A3 below the first and second antennas while keeping other parameters unchanged.

[0323] Table 2

[0324] As shown in Table 2, within a width range of 57mm to 97mm for the y-direction length A3 of the reflective structure, both the directivity coefficient and radiation efficiency of the first and second antennas are at a good level. That is, within this width range, the scheme provided in Figure 15 can provide good gain in the region indicated by the first direction, thereby providing good communication quality.

[0325] Combining Tables 1 and 2 above, changes in the x-axis dimension of the reference ground and the y-axis dimension of the reference ground below the first and second antennas have no effect on the antenna's directivity or radiation efficiency. It is understandable that, in the basic scheme shown in Figure 15, the ends of the first and second antennas furthest from the top are both grounded via capacitors. Therefore, the electric field distribution below the first and second antennas is weak. Consequently, changes in the dimensions of the reference ground below the first and second antennas do not affect the antenna's radiation.

[0326] Table 3 below provides a comparison of simulation results when adjusting the y-direction length A1 above the first and second antennas while keeping other parameters constant.

[0327] Table 3

[0328] As shown in Table 3, when the y-direction length A1 of the reference ground above the first and second antennas is between 1 mm and 21 mm, both the directivity and radiation efficiency of the first and second antennas are at a good level. Within this width range, the larger A1 is, the higher the directivity. Within this width range, the scheme provided in Figure 15 can provide good gain in the region indicated by the first direction, thereby providing good communication quality.

[0329] Therefore, in actual implementation, the y-axis dimension of the reference ground above the first and second antennas in Figure 15 can also be flexibly adjusted.

[0330] In the above embodiments, the first antenna and the second antenna can be simultaneously fed by non-common-mode signals.

[0331] Referring to Figure 33, a simulation comparison diagram of the radiation patterns when the first and second antennas work together is provided, with the phase difference of the non-common-mode signal set to different values. In some implementations, referring to Figure 15, the phase difference of the non-common-mode signal can be adjusted and set using a phase modulation device.

[0332] As shown in Figure 33, when the phase difference is 180 degrees, compared with the simulation results of the radiation pattern for other phase differences, the energy can be better concentrated in the top region of the electronic device, and the energy on both sides of the electronic device can be better suppressed. As the phase difference gradually decreases from 180 degrees, such as to 150 degrees, 90 degrees, 60 degrees, etc., the energy can still be well concentrated in the top region of the electronic device, but the energy distribution on both sides of the electronic device gradually increases.

[0333] Table 4 below provides a comparison of the directional coefficients of the schemes shown in Figure 15 under various phase difference excitation conditions.

[0334] Table 4

[0335] As shown in Table 4, when the phase difference is greater than 0 degrees, both the directivity and radiation efficiency are good. Therefore, in the scheme shown in Figure 15 provided in this application embodiment, the phase difference between the feed signals of the first antenna and the second antenna can be flexibly set. This scheme shown in Figure 15 can provide good directivity and radiation efficiency under different phase difference conditions, thereby providing good communication quality in the area indicated by the first direction.

[0336] Based on the comparison in Table 4, in some embodiments, the phase difference between the excitation signals (i.e., non-common-mode signals) of the first antenna and the second antenna can be between 30 degrees and 180 degrees.

[0337] In the descriptions of the scheme shown in Figure 15 in Tables 1 to 4 above, the basic scheme is that the first and second antennas are symmetrically arranged on the two long sides of the electronic device, as shown in Figure 15.

[0338] It is understood that, in conjunction with the foregoing description of the schemes for implementing the first antenna and the second antenna through different antenna types (as shown in Figure 32), the types of the first antenna and the second antenna may be different in different embodiments of this application.

[0339] Furthermore, in different implementations of this application, the first antenna and the second antenna can also be configured asymmetrically.

[0340] For example, the first antenna and the second antenna can be set on two opposite long sides, and the distance from the first antenna to the top side can be the same as or different from the distance from the second antenna to the top side.

[0341] The foregoing embodiments have fully explained the situation and effects of symmetrical arrangement of the first and second antennas. The following, with reference to Figure 34, explains the situation of asymmetrical arrangement of the first and second antennas.

[0342] As shown in Figure 34, based on the symmetrical arrangement of the first and second antennas (such as in Scheme 1901), the second antenna is moved downward along the y-axis to obtain an asymmetrical antenna structure.

[0343] As explained above, in this example, the basic scheme corresponding to scheme 1901 may include: a first antenna and a second antenna are respectively arranged on two opposite long sides, the first antenna and the second antenna are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the first antenna and the second antenna are excited by a non-common-mode signal. The ends of the first antenna and the second antenna along the -y axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the first direction) are grounded through a capacitor.

[0344] In this example, based on scheme 1901, keeping the position of the first antenna unchanged, moving the entire second antenna downwards along the -y axis by 10mm yields scheme 1905. Based on scheme 1901, keeping the position of the first antenna unchanged, moving the entire second antenna downwards along the -y axis by 20mm yields scheme 1906. Based on scheme 1901, keeping the position of the first antenna unchanged, moving the entire second antenna downwards along the -y axis by 30mm yields scheme 1907.

[0345] Figure 35 provides a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern for the four schemes shown in Figure 34.

[0346] As shown in Figure 35, when the second antenna is moved downwards and the first and second antennas form an asymmetrical structure, schemes 1901, 1905, 1906 and 1907 can all obtain a significant energy focusing effect in the top region of the electronic device, that is, obtain a high degree of directivity in the region indicated by the first direction.

[0347] Table 5 below provides a comparison of the simulated values ​​of the directivity coefficient and radiation efficiency of the various schemes shown in Figure 34.

[0348] Table 5

[0349] As shown in Table 5, corresponding to the results shown in Figure 35, when the second antenna is moved downward to obtain the asymmetric structure of the first and second antennas, the directivity coefficient and radiation efficiency are not affected.

[0350] In other words, in the solution provided by this application embodiment, the antenna structures of the first antenna and the second antenna can be the same or different. When the first antenna is set on two opposite sides, its position on each side can also be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

[0351] Therefore, in some embodiments of this application, the projections of the first antenna and the second antenna along the y-axis may at least partially overlap or not overlap at all, both of which can achieve good directivity in the top region. For example, the first antenna is disposed at the top of the side, and the second antenna is disposed at the bottom of the other side.

[0352] In the aforementioned Figure 15 and the description of the related schemes, the first and second antennas are implemented as an example using an IFA antenna. In other embodiments, the first antenna and / or the second antenna may also have a parasitic structure on top of the IFA antenna. For example, the parasitic structure may be located on the side of the IFA antenna near the top.

[0353] When a parasitic structure is set up, that is, when the first antenna and / or the second antenna are implemented in the form of an IFA+ parasitic antenna, good directivity in the top region can also be achieved.

[0354] For example, referring to Figure 36, another antenna design scheme is shown. In this example, a metal frame is provided around the metal middle section of an electronic device. The metal frame can be structurally designed to be electrically connected to the metal middle section, which serves as a reference ground. Correspondingly, the radiator of the antenna can be designed using the same metal frame.

[0355] The scheme shown in Figure 36 can be a distributed antenna design. This distributed antenna design can include two antenna components, such as antenna component 3601 and antenna component 3602. In this example, antenna component 3601 and antenna component 3602 are both IFA antennas. Antenna component 3601 corresponds to the first antenna mentioned above, and antenna component 3602 corresponds to the second antenna mentioned above.

[0356] A feed point 3603 can be provided on the radiator of the antenna assembly 3601. This feed point 3603 can be located in the middle of the multiplexed metal frame, or between the middle position and the ground point. Therefore, the antenna assembly 3601 can radiate in the IFA antenna operating mode.

[0357] In this example, the antenna assembly 3602 can be configured symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of the electronic device, as with the antenna assembly 3601.

[0358] Antenna assembly 3601 and antenna assembly 3602 can be respectively disposed on the top of the side (long side) of the electronic device.

[0359] In this way, antenna assembly 3601 and antenna assembly 3602 can together form an IFA distributed antenna.

[0360] In the example shown in Figure 36, antenna assembly 3601 and antenna assembly 3602 also include parasitic structures.

[0361] Taking antenna assembly 3601 as an example, the parasitic structure can be set on the upper side of the radiator (i.e., the IFA antenna radiator) where the feed point 3603 is located. The end of the parasitic structure away from the IFA antenna radiator is grounded, and the end of the parasitic structure close to the IFA antenna radiator is suspended and positioned opposite to the open end of the IFA antenna radiator.

[0362] The setup of antenna assembly 3602 is similar to that of antenna assembly 3601, and will not be described again.

[0363] Therefore, the IFA antennas in antenna assembly 3601 and antenna assembly 3602, along with their corresponding parasitic structures, can together constitute the IFA distributed antenna provided in this example.

[0364] When the IFA distributed antenna is operating, the signals fed into feed points 3603 and 3604 can be non-common-mode signals. It is understood that these non-common-mode signals can be feed signals different from common-mode signals. When antenna components 3601 and 3602 are excited by non-common-mode signals, the phase difference between the feed signals input to antenna components 3601 and 3602 is not zero. For example, this phase difference can be 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, or 180 degrees, etc.

[0365] In the following examples, the non-common-mode signal is taken as the differential-mode signal, that is, the phase difference is 180 degrees.

