Coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods, components, devices, and systems for coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles. Some aspects relate to long-term signaling for reducing the amount of signaling compared to distributed spatial reuse while achieving gains associated with coordinated spatial reuse. A first wireless device associated with a first basic service set (BSS) may transmit a beacon indicating a set of service cycles and an interference threshold specified for spatial reuse. A second wireless device associated with the second BSS may receive the beacon and may communicate with one or more other wireless devices associated with the second BSS during a set of service cycles specified for spatial reuse according to the indicated interference threshold. Accordingly, a wireless device in the second BSS may communicate at a power level that causes an acceptable interference level at the first BSS.

Description

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 589,600, filed October 11, 2023, entitled “SERVICE PERIOD BASED COORDINATED SPATIAL REUSE”, filed by Cherian et al., 35 USC § 119; and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 904,622, filed October 2, 2024, entitled “SERVICE PERIOD BASED COORDINATED SPATIAL REUSE”, filed by Cherian et al., each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application, and each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles. Background Technology

[0004] A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more wireless access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by multiple client devices (also known as wireless stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard family is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) advertised by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the AP's wireless range to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The systems, methods, and apparatus disclosed herein each have some innovative aspects, but no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired properties disclosed herein.

[0006] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a first wireless device associated with a first BSS for wireless communication. The first wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the first wireless device to: transmit a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more transmission opportunities (TXOPs) designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs; transmit a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices; and communicate with the one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0007] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a first wireless device associated with a first basic service set (BSS). The method may include: sending a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs; sending a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices; and communicating with the one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0008] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a first wireless device associated with a first BSS for wireless communication. The first wireless device may include: means for transmitting a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs; means for transmitting a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices; and means for communicating with the one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0009] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: send a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs; send a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices; and communicate with the one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0010] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, sending a second control message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a multi-user request delivery message, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to one or more third wireless devices.

[0011] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, sending a second control message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending uplink permission to one or more third wireless devices, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from one or more third wireless devices.

[0012] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a second wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication. The second wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the second wireless device to: receive a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse; receive a second control message from the first wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs; and communicate with one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

[0013] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a second wireless device associated with a second BSS. The method may include: receiving a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse; receiving a second control message from the first wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs; and communicating with one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

[0014] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a second wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication. The second wireless device may include: means for receiving a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse; means for receiving a second control message from the first wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs; and means for communicating with one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

[0015] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for space reuse; receive a second control message from the first wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs; and communicate with one or more third wireless devices during the first service period or during the first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

[0016] The methods described herein, examples of second wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving one or more corresponding transmit-allow (CTS) messages from one or more fourth wireless devices associated with a first BSS, wherein the second control message may be a multi-user request for transmission message, and wherein one or more corresponding CTS messages may be in response to the multi-user request for transmission message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message may be identified from one or more corresponding path losses associated with one or more corresponding CTS messages, and wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to one or more third wireless devices.

[0017] The methods described herein, examples of second wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for measuring one or more corresponding Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSIs) of one or more corresponding CTS messages, wherein one or more corresponding path losses may be associated with one or more corresponding RSSIs and a reference transmit power indicated in a first control message.

[0018] The methods described herein, examples of second wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving uplink grants from a first wireless device for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with a first BSS, wherein a second control message may be an uplink grant; and forwarding uplink grants to one or more third wireless devices.

[0019] The methods described herein, examples of second wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: measuring the transmission power of a second control message, wherein path loss associated with the second control message may be associated with the transmission power; and transmitting a maximum transmission power for a first service period to one or more third wireless devices based on the transmission power and an interference threshold, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from one or more third wireless devices, and wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communications may be less than or equal to the maximum transmission power.

[0020] The methods described herein, examples of second wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: responding to a first control message and sending a third control message to one or more third wireless devices before a first service period, the third control message indicating one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0021] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a third wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication. The third wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the third wireless device to: receive a first control message from a second wireless device associated with the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with the first wireless device associated with the first BSS, and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse; and communicate with the second wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0022] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a third wireless device. The method may include: receiving a first control message from a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or the one or more TXOPs; and communicating with the second wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0023] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a third wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication. The third wireless device may include: components for receiving a first control message from a second wireless device associated with the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with the first wireless device associated with the first BSS, and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or the one or more TXOPs; and components for communicating with the second wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0024] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first control message from a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with a first wireless device associated with the first BSS and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or the one or more TXOPs; and communicate with the second wireless device during the first service period of the one or more service periods or during the first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0025] The methods described herein, examples of third wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving forwarding uplink permission from a first wireless device for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with a first BSS during a first service period, wherein transmit power may be associated with forwarding uplink permission, and wherein communicating with a second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device.

[0026] The methods described herein, some examples of third wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for measuring the RSSI granted for forwarding uplink, wherein the transmit power can be determined based on the RSSI.

[0027] The methods described herein, some examples of third wireless devices and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components or instructions for receiving a second control message from a second wireless device during a first service period, the second control message indicating a maximum transmit power for the first service period, wherein communicating with the second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device, and wherein the transmit power may be less than or equal to the maximum transmit power.

[0028] In some examples of the methods described herein, the third wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, communicating with the second wireless device may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving downlink data communications.

[0029] Details of one or more specific embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions in the following drawings may not be drawn to scale. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown.

[0031] Figure 2 An example Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless access point (AP) and one or more wireless stations (STA).

[0032] Figure 3 An example physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown.

[0033] Figure 4 A hierarchical format of an example PPDU that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown.

[0034] Figure 5 An example of a signaling graph supporting coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles is shown.

[0035] Figure 6 An example of a signaling graph supporting coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles is shown.

[0036] Figure 7 An example of a signaling graph supporting service life-based coordinated spatial reuse for downlink / downlink scenarios is shown.

[0037] Figure 8 An example of a signaling graph supporting service life-based coordinated spatial reuse for uplink / uplink scenarios is shown.

[0038] Figure 9 An example of a signaling graph supporting service life-based coordinated spatial reuse for uplink / downlink scenarios is shown.

[0039] Figure 10 An example of a process flow that supports coordinated space reuse based on service cycles is shown.

[0040] Figure 11 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device supporting service cycle-based coordinated space reuse is shown.

[0041] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be performed by or at a first wireless device associated with a first basic service set (BSS) that supports coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles is shown.

[0042] Figure 13A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be performed by or at a second wireless device associated with a second BSS that supports service cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse is shown.

[0043] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be performed by or at a third wireless device associated with a second BSS that supports service cycle-based coordinated space reuse is shown.

[0044] Similar reference numerals and names in the various figures indicate similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following description refers to certain specific examples in order to illustrate the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some or all of the examples described can be applied in Bluetooth systems that meet the requirements of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.15, or Bluetooth as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). ® This can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits and receives radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the following standards, or those published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)). The described examples can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Rate Split Multiple Access (RSMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), Single-User (SU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Multi-User (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO). The described examples can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following networks: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), or Internet of Things (IoT).

[0046] The various aspects collectively involve coordinated spatial reuse among basic service sets (BSS). Some aspects more specifically involve one or more configuration- or signaling-based mechanisms, according to which a first radio device associated with a first BSS can advertise a set of one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with that set of service periods. A second radio device associated with a second BSS can receive the advertisement and, according to the indicated interference threshold, communicate with one or more other radio devices (such as one or more third radio devices) associated with the second BSS during the indicated set of service periods. Thus, the radio devices associated with the first BSS and the second BSS can communicate using the same resources during the set of one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse, but the radio device associated with the second BSS can limit its transmit power to a level that produces an acceptable amount of interference to the radio device associated with the first BSS.

[0047] In some examples, a first wireless device associated with a first BSS may communicate with multiple client wireless devices associated with the first BSS. The first wireless device may divide the client wireless devices into a set of one or more client devices associated with relatively high signal strength (such as a set of one or more fourth wireless devices having a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) above a defined threshold) and another set of one or more wireless devices associated with relatively low signal strength (such as a set of one or more fifth wireless devices having an SINR below a defined threshold). The first wireless device may communicate with one or more client devices associated with relatively high signal strength during a service period designated for space reuse, and with one or more client devices associated with relatively low signal strength during one or more other service periods orthogonal to the service period designated for space reuse. For example, the first wireless device may consider or classify one or more client devices associated with relatively high signal strength as "internal area" client devices or "internal client devices," and consider or classify one or more wireless devices associated with relatively low signal strength as "external area" client devices or "external client devices."

[0048] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by signaling an interference threshold for a set of multiple service periods, a first radio device associated with a first BSS can achieve coordinated spatial reuse between radio devices in the first and second BSSs without the high signaling overhead associated with coordinating transmit power for each service period or transmit opportunity (TXOP). Signaling the interference threshold allows the radio device associated with the second BSS to identify the permissible transmit power for each service period designated for spatial reuse, which will keep the interference at the radio device associated with the first BSS within an acceptable level indicated by the interference threshold. For example, the interference level is acceptable when a transmit by a radio device in the second BSS during a service period designated for spatial reuse results in interference at a receiving device in the first BSS that is less than or equal to the signaled interference threshold. The interference level is not acceptable when a transmit by a radio device in the second BSS during a service period designated for spatial reuse results in interference at a receiving device in the first BSS that is greater than the signaled interference threshold. Additionally, by grouping the client wireless devices of the first BSS into separate sets of high-signal-strength devices (such as internal area client devices) and low-signal-strength devices (such as external area client devices), and communicating with the high-signal-strength devices during the service period designated for spatial reuse, the first wireless devices can significantly reduce the impact of interference from outside the first BSS during the service period designated for spatial reuse, thereby resulting in better power efficiency, higher data rates, increased spectral efficiency, and greater system capacity.

[0049] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as a Wi-Fi network). For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be a network implementing at least one of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard families (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2020 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, 802.11bd, 802.11be, 802.11bf, and 802.11bn). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a cellular radio access network (RAN), such as a 5G RAN or 6G RAN implementing one or more cellular protocols (such as those specified in one or more 3GPP standards). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include a WLAN that operates in an interoperable or converged manner with one or more cellular RANs to provide greater or enhanced network coverage to wireless communication devices within the wireless communication network 100, or to enable these devices to connect to the core of the cellular network, such as to access network management capabilities and functionality provided by the cellular network core.

[0050] The wireless communication network 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices, such as at least one wireless access point (AP) 102 and any number of wireless stations (STA) 104. Although Figure 1 Only one AP 102 is shown, but the wireless communication network 100 may include multiple APs 102. AP 102 may be or represent various different types of network entities, including but not limited to home networking APs, enterprise APs, single-band APs, dual-band synchronous (DBS) APs, tri-band synchronous (TBS) APs, standalone APs, non-standalone APs, software-enabled APs (software APs), and multi-link APs (also known as AP multi-link devices (MLDs)), as well as cellular (such as 3GPP, 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G) base stations or other cellular network nodes (such as Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, Transmit Receive Point (TRP)) or another type of equipment or apparatus included in the radio access network (RAN), including open RAN (O-RAN) network entities such as central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), or radio units (RUs).