[0366] As shown in Figure 36, the feed signal can be divided into two paths and input to feed point 3603 and feed point 3604 respectively. One feed signal is directly input to feed point 3603, while the other feed signal is modulated by a phase modulation device, resulting in a phase modulation between 0 and 180 degrees. The phase-modulated signal can then be input to feed point 3604. This enables non-common-mode excitation of antenna components 3601 and 3602.

[0367] Figure 37 provides a schematic diagram of the electrical parameter simulation of the scheme shown in Figure 36.

[0368] Figure 37 shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna shown in Figure 36 is operating. Currents in the same direction can be distributed along the two antenna components and the top reference ground edge.

[0369] Figure 37 shows a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern. When the antenna shown in Figure 36 is operating, the high-gain region is concentrated in the top region of the electronic device, thus enabling targeted optimization of the directivity coefficient in the upper hemisphere airspace. In some cases, the scheme provided in Figure 36 can achieve a gain exceeding 75% in the upper hemisphere region, such as reaching 75.6%.

[0370] The descriptions of Figures 36 and 37 above use the example of setting an IFA distributed antenna at the top of the long side of an electronic device to illustrate the directional optimization effect of this scheme.

[0371] In this example, for any IFA antenna, the open end is set to point towards the top region of the electronic device. This ensures that when the IFA antenna is operating, the point of maximum electric field points towards the upper hemisphere, thereby exciting the distribution of the electric field Ex component in the upper hemisphere of the electronic device. This results in better directivity and radiation performance in the upper hemisphere. The presence of parasitic structures does not affect this effect.

[0372] In different embodiments of this application, the antenna structure type of the first antenna and / or the second antenna may also be different from the IFA and other types described above.

[0373] The following provides examples illustrating the specific antenna configurations for implementing the first and second antennas.

[0374] First, let's explain the possible antenna types involved.

[0375] Referring to Figure 38, four examples of distributed antenna pairs with different antenna configurations are provided. In these examples, the first and second antennas have the same antenna configuration, and are arranged symmetrically.

[0376] As shown in Figure 38, the first antenna can correspond to antenna 3801, and the second antenna can correspond to antenna 3802. Antennas 3801 and 3802 can be CM line antennas respectively.

[0377] Taking antenna 3801 as an example, one end of the feed of antenna 3801 can be coupled to the radiator of antenna 3801, and the other end of the feed of antenna 3801 can be grounded or connected to other necessary components. Thus, antenna 3801 is constructed as a CM line antenna.

[0378] Taking antenna 3802 as an example, one end of the feed of antenna 3802 can be coupled to the radiator of antenna 3802, and the other end of the feed of antenna 3802 can be grounded or connected to other necessary designs. In this way, antenna 3802 is constructed as a CM line antenna.

[0379] In this way, antennas 3801 and 3802 can form a CM line antenna pair.

[0380] When it is necessary to perform non-common-mode excitation on antennas 3801 and 3802, the signals output from the feed of antenna 3801 and the feed of antenna 3802 can be configured as signals with equal amplitude but different phases.

[0381] As shown in Figure 38, the first antenna can correspond to antenna 3811, and the second antenna can correspond to antenna 3812. Antennas 3811 and 3812 can be DM line antennas respectively.

[0382] Taking antenna 3811 as an example, the feed of antenna 3811 can be connected in series with the radiator. That is, the feed of antenna 3811 can divide the radiator into two unconnected parts. One end of the feed of antenna 3811 can be connected to the end of one part of the radiator. The other end of the feed of antenna 3811 can be connected to the end of the other part of the radiator. It can be understood that the two ends of the feed can correspond to the positive and negative poles, respectively. In this way, the positive and negative poles of the feed can be connected to the radiator of antenna 3811, thereby achieving differential-mode feeding of antenna 3811. Antenna 3811 is thus constructed as a DM line antenna.

[0383] Taking antenna 3812 as an example, the feed of antenna 3812 can be connected in series with the radiator. That is, the feed of antenna 3812 can divide the radiator into two unconnected parts. One end of the feed of antenna 3812 can be connected to the end of one part of the radiator. The other end of the feed of antenna 3812 can be connected to the end of the other part of the radiator. It can be understood that the two ends of the feed can correspond to the positive and negative poles, respectively. In this way, the positive and negative poles of the feed can be connected to the radiator of antenna 3812, thereby achieving differential-mode feeding of antenna 3812. Antenna 3812 is thus constructed as a DM line antenna.

[0384] In this way, antennas 3811 and 3812 can form a DM line antenna pair.

[0385] When it is necessary to perform non-common-mode excitation on antennas 3811 and 3812, the signals output from the feed of antenna 3811 and the feed of antenna 3812 can be configured as signals with equal amplitude but different phases.

[0386] When implementing the above-mentioned line antennas (such as CM line antennas and DM line antennas), each antenna can be configured with a corresponding radiator to radiate radiation.

[0387] In some implementations, the electrical length of the radiator can be configured to be greater than or equal to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In this way, the wire antenna can radiate through the radiator in a resonant mode, such as half the wavelength. In the following description, a wire antenna with a radiator electrical length greater than or equal to half the wavelength that radiates in a resonant mode is simply referred to as a resonant mode wire antenna. For example, such a resonant mode wire antenna can include a CM wire antenna and a DM wire antenna.

[0388] In other implementations, the electrical length of the radiator can be configured to be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In this way, the wire antenna can radiate through the radiator in a non-resonant mode. In the following description, a wire antenna with a radiator electrical length less than half the wavelength that radiates in a non-resonant mode is simply referred to as a non-resonant mode wire antenna. For example, such a non-resonant mode wire antenna can include a non-resonant mode CM wire antenna and a non-resonant mode DM wire antenna.

[0389] In contrast to a wire antenna, a slot antenna can be used. When configuring a slot antenna, radiation can be achieved by creating a gap through a conductive structure.

[0390] As shown in Figure 38, the first antenna can correspond to antenna 3821, and the second antenna can correspond to antenna 3822. Antennas 3821 and 3822 can both be CM slot antennas.

[0391] Taking antenna 3821 as an example, antenna 3821 may include a slot enclosed by a conductive structure and a reference ground. The feed of antenna 3821 can be connected in series with the conductive structure that forms the slot of antenna 3821. For example, the feed of antenna 3821 can divide the conductive structure into two unconnected parts. One end of the feed of antenna 3821 can be connected to the end of one portion of the radiator. The other end of the feed of antenna 3821 can be connected to the end of another portion of the radiator. Thus, antenna 3821 is constructed as a CM slot antenna.

[0392] Taking antenna 3822 as an example, antenna 3822 may include a slot enclosed by a conductive structure and a reference ground. The feed of antenna 3822 can be connected in series with the conductive structure that forms the slot of antenna 3822. For example, the feed of antenna 3822 can divide the conductive structure into two unconnected parts. One end of the feed of antenna 3822 can be connected to the end of one portion of the radiator. The other end of the feed of antenna 3822 can be connected to the end of the other portion of the radiator. Thus, antenna 3822 is constructed as a CM slot antenna.

[0393] In this way, antennas 3821 and 3822 can form a CM slot antenna pair.

[0394] When it is necessary to perform non-common-mode excitation on antennas 3821 and 3822, the signals output from the feed of antenna 3821 and the feed of antenna 3822 can be configured as signals with equal amplitude but different phases.

[0395] As shown in Figure 38, the first antenna can correspond to antenna 3831, and the second antenna can correspond to antenna 3832. Antennas 3831 and 3832 can be DM slot antennas respectively.

[0396] Taking antenna 3831 as an example, antenna 3831 may include a slot surrounded by a conductive structure and a reference ground. One end of the feed of antenna 3831 may be coupled to the conductive structure of antenna 3831, and the other end of the feed of antenna 3831 may be grounded or connected to other necessary designs. Antenna 3831 is thus constructed as a DM slot antenna.

[0397] Taking antenna 3832 as an example, antenna 3832 may include a slot surrounded by a conductive structure and a reference ground. One end of the feed of antenna 3832 may be coupled to the conductive structure of antenna 3832, and the other end of the feed of antenna 3832 may be grounded or connected to other necessary designs. Antenna 3832 is thus constructed as a DM slot antenna.

[0398] In this way, antennas 3831 and 3832 can form a DM slot antenna pair.

[0399] When it is necessary to perform non-common-mode excitation on antennas 3831 and 3832, the signals output from the feed of antenna 3831 and the feed of antenna 3832 can be configured as signals with equal amplitude but different phases.

[0400] Based on the above explanation of resonant and non-resonant modes, a similar classification also exists for slot antennas.

[0401] For example, if the electrical length of the slot enclosed by the conductive structure and the reference ground is greater than or equal to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, then the slot antenna can correspond to a slot antenna in resonant mode. If the electrical length of the slot enclosed by the conductive structure and the reference ground is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, then the slot antenna can correspond to a slot antenna in non-resonant mode.

[0402] Thus, a CM slot antenna can include both resonant and non-resonant CM slot antennas. A DM slot antenna can also include both resonant and non-resonant DM slot antennas.

[0403] Table 6 below provides possible options for optimizing the directivity in the first direction when the antenna structure types of the first antenna and the second antenna are the same (e.g., both are one of CM slot antenna, CM line antenna, DM slot antenna, or DM line antenna) in the embodiments of this application.

[0404] Table 6

[0405] As shown in Table 6, when both the first and second antennas are CM line antennas, regardless of whether the antenna is in non-resonant or resonant mode, it can be applied to the scheme shown in Figure 15 to achieve directivity optimization in the first direction.