[0051] Each STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless phone, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 can represent a variety of devices such as mobile phones, other handheld or wearable communication devices, netbooks, laptops, tablets, laptops, Chromebooks, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), or extended reality (XR) wireless headsets or other peripherals, wireless earbuds, other wearable devices, display devices (e.g., TVs, computer monitors, or video game consoles), video game controllers, navigation systems, music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices, printers, kitchen appliances (including smart refrigerators) or other home appliances, remote keys (e.g., for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and vehicles, etc.

[0052] A single AP 102 and its associated set of STA 104s may be referred to as a BSS, which is managed by the corresponding AP 102. Figure 1 Additionally, an example coverage area 108 of AP 102 is shown, which may represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of wireless communication network 100. The BSA can be identified by STA 104 and other devices via a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which may be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 102. AP 102 may periodically broadcast beacon frames (“beacons”) including the BSSID to enable any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 to “associate” or reassociate with AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 106 (also referred to hereinafter as a “Wi-Fi link”) with AP 102. For example, the beacon may include an identifier of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102 or an indication of that primary channel, and a Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with AP 102. AP 102 can provide access to external networks to each STA 104 in the wireless communication network 100 via the corresponding communication link 106.

[0053] To establish a communication link 106 with AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scanning”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals (referred to as the Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT)). To perform an active scan, STA 104 generates probe requests and transmits these requests sequentially on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 102. Each STA 104 can identify, determine, detect, or select an AP 102 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and performs authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 106 with the selected AP 102. The selected AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to STA 104 at the end of the association operation, and AP 102 uses the association identifier (AID) to track STA 104.

[0054] As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent, STA 104 may have the opportunity to choose from one of many BSSs within its range or from multiple APs 102 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) (comprising multiple connected BSSs). For example, wireless communication network 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system capable of connecting multiple APs 102 in such an ESS. Therefore, STA 104 may be covered by more than one AP 102 and may be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. Additionally, after associating with an AP 102, STA 104 may periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with. For example, STA 104 moving relative to its associated AP 102 may perform a “roaming” scan to find another AP 102 with more desirable network characteristics, such as a larger Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or reduced traffic load.

[0055] In some examples, STA 104 can form a network without AP 102 or any other equipment besides STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hoc networks may also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some examples, ad hoc networks can be implemented within a larger network, such as wireless communication network 100. In such examples, while STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other via communication link 106 through AP 102, STA 104 can also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless communication link 110. Additionally, two STA 104 can communicate via direct communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STA 104 are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such ad hoc systems, one or more STAs among STA 104 can assume the role played by AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104 can be referred to as the group owner (GO) and can coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless communication links 110 include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using Wi-Fi Tunneling Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

[0056] In some networks, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, can support applications associated with high throughput or low latency requirements, or provide lossless audio to one or more other devices. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 can support applications and use cases associated with ultra-low latency (ULL), such as ULL gaming, or streaming lossless audio and video to one or more personal audio devices (such as peripherals) or AR / VR / MR / XR headsets. In scenarios where a user uses two or more peripherals, AP 102 or STA 104 can support extended personal audio networks that enable communication with these two or more peripherals. Additionally, AP 102 and STA 104 can support additional ULL applications with ULL and high throughput requirements, such as cloud-based applications (such as VR cloud gaming).

[0057] As indicated above, in some implementations, AP 102 and STA 104 may operate and communicate according to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family of standards (via the corresponding communication link 106). These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical (PHY) layer and MAC layer. AP 102 and STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications to and from each other in the form of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) (also referred to below as "Wi-Fi communication" or "wireless packets").

[0058] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In instances where the PPDU is transmitted on a bound channel or a wideband channel, the preamble field may be copied and transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). The legacy preamble can be used for other purposes such as packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation. The legacy preamble is also typically used to maintain compatibility with legacy equipment. The format, decoding, and information provided in the non-legacy portion of the preamble are associated with the specific IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

[0059] AP 102 and STA 104 in wireless communication network 100 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of the spectrum including bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies, such as the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz bands. Some examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described herein can also communicate in other bands that can support both licensed and unlicensed communication. For example, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, may also be able to communicate on licensed operating bands, where multiple operators may have corresponding licenses to operate in the same or overlapping frequency ranges. Such licensed operating frequency bands may be specified or associated with frequency ranges mapped to or associated with FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz), FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz), FR3 (7.125GHz to 24.25GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz to 71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz to 114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz to 300GHz).

[0060] Each of these frequency bands may include multiple sub-bands and frequency channels (also referred to as sub-channels). For example, PPDUs conforming to revisions of the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, and 802.11bn standards may be transmitted on one or more of the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz frequency bands, each of which is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Therefore, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, PPDUs may be transmitted on physical channels with bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, 240 MHz, 320 MHz, 480 MHz, or 640 MHz by bonding multiple 20 MHz channels together.

[0061] Punching is a wireless communication technique that enables wireless communication devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) to transmit and receive wireless communications on a portion of a wireless channel that excludes one or more specific sub-channels (hereinafter also referred to as "punched sub-channels"). Specifically, punching can be used to exclude one or more sub-channels from the transmission of a PPDU (including signaling of the preamble) to avoid interference from static sources (such as existing systems) or to avoid interference of a more dynamic nature (such as interference associated with transmissions by other wireless communication devices in an Overlapping BSS (OBSS)). The transmitting device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) can punch the sub-channels on which interference exists and substantially extend the data of the PPDU to cover the remaining portion of the channel's bandwidth. For example, if the transmitting device determines (e.g., detect, identify, determine, or calculate) one or more 20MHz sub-channels of a wide-bandwidth wireless channel in association with contention operations, it implements punching to avoid communication on these unavailable sub-channels while still utilizing the remaining portion of that bandwidth. Therefore, puncturing allows transmitting devices to increase or maximize throughput by utilizing as much available spectrum as possible, and in some cases, reduce latency. Static puncturing, in particular, enables the continuous use of wideband channels in environments or deployments where there may not be enough available contiguous spectrum, such as in the 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands.

[0062] In some examples, the AP 102 or STA 104 of the wireless communication network 100 may implement extremely high throughput (EHT) or other features that conform to the current and future generations of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family (such as the IEEE 802.11be and 802.11bn standard revisions) to provide additional capabilities that are superior to other previous systems (e.g., high efficiency (HE) systems or other legacy systems).

[0063] In some examples, AP 102 or STA 104 may benefit from operability enhancements associated with EHT and the next-generation IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family of standards. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 attempting to gain access to the wireless medium of wireless communication network 100 may perform techniques such as free channel assessment (CCA) operations based on EHT enhancements (such as increased bandwidth, puncturing, or refinement of carrier sense and signal reporting mechanisms), which may include modifications to existing rules, structures, or signaling implemented for legacy systems.

[0064] Transmitting device AP 102 and receiving device STA 104 can support the use of various modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) to transmit and receive data in wireless communication network 100 to optimally utilize wireless channel conditions (e.g., to increase throughput, reduce latency, or implement various Quality of Service (QoS) parameters). For example, existing technologies (such as the IEEE 802.11ax standard revision protocol) support the use of up to 1024-QAM, where the modulated symbols carry 10 bits. To further improve peak data rates, either AP 102 or STA 104 can employ 4096-QAM (also known as "4k QAM"), which allows modulated symbols to carry 12 bits. 4k QAM can achieve massive peak throughput at the maximum theoretical PHY rate of 10 bps / Hz / subcarrier / space stream, which is converted to 23 Gbps (10 bps / Hz / subcarrier / space stream) using 5 / 6 LDPC codes. 996 4 subcarriers (8 spatial streams / 13.6 μs per OFDM symbol). Given the same decoding rate, AP102 or STA 104 using 4096-QAM can increase the data rate by 20% compared to 1024-QAM, thus allowing users to achieve higher transmission efficiency.

[0065] Figure 2 An example protocol data unit (PDU) 200 capable of wireless communication between a wireless access point (AP) and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described. PDU 200 can be configured as a PPDU. As shown, PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, the preamble 202 may include a legacy portion, which itself includes a legacy short training field (L-STF) 206 consisting of two symbols, a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 208 consisting of two symbols, and a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 210 consisting of two symbols. The legacy portion of the preamble 202 may be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. The preamble 202 may also include a non-legacy portion, which includes one or more non-legacy fields 212, for example, conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family.

[0066] L-STF 206 generally enables receiving devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) to perform coarse timing and frequency tracking, as well as automatic gain control (AGC). L-LTF 208 generally enables receiving devices to perform fine timing and frequency tracking, and also to perform initial estimation of the radio channel. L-SIG 210 generally enables receiving devices to determine (e.g., acquire, select, identify, detect, determine, calculate, or compute) the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid transmission over the PDU. The legacy portion of the preamble can be modulated according to a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme, including L-STF 206, L-LTF 208, and L-SIG 210. The payload 204 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, a quadrature BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another suitable modulation scheme. Payload 204 may include a PSDU containing a data field (DATA) 214, which in turn may carry higher-level data in the form of, for example, MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) or Aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU).

[0067] Figure 3 An example physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) 350 capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described below. As shown, PPDU 350 includes a PHY preamble (which includes a legacy portion 352 and a non-legacy portion 354) and a payload 356 (which includes a data field 374). The legacy portion 352 of the preamble includes L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362. The non-legacy portion 354 of the preamble includes a repetition of L-SIG (RL-SIG) 364 and multiple wireless communication protocol version-related signal fields following RL-SIG 364. For example, the non-legacy portion 354 may include a general signal field 366 (referred to herein as "U-SIG 366") and an EHT signal field 368 (referred to herein as "EHT-SIG 368"). The presence of RL-SIG 364 and U-SIG 366 ensures compatibility with EHT or later versions. STA 104 indicates that PPDU 350 is an EHT PPDU or a PPDU conforming to a new wireless communication protocol (conforming to future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards). One or both of U-SIG 366 and EHT-SIG 368 can be constructed as other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT that are associated with a revision of the IEEE standards family and carry version-related information. For example, U-SIG 366 can be used by receiving devices such as AP102 and STA 104 to interpret bits in one or more of EHT-SIG 368 or data field 374. Similar to L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362, in instances involving the use of bound channels, the information in U-SIG 366 and EHT-SIG 368 can be repeated and transmitted in each of the component 20MHz channels.

[0068] The non-legacy portion 354 also includes an additional short training field 370 (referred to herein as "EHT-STF 370," though it can also be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carry version-related information) and one or more additional long training fields 372 (referred to herein as "EHT-LTF 372," though they can also be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carry version-related information). EHT-STF 370 can be used for timing and frequency tracking as well as AGC, while EHT-LTF 372 can be used for more refined channel estimation.

[0069] EHT-SIG 368 can be used by AP 102 to identify one or more STAs 104 and notify those STAs that AP 102 has scheduled uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for them. EHT-SIG 368 can be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by AP 102. EHT-SIG 368 can generally be used by the receiving device to interpret the bits in data field 374. For example, EHT-SIG 368 may include resource element (RU) allocation information, spatial flow configuration information, and per-user (e.g., STA-specific) signaling information. Each EHT-SIG 368 may include a common field and at least one user-specific field. In the context of OFDMA, the common field may indicate the RU distribution across multiple STAs 104, indicate RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to OFDMA transmission, and the number of users in the allocation, etc. The user-specific field is assigned to a specific STA 104 and carries STA-specific scheduling information, such as user-specific MCS values ​​and user-specific RU allocation information. This information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 374.

[0070] Figure 4 A hierarchical format of an example PPDU capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be references. Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described. As described, each PPDU 400 includes a PHY preamble 402 and a PSDU 404. Each PSDU 404 may represent (or “carry”) one or more MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) 416. For example, each PSDU 404 may carry an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) 406, which includes an aggregation of multiple A-MPDU subframes 408. Each A-MPDU subframe 406 may include an MPDU frame 410 that includes a MAC delimiter 412 and a MAC header 414 preceding the accompanying MPDU 416, which includes the data portion (“payload” or “frame body”) of the MPDU frame 410. Each MPDU frame 410 may also include a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field 418 for error detection (e.g., the FCS field may include Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)) and padding bits 420. MPDU 416 may carry one or more MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs) 416. For example, MPDU 416 may carry an aggregated MSDU (A-MSDU) 422, which comprises multiple A-MSDU subframes 424. Each A-MSDU subframe 424 (e.g., MSDU frame 426) contains a corresponding MSDU 430, which is preceded by a subframe header 428 and, in some cases, followed by padding bits 432.

[0071] Returning to reference MPDU frame 410, MAC delimiter 412 can be used as a marker to indicate the start of the associated MPDU 416 and the length of the associated MPDU 416. MAC header 414 may include multiple fields containing information defining or indicating the characteristics or attributes of the data encapsulated within the frame body of MPDU 416. MAC header 414 includes a duration field indicating the duration from the end of the PPDU to at least the end of an acknowledgment (ACK) or block ACK (BA) to be sent by the receiving wireless communication device for that PPDU. The use of the duration field is to preserve the wireless medium until the indicated duration and to enable the receiving device to establish its Network Allocation Vector (NAV). MAC header 414 also includes one or more fields indicating the address of the data encapsulated within the frame body of MPDU 416. For example, MAC header 414 may include a combination of source address, transmitter address, receiver address, or destination address. MAC header 414 may also include a frame control field containing control information. The frame control field may specify the frame type, such as a data frame, control frame, or management frame.

[0072] Access to a shared wireless medium is typically managed by a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). With DCF, there is generally no centralized master device allocating time and frequency resources for the shared wireless medium. Instead, a wireless communication device (such as an AP102 or STA 104) can wait for a specific time before being granted permission to transmit data and subsequently contend for access to the wireless medium. DCF is implemented using time intervals, including time slot times (or “time slot intervals”) and inter-frame intervals (IFS). IFS provides priority access for control frames used for proper network operation. Transmission can begin at time slot boundaries. Different variations of IFS exist, including Short IFS (SIFS), Distributed IFS (DIFS), Extended IFS (EIFS), and Arbitrated IFS (AIFS). Values ​​for time slot times and IFS can be provided by appropriate standard specifications, such as one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family.

[0073] In some examples, wireless communication devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) can implement DCF using Carrier-Sensed Multiple Access (CSMA) with Collision Avoidance (CA) (CSMA / CA) technology. According to such technology, before transmitting data, the wireless communication device can perform an idle channel assessment (CCA) and determine (e.g., identify, detect, identify, calculate, or operate) whether the relevant wireless channel is idle. CCA includes both physical (PHY-level) carrier sensing and virtual (MAC-level) carrier sensing. Physical carrier sensing is accomplished by measuring the received signal strength of a valid frame, and then comparing that measurement to a threshold to determine (e.g., identify, detect, identify, calculate, or operate) whether the channel is busy. For example, if the received signal strength of the detected preamble is higher than a threshold, the medium is considered busy. Physical carrier sensing also includes energy detection. Energy detection involves measuring the total energy received by the wireless communication device, regardless of whether the received signal represents a valid frame. If the detected total energy is higher than a threshold, the medium is considered busy.

[0074] Virtual carrier sensing is implemented using a Network Allocation Vector (NAV), which effectively serves as the elapsed time before a wireless communication device can contend for access, even in the absence of detected symbols or even when the detected energy is below a relevant threshold. The NAV is reset each time a valid frame not addressed to the wireless communication device is received. When the NAV reaches 0, the wireless communication device performs physical carrier sensing. If the channel remains idle for an appropriate IFS (Instantaneous Transfer Opportunity), the wireless communication device initiates a backoff timer, which represents the elapsed time during which the device senses the medium is idle before being allowed to transmit. If the channel remains idle until the backoff timer expires, the wireless communication device becomes the owner (or "owner") of a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) and can begin transmitting. A TXOP is the elapsed time during which the wireless communication device can transmit frames on the channel after having "won" contention for the wireless medium. The TXOP duration can be indicated in the U-SIG field of the PPDU. Conversely, if one or more carrier sensing mechanisms in the carrier sensing mechanism indicate that the channel is busy, the MAC controller within the wireless communication device will not allow transmission.

[0075] Each time a wireless communication device generates a new PPDU for transmission in a new TXOP, it randomly selects a new backoff timer duration. The available distribution of numbers that can be randomly selected for the backoff timer is called the contention window (CW). Different CW and TXOP durations exist for each of the following four access classes (AC): Voice (AC_VO), Video (AC_VI), Background (AC_BK), and Best Effort (AC_BE). This allows for prioritizing specific types of traffic within the network.

[0076] In some other examples, wireless communication devices (e.g., AP 102 or STA 104) may contend for access to the wireless medium of wireless communication network 100 according to an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) procedure. Random channel access mechanisms, such as EDCA, provide a greater probability of obtaining medium access for high-priority services compared to low-priority traffic. Wireless communication devices using EDCA can classify data into different access categories. Each AC can be associated with a different priority level and can be assigned a different range of random backoff (RBO), making higher-priority data more likely to win TXOPs (e.g., by assigning a lower RBO to higher-priority data and vice versa). While EDCA increases the likelihood of low-latency data services gaining access to the shared wireless medium during a given contention period, the unpredictable outcomes of medium access contention operations may prevent low-latency applications from achieving specific levels of throughput or meeting specific latency requirements.

[0077] Some APs and STAs (e.g., reference) Figure 1 The described AP 102 and STA 104 enable space reuse technology. For example, AP 102 and STA 104 configured to communicate using protocols defined in the IEEE 802.11ax or 802.11be standard revisions can be configured using BSS colors. AP 102 associated with different BSSs can be associated with different BSS colors. The BSS color is a numerical identifier (such as a 6-bit field carried by the SIG field) of the corresponding BSS of AP 102. Each STA 104 can learn its own BSS color when associated with the corresponding AP 102. BSS color information is communicated at both the PHY sublayer and the MAC sublayer. If AP 102 or STA 104 detects, acquires, selects, or identifies a radio packet from another wireless communication device during access contention, AP 102 or STA 104 may apply different contention parameters, such as those determined, identified, identified, or calculated by the BSS color indication in the preamble of the radio packet, depending on whether the radio packet was sent or received by another wireless communication device within its BSS (such as another AP 102 or STA 104) or from a wireless communication device in an overlapping BSS (OBSS). For example, if the BSS color associated with the radio packet is the same as the BSS color of AP 102 or STA 104, AP 102 or STA 104 may use a first RSSI detection threshold when performing CCA on the wireless channel. However, if the BSS color associated with a radio packet is different from the BSS color of AP 102 or STA 104, AP 102 or STA 104 may use a second RSSI detection threshold, which is greater than the first RSSI detection threshold, instead of the first RSSI detection threshold when performing CCA on the radio channel. In this way, the criteria for winning contention are relaxed when interference transmission is associated with the OBSS.

[0078] Some APs and STAs (e.g., reference) Figure 1The described AP 102 and STA 104 implement techniques for spatial reuse involving coordinated communication schemes. According to such techniques, AP 102 can contend for access to a radio medium to gain control of that medium for use in the TXOP. The AP that wins the contention (also referred to hereinafter as the "sharing AP") can select one or more other APs (also referred to hereinafter as the "shared AP") to share the TXOP's resources. The sharing AP and the shared APs can be located close to each other such that at least some of their radio coverage areas at least partially overlap. Some examples may specifically involve coordinated AP TDMA or OFDMA techniques for sharing time or frequency resources of the TXOP. To share the time or frequency resources of the TXOP, the sharing AP can divide the TXOP into multiple time segments or frequency segments, each time segment or frequency segment including a corresponding time or frequency resource representing a portion of the TXOP. The sharing AP can allocate the time or frequency segment to itself or to one or more of the shared APs. For example, each shared AP can use a portion of the TXOPs assigned by the shared AP to perform uplink or downlink communication with its associated STA.

[0079] In some examples of such TDMA technologies, each of the multiple sections of the TXOP includes a set of time resources that do not overlap with any time resources of any other section of the TXOP. In such examples, scheduling information may include indications of the time resources associated with each section of the TXOP among the multiple time resources. For example, scheduling information may include indications of time segments of the TXOP (such as indications of one or more time slots or sets of symbol periods associated with each section of the TXOP), such as for use in multi-user TDMA.

[0080] In some examples of OFDMA technology, each of the multiple sections of a TXOP includes a set of frequency resources that do not overlap with any frequency resources of any other section. In such examples, scheduling information may include indications of the frequency resources associated with each section of the TXOP. For example, scheduling information may include indications of bandwidth portions of a radio channel (such as indications of one or more sub-channels or resource elements associated with each section of the TXOP), such as for use in multi-user OFDMA.

[0081] In this manner, the acquisition of TXOPs by a shared AP enables communication between one or more additional shared APs and their respective BSSs with appropriate power control and link adaptation. For example, the sharing AP can limit the transmit power of a selected shared AP so that interference from the selected AP does not prevent the STA associated with the TXOP owner from successfully decoding packets transmitted by the shared AP. Such techniques can be used to reduce latency because other APs can transmit and receive data according to conventional CSMA / CA or Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) techniques without waiting to win contention for the TXOP. Additionally, by enabling a group of APs 102 associated with different BSSs to participate in a coordinated AP transmission session, during which the group of APs can share at least a portion of a single TXOP acquired by any of the participating APs, such techniques can increase throughput on the BSSs associated with the participating APs and also improve throughput fairness. Furthermore, through the appropriate selection of shared APs and the scheduling of their respective time or frequency resources, media utilization can be maximized or otherwise increased, while packet loss caused by OBSS interference is minimized or otherwise reduced. Various implementations can achieve these and other advantages without requiring the sharing AP or the AP being shared to know about the STA 104 associated with other BSSs, without requiring pre-assigned or dedicated master APs or pre-assigned AP groups, and without requiring backhaul coordination between APs participating in TXOP.