[0406] When both the first and second antennas are CM slot antennas, the first and second antennas can be configured in a non-resonant mode, which can be applied to the scheme shown in Figure 15 to achieve directivity optimization in the first direction.

[0407] When both the first and second antennas are DM line antennas, the first and second antennas can be configured in a non-resonant mode, which can be applied to the scheme shown in Figure 15 to achieve directivity optimization in the first direction.

[0408] In practical implementation, when the first and second antennas are configured as DM slot antennas, the electric field distribution will be along the z-axis, i.e., the front and rear regions of the electronic device. Therefore, when the first direction points to the top region of the electronic device, the first and second antennas do not need to be configured as DM slot antennas. Conversely, when the first direction points to the front or rear region of the electronic device, the first antenna and / or the second antenna can be configured as DM slot antennas for radiation.

[0409] Taking the top area of ​​the electronic device as an example, with the first direction pointing towards it.

[0410] In the implementation of Table 6 above, we take the example where the antenna structure types of the first antenna and the second antenna are the same.

[0411] In other embodiments, the antenna structures of the first antenna and the second antenna may also be different.

[0412] For example, the first antenna or the second antenna can be selected from any of the following antenna structure types:

[0413] CM line antenna in resonant mode, CM line antenna in non-resonant mode, CM slot antenna in non-resonant mode, DM line antenna in resonant mode, and DM line antenna in non-resonant mode.

[0414] The following provides specific examples. We will use an example where the first and second antennas are symmetrically positioned along the long side, and both antennas have the same structural type. Furthermore, in the following examples, we will assume that the first and second antennas are implemented as wire antennas. When it is necessary to replace them with a slot antenna configuration, the radiator of the wire antenna can be replaced with a slot formed by a conductive structure; further details will not be elaborated upon.

[0415] For example, referring to Figure 39, several possible implementation schemes are provided.

[0416] As shown in scheme 3901 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3911 and antenna 3912. This scheme may also be called the ILA scheme, or the L-shaped antenna scheme, or the L-shaped scheme.

[0417] Take antenna 3911 as an example. Antenna 3911 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 3911 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator is arranged along the y-axis. The end of the rectangular radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., open end), and the end of the rectangular radiator away from the top edge is provided with a feed point.

[0418] Take antenna 3912 as an example. Antenna 3912 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3912 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator is arranged along the y-axis. The end of the rectangular radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., open end), and the end of the rectangular radiator away from the top edge is provided with a feed point.

[0419] Antennas 3911 and 3912 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0420] As shown in scheme 3902 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3921 and antenna 3922. This scheme may also be referred to as an ILA plus parasitic scheme.

[0421] Taking antenna 3921 as an example, this antenna 3921 corresponds to the first antenna. Antenna 3921 may include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator is arranged along the y-axis. One end of the rectangular radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., an open end), and a feed point is provided at the end of the rectangular radiator away from the top edge. Antenna 3921 may also include a parasitic structure disposed opposite to the open end. This parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the open end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0422] Take antenna 3922 as an example. Antenna 3922 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3922 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator is arranged along the y-axis. One end of the rectangular radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., the open end), and a feed point is provided at the end of the rectangular radiator away from the top edge. Antenna 3922 can also include a parasitic structure disposed opposite to the open end. The parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the open end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0423] Antennas 3921 and 3922 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0424] As shown in scheme 3903 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3931 and antenna 3932. This scheme may also be called the IFA scheme.

[0425] Taking antenna 3931 as an example, this antenna 3931 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 3931 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. One end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., an open end), and the other end is grounded. A feed point can also be provided on the L-shaped radiator. For example, the feed point can be located on the long side of the L-shaped radiator.

[0426] Take antenna 3932 as an example. Antenna 3932 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3932 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. The end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., open end), and the end of the L-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. A feed point can also be provided on the L-shaped radiator. For example, the feed point can be located on the long side of the L-shaped radiator.

[0427] Antennas 3931 and 3932 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0428] As shown in scheme 3904 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3941 and antenna 3942. This scheme may also be referred to as an IFA plus parasitic scheme.

[0429] Taking antenna 3941 as an example, antenna 3941 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 3941 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. The end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., the open end), and the end of the L-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. A feed point can also be provided on the L-shaped radiator. For example, the feed point can be provided on the long side of the L-shaped radiator. In addition, antenna 3941 can also include a parasitic structure provided opposite to the open end. The parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is arranged opposite to the open end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0430] Take antenna 3942 as an example. Antenna 3942 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3942 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. The end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended (i.e., the open end), and the end of the L-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. A feed point can also be provided on the L-shaped radiator. For example, the feed point can be provided on the long side of the L-shaped radiator. In addition, antenna 3942 can also include a parasitic structure provided opposite to the open end. The parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is arranged opposite to the open end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0431] Antennas 3941 and 3942 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through their feed points. This allows an electric field Ex component to be generated in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0432] As shown in scheme 3905 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3951 and antenna 3952. This scheme may also be called the left-handed (CRLH) scheme.

[0433] Take antenna 3951 as an example. Antenna 3951 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 3951 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided at one end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge. In some embodiments, a capacitor of less than or equal to 10pF can be connected in series between the feed source and the feed point to excite the left-handed mode of antenna 3951 for radiation.

[0434] Take antenna 3952 as an example. Antenna 3952 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3952 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided at one end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge. In some embodiments, a capacitor of less than or equal to 20pF can be connected in series between the feed source and the feed point to excite the left-handed mode of antenna 3952 for radiation.

[0435] Antennas 3951 and 3952 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0436] As shown in scheme 3906 in Figure 39, this scheme may include antenna 3961 and antenna 3962. This scheme may also be referred to as a left-handed (CRLH) plus parasitic scheme.

[0437] Take antenna 3961 as an example. Antenna 3961 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 3961 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided at one end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge. In some embodiments, a capacitor of less than or equal to 10pF can be connected in series between the feed source and the feed point to excite the left-handed mode of antenna 3961 for radiation. In addition, antenna 3961 can also include a parasitic structure disposed opposite to the open end. The parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0438] Take antenna 3962 as an example. Antenna 3962 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 3962 can include an L-shaped radiator. The long side of the L-shaped radiator is arranged along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided at one end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge. In some embodiments, a capacitor of less than or equal to 10pF can be connected in series between the feed source and the feed point to excite the left-handed mode of the antenna 3962 for radiation. In addition, antenna 3962 can also include a parasitic structure disposed opposite to the open end. The parasitic structure can be L-shaped. One end of the L-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the end of the radiator with the feed point, and the other end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded.

[0439] Antennas 3961 and 3962 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through their feed points. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby achieving better directivity in the top region.

[0440] Referring to Figure 40, several possible implementation schemes are provided.

[0441] As shown in scheme 4001 in Figure 40, this scheme may include antenna 4011 and antenna 4012. This scheme may also be called a Wire CM antenna (i.e., CM wire antenna) scheme.

[0442] Taking antenna 4011 as an example, antenna 4011 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 4011 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator can be set along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided on the rectangular radiator. For example, the feed point can be set at the middle position of the rectangular radiator.

[0443] Take antenna 4012 as an example. Antenna 4012 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 4012 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator can be set along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided on the rectangular radiator. For example, the feed point can be set at the middle position of the rectangular radiator.

[0444] Antennas 4011 and 4012 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0445] As shown in scheme 4002 in Figure 40, this scheme may include antenna 4021 and antenna 4022. This scheme can also be called a CM wire antenna (Wire CM) with parasitic addition scheme.

[0446] Taking antenna 4021 as an example, antenna 4021 can correspond to the first antenna. Antenna 4021 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator can be set along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided on the rectangular radiator. For example, the feed point can be set at the middle position of the rectangular radiator.

[0447] Furthermore, the antenna 4021 may also include a parasitic structure, similar to the parasitic structure shown in Figure 40. For example, the parasitic structure may be an L-shaped radiator. One end of the L-shaped radiator is grounded, and the other end is opposite to the end of the radiator with the feed point.

[0448] Take antenna 4022 as an example. Antenna 4022 can correspond to a second antenna. Antenna 4022 can include a rectangular radiator. The long side of the rectangular radiator can be set along the y-axis. A feed point can be provided on the rectangular radiator. For example, the feed point can be set at the middle position of the rectangular radiator. In addition, antenna 4022 can also include parasitic structures.

[0449] Antennas 4021 and 4022 can be excited by inputting non-common-mode signals through the feed point. This generates an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, thereby obtaining better directivity in the top region.

[0450] It should be noted that, in conjunction with the foregoing description, in some variations of Figure 40, the ends of the first and second antennas furthest from the top can be grounded by capacitor or inductor to further enhance the convergence of the electric field near the top end, thereby improving the directivity of the top region.

[0451] In some implementations shown in Figure 40, such as scheme 4002, in the CM line scheme with parasitic structures, an electrical connection point can be provided at the end of the antenna radiator away from the top. This electrical connection point can be grounded through a capacitor or an inductor.

[0452] As shown in scheme 4101 in Figure 41, based on scheme 4001 in Figure 40, an electrical connection point can be provided at the end of the first antenna (e.g., antenna 4111) and the second antenna (e.g., antenna 4112) away from the top. This electrical connection point can be set to ground through a capacitor or an inductor.

[0453] As shown in scheme 4102 of Figure 41, based on scheme 4101, an electrical connection point can be set at the top end of the first antenna (e.g., antenna 4121) and the second antenna (e.g., antenna 4122). This electrical connection point can be set to ground through a capacitor or an inductor. Thus, by setting the electrical connection points at both ends of the antenna radiator, the electric field point can be modulated to a position near the top of the electronic device when the antenna radiates. This achieves the formation of an electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, improving the directivity at that location.

[0454] In the above description of the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, the radiators of the first antenna and the second antenna are all arranged on the long side as an example. In other embodiments, the radiators of the first antenna and / or the second antenna may also partially extend to the top side.

[0455] For example, referring to Figure 42, several possible implementation schemes are provided. A variation design based on scheme 3904 as shown in Figure 39 is given as an example. Variation designs based on other schemes can refer to this example, and will not be elaborated further.

[0456] As shown in scheme 4201 of Figure 42, this scheme may include antenna 4211 and antenna 4212. Antenna 4211 may correspond to the first antenna, and antenna 4212 may correspond to the second antenna.

[0457] In this example, the radiator of antenna 4211 may include two parts. One part can be L-shaped, and this part of the radiator can be disposed on the long side of the electronic device. The end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended, and the end of the L-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. A feed point can also be disposed on the L-shaped radiator. The other part of the radiator of antenna 4211 can be inverted U-shaped. The opening of the inverted U-shaped radiator can point in the -y direction. One end of the inverted U-shaped radiator is connected to the top of the reference ground to achieve grounding. The other end of the inverted U-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the suspended end of the radiator with the feed point.

[0458] Similarly, the radiator of antenna 4212 may include two parts. One part can be L-shaped, and this part of the radiator can be disposed on the long side of the electronic device. The end of the L-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended, and the end of the L-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. A feed point can also be disposed on the L-shaped radiator. The other part of the radiator of antenna 4212 can be inverted U-shaped. The opening of the inverted U-shaped radiator can point in the -y direction. One end of the inverted U-shaped radiator is connected to the top of the reference ground to achieve grounding. The other end of the inverted U-shaped radiator is disposed opposite to the suspended end of the radiator where the feed point is disposed.

[0459] Thus, when the scheme 4201 is working, the first antenna and the second antenna can still generate electric field Ex components in the top region of the electronic device, thereby achieving directional optimization of the first direction pointing to the top region.

[0460] Furthermore, based on scheme 4201, the radiator with the feed point can also extend and deform towards the top.

[0461] For example, reference design 4202. This design may include antenna 4221 and antenna 4222. Antenna 4221 may correspond to a first antenna, and antenna 4222 may correspond to a second antenna.

[0462] Taking antenna 4221 as an example, the radiator of antenna 4221 can include two parts. One part can be U-shaped, and this part of the radiator can be partially disposed on the long side of the electronic device. The end of the U-shaped radiator away from the top edge is grounded. The end of the U-shaped radiator near the top edge is suspended. In some implementations, the end of the U-shaped radiator near the top edge can extend to the y-axis direction of the top edge of the reference ground. A feed point can also be provided on the U-shaped radiator. The other part of the radiator of antenna 4221 can be inverted L-shaped. The end of the inverted L-shaped radiator away from the U-shaped radiator is grounded, and the end of the inverted L-shaped radiator near the U-shaped radiator is suspended.

[0463] The structure of antenna 4222 is symmetrical to that of antenna 4221, and will not be described in detail here.

[0464] Understandably, in the implementation of the scheme shown in Figure 42, the radiators of the first and second antennas (such as radiators with feed points or parasitic radiators) are extended to the short side (such as the top side). Since most of the radiators on the short side are used for radiation enhancement through parasitic effects, the radiation effect of the antenna's large electric field point near the top side is not destroyed. Therefore, the scheme shown in Figure 42 can also obtain the distribution of the electric field Ex component in the top region, thereby obtaining better directivity in the first direction.

[0465] Based on the foregoing explanation, let's take the example where both the first and second antennas are implemented using CRLH antennas.

[0466] Referring to Figure 43, a schematic diagram of another distributed antenna scheme is shown. In this example, the distributed antenna may include antenna assembly 4301 and antenna assembly 4302.

[0467] In this example, antenna assembly 4301 (corresponding to the first antenna) and antenna assembly 4302 (corresponding to the second antenna) can be configured as left-handed (CRLH) antennas.

[0468] For example, taking antenna assembly 4301 as an example, the feed point 4303 can be located on the metal frame, in the half between the middle position and the open end. In some implementations, one or more capacitors can also be provided between the feed signal and the feed point 4303 to excite the metal frame to radiate in a left-handed mode.

[0469] Antenna assembly 4302 is configured in correspondence with antenna assembly 4301. For details, please refer to antenna assembly 3601 and its configuration in Figure 36 above. Further details will not be provided here.

[0470] In this example, similar to the IFA distributed scheme shown in Figure 36, antenna components 4301 and 4302 can both be positioned on the top side. When this CRLH distributed antenna is operating, the feed signals fed into feed points 4303 and 4304 can be non-common-mode signals. For example, taking a differential-mode signal as an example, when the phase of the feed signal fed into feed point 4303 is 0 degrees, the phase of the feed signal fed into feed point 4304 is 180 degrees. For a detailed implementation, please refer to the description in Figure 36.

[0471] When the CRLH distributed antenna shown in Figure 43 radiates, it can also effectively excite the electric field Ex component in the top region of the electronic device, concentrate the high-gain region in the top region of the electronic device, thereby achieving directional optimization of the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0472] Referring to Figure 44, simulation diagrams of radiation patterns corresponding to different frequencies are provided. It can be seen that at 1.65 GHz, 1.85 GHz, 2.05 GHz, and 2.2 GHz, the gain in the top region of the electronic device shows a convergence trend. Therefore, within a relatively wide bandwidth, this CRLH distributed antenna can provide good directivity in the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0473] This application also provides an antenna scheme that differs from the schemes shown in Figures 36 or 43. In this scheme, the two antenna components that make up the distributed antenna pair can be of different types. For example, one antenna component can be a CRLH antenna, and the other antenna component can be an IFA antenna.

[0474] Referring, to Figure 45, a distributed antenna consisting of antenna assembly 4501 and antenna assembly 4502 is used as an example. Antenna assembly 4501 may have a feed point 4503 for inputting a feed signal to it, enabling it to radiate in IFA mode. Antenna assembly 4502 may have a feed point 4504 for inputting a feed signal to it, enabling it to radiate in CRLH mode.

[0475] In this example, the signal phase difference between feed point 4503 and feed point 4504 is 60 degrees.

[0476] Referring to Figure 46, which is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the distributed antenna shown in Figure 45, it can be seen that even with different types of antenna components constituting the distributed antenna, it is still possible to concentrate the high-gain region in the top region of the electronic device, achieving directional optimization design for the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0477] The above embodiments are based on the scheme provided in Figure 15, and illustrate various modifications and possible designs of the first and second antennas in the technical solutions provided in this application. These include, but are not limited to, the type, location, and configuration requirements of the first and / or second antennas.

[0478] As described above, in some implementations, the first antenna and / or the second antenna may have a parasitic structure in the direction pointed to by the first direction. In other embodiments, the first antenna and / or the second antenna may also have a parasitic structure in the direction opposite to the first direction (as shown below), thereby further improving the directivity of the first and second antennas at the top when they are operating.

[0479] For example, referring to Figure 47, a schematic diagram of yet another antenna scheme is provided.

[0480] In this example, the arrangement of the first and second antennas is similar to that in scheme 1501. In scheme 4702, as shown in Figure 47, parasitic structures can also be provided below the first and second antennas.

[0481] For example, on both sides of the reference ground below the first antenna and the second antenna, metal frames can be provided at both ends along the y-direction. These two metal frames can be used to configure parasitic structures.

[0482] As shown in Figure 47, a parasitic structure 471 can be configured on the lower side of the first line, and a parasitic structure 472 can be configured on the lower side of the second line.

[0483] Take parasitic structure 471 as an example. The parasitic radiator of this structure can be placed on the side of the electronic device together with the radiator of the first antenna. The radiator of the first antenna can be located in the +y direction of the parasitic radiator.

[0484] The parasitic radiator is suspended at one end near the first antenna. The other end is grounded. In this example, an electrical connection point can also be provided on the parasitic radiator (e.g., at the middle position), configured to be grounded via a capacitor. This allows for tuning of the electrical length of the parasitic radiator and the current distribution during operation.

[0485] When the first antenna is in operation, the parasitic radiator of the parasitic structure 471 can acquire the alternating current distribution on the radiator based on the parasitic structure. In some embodiments, the electrical length of the parasitic structure 471 can be half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0486] The configuration of the parasitic structure 472 on the second-day line is similar to that of the parasitic structure 471, and will not be described in detail here.

[0487] Figure 48 provides a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna scheme shown in Figure 47.

[0488] As shown in Figure 48, when the antenna shown in Figure 47 is working, energy can be concentrated in the top region of the electronic device, and the directivity coefficient is further improved, such as directivity coefficient D = 8.1.

[0489] Figure 49 provides a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the antenna scheme shown in Figure 47.

[0490] As shown in Figure 49, when the antenna shown in Figure 47 is working, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be adjusted to the operating frequency band, such as covering 1.65 GHz, by matching and adjusting the various electrical connection points on the first antenna, the second antenna, parasitic structure 471, and parasitic structure 472. In terms of radiation efficiency, the radiation efficiency in the frequency band above 1 GHz is close to or exceeds -1 dB, and the peak system efficiency exceeds -2 dB. Therefore, the antenna scheme shown in Figure 47 can provide good efficiency.