[0082] In some examples where the signal strength or interference level associated with the selected AP is relatively low (e.g., less than a given value), or when the decoding error rate of the selected AP is relatively low (e.g., less than a threshold), the start time of communication between different BSSs can be synchronized. Conversely, when the signal strength or interference level associated with the selected AP is relatively high (e.g., greater than a given value), or when the decoding error rate of the selected AP is relatively high (e.g., greater than a threshold), the start time can be offset from each other by a time period associated with decoding the preamble of the radio packet and determining whether the radio packet is an intra-BSS packet or an OBSS packet based on the decoded preamble. For example, the time period between the transmission of an intra-BSS packet and the transmission of an OBSS packet can allow the corresponding AP (or its associated STA) to decode the preamble of the radio packet and obtain the BSS color value carried in the radio packet to determine whether the radio packet is an intra-BSS packet or an OBSS packet. In this way, each of the participating APs and its associated STAs can receive and decode intra-BSS packets in the presence of OBSS interference.

[0083] In some examples, a shared AP may perform polling of a set of unmanaged or non-co-managed APs that support coordinated reuse to identify candidates for future space reuse opportunities. For example, a shared AP may send one or more space reuse polling frames to determine one or more space reuse criteria and select one or more other APs as part of the shared APs. Based on the polling, the shared AP may receive responses from one or more of the polled APs. In some specific examples, the shared AP may send a Coordinating AP TXOP Indication (CTI) frame to other APs, indicating the time and frequency of resources for a shareable TXOP. The shared AP may select one or more candidate APs upon receiving a Coordinating AP TXOP Request (CTR) frame from the corresponding candidate AP, indicating that the corresponding AP expects to participate in the TXOP. The polling response or CTR frame may include power indications, such as received (RX) power or RSSI measured by the corresponding AP. In some other examples, the shared AP may directly measure potential interference with services (such as UL transmission) supported at one or more APs and select the shared APs based on the measured potential interference. A shared AP typically selects another AP to participate in coordinated space reuse, allowing it to still protect its own outgoing traffic and transmissions from STAs in its BSS (these transmissions may be referred to as primary transmissions). Resources can then be allocated to the selected AP during TXOP, as described above.

[0084] In some specific implementations, AP 102 and STA 104 can support various multi-user communications; that is, concurrent transmissions from one device to each of multiple devices (e.g., multiple simultaneous downlink communications from AP 102 to the corresponding STA 104), or concurrent transmissions from multiple devices to a single device (e.g., multiple simultaneous uplink transmissions from the corresponding STA 104 to AP 102). As an example, in addition to MU-MIMO, AP 102 and STA 104 can also support OFDMA. In some respects, OFDMA is a multi-user version of OFDM.

[0085] In the OFDMA scheme, the available spectrum of a radio channel can be divided into multiple Resource Units (RUs), each comprising multiple frequency subcarriers (also referred to as "tones"). Different RUs can be allocated by AP 102 at specific times or assigned to different STAs 104. The size and distribution of RUs are referred to as RU allocation. In some examples, RUs can be allocated in 2MHz intervals, and therefore, a minimum RU can include 26 tones consisting of 24 data tones and 2 pilot tones. Thus, in a 20MHz channel, up to 9 RUs (such as 2MHz, 26-tone RUs) can be allocated (because some tones are reserved for other purposes). Similarly, in a 160MHz channel, up to 74 RUs can be allocated. Other tone RUs, such as 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, 484-tone, and 996-tone RUs, can also be allocated. Adjacent RUs can be separated by empty subcarriers (such as DC subcarriers) to reduce interference between adjacent RUs, reduce receiver DC offset, and avoid leakage of the transmit center frequency.

[0086] For UL MU transmissions, AP 102 can send trigger frames to initiate and synchronize ULOFDMA or UL MU-MIMO transmissions from multiple STAs 104 to AP 102. Such trigger frames thus enable multiple STAs 104 to concurrently transmit UL services to AP 102 in time. The trigger frame can address one or more STAs 104 via a corresponding Association Identifier (AID), and can assign one or more RUs to each AID (and thus to each STA 104), which can be used to transmit UL services to AP 102. AP can also specify one or more Random Access (RA) RUs that are contentious for by unscheduled STAs 104.

[0087] In some wireless communication systems, AP 102 can allocate or assign multiple RUs to a single STA 104 in OFDMA transmissions (hereinafter also referred to as "multi-RU aggregation"). Multi-RU aggregation, which facilitates puncturing and scheduling flexibility, can ultimately reduce latency. With emerging standards such as the IEEE 802.11be revision supporting 320MHz and the IEEE 802.11bn revision supporting 480MHz and 640MHz, various combinations of multiple RUs (multi-RUs) may exist. Values ​​indicating various multi-RU combinations can be provided by appropriate standard specifications, such as one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family that includes the 802.11be revision.

[0088] Since Wi-Fi is not the only technology operating in the 6 GHz band, combining channel puncturing with multiple RUs enables the use of large bandwidths, making high throughput possible, while avoiding transmissions on locally unlicensed frequencies due to existing operations. Punching can also be combined with multi-RU transmissions to enable the establishment of wide channels using discontinuous spectrum blocks. In such examples, a portion of the bandwidth between two RUs allocated to a specific STA 104 can be punctured. Accordingly, spectral efficiency and flexibility are improved.

[0089] As previously described, STA-specific RU allocation information can be included in the signaling fields of the PPDU preamble (such as the EHT-SIG field for EHT PPDUs). Preamble puncturing enables wider bandwidth transmission in the presence of interference from existing technologies and other wireless communication devices, thereby improving throughput and spectral efficiency. Because RUs can be allocated individually in MU PPDUs, the use of the MU PPDU format can indicate preamble puncturing for SU transmissions. While puncturing in the IEEE 802.11ax standard revision is limited to OFDMA transmissions, the IEEE 802.11be standard revision extends puncturing to SU transmissions. In some examples, RU allocation information in the common fields of EHT-SIG can be used to allocate RUs individually to a single user, thus avoiding punctured channels. In some other examples, U-SIG can be used to indicate SU preamble puncturing. For example, SU preamble puncturing can be indicated by the value of the EHT-SIG compression field in U-SIG.

[0090] In certain environments, locations, or conditions, regulatory agencies may impose power spectral density (PSD) limits on one or more communication channels or an entire frequency band (e.g., the 6 GHz band). PSD is a measure of transmit power as a function of unit bandwidth (e.g., per 1 MHz). Therefore, the total transmit power is the product of the PSD and the total bandwidth transmitted. Unlike the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established PSD limits for low-power devices operating in the 6 GHz band. The FCC has defined three power levels for operation in the 6 GHz band: standard power, low-power indoor, and very low power. Some AP 102 and STA 104 operating in the 6 GHz band may meet the low-power indoor (LPI) power level, which limits the transmit power of AP 102 and STA 104 to 5 dBm / MHz and -1 dBm / MHz, respectively. In other words, the transmit power in the 6 GHz band is subject to PSD limitation on a per MHz basis.

[0091] Such PSD limitations unnecessarily reduce transmission range, decrease packet detection capability, and reduce channel estimation capabilities of AP 102 and STA 104. In some examples where transmission is PSD-limited, AP 102 or STA 104 of wireless communication network 100 can transmit over a larger transmission bandwidth to allow for increased total transmission power, which can increase SNR and expand the coverage of wireless communication devices. For example, to overcome or relax PSD limitations and improve the SNR of low-power devices operating in PSD-limited bands, 802.11be introduced a duplicate (DUP) mode for transmission, in which data in the payload portion of the PPDU is modulated for transmission on a “basic” frequency subband (such as the first RU for OFDMA transmission) and copied (e.g., repeated) to another frequency subband (such as the second RU for OFDMA transmission). In DUP mode, two copies of the data are transmitted, and dual-carrier modulation (DCM) is used for each of the repeating RUs. This also has the effect of replicating the data, so that each of the repeating RUs carries two copies of the data, resulting in, for example, four copies of the data being transmitted. While the data rate for each copy of user data transmitted using DUP mode can be the same as that transmitted using "normal" mode, the transmit power using DUP mode is essentially doubled according to the number of copies of data being transmitted, at the cost of increased bandwidth. Therefore, using DUP mode may extend range but reduce spectral efficiency.

[0092] In some other examples where transmission is limited by PSD, distributed tone mapping operations can be used to increase the bandwidth of uplink communication transmitted by STA 104 to AP 102. As used herein, the term "distributed transmission" refers to PPDU transmission on discontinuous tones (or subcarriers) of a wireless channel. In contrast, the term "continuous transmission" refers to PPDU transmission on continuous tones. As used herein, a logical RU represents the multiple tones or subcarriers assigned to a given STA 104 for transmitting PPDUs. As used herein, the term "regular RU" (or rRU) refers to any undistributed RU or MRU tone scheme, such as a configuration supported by 802.11be or earlier versions of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards. As used herein, the term "distributed RU" (or dRU) refers to tones distributed across a set of discontinuous subcarrier indexes mapped to by a logical RU. The term "distributed tone scheme" refers to the set of discontinuous subcarrier indexes associated with a dRU. The channel or portion of the channel that distributes the tones is called the spread spectrum bandwidth, which can be, for example, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or higher. The use of dRUs may be limited to uplink communication, as the benefits of overcoming PSD limitations may only exist in uplink communication.

[0093] In some examples, adjacent BSSs may support coordinated spatial reuse. For example, a first wireless device associated with a first BSS (such as AP 102 or STA 104 (including STAs operating as soft APs)) may advertise a set of one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with that set of service periods. For example, the first wireless device may advertise the set of one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse and the associated interference threshold via a beacon frame or via a management frame. A second wireless device associated with a second BSS (such as AP 102 or STA 104) may receive the advertisement and communicate with one or more other wireless devices associated with the second BSS (such as one or more STAs 104 associated with the second BSS) during the indicated set of service periods, according to the indicated interference threshold. The wireless device associated with the second BSS may limit its transmit power to a level that produces an acceptable amount of interference to the wireless device associated with the first BSS.

[0094] In some examples, a first wireless device associated with a first BSS may communicate with multiple client wireless devices associated with the first BSS. The first wireless device may group the client wireless devices into a first group of client devices associated with relatively high signal strength and a second group of client wireless devices associated with relatively low signal strength. The first wireless device may communicate with the first group of client devices associated with relatively high signal strength during a service period designated for space reuse, because communication involving the first group is less likely to be susceptible to interference from another BSS, and communicate with the second group of client devices during one or more other service periods orthogonal to the service period designated for space reuse.