[0491] Figure 50 also provides a schematic diagram of the current and electric field distributions during the operation of the antenna scheme shown in Figure 47. It can be seen that when the antenna scheme shown in Figure 47 is operating, the electric field Ex component can be excited in the top region. Therefore, better directivity can be obtained in this region.

[0492] Thus, combining the aforementioned high directional coefficient in the first direction (e.g., the direction pointing to the top region) with good efficiency, the scheme provided in Figure 47 can achieve and obtain good gain in the region pointed to by the first direction, enabling high-quality communication.

[0493] In some embodiments of this application, based on the above-described configuration of the first and second antennas, a directional structure can also be provided on the electronic device to further enhance the directionality of the area pointed to by the first direction.

[0494] The guiding structure may include one or more metal segments. The guiding structure may be located in a first direction in which the first and second antennas form an antenna pair. For example, the guiding structure may be located above the first and second antennas.

[0495] Furthermore, the guiding structure can be separated from the first antenna or the second antenna. The electrical length of the guiding structure can be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band (such as the first frequency).

[0496] The guiding structure can also be called a director.

[0497] An example of a guiding structure is given using an ideal dipole.

[0498] Referring to Figure 51, a schematic diagram of a directional structure design based on a dipole antenna is provided. By implementing the scheme shown in Figure 51, the directivity of the dipole antenna on one side of the directional structure can be optimized.

[0499] As shown in Figure 51, this scheme may include a dipole antenna and passive elements.

[0500] For details on the implementation of a dipole antenna, please refer to the aforementioned explanation.

[0501] In this example, a passive element 501 can be provided on one side of the dipole antenna (such as the right side).

[0502] The electrical length of passive element 501 is less than the electrical length of the radiator of the dipole antenna. For example, the electrical length of passive element 501 is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In some implementations, the electrical length of passive element 501 can be greater than one-quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency band. From the perspective of equivalent circuit analysis, since the electrical length of passive element 501 is less than that of the radiator of the dipole antenna, passive element 501 can be equivalent to a capacitor relative to the radiator of the dipole antenna.

[0503] The distance d between the passive element 501 and the dipole antenna can be set to be less than or equal to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In some embodiments, the distance d can be set to quarter the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In other embodiments, the distance d can be set within + / - 20% of quarter the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0504] The projection of the passive element 501 onto the dipole antenna can be covered or partially covered by the radiator of the dipole antenna. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG51, the center of the passive element 501, after being projected onto the dipole antenna, can coincide with the center of the dipole antenna.

[0505] In different implementations, the shape of the passive element 501 can be different. For example, the passive element 501 can be elongated. The line containing the passive element 501 can be parallel to or intersect with the line containing the radiator of the dipole antenna. In some embodiments, the passive element 501 is not perpendicular to the radiator of the dipole antenna.

[0506] Taking the passive element 501 as an example where the radiation line of the dipole antenna is parallel to the line of the passive element 501, the directivity of the side where the passive element 501 is located can be optimized when the dipole antenna is working. That is, in this implementation, the first direction can be the direction from the dipole antenna to the region on one side of the passive element 501.

[0507] The following section explains the effectiveness of the scheme shown in Figure 51, based on simulation results.

[0508] Referring to Figure 52, a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the scheme shown in Figure 51 is provided.

[0509] As shown in Figure 52 (S11), after setting the passive element 501, the center frequency of the reflection coefficient does not shift significantly, remaining around 1.65 GHz. As shown in the efficiency simulation, the radiation efficiency is close to 0 dB, and the system efficiency is close to 0 dB around 1.65 GHz. Therefore, setting the passive element 501 does not cause any loss to the antenna efficiency.

[0510] Figure 53 provides a schematic diagram of the electrical parameters simulation for the scheme shown in Figure 51.

[0511] As shown in the current simulation in Figure 53, a current distribution can be generated on the passive element 501 when the dipole antenna is working. It can be understood that when d is set to less than 1 / 2 wavelength, the passive element 501 can generate a current distribution in the opposite direction to that on the radiator of the dipole antenna through coupling.

[0512] As shown in the radiation pattern simulation in Figure 53, when the scheme shown in Figure 51 is working, the radiation pattern shows a significant shift towards the side where the passive element 501 is located, both from the side view and the top view. That is, in this scheme, the directivity of the dipole antenna pointing towards the region containing the passive element 501 is enhanced. Correspondingly, the directivity coefficient in the scheme shown in Figure 51 reaches 5.37. Compared to the case where the dipole operates alone without the passive element 501, the directivity coefficient is improved.

[0513] That is, by setting the passive unit 501, better directionality is obtained in the first direction.

[0514] Based on the efficiency simulation in Figure 52, the efficiency did not change significantly before and after adding the passive element 501. Therefore, with a significant improvement in directivity, the scheme shown in Figure 51 enables the antenna to have higher gain in the first direction, thereby providing better radiation performance in the first direction.

[0515] Figure 53 also provides a simulation diagram of the far-field electric field when the scheme shown in Figure 51 is working. As shown in Figure 53, in the region on the side of the dipole antenna pointing towards the passive element 501, a tangential electric field component parallel to the radiator of the dipole antenna is formed.

[0516] Taking a dipole antenna radiator positioned at the top edge of an electronic device, with the top edge along the x-axis as an example, the tangential electric field component can be considered as the Ex component.

[0517] Based on the foregoing description of the guiding structure, in the embodiments of this application, the guiding structures corresponding to the antenna pairs of the first and second antennas can be constructed in the electronic device in different forms.

[0518] In some embodiments, the guiding structure can be configured via an antenna to an upper reference ground. In other embodiments, the guiding structure can be configured via an antenna to an upper conductive structure (such as a metal frame). In still other embodiments, the guiding structure can also be an external conductive structure independent of the electronic device.

[0519] The following will explain each point separately.

[0520] Refer to Figure 54. An example is taken where the guiding structure can be configured with an antenna to the upper reference ground.

[0521] In this example, the configuration of the first and second antennas can be referenced in the example shown in Figure 15.

[0522] In this example, when the first and second antennas are positioned in the y-direction, there is a distance between them and the top edge in the y-direction. For example, this y-direction distance can be distance A1 as shown in Figure 15.

[0523] Thus, when the electrical length of the reference ground in the upper region of the first and second antennas is less than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band, the reference ground can function as a guiding structure.

[0524] Based on the aforementioned examples of the guiding structure, when the antenna shown in Figure 54 is operating, the distributed antenna formed by the first and second antennas can correspond to the dipole antenna in the aforementioned example. The metal structure above the first and second antennas (such as the reference ground in this area) can correspond to the guiding structure in the aforementioned example.

[0525] Thus, when the first and second antennas are operating, the presence of the guiding structure on the upper side allows their radiation to be adjusted towards the top region of the electronic device. This strengthens the radiation of the first and second antennas in the top region of the electronic device, resulting in better directional radiation in the upper hemisphere of the electronic device.

[0526] Refer to Figure 55. The directional structure can be configured via an antenna to an upper conductive structure (such as a metal frame) as an example.

[0527] In this example, as described above, the first and second antennas are respectively positioned on the two long sides of the electronic device. This example uses a capacitor to ground one end of the first and second antennas in the -y direction.

[0528] In the implementation of the scheme shown in Figure 55, scheme 5501 can be the basic scheme. In this scheme 5501, the +y direction of the first antenna and the second antenna can be configured by reusing the reference ground to achieve the orientation structure.

[0529] In the scheme provided by Scheme 5502, an additional guiding structure is set up in the +y direction of the first antenna and the second antenna by reusing the existing metal frame.

[0530] For example, in solution 5502, the top edge of the electronic device may include a metal frame. This metal frame may be in the form of an inverted U-shape. Both ends of the metal frame may extend to the two sides, respectively. In different implementations, the U-shaped metal frame may be continuous or discontinuous. In other embodiments, one or both ends of the metal frame may not extend to the sides.

[0531] As shown in Figure 55, in this example, electrical connection points can be provided on the metal frame serving as the guide structure. For example, two or more electrical connection points, such as P551 and P552, can be provided on the metal frame. The electrical connection points can be connected in series or parallel with capacitors or inductors to adjust the electrical length of the guide structure.

[0532] In this example, P551 and P552 are respectively set at the corners of the U-shaped metal frame.

[0533] In some implementations, by adding an inductor at the electrical connection point, the electrical length of the guide structure can be adjusted to be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0534] In the implementation of scheme 5502, grounding inductors can be set in P551 and P552 respectively to realize the configuration of the guide structure.

[0535] Therefore, by setting the guiding structure in scheme 5502, the energy radiated by the antenna can be further concentrated in the +y direction during the operation of the first and second antennas, thereby improving the directivity of the top area of ​​the electronic device.

[0536] Referring to Figure 56, there is a simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the two antenna schemes shown in Figure 55.

[0537] Figure 56 shows a comparison of reflection coefficients. In the unmatched state, the original resonances of schemes 5501 and 5502 are both between 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz. The resonance depths of the two schemes are essentially the same.

[0538] In the reflection coefficient results of scheme 5502, parasitic resonances can occur at high frequencies (e.g., around 1.8 Hz). It is understood that in scheme 5502, the guiding structure is positioned near the first and second antennas, and its electrical length is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. Therefore, when the first and second antennas radiate, electromagnetic waves will generate coupling currents on the guiding structure, thus causing parasitic resonances in the high-frequency direction of the guiding structure within the operating frequency band.

[0539] The efficiency simulation comparison is shown in Figure 56. Both Scheme 5501 and Scheme 5502 achieve efficiencies of no less than -1.5 dB near 1.5 GHz, exhibiting good radiation performance. Scheme 5502 also shows a localized improvement in efficiency at the parasitic resonance location.

[0540] In other words, compared to scheme 5501, scheme 5502, despite adding an additional guiding structure, did not affect the efficiency of the operating frequency band.

[0541] Referring to Figure 57, there are simulation diagrams of the radiation patterns of the two antenna schemes shown in Figure 55.

[0542] As shown in Figure 57, during radiation from both schemes 5501 and 5502, energy converges in the top region of the electronic device. Scheme 5502, by adding a guiding structure, further improves its directivity. For example, the directivity coefficient D of scheme 5501 is 6.5, and the directivity coefficient D of scheme 5502 is 6.97.

[0543] Refer to Figure 58. This example illustrates that the guiding structure can be an external conductive structure independent of the electronic device.

[0544] In this example, the guide structure can also be independently located in the top area of ​​the electronic device. For example, the guide structure can be configured as an accessory of the electronic device.

[0545] Referring to Figure 58, schematic diagrams of two other antenna schemes are provided.

[0546] As shown in Figure 58, scheme 5801 has a similar structural domain to the antenna structure shown in Figure 34. For example, the first antenna and the second antenna can be respectively disposed on two sides (long sides) of the electronic device. The first direction-corresponding ends of the first and second antennas are open, and the ends opposite to the first direction are grounded through capacitors. The first and second antennas are simultaneously excited by a non-common-mode signal.

[0547] As shown in scheme 5802 of Figure 58, based on scheme 5801, a passive unit serving as a guiding structure is provided in the top region outside the electronic device. For example, the distance between this passive unit and the top edge of the electronic device can be A5. The electrical length of this passive unit can be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0548] Figure 59 provides a schematic diagram comparing the radiation patterns of the antenna schemes shown in Figure 58.

[0549] As shown in Figure 59, when Scheme 5801 is operating, it can significantly concentrate energy to the top region of the electronic device, with a directivity coefficient D = 6.9 for the top region. With the addition of an additional guiding structure as shown in Figure 58, the directivity coefficient of the top region further increases to D = 8.6.

[0550] In the example of scheme 5802 in Figure 58, the guiding unit is arranged in the same plane as the reference ground of the electronic device. In other embodiments, the arrangement of the guiding unit can be more flexible.

[0551] For example, when it is necessary to improve the directionality of the upper hemisphere airspace, the guiding unit on the outside of the electronic device can be set at any position in the upper hemisphere airspace.

[0552] Therefore, comparing the effects of constructing a directing structure in an electronic device as described in the embodiments of this application, its directivity coefficient can approach or exceed the ideal state based on a dipole. This indicates that the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by constructing a directing structure, can effectively improve the directivity of the antenna in the top region.

[0553] The above example illustrates the configuration of the directing structure based on the antenna pair consisting of the first and second antennas. In other embodiments, the antenna pair consisting of the first and second antennas may also include a reflective structure, thereby further improving the directivity of the top region.

[0554] The reflective structure can be implemented using a reference ground, a metal frame, or a separate conductive structure. The reflective structure can be positioned on the side of the antenna pair formed by the first and second antennas opposite to the first direction. For example, the reflective structure can be positioned below the antenna pair formed by the first and second antennas. The electrical length of the reflective structure can be greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0555] Referring to Figure 60, a schematic diagram of a directing structure and a reflecting structure based on a dipole antenna is provided. The directing structure can also be called a director. The reflecting structure can also be called a reflector.

[0556] As shown in Figure 60, this scheme may include a dipole antenna, a passive element 501, and a passive element 502.

[0557] The specific implementation of the dipole antenna and the passive element 501 can be found in the foregoing description.

[0558] In this example, passive element 502 can be disposed on the side of the dipole antenna excluding passive element 501. For example, passive element 502 can be disposed on the left side of the dipole antenna, and passive element 501 can be disposed on the right side of the dipole antenna.

[0559] The electrical length of passive element 502 is greater than the electrical length of the radiator of the dipole antenna. For example, the electrical length of passive element 502 is greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In some implementations, the electrical length of passive element 502 can be less than three-quarters of the wavelength of the operating frequency band. From the perspective of equivalent circuit analysis, since the electrical length of passive element 502 is greater than that of the radiator of the dipole antenna, passive element 502 can be equivalent to an inductor relative to the radiator of the dipole antenna.

[0560] The distance between the passive element 502 and the dipole antenna can also be set to a distance d. In conjunction with the above description, this distance d can be set to be less than or equal to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In some embodiments, this distance d can be set to one-quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In other embodiments, the distance d can be set within + / - 20% of one-quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0561] The projection of the passive element 502 onto the dipole antenna can cover or partially cover the radiating element of the dipole antenna. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG60, the center of the passive element 502, after being projected onto the dipole antenna, can coincide with the center of the dipole antenna.

[0562] In different implementations, the shape of the passive element 502 can be different. For example, the passive element 502 can be elongated. The line containing the passive element 502 can be parallel to or intersect with the line containing the radiator of the dipole antenna. In some embodiments, the passive element 502 is not perpendicular to the radiator of the dipole antenna.

[0563] Taking the passive element 502 as an example where the radiation line of the dipole antenna is parallel to the line of ...

[0564] The following section explains the effectiveness of the scheme shown in Figure 60, based on simulation results.

[0565] Referring to Figure 61, a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the scheme shown in Figure 60 is provided.

[0566] As shown in Figure 61 (S11), after setting the passive element 502, the center frequency of the reflection coefficient does not shift significantly, remaining around 1.65 GHz. As shown in the efficiency simulation, the radiation efficiency is close to 0 dB, and the system efficiency is close to 0 dB around 1.65 GHz. Therefore, setting the passive element 502 does not cause any loss to the antenna efficiency.

[0567] Figure 62 provides a schematic diagram of the electrical parameter simulation for the scheme shown in Figure 60.

[0568] As shown in the current simulation in Figure 62, a current distribution can be generated on the passive element 502 when the dipole antenna is working. It can be understood that when d is set to less than 1 / 2 wavelength, the passive element 502 can generate a current distribution in the opposite direction to that on the radiator of the dipole antenna through coupling.

[0569] As shown in the radiation pattern simulation in Figure 62, when the scheme shown in Figure 60 is working, from the side view and top view, the energy distribution corresponding to the radiation pattern is further concentrated in the region on one side of the passive element 501. That is, in this scheme, by setting the passive element 502, the directivity of the dipole antenna pointing to the region on one side of the passive element 501 is further enhanced. Corresponding to the directivity coefficient, the directivity coefficient in the scheme shown in Figure 60 reaches 8.12. Compared with the dipole working alone without the passive element 501, or with the addition of a director as shown in Figure 63, the directivity coefficient has been improved.

[0570] That is, by setting the passive unit 501, better directionality is obtained in the first direction.

[0571] It is understandable, referring to the electric field distribution diagram in Figure 62, that with the addition of the passive element 502, an Ex component parallel to the dipole antenna radiator appears in the far-field electric field distribution. Therefore, the addition of the passive element 502 further enhances the directivity in the first direction.

[0572] In this application, by constructing a reflective structure in an electronic device, it is possible to obtain an effect similar to that of the reflective structure under the ideal conditions described above.

[0573] For example, a reflective structure may be configured using a reference ground, a metal frame, or a separate conductive structure.

[0574] Referring to Figure 63, the configuration of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the reflection structure is shown in Figure 54 as an example.

[0575] In the example of Figure 63, the lower sides of the first and second antennas may also include a reference ground. The electrical length of this reference ground can be greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0576] In this way, the reference ground can function as a reflective structure, thereby further improving the directivity of the first and second antennas in the first direction.

[0577] Figure 64 provides a comparative illustration of the y-axis dimensions of the first antenna and the second antenna under the lower reference ground, based on the diagram in Figure 63, as the antenna length is continuously shortened.

[0578] Referring to Figure 64, a schematic diagram comparing the radiation pattern under different reflection structure settings is provided. In this example, the y-axis dimension A3 of the reflection structure is adjusted.

[0579] As shown in Figure 64, when A3 is set to 77m to 7mm, the high-gain directions are all concentrated in the top region of the electronic device. This is consistent with the above explanation regarding obtaining high directivity in the first direction.

[0580] In the various embodiments shown in Figure 64, the first antenna and the second antenna are disposed on opposite sides. The first antenna and the second antenna are configured such that the point of maximum electric field on the radiator is near the end pointing in the first direction, as shown in Figure 15. A guiding structure is also provided above the first antenna and the second antenna. Therefore, in the various cases shown in Figure 64, even if the y-axis dimension of the reflecting structure is different, the high-gain region can always be concentrated in the top region of the electronic device when the antenna is working.

[0581] Comparing the examples in Figure 64, when A3 is set to 77mm, the directivity coefficient D = 6.9; when A3 is set to 52mm, the directivity coefficient D = 6.3; and when A3 is set to 7mm, the directivity coefficient D = 5. That is, the smaller the y-axis dimension of the reflecting structure, the smaller its contribution to the directivity coefficient, and the lower the corresponding directivity coefficient.