[0095] In some examples, the wireless device associated with the second BSS can calculate, determine, identify, or select permissible transmit power in each service cycle designated for spatial reuse, which will keep interference at the wireless device associated with the first BSS within acceptable levels. The wireless device associated with the second BSS can calculate, determine, identify, or select the permissible transmit power based on an indicated interference threshold and measurements of the signal transmitted by the wireless device associated with the first BSS. For example, the wireless device associated with the second BSS can calculate, determine, or identify path loss between wireless devices in the first BSS based on measurements of the signal transmitted by the wireless device associated with the first BSS, and the path loss can be used in conjunction with the indicated interference threshold to calculate, determine, identify, or select the permissible transmit power.

[0096] Figure 5An example of a signaling diagram 500 supporting coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles is shown. Signaling diagram 500 may implement, or be implemented by, various aspects of the wireless communication network 100. For example, signaling diagram 500 may exemplify communication between wireless devices (including wireless device 502-a, wireless device 502-b, and wireless device 502-c) within the wireless communication network. In some aspects, each of wireless device 502-a, wireless device 502-b, and wireless device 502-c may be as described by… Figure 1 Examples and references Figure 1 Examples of AP 102 or STA 104 (such as STAs operating as soft APs) are described. Signaling diagram 500 also illustrates client wireless devices, including client wireless devices 504-a, 504-b, 504-c, 504-d, 504-e, and 504-f, which can be as follows: Figure 1 Examples and references Figure 1 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0097] Wireless device 502-a, client wireless device 504-a, and client wireless device 504-b may be associated with the first BSS 506-a. Wireless device 502-b, client wireless device 504-c, and client wireless device 504-d may be associated with the second BSS 506-b. Wireless device 502-c, client wireless device 504-e, and client wireless device 504-f may be associated with the third BSS 506-c.

[0098] Some WLANs (such as wireless communication systems implemented by signaling diagram 500) can achieve space reuse. In a distributed or self-organizing space reuse scheme, a wireless device associated with the second BSS 506-b (such as wireless device 502-b, client wireless device 504-c, or client wireless device 504-d) can identify that a TXOP is being used by a different BSS (such as one of the first BSS 506-a) and can back down the transmission power used for transmissions in the TXOP in the second BSS 506-b. Depending on the relative location of the client wireless device 504 within its corresponding BSS 506, interference and gain in the distributed or self-organizing space reuse scheme can vary. For example, because the proximity between client wireless device 504-d and the first BSS 506-a is less than the proximity between client wireless device 504-c and the first BSS 506-a, a transmission by client wireless device 504-d is more likely to cause interference at the wireless device in the first BSS 506-a than a transmission by client wireless device 504-c.

[0099] In some coordinated space reuse schemes, radio device 502 can communicate transmit power parameters at each TXOP to reduce interference. For example, radio device 502 associated with a first BSS can send control signaling in each TXOP (such as in a management frame) to indicate the transmit power that other radio devices in other BSSs can use during that TXOP. The time that other radio devices in other BSSs spend processing the control signaling before transmitting according to the indicated allowed transmit power may correspond to SIFS. These coordinated space reuse schemes can have improved throughput compared to distributed or self-organizing space reuse schemes, but may also carry excessive signaling overhead costs to coordinate transmit power parameters between BSSs at each TXOP.

[0100] Therefore, the described techniques can strike a balance between the complexity and gains associated with coordinated spatial reuse. For example, coordinated spatial reuse can be achieved using relatively long-term signaling (such as via beacons or management frame signaling) and service periods designated for spatial reuse (such as target wake-up time (TWT) or restricted TWTs (rTWTs), which are TWTs whose transmission is restricted to certain wireless devices). Thus, coordinated spatial reuse can be achieved at the service period level compared to the TXOP level.

[0101] A sharing wireless device (such as wireless device 502-a) may announce space reuse criteria for one or more shared wireless devices (such as wireless devices 502-b and 502-c) in a beacon or other management frame. One or more shared wireless devices may include or forward the coordinated space reuse criteria of the sharing wireless device in the OBSS service cycle information transmitted in the beacons of one or more shared wireless devices to notify associated client wireless devices (such as client wireless devices 504-c and 504-d for wireless device 502-b, and client wireless devices 504-e and 504-f for wireless device 502-c). The shared wireless devices (such as wireless devices 502-b and 502-c) and associated client wireless devices may derive local decisions for reuse on the sharing wireless device during a space reuse service cycle. A space reuse service cycle refers to a service cycle such as TWT, rTWT, or other service cycles specifically designated for space reuse. For example, during a space reuse service period, there may be no explicit signaling round-trip between wireless devices 502 in different BSS 506s. Local decisions may include decisions on whether to participate in space reuse on a shared wireless device in accordance with criteria announced by the shared AP. Local decisions may also include decisions on the maximum power that the shared wireless device and associated client wireless devices may use during a space reuse service period, depending on the interference threshold indicated by the shared wireless device in the announced space reuse criteria.

[0102] In some examples, wireless device 502 can classify client wireless devices as "internal" or "external" clients. For example, client wireless device 504-a can be an internal client of wireless device 502-a (such as in internal area 508-a), and client wireless device 504-b can be an external client of wireless device 502-a (such as in external area 510-a). As another example, client wireless device 504-c can be an internal client of wireless device 502-b (such as in internal area 508-b), and client wireless device 504-d can be an external client of wireless device 502-b (such as in external area 510-b). As another example, client wireless device 504-e can be an internal client of wireless device 502-c (such as in internal area 508-c), and client wireless device 504-f can be an external client of wireless device 502-c (such as in external area 510-c). The internal client wireless device may have a high SINR for communication with wireless device 502, for example, associated with the close proximity of the internal client wireless device to wireless device 502.

[0103] In some examples, wireless device 502-a can identify a client wireless device as an internal client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-a) or an external client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-b) based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device. In some examples, wireless device 502-b can identify a client wireless device as an internal client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-c) or an external client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-d) based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device. In some examples, wireless device 502-c can identify a client wireless device as an internal client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-e) or an external client wireless device (such as client wireless device 504-f) based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device. For example, wireless device 502-a can communicate a reference signal with client wireless device 504 in the first BSS 506-a served by wireless device 502-a, and can use the reference signal to determine the MCS or signal strength associated with client wireless device 504 in the first BSS 506-a. Wireless device 502-a can store in its memory a list of client wireless devices 504 that have been marked as internal client wireless devices and external client wireless devices according to their respective MCS or signal strength.

[0104] As shown in timing diagram 520, wireless devices (such as wireless devices 502-a, 502-b, and 502-c) can serve internal client wireless devices (such as client wireless devices 504-a, 504-c, and 504-e) during space reuse service period 512, and can serve external client wireless devices (such as client wireless devices 504-b, 504-d, and 504-f) during regular service periods 514, which are defined as service periods not specifically designated for space reuse. Regular service periods 514 between BSS 506 can be orthogonal to each other, meaning they do not overlap in time. For example, wireless device 502-a can serve client wireless device 504-b during regular service period 514-a, wireless device 502-b can serve client wireless device 504-d during regular service period 514-b, and wireless device 502-c can serve client wireless device 504-f during regular service period 514-c.

[0105] Figure 6An example of a signaling diagram 600 supporting coordinated spatial reuse based on service cycles is shown. Signaling diagram 600 may implement aspects of wireless communication network 100 or signaling diagram 500, or may be implemented by these aspects. For example, signaling diagram 600 illustrates communication between wireless device 602-a and wireless device 602-b, which may be as follows: Figure 5 Examples and references Figure 5 The example of the described wireless device 502. Signaling diagram 600 may also include client wireless devices 604-a and 604-b, which may be as follows: Figure 5 Examples and references Figure 5 An example of the described client wireless device 504. As shown, wireless device 602-a can serve client wireless device 604 in internal area 608-a and external area 610-a, and wireless device 602-b can serve client wireless devices in internal area 608-b and external area 610-b. Wireless device 602-a and client wireless device 604-a can be associated with BSS 606-a. Wireless device 602-b and client wireless device 604-b can be associated with BSS 606-b.

[0106] Wireless device 602-a can send communication 612-a to client wireless device 604-a, and client wireless device 604-a can send communication 614-a to wireless device 602-a. Wireless device 602-b can send communication 612-b to client wireless device 604-b, and client wireless device 604-b can send communication 614-b to wireless device 602-b.

[0107] For the purpose of space reuse, wireless device 602-a can be considered a shared wireless device, and wireless device 602-b can be considered a shared wireless device. For example, as shown in timing diagram 640, wireless device 602-a can announce one or more space reuse service cycles (such as downlink space reuse service cycle 622, uplink space reuse service cycle 626, or downlink space reuse service cycle 628) and one or more parameters or criteria for the space reuse service cycle (such as interference thresholds or which BSSs 606 are allowed to transmit within the space reuse service cycle). One or more parameters can be expected to persist for multiple TBTTs (such as multiple service cycles). Therefore, a coordinated space reuse scheme can be set up for a long period of time. Space reuse service cycles can be interleaved with regular service cycles (such as service cycle 624 and service cycle 630). A second beacon or management frame 632 can announce the next set of one or more space reuse service cycles and one or more parameters for the next set of one or more space reuse service cycles.

[0108] To select one or more parameters for a spatial reuse service cycle, wireless device 602-a can consider the worst-case scenario (such as associated with the worst-case SINR) for each spatial reuse service cycle. For example, wireless device 602-a can calculate, determine, identify, or select the MCS cutoff for the edge of interior zone 608-a. For example, as shown, client wireless device 604-a is within interior zone 608-a. Wireless device 602-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss (denoted as PL1) between worst-case client wireless devices (such as client wireless device 604-a) in interior zone 608-a. For downlink communication, the interference threshold declared in the beacon or management frame 620 can be correlated with the transmit power of communication 612-a (in Figure 6 The transmit power (denoted as A1) and path loss PL1 are associated, where the transmit power A1 may depend on the MCS for the client wireless device 604-a, which may depend on the SINR. For uplink communication, the interference threshold announced in the beacon or management frame 620 may be associated with the transmit power (denoted as S1) and path loss PL1 of communication 614-a, where the transmit power S1 may depend on the MCS for the client wireless device 604-a, which may depend on the SINR.

[0109] Wireless device 602-b can comply with the space reuse criteria declared in beacon or management frame 620 within space reuse service cycles (such as downlink space reuse service cycle 622, uplink space reuse service cycle 626, or downlink space reuse service cycle 628). For example, in a downlink scenario, interference 616 caused by communication 612-b at client wireless device 604-a (such as interference with the reception of communication 612-a) can be within an acceptable level associated with an indicated interference threshold. As another example, in an uplink scenario, interference 618 caused by communication 614-b at wireless device 602-a (such as interference with the reception of communication 614-a) can be within an allowable level associated with an indicated interference threshold. For example, wireless device 602-b or client wireless device 604-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss PL2 between wireless device 602-b and client wireless device 604-b in each space reuse service cycle. For downlink scenarios, wireless device 602-b can calculate, determine, identify, or select the path loss PLx1 between wireless device 602-b and client wireless device 604-a. It can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the transmit power Ax of wireless device 602-b for communication 612-b based on the interference threshold, path loss PL2, and path loss PLx1, so that the interference 616 caused by communication 612-b is kept within or below an acceptable level. For uplink scenarios, client wireless device 604-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss PLx2 between client wireless device 604-b and wireless device 602-a. It can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the transmit power (denoted as Sx) of client wireless device 604-b for communication 614-b based on the interference threshold, path loss PL2, and path loss PLx2, so that the interference 618 caused by communication 614-b is kept within or below an acceptable level.