[0582] Therefore, in some embodiments of this application, when optimizing directivity through the mechanism shown in FIG. 63, the y-axis dimension of the reflective structure can be appropriately increased. For example, the first antenna and / or the second antenna can be positioned in the upper half of the electronic device. This provides a larger configuration area for the y-axis dimension of the reflective structure, thereby increasing the contribution of the reflective mechanism to improving the directivity coefficient.

[0583] Take the configuration of the reflective structure through a metal frame as an example.

[0584] Referring to Figure 65, several antenna design examples are provided.

[0585] As shown in Figure 65, a comparison diagram is continued based on Scheme 5501.

[0586] As shown in Scheme 5503 of Figure 65, similar to Scheme 5502 of Figure 55, the metal frame above the first antenna and the second antenna (i.e., in the +y direction) is reused as the guiding structure.

[0587] Unlike the example in scheme 5502, scheme 5503 provides yet another example of a scheme for constructing a directional structure.

[0588] In this scheme 5503, the electrical connection points on the U-shaped metal frame, which serves as the guiding structure, may include P651 and P652. P651 and P652 may be respectively located on the portion of the U-shaped metal frame parallel to the top edge.

[0589] P651 and P652 can be equipped with grounding capacitors or grounding inductors to achieve tuning of the lead structure.

[0590] In this example, P651 and P652 are grounded via capacitors. This allows the electrical length of the U-shaped metal frame to be tuned to below half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0591] Figure 65 also provides Scheme 5504 for comparison.

[0592] In the implementation of scheme 5504, in addition to the guiding structure provided in scheme 5503, a reflective structure constructed with a multiplexed metal frame is also provided in the -y direction of the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0593] For example, the reflective structure may include a metal frame disposed at the bottom edge.

[0594] In an implementation of scheme 5504, the reflective structure may include a U-shaped metal frame. The U-shaped metal frame may include a portion disposed at the bottom edge. In this example, the two ends of the U-shaped metal frame extend to the side edges. In other embodiments, either end of the U-shaped metal frame may not extend to the side edges.

[0595] In some embodiments, the metal frame used as a reflective structure may be continuous. In other embodiments, the metal frame used as a reflective structure may be discontinuous.

[0596] In this application, the reflective structure may have one or more electrical connection points. Any one of these connection points can be grounded by a capacitor or inductor, allowing for tuning of the electrical length of the reflective structure. This ensures that the electrical length of the metal frame serving as the reflective structure is greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0597] For example, in the implementation of scheme 5504, electrical connection points P653 and P654 can be provided on the U-shaped metal frame, which serves as the reflective structure. In different implementations, these electrical connection points can be located at any position on the U-shaped metal frame. In this example, P653 and P654 are located on the bottom edge of the U-shaped metal frame. P653 and P654 can each be configured with a grounding inductor, thereby tuning the resonant frequency of the U-shaped metal frame.

[0598] In this application, by constructing a guiding structure and a reflecting structure, energy can be further focused in the +y direction on the basis of the operation of the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby improving the directivity of the top region of the electronic device.

[0599] Referring to Figure 66, simulation diagrams of the radiation patterns of three antenna schemes, as shown in Figure 65, are provided.

[0600] As shown in Figure 66, schemes 5501, 5503, and 5504 can all generate a high-gain region in the top area of ​​the electronic device. The directivity coefficient D of scheme 5501 is 6.5. After adding the guiding structure, the directivity coefficient D of scheme 5503 is 7.25. After further adding the reflection structure, the directivity coefficient D of scheme 5504 is 7.61.

[0601] It can be seen that by reusing the existing conductive structure to construct the guiding and reflecting structures, the directivity of the first and second antennas in the upper hemisphere airspace can be significantly improved.

[0602] In the above schemes, the configuration of the guiding structure is achieved through the conductive structure on the upper side of the first antenna and the second antenna, and the configuration of the reflecting structure is achieved through the conductive structure on the lower side of the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0603] The upper side corresponds to the side where the first antenna points in the first direction, while the lower side corresponds to the side where the first antenna points in the opposite direction.

[0604] In other embodiments, this correspondence may not be fixed. In some embodiments, the reflective structure can be constructed using a first antenna and a conductive structure on the upper side of the second antenna.

[0605] For example, refer to Figure 67. Taking the conductive structure on the upper side of the first antenna and the second antenna as a metal frame, with electrical connection points P671 and P672 respectively provided on the metal frame as an example.

[0606] In some embodiments, by adjusting the matching of P671 and P672 so that the electrical length of the inverted U-shaped metal frame is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, the inverted U-shaped metal frame can function as a guiding structure. For example, large capacitors (e.g., 15pF) are respectively grounded on P671 and P672.

[0607] In other embodiments, by adjusting the matching of P671 and P672 so that the electrical length of the inverted U-shaped metal frame is greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, the inverted U-shaped metal frame can function as a reflective structure. For example, small inductors (e.g., 0.25nH) can be grounded on P671 and P672 respectively.

[0608] Figure 67 shows simulation diagrams of the radiation patterns under different conditions. P671 and P672 are grounded with a voltage of 15pF, corresponding to scheme 6701. P671 and P672 are grounded with a voltage of 0.25nH, corresponding to scheme 6702.

[0609] As shown in Figure 67, in scheme 6701, the inverted U-shaped metal frame at the top functions as a guiding structure, further enhancing radiation in the +y direction. The corresponding directivity coefficient in the +y direction is D = 7.25.

[0610] In scheme 6702, the inverted U-shaped metal frame at the top functions as a reflective structure. It reflects radiation originally pointing in the +y direction towards the -y direction. Correspondingly, the directivity coefficient D in the -y direction is 6.73.

[0611] Figure 68 provides a comparison of the S-parameter simulations for Scheme 6701 and Scheme 6702.

[0612] As shown in Figure 68, judging from the reflection coefficient, adjusting the matching of the electrical connection points of the inverted U-shaped metal frame at the top did not affect the radiation of the antenna body. Only the change in the electrical length of the parasitic structure in both schemes caused a slight shift in the parasitic resonance.

[0613] Efficiency simulations show that both Schemes 6701 and 6702 achieve efficiencies exceeding -2dB above 1GHz. Therefore, both antenna schemes exhibit good efficiency. A good directivity coefficient in one direction translates to good gain in that direction.

[0614] For example, if Scheme 6701 has a good directivity coefficient in the +y direction, then this scheme can provide good gain in the upper hemisphere airspace in the +y direction, enabling high-quality communication.

[0615] For example, if Scheme 6702 has a good directivity coefficient in the -y direction, then the scheme can provide good gain in the region indicated by the -y direction and perform high-quality communication.

[0616] Figure 69 further provides a comparison of the electric field distributions of Scheme 6701 and Scheme 6702.

[0617] As shown in Figure 69, scheme 6701 can generate an Ex electric field component in the region indicated by the +y direction. Scheme 6702 can generate an Ex electric field component in the region indicated by the -y direction. Both correspond to their respective energy convergence directions.

[0618] Thus, based on the scheme provided in Figure 67, in some embodiments, the electrical connection point of the conductive structure above the first antenna and the second antenna can be configured with multiple operating states. In one operating state, the electrical connection point is grounded through a capacitor (e.g., through 15pF). In another operating state, the electrical connection point is grounded through an inductor (e.g., through 0.25nH). Therefore, in some operating scenarios of the electronic device, when the first direction points to the +y direction, i.e., the current communication scenario requires better directivity in the top region, the electronic device can control the electrical connection point to be grounded through a capacitor. In other operating scenarios of the electronic device, when the first direction points to the -y direction, i.e., the current communication scenario requires better directivity in the bottom region, the electronic device can control the electrical connection point to switch to grounding through an inductor.

[0619] This allows for flexible switching between reflection and guidance structures.

[0620] In the above implementation, the side antenna pair scheme with the first and second antennas set on the side and the top antenna scheme with the antenna set on the top are compared respectively.

[0621] In this application, the side antenna pair consisting of the first antenna and the second antenna can also be installed in the electronic device simultaneously with the top antenna.

[0622] For example, referring to FIG70, a schematic diagram of an antenna scheme 7001 for a multi-antenna scenario is provided.

[0623] As shown in Figure 70, this scheme can include a first antenna and a second antenna disposed on opposite sides (i.e., the long side). The first antenna and the second antenna can together form a side antenna pair. The arrangement of the first antenna and the second antenna can be referred to in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here. For example, the ends of the first antenna and the second antenna near the top are suspended.

[0624] In the scheme 7001 shown in Figure 70, a third antenna may also be included at the top. This third antenna may correspond to the DM line antenna scheme located on the short side in the thousand-speed example.

[0625] For example, if the electrical length of the radiator of the third antenna is greater than or equal to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, the third antenna can be a DM line antenna in resonant mode. If the electrical length of the radiator of the third antenna is less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, the third antenna can be a DM line antenna in non-resonant mode.

[0626] The third antenna can be equipped with feed points at both ends for differential mode feeding, thereby exciting the third antenna.

[0627] It is understood that in this example, the top antenna is a DM line antenna. In other embodiments, the side antenna pairs may also coexist with other types of antennas (such as DM slot antennas, CM slot antennas, CM line antennas, etc.).

[0628] In this example, when the top antenna and the side antenna pair are set up simultaneously, they can operate independently with almost no mutual interference. This allows for good directivity in the top region of the electronic device.