[0110] Figure 7 An example of a signaling diagram 700 supporting service-cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse for downlink / downlink scenarios is shown. Signaling diagram 700 may implement aspects of wireless communication network 100, signaling diagram 500, or signaling diagram 600, or may be implemented by these aspects. For example, signaling diagram 700 illustrates communication between wireless device 702-a and wireless device 702-b, which may be respectively as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples of wireless devices 502 or 602 are described. Signaling diagram 700 also illustrates client wireless devices 704-a and 704-b, which can be respectively as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples of client wireless devices 504 or 604 are described below. As shown, wireless device 702-a can serve client wireless devices in internal area 708-a and external area 710-a, and wireless device 702-b can serve client wireless devices in internal area 708-b and external area 710-b. Wireless device 702-a can send communication 712-a to client wireless device 704-a, and wireless device 702-b can send communication 712-b to client wireless device 704-b. Wireless device 702-a and client wireless device 704-a can be associated with BSS 706-a. Wireless device 702-b and client wireless device 704-b can be associated with BSS 706-b. In some examples, wireless device 702-a can mark client wireless device 704 associated with BSS 706-a as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 As described. Similarly, wireless device 702-b can identify the client wireless device 704 associated with BSS 706-b as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device 704, as described in the reference. Figure 5 As described.

[0111] Wireless device 702-a (which may be a shared wireless device) can transmit beacon 720, which announces a set of one or more space reuse service cycles. Wireless device 702-a can communicate with one or more client wireless devices 704 (such as client wireless device 704-a) marked as internal client wireless devices in BSS 706-a during a space reuse service cycle. For example, the set of space reuse service cycles may include downlink space reuse service cycle 722-a and downlink space reuse service cycle 722-b. A regular service cycle 724 can be interleaved with downlink space reuse service cycles 722-a and 722-b. Wireless device 702-a can communicate with client wireless devices in external area 710-a (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 706-a and marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 724, or wireless device 702-b can communicate with client wireless devices in external area 710-b (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 706-b and marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 724. For example, beacon 720 can notify wireless device 702-b that it can communicate with client wireless devices in BSS 706-b during downlink space reuse service period 722 according to the space reuse criteria indicated in beacon 720. Wireless device 702-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select parameters of internal area 708-a for extended periods (such as when multiple space reuse service periods apply). For example, wireless device 702-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the worst-case path loss PL1 between wireless device 702-a and any point in internal area 708-a. Wireless device 702-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the MCS cutoff (and therefore SINR) for client wireless devices in internal area 708-a. For example, wireless device 702-a can communicate reference signals with client wireless devices served by wireless device 702-a to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the SINR (and therefore MCS) or path loss for each client wireless device served by wireless device 702-a. Wireless device 702-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power A1 for communication 712-a, where communication 712-a is communication to the highest MCS client within BSS 706-a. Wireless device 702-b (which may be a shared wireless device) can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select downlink power Ax for downlink communication (such as for communication 712-b) in a space reuse service cycle on a per-service-cycle basis.In some examples, for simplicity, the wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power over a long period of time. However, in such scenarios, the wireless device 702-b may miss some transmission opportunities while learning the long-term downlink transmit power.

[0112] A1 can refer to the downlink transmit power of wireless device 702-a for communication in the inner zone 708-a of the highest MCS within BSS 706-a during a space reuse service cycle. Ax can refer to the downlink transmit power that wireless device 702-b can use during a space reuse service cycle. PL1 can refer to the worst-case path loss at any point in the inner zone 708-a of wireless device 702-a. PLx can refer to the worst-case path loss from wireless device 702-b to a client wireless device (such as client wireless device 704-a) in BSS 706-a supported by wireless device 702-a. Wireless device 702-b can measure PLx at the beginning of each space reuse service cycle (such as in association with the RSSI of an Allow Transmission (CTS) message sent by a client wireless device in response to a Multi-User Request Transmission (MU-RTS) message sent by wireless device 702-a) to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power Ax. The acceptable signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) (which corresponds to the lowest SIR that client wireless device 704-a can receive and decode downlink communication transmitted at power A1) can be given by SIR = (A1 - PL1) - (Ax - PLx), neglecting thermal noise for simplicity. Therefore, Ax - PLx can be the maximum acceptable interference. To solve for Ax, the equation SIR = (A1 - PL1) - (Ax - PLx) can be rearranged to Ax = (A1 - PL1 - SIR) + PLx. (A1 - PL1 - SIR) can be referred to as the Coordinated Spatial Reuse Downlink Parameter (CSR-DL_P) or interference threshold, and can be the maximum interference from wireless device 702-b (the shared wireless device) allowed by wireless device 702-a (the shared wireless device) during the spatial reuse service cycle. Wireless device 702-a can announce (A1 - PL1 - SIR) in beacon 720.

[0113] As shown in timing diagram 740, wireless device 702-a may transmit beacon 720 indicating an interference threshold (CSR-DL_P) for spatial reuse service period set 722. In some examples, wireless device 702-a may also indicate additional budgets for multiple shared BSSs 706 (e.g., if more than one shared BSS exists). In some examples, wireless device 702-a may also indicate an uplink reference power (denoted as U0) or maximum uplink transmit power in beacon 720. The uplink reference power U0 or maximum uplink transmit power may be the maximum transmit power used for all uplink transmissions within the spatial reuse service period set 722 associated with wireless device 702-a (e.g., in BSS 706-a). In some examples, wireless device 702-a may also indicate in beacon 720 the MCS0 transmit power for all uplink transmissions within a spatial reuse service period set 722 for client wireless devices associated with wireless device 702-a, which may include CTS frames set at MCS0. Different downlink service periods may have different U0 values ​​depending on the transmit power capabilities of the client wireless devices, and therefore in some examples, wireless device 702-a may group different sets of downlink spatial reuse service periods based on the U0 values.

[0114] In the downlink space reuse service cycle 722-a within the space reuse service cycle set 722, wireless device 702-a may send a MU-RTS message 726 at the beginning of the downlink space reuse service cycle 722-a. For example, the MU-RTS message 726 may be sent cyclically to all client wireless devices that wireless device 702-a intends to serve in BSS 706-a. In some examples, wireless device 702-a may send one or more Request Delivery (RTS) messages instead of the MU-RTS message 726. A client wireless device (such as client wireless device 704-a) receiving the MU-RTS message 726 (or one or more RTS messages) may respond to the MU-RTS message 726 (or one or more RTS messages) by sending a CTS message 728 to wireless device 702-a. The uplink reference power U0 indicated in beacon 720 may be used to send the CTS message. Wireless device 702-b (such as any shared wireless device) may measure the CTS message 728. For example, wireless device 702-b can measure the maximum RSSI in CTS message 728 and can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select PLx as follows: PLx = U0 - Cxmax, where Cxmax can refer to the maximum RSSI in CTS message 728. As another example, the wireless device can use a single MU-RTS message and CTS to calculate PLx to obtain the combined CTS power. Based on PLx, wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power Ax for downlink space reuse service period 722-a as Ax = CSR_DL_P + PLx.

[0115] In some examples, wireless device 702-b can, for example, use a signal strength measurement from beacon 720 to calculate the path loss PLY between wireless device 702-b and wireless device 702-a. An offset can then be applied to PLY (such as based on an estimated distance between worst-case client wireless device 704-a and wireless device 702-a in inner region 708-a) to estimate PLx, i.e., the path loss from worst-case client wireless device 704-a to wireless device 702-a.

[0116] For example, wireless device 702-b can transmit downlink PPDU 734-a and downlink PPDU 734-b that overlap with downlink PPDU 730-a and downlink PPDU 730-b transmitted by wireless device 702-a during downlink space reuse service period 722-a. Therefore, the interference 716 at the client wireless device 704-a (such as the worst-case client wireless device in internal area 708-a) caused by the overlapping transmission can be below an acceptable interference level, such as the A1-PL1-SIR value indicated in beacon 720. For example, the interference level is acceptable when the transmission power of downlink PPDU 734-a or downlink PPDU 734-b causes the interference received at the client wireless device 704-a with respect to downlink PPDU 730-a or downlink PPDU 730-b to be less than or equal to the signaled interference threshold (A1-PL1-SIR). The interference level is unacceptable when the transmit power of downlink PPDU 734-a or downlink PPDU 734-b causes the received interference at client radio device 704-a with respect to downlink PPDU 730-a or downlink PPDU 730-b to exceed the signaling interference threshold (A1-PL1-SIR). Client radio device 702-a may transmit BA 732 (such as BA 732-a for downlink PPDU 730-a and BA 732-b for downlink PPDU 730-b) downlink PPDU 730, and client radio device 702-b may transmit BA 736 (such as BA 736-a for downlink PPDU 734-a and BA 736-b for downlink PPDU 734-b) downlink PPDU 730. Although the BA 736 may conflict with the BA 732, the impact is likely to be small due to downlink transmit power limitations, and such conflicts can therefore be ignored.

[0117] Wireless device 702-b may ignore the NAV set by wireless device 702-a, for example, in MU-RTS message 726 for downlink space reuse service period 722-a.

[0118] In some examples, wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select long-term calculations of PLx (such as for multiple space reuse service cycles 722). For example, over a period of time, wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select a worst-case measurement of PLx, and can use the worst-case measurement of PLx to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select Ax instead of measuring the CTS RSSI in each space reuse service cycle 722. In such cases, wireless device 702-b can relinquish some transmission opportunities (TxOP) at the beginning of the set of space reuse service cycles until wireless device 702-b converges to a specific PLx value.

[0119] In some examples, wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select long-term calculations of interference from wireless device 702-a. For example, wireless device 702-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select interference statistics over a period of time experienced by wireless device 702-b, and can adjust the scheduling or rate adaptation applied in the spatial reuse service cycle 722 based on the interference statistics.

[0120] In some examples, wireless device 702-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select an interior zone client wireless device as a client wireless device with an MCS equal to or higher than a threshold (such as MCS5 or above). In some examples, a shared wireless device (such as wireless device 702-a) can calculate, determine, or identify that when sharing a service period with another BSS, the shared wireless device can reduce its MCS (such as reducing it by 1, making the worst-case MCS within the interior zone MCS4).

[0121] In some examples, wireless device 702-a may consider values ​​for all expected client wireless devices within the TBTT and take the minimum (A1-PL1-SIR) value to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the CSR-DL_P advertised in beacon 720. In some examples, wireless device 702-a may learn multiple (A1-PL1-SIR) values ​​over a period of time and may select the minimum (A1-PL1-SIR) value to advertise as CSR-DL_P in beacon 720.

[0122] Figure 8 An example of a signaling diagram 800 supporting service-cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse for uplink / uplink scenarios is shown. Signaling diagram 800 may implement aspects of wireless communication network 100, signaling diagram 500, or signaling diagram 600, or may be implemented by these aspects. For example, signaling diagram 800 includes wireless device 802-a and wireless device 802-b, which may be respectively implemented by… Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples of wireless devices 502 or 602 are described. Signaling diagram 800 may also include client wireless devices 804-a and 804-b, which may be respectively as described by... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples of client wireless devices 504 or 604 are described below. As shown, wireless device 802-a can serve client wireless devices in internal area 808-a and external area 810-a, and wireless device 802-b can serve client wireless devices in internal area 808-b and external area 810-b. Client wireless device 804-a can send communication 814-a to wireless device 802-a, and client wireless device 804-b can send communication 814-b to wireless device 802-b. Wireless device 802-a and client wireless device 804-a can be associated with BSS 806-a. Wireless device 802-b and client wireless device 804-b can be associated with BSS 806-b. In some examples, wireless device 802-a can mark client wireless device 804 associated with BSS 806-a as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device, as referenced. Figure 5 As described. Similarly, wireless device 802-b can identify the client wireless device 804 associated with BSS 806-b as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device, as described in the reference. Figure 5 As described.

[0123] Wireless device 802-a (which may be a shared wireless device) can transmit beacon 820, which announces a set of one or more space reuse service cycles. Wireless device 802-a can communicate with client wireless devices marked as internal client wireless devices in BSS 806-a during the space reuse service cycle. For example, the set of space reuse service cycles may include uplink space reuse service cycle 822-a and uplink space reuse service cycle 822-b. A regular service cycle 824 can be interleaved with uplink space reuse service cycles 822-a and 822-b. Wireless device 802-a may communicate with client wireless devices in external area 810-a (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 806-a and marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 824, or wireless device 802-b may communicate with client wireless devices in external area 810-b (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 806-b and marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 824. For example, beacon 820 may notify wireless device 802-b that it may communicate with client wireless devices in BSS 806-b during uplink space reuse service period 822 in accordance with space reuse criteria indicated in beacon 820. Wireless device 802-a may calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select parameters of internal area 808-a over a long period (e.g., as applicable to multiple space reuse service periods). For example, wireless device 802-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the worst-case path loss PL1 between wireless device 802-a and any point in internal zone 808-a. Wireless device 802-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the MCS cutoff (and therefore SINR) for client wireless devices in internal zone 808-a. For example, wireless device 802-a can communicate reference signals with client wireless devices served by wireless device 802-a to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the SINR (and therefore MCS) or path loss for each client wireless device served by wireless device 802-a. Wireless device 802-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the uplink transmit power S1 for communication 814-a, where communication 812-a is uplink communication from the highest MCS client within BSS 806-a. Client wireless devices (such as Client Wireless Device 804-b) can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select uplink transmit power Sx on a per-space reuse service cycle basis. EDCA operation can be assumed, and trigger-based operation can be allowed.

[0124] S1 may refer to the maximum allowed uplink transmit power within the uplink space reuse service period set 822 within BSS 806-a (such as for communication 814-b during uplink space reuse service period 822-a or uplink space reuse service period 822-b). Sx may refer to the uplink transmit power from the client radio device to radio device 802-b within the uplink space reuse service period set 822 within BSS 806-b (such as for communication 814-b during uplink space reuse service period 822-a or uplink space reuse service period 822-b). PL1 may refer to the worst-case path loss at any point in the internal area 808-a of radio device 802-a. PLx may refer to the path loss from client radio device 804-b to radio device 802-a. The acceptable SIR (which corresponds to the lowest SIR that wireless device 802-a can receive from client wireless device 804-a from uplink communication transmitted at power S1) can be given by SIR = (S1 - PL1) - (Sx - PLx), neglecting thermal noise for simplicity. For Sx, the equation SIR = (S1 - PL1) - (Sx - PLx) can be rearranged to Sx = (S1 - PL1 - SIR) + PLx. (S1 - PL1 - SIR) can be referred to as the Coordinated Spatial Reuse Uplink Parameter (CSR-UL_P) or interference threshold, and can be the maximum interference from client wireless device in BSS 806-b (the shared BSS) to wireless device 802-a (the sharing wireless device 802) during the spatial reuse service cycle. Wireless device 802-a can announce (S1 - PL1 - SIR) in beacon 820. Each client wireless device in BSS 806-b can measure PLx (such as in association with the uplink-granted RSSI transmitted by wireless device 802-a) at the beginning of each spatial reuse service cycle to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the uplink transmit power Sx.

[0125] As shown in timing diagram 840, wireless device 802-a may transmit beacon 820 indicating an interference threshold (CSR-UL_P) for the spatial reuse service cycle set 822. In some examples, wireless device 802-a may also indicate additional budgets for multiple shared BSSs 806 (e.g., if more than one shared BSS exists). Wireless devices in the shared BSSs (such as wireless device 802-b) may include an indication of CSR-UL_P in the beacon to indicate CSR-UL_P to client wireless devices in the shared BSS. In some examples, wireless device 802-a may also indicate an uplink reference power (U0) or maximum uplink transmit power for client wireless devices in interior area 808-a in beacon 820. Wireless devices in a shared BSS (such as wireless device 802-b) may include an indication of uplink reference power (U0) or maximum uplink transmit power in the beacon to indicate the uplink reference power (U0) or maximum uplink transmit power to client wireless devices in the shared BSS.

[0126] In the uplink space reuse service cycle 822-a within the space reuse service cycle set 822, radio device 802-a may send an uplink grant 826 (such as a coordinated space reuse grant) to one or more client radio devices (including client radio device 804-a), which includes an indication to use the uplink space reuse service cycle 822-a for one or more client radio devices. The uplink grant 826 may indicate the transmit power (Ct) for transmitting frames including the uplink grant 826. For example, the uplink grant 826 may be a trigger frame transmitted for client radio devices within BSS 806-a. As another example, the uplink grant 826 may be a CTSto self with a specific MAC address (in which case, the transmit power can be announced in beacon 820). Client radio devices (including client radio device 804-b) within BSS 806-b may measure the RSSI (Cr) of the uplink grant 826. Client radio devices in BSS 806-b (including client radio device 804-b) can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select PLx as follows: PLx = Ct - Cr. For example, radio device 802-b can receive and forward uplink grant 826, and client radio devices in BSS 806-b can receive and forward uplink grant 826 to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select Ct and Cr. Client radio devices in BSS 806-b (including client radio device 804-b) can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the transmit power Sx for uplink communication in uplink space reuse service cycle 822-a as Sx = CSR_UL_P + PLx.

[0127] In some examples, wireless device 802-b can, for example, use a signal strength measurement from beacon 820 to calculate the path loss PLY between wireless device 802-b and wireless device 802-a. Wireless device 802-b can indicate the path loss PLY to client wireless device 804-b. Client wireless device 804-b can apply an offset to PLY (such as based on an estimated distance between client wireless device 804-b and wireless device 802-b) to estimate PLx, i.e., the path loss between client wireless device 804-b and wireless device 802-a.

[0128] For example, client wireless device 804-b can transmit uplink PPDU 832-a and uplink PPDU 832-b that overlap with those transmitted by client wireless device 804-a during uplink space reuse service period 822-a. Therefore, the interference 818 at wireless device 802-a can be lower than the acceptable interference level indicated in beacon 820, i.e., the (S1-PL1-SIR) value. For example, the interference level is acceptable when the transmission power of uplink PPDU 832-a or uplink PPDU 832-b causes the received interference at wireless device 802-a with respect to uplink PPDU 828-a or uplink PPDU 828-b to be less than or equal to the signaled interference threshold (S1-PL1-SIR). The interference level is unacceptable when the transmit power of uplink PPDU 832-a or uplink PPDU 832-b causes the received interference at wireless device 802-a with respect to uplink PPDU 828-a or uplink PPDU 828-b to exceed the signaling interference threshold (S1-PL1-SIR). Wireless device 802-a may transmit BA 830 (such as BA 830-a for uplink PPDU 828-a and BA830-b for uplink PPDU 828-b) to uplink PPDU 828, and wireless device 802-b may transmit BA 834 (such as BA 834-a for uplink PPDU 832-a and BA 834-b for uplink PPDU 832-b) to uplink PPDU 832. Although BA 830 may conflict with BA 834, the impact is likely to be minimal due to downlink transmit power limitations, and such conflicts can therefore be ignored. Wireless device 802-b can ignore the NAV set by wireless device 802-a, for example, in uplink grant 826 for uplink space reuse service period 822-a.

[0129] Such as about Figure 7 and Figure 8 As described, in a beacon (such as beacon 720 or beacon 820) or in a management frame, a sharing radio device (such as radio device 702-a or radio device 802-a) may announce an uplink or downlink space reuse period and associated parameters, such as interference thresholds (such as (A1-PL1-SIR) for downlink or (S1-PL1-SIR) for uplink) and a reference or maximum uplink transmit power (such as U0). The shared radio device (such as radio device 702-b and radio device 802-b) may include an indication of the announced uplink or downlink space reuse period or associated parameters in the OBSS service period information in the beacon transmitted by the shared radio device. At the beginning of each space reuse service period, for a downlink space reuse service period, the shared radio device (such as radio device 702-b) can measure the CTS response from the client radio device of the sharing radio device to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power for the shared radio device for that space reuse service period. At the beginning of each space reuse service period, for an uplink space reuse service period, the client radio device in the shared BSS can measure the uplink permission (such as coordinated space reuse permission or CTS-to-self) from the sharing radio device (such as radio device 802-a) to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the uplink transmit power. Compared to TXOP-based coordinated space reuse schemes, this type of long-term coordinated space reuse scheme involves less signaling overhead. Compared to TXOP-based coordinated space reuse schemes, long-term coordinated space reuse schemes are also more compatible with EDCA-based uplink operations, because TXOP-based coordinated space reuse may involve strict control over which client wireless devices can transmit and at what transmission power.

[0130] Shared radio devices (such as radio device 702-a or radio device 802-a) can organize or label client radio devices as being in an internal or external area based on spatial reuse criteria. In some examples, allowed SINRs can be used to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select spatial reuse criteria for client radio devices in an internal area. In some examples, service periods can be labeled to indicate whether spatial reuse is allowed. For example, a beacon from the shared radio device can indicate whether spatial reuse is allowed or whether each spatial reuse service period is classified as downlink or uplink, for example, for a QoS PPDU. The shared radio device can announce which specific OBSSs are allowed to be reused by the shared radio device on specific spatial reuse service periods (e.g., an OBSS AP identifier can be associated with a spatial reuse service period in the announcement beacon). An OBSS AP (such as radio device 702-b) can measure the RSSI of multiple CTS messages (or similar frames) from different client radio devices of the shared radio device to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select reuse transmit power Ax. For example, an OBSS AP can use the maximum power from different CTSs to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the reuse transmit power. In some examples, the shared wireless device can learn long-term values ​​of inter-BSS path loss to use as a criterion during spatial reuse service cycles, rather than performing reuse based on packets from the sharing wireless device (such as calculating, determining, obtaining, identifying, or selecting Ax or Sx in each spatial reuse service cycle). In some examples, the shared wireless device can learn long-term values ​​of interference from the sharing wireless device to select client wireless devices to serve and associated parameters (such as MCS, bandwidth, number of spatial streams) during spatial reuse service cycles.