[0629] Referring to the scheme illustrated in Figure 70, the top antenna can be excited by one feed port, and the side antennas can be excited by another feed port. The following simulations will simulate the feed ports of both antennas separately.

[0630] Referring to Figure 71, it is a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the scheme shown in Figure 70.

[0631] As shown in the simulation results of the reflection coefficient in Figure 71, in the scheme implemented in Figure 70, both the top antenna and the side antenna pair can resonate and radiate near 1.65 GHz. Furthermore, the worst isolation between the top antenna and the side antenna pair is close to -10 dB. Therefore, even if the top antenna and the side antenna pair are simultaneously installed on the electronic device, the two antenna schemes can operate relatively independently.

[0632] As shown in the efficiency simulation results in Figure 71, the radiation efficiency of both the top antenna and the side antenna pair is above -3dB, and the peak system efficiency of the top antenna and the side antenna pair also exceeds or approaches -3dB. Therefore, when the top antenna and the side antenna pair are set up simultaneously, they can both provide good efficiency in the operating frequency band (such as including 1.65GHz).

[0633] Figure 72 provides a schematic diagram of the radiation pattern simulation results. As shown in Figure 72, both the top antenna and the side antenna pair can produce an energy-converging effect in the top region of the electronic device. Correspondingly, the directivity coefficient D of the top antenna in the top region pointed to in the first direction is 2.67, and the directivity coefficient D of the side antenna pair in the top region pointed to in the first direction is 6.52. It can be seen that the side antenna pair implementation scheme provided in this embodiment can produce a better directivity coefficient in the region pointed to in the first direction, and due to its higher efficiency, the gain in this region is also higher.

[0634] Therefore, through the solutions provided in the above embodiments, in this application embodiment, targeted directional enhancement in the region indicated by the first direction can be achieved by setting a side antenna pair (such as including a first antenna and a second antenna). This results in better gain and communication quality in the region indicated by the first direction.

[0635] Taking the upper hemisphere airspace pointing towards the electronic device as an example.

[0636] The first antenna and the second antenna may each include at least partially disposed on two opposite sides of the electronic device. When the electronic device is held upright, the two sides are also the two long sides of the electronic device.

[0637] The first and second antennas can be excited by non-common-mode signals.

[0638] The selection of antenna types for the first and second antennas can be referred to the explanation in Table 6 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0639] Optionally, of the two ends of the first antenna and / or the second antenna, the end pointing in the first direction is left unattended; the other end is grounded through a capacitor / inductor or directly grounded.

[0640] When the first and second antennas are working, the points of maximum electric field are both distributed at or near the end indicated by the first direction.

[0641] In this way, the first and second antennas can work together to excite the Ex component in the top region of the electronic device. This results in better directivity in the region indicated by the first direction (i.e., the top region).

[0642] In some embodiments, a guiding structure may also be provided in the first direction (e.g., the upper side) of the side antenna pair consisting of the first antenna and the second antenna. The electrical length of the guiding structure may be less than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In different implementations, the guiding structure may be configured by a reference ground on the upper side of the side antenna pair, or by a metal frame on the upper side of the side antenna pair, or by an independent conductive component on the upper side of the side antenna pair.

[0643] In some embodiments, the side antenna pair consisting of the first antenna and the second antenna, with their first directions opposite (as shown below), may also be provided with a reflective structure. The electrical length of the reflective structure may be greater than half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. In different implementations, the reflective structure may be configured by the reference ground on the upper side of the side antenna pair, or by the metal frame on the upper side of the side antenna pair.

[0644] In some embodiments, the first antenna and the second antenna may further include parasitic structures. These parasitic structures may be disposed above and / or below the first antenna and the second antenna. This further optimizes and enhances directivity.

[0645] In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0646] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined by the appended claims, and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from the scope of this application. Thus, if such modifications and modifications of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is also intended to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

A terminal antenna, characterized in that, The antenna is applied to an electronic device; the electronic device includes a first side, a second side, and a third side, one end of the third side is connected to the first side, and the other end of the third side is connected to the second side, the first side and the second side are opposite to each other; the terminal antenna includes: a first antenna and a second antenna; the first antenna is at least partially disposed on the first side, and the second antenna is at least partially disposed on the second side; a first signal is fed into the first antenna, and a second signal is fed into the second antenna, the first signal and the second signal are in different phases; the electric field point of the first antenna and the electric field point of the second antenna are both located near the end of the third side. The terminal antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, The third side is the top edge of the electronic device, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the top region of the electronic device or to the bottom region of the electronic device; or, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the bottom region of the electronic device or to the top region of the electronic device. The terminal antenna according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, The electronic device has a first electric field distributed in the region indicated by the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna, and the first electric field includes a portion whose electric field direction is parallel to the third side. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-3 is characterized in that, The antenna type of the first antenna and / or the second antenna is any one of the following: a common-mode line antenna in resonant mode, a common-mode line antenna in non-resonant mode, a common-mode slot antenna in non-resonant mode, a differential-mode line antenna in resonant mode, or a differential-mode line antenna in non-resonant mode. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-4 is characterized in that, The first antenna and / or the second antenna are any of the following: left-handed antenna, inverted F antenna, L-shaped antenna. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-5 is characterized in that, The first antenna includes a first radiator, and the first radiator includes a first feed point; the first signal is fed into the first radiator through the first feed point. The terminal antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, The electric field point of the first antenna is located at the first end of the first radiator near the third side, and the first radiator also includes a second end away from the third side. The terminal antenna according to claim 7 is characterized in that, The first end is configured to be floating; the second end is configured to be grounded through a capacitor, or directly grounded, or grounded through an inductor, or floating. The terminal antenna according to claim 7 or 8 is characterized in that, The third side is the top edge of the electronic device; the second end is configured to be grounded through an inductor, or floating, or directly grounded, or grounded through a first capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the top region of the electronic device; or, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device; the second end is configured to be grounded through an inductor, or floating, or directly grounded, or grounded through the first capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the bottom region of the electronic device; wherein, the first capacitor is greater than 10pF. The terminal antenna according to claim 7 or 8 is characterized in that, The third side is the top edge of the electronic device; the second end is grounded through the second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the bottom region of the electronic device; or, the third side is the bottom edge of the electronic device. The second terminal is grounded through a second capacitor, and the maximum radiation direction of the terminal antenna points to the top region of the electronic device; wherein the second capacitor is less than 10pF. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 6-10 is characterized in that, The first radiator is rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped; at least a portion of the first projection falls on the first side, and the first projection is the projection of the first radiator onto the straight line containing the first side. The terminal antenna according to claim 11 is characterized in that, At least a portion of the second projection falls on the third side, and the second projection is the projection of the first radiator onto the line containing the third side. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 6-12 is characterized in that, The first antenna includes a second radiator, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is disposed opposite to the end of the first radiator that is closer to the third side. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 6-13 is characterized in that, The first antenna includes a third radiator, which is disposed on the side of the first radiator away from the third side; the third radiator is provided with one or more electrical connection points, which are configured to be grounded through a capacitor. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-14 is characterized in that, The position of the first antenna on the first side is symmetrical to the position of the second antenna on the second side about the perpendicular bisector of the electronic device. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-15 is characterized in that, The first antenna and the second antenna are of the same type. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-16 is characterized in that, The terminal antenna further includes a guiding structure; the guiding structure is not connected to the first antenna or the second antenna; the guiding structure is made of conductive material; the electrical length of the guiding structure is less than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna; The guiding structure is disposed outside the first antenna and / or the second antenna, in a region pointing towards the direction of maximum radiation. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-17 is characterized in that, The terminal antenna further includes a reflective structure, which is not connected to the first antenna or the second antenna; the reflective structure is made of a conductive material; the electrical length of the reflective structure is greater than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna; The reflective structure is disposed outside the first antenna and / or the second antenna, in the region opposite to the direction of maximum radiation. The terminal antenna according to claim 17 or 18 is characterized in that, The guiding structure is provided with at least one electrical connection point, which is configured to be grounded through a capacitor or an inductor; the capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the guiding structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the guiding structure to be less than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band; Alternatively, a capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the guiding structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the guiding structure to be greater than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band, so that the guiding structure can be adjusted into a reflective structure. The terminal antenna according to claim 17 or 18 is characterized in that, The reflective structure is provided with at least one electrical connection point, which is configured to be grounded through a capacitor or an inductor; the capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the reflective structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the reflective structure to be greater than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band; Alternatively, a capacitor or inductor connected to the electrical connection point of the reflective structure is used to adjust the electrical length of the reflective structure to be less than 1 / 2 wavelength of the operating frequency band, so that the reflective structure can be adjusted into a guiding structure. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 17-20 is characterized in that, The guiding and / or reflecting structures are implemented through a reference ground and / or a metal frame and / or an external conductive structure. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-21 is characterized in that, The terminal antenna further includes a third antenna; the third antenna is disposed on the third side; the third antenna is configured to radiate by differential mode feeding excitation. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-22 is characterized in that, The electronic device where the terminal antenna is located includes a top edge, a bottom edge, and two sides; the top edge is closer to the camera of the electronic device than the bottom edge; the bottom edge is the side of the electronic device where the USB interface is located. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1-23 is characterized in that, The lengths of the top and bottom edges are less than the lengths of the two side edges. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a terminal antenna as described in any one of claims 1-24.

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