[0131] Figure 9 An example of a signaling diagram 900 supporting service-cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse for uplink / downlink scenarios is shown. Signaling diagram 900 may implement aspects of wireless communication network 100, signaling diagram 500, or signaling diagram 600, or may be implemented by these aspects. For example, signaling diagram 900 includes wireless device 902-a and wireless device 902-b, which may be respectively implemented by… Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples of wireless devices 502 or 602 are described. Signaling diagram 900 may also include client wireless devices 904-a and 904-b, which may be respectively as described by... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Examples and references Figure 5 and Figure 6Examples of client wireless devices 504 or 604 are described below. As shown, wireless device 902-a can serve client wireless devices in internal area 908-a and external area 910-a, and wireless device 902-b can serve client wireless devices in internal area 908-b and external area 910-b. Wireless device 902-a can send communication 912 to client wireless device 904-a, and client wireless device 904-b can send communication 914 to wireless device 902-b. Wireless device 902-a and client wireless device 904-a can be associated with BSS 906-a. Wireless device 902-b and client wireless device 904-b can be associated with BSS 906-b. In some examples, wireless device 902-a can mark client wireless device 904 associated with BSS 906-a as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 As described. Similarly, wireless device 902-b can identify the client wireless device 904 associated with BSS 906-b as an internal or external client wireless device based on the corresponding MCS or signal strength used for communication with the client wireless device, as described in the reference. Figure 5 As described.

[0132] Wireless device 902-a (which may be a shared wireless device) can transmit beacon 920, which announces a set of one or more space reuse service cycles 922. Wireless device 902-a can communicate with client wireless devices marked as internal client wireless devices in BSS 906-a during the space reuse service cycle. For example, the space reuse service cycle set may include space reuse service cycle 922-a and space reuse service cycle 922-b. The space reuse service cycle set can be used for downlink transmission in BSS 906-a and uplink transmission in BSS 906-b. A regular service cycle 924 can be interleaved with space reuse service cycles 922-a and 922-b. Wireless device 902-a may communicate with client wireless devices in external area 910-a (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 906-a that are marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 924, or wireless device 902-b may communicate with client wireless devices in external area 910-b (such as client wireless devices associated with BSS 906-b that are marked as external client wireless devices) during regular service period 924. For example, beacon 920 may notify wireless device 902-b that it may communicate with client wireless devices in BSS 906-b during space reuse service period 922 in accordance with space reuse criteria indicated in beacon 920.

[0133] Wireless device 902-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select parameters of internal zone 908-a over a long period (e.g., as applicable to multiple spatial reuse service cycles). For example, wireless device 902-a can determine the worst-case path loss PL1 between wireless device 902-a and any point in internal zone 908-a. Wireless device 902-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the MCS cutoff (and therefore SINR) for client wireless devices in internal zone 908-a. For example, wireless device 902-a can communicate reference signals with client wireless devices served by wireless device 902-a to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the SINR (and therefore MCS) or path loss for each client wireless device served by wireless device 902-a. Wireless device 902-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the downlink transmit power A1 for communication 912, where communication 912 is downlink communication to the highest MCS client within BSS 906-a. Client wireless devices (such as client wireless device 904-b) can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select uplink transmit power Sx on a per spatial reuse service cycle basis.

[0134] A1 can refer to the downlink transmit power of wireless device 902-a for communication in the inner zone 908-a of the highest MCS within BSS 906-a during a space reuse service period. Sx can refer to the uplink transmit power from the client wireless device to wireless device 902-b within the space reuse service period set 922 within BSS 906-b (such as for communication 914 during space reuse service period 922-a or space reuse service period 922-b). PL1 can refer to the worst-case path loss at any point in the inner zone 908-a of wireless device 902-a. PLx can refer to the path loss from wireless device 902-a to wireless device 902-b. Wireless device 902-a can declare an acceptable interference threshold, which may be referred to as the Coordinated Space Reuse Parameter (CSR_P), and CSR_P = SIR_s1 - A1 + 2 PL1. As shown in the figure, CSR_P can be a function of the expected worst-case SIR (SIR_1), the transmit power of wireless device 902-a, and the path loss to client wireless device 904 at the edge of internal area 908-a.

[0135] As shown in timing diagram 940, wireless device 902-a can transmit a beacon 920 indicating a set of multiple space reuse service periods 922 and a CSR_P. The beacon 920 can also indicate the beacon or management frame transmit power. In some examples, the beacon 920 can also indicate which BSSs are allowed to transmit during each space reuse service period 922. For example, depending on whether the budget from multiple BSSs 906 has been considered for SIR_s1, wireless device 902-a can restrict the use of space reuse service periods 922. Wireless device 902-b can identify PLx, which can be equal to the declared beacon transmit power minus the measured RSSI of the beacon 920.

[0136] In each space reuse service cycle, wireless device 902-a can ensure that the maximum downlink transmit power (such as for downlink PPDU 928-a and downlink PPDU 928-b) in the space reuse service cycle 922-a is A1. Wireless device 902-b can identify the maximum uplink transmit power S2 for each space reuse service cycle 922 as S2=PLx-CSR_P-PL2, where CSR_P=PLx-S2-PL2. PL2 can be calculated, determined, obtained, identified, or selected based on the size of the internal area 908-b. For example, wireless device 902-b can communicate reference signals with client wireless devices in BSS 906-b to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select PL2. Wireless device 902-b can send a beacon or management frame 926 indicating a threshold (such as an MCS threshold) that indicates whether a client wireless device in BSS 906-a is in internal area 908-a and the maximum transmit power S2 allowed during space reuse service period 922-a.

[0137] Each client radio device (including client radio device 904-b) in BSS 906-a can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select whether the corresponding client radio device is in internal area 908-b, and is therefore permitted to transmit in spatial reuse service period 922-a. Client radio devices in internal area 908-b can obtain PL2 and the beacon transmit power of beacon 920 from the beacon or management frame 926, and can be considered to be in internal area 908-a if (Tx power - PL2) > a threshold, where the threshold can be the threshold indicated in the beacon or management frame 926. For example, depending on moving or changing channel conditions, some client radio devices may be in internal areas during some spatial reuse periods but not during others. For example, client radio device 904-b may be in internal area 908-a during spatial reuse service period 922-a but not during spatial reuse service period 922-b.

[0138] If the client wireless device calculates, determines, or ascertains that it is in the inner zone 908-a during the spatial reuse service period 922-a, the client wireless device may transmit communication 914 during the spatial reuse service period 922-a in accordance with the maximum uplink power criterion indicated in beacon 920. For example, client wireless device 904-a may transmit uplink PPDU 932-a and uplink PPDU 932-b during the spatial reuse service period 922-a. Therefore, the interference 918 caused by the transmission of uplink PPDU 932 at client wireless device 904-a for the reception of downlink PPDU 928 may be within or below the acceptable level indicated by the interference threshold in beacon 920. Client wireless device 904-a may complete the uplink transmission before the end of the spatial reuse service period 922-a.

[0139] Figure 10 An example of a process flow 1000 supporting coordinated space reuse based on service cycles is shown. Process flow 1000 includes a first wireless device 1002-a and a second wireless device 1002-b. For example, the first wireless device 1002-a may be as follows: Figure 1 Examples and references Figure 1 The described AP 102 or STA 104 (such as a STA operating as a soft AP), and the second wireless device 1002-b can be as follows: Figure 1 Examples and references Figure 1 The described AP 102 or STA 104 (such as a STA operating as a soft AP). For example, the first wireless device 1002-a can be as described by... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The described wireless devices are 502-a, 602-a, 702-a, 802-a, or 902-a. The second wireless device 1002-b can be, respectively, as described by... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The described wireless device is 502-b, 602-b, 702-b, 802-b, or 902-b. The process also includes a first client wireless device 1004-a and a second client wireless device 1004-b. For example, the first client wireless device 1004-a and the second client wireless device 1004-b can be as follows: Figure 1 Examples and references Figure 1 The STA 104 described. For example, the first client wireless device 1004-a can be respectively as... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The described client wireless device is 504-a, 604-a, 704-a, 804-a, or 904-a. The second client wireless device 1004-b can be, respectively, as described by... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9The client wireless devices described are 504-b, 604-b, 704-b, 804-b, or 904-b. For example, a first wireless device 1002-a and a first client wireless device 1004-a may be associated with a first BSS, and a second wireless device 1002-b and a second client wireless device 1004-b may be associated with a second BSS. In the following description of process flow 1000, operations between the first wireless device 1002-a, the second wireless device 1002-b, the first client wireless device 1004-a, and the second client wireless device 1004-b may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or operations performed by the first wireless device 1002-a, the second wireless device 1002-b, the first client wireless device 1004-a, and the second client wireless device 1004-b may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations can be omitted from process flow 1000, and other operations can be added to process flow 1000.

[0140] At point 1006, the first wireless device 1002-a can send a first control message to the second wireless device 1002-b, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods. For example, the first control message may be as follows: Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The beacon 720, beacon 820, or beacon 920 described. A service period designated for space reuse may also be referred to as a space reuse service period.

[0141] At 1008, the second wireless device 1002-b may send a first control message to one or more client wireless devices (including the second client wireless device 1004-b) in the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with one or more service periods.

[0142] At 1010, during the first service period of one or more service periods designated for space reuse, the first wireless device 1002-a may send a second control message. The second control message may be received by the second wireless device 1002-b or the first client wireless device 1004-a.

[0143] At 1012, the first wireless device 1002-a can communicate with one or more client wireless devices (including the first client wireless device 1004-a) in the first BSS during the first service period, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on an interference threshold. In some examples, one or more client wireless devices meet an MCS threshold or a SINR threshold (such as in [the context of the first service period]). Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The described internal regions 508-a, 608-a, 708-a, 808-a, or 908-a). In some examples, the first wireless device 1002-a may be used in another service cycle not designated for spatial reuse with an MCS threshold or SINR threshold not met (such as in the case of...). Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples and references Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 It communicates with one or more other client wireless devices in the described external zones 510-a, 610-a, 710-a, 810-a or 910-a.

[0144] At 1014, the second wireless device 1002-b may communicate with one or more client wireless devices (including the second client wireless device 1004-b) in the second BSS during the first service period, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on an interference threshold and path loss associated with the second control message. The communication at 1014 may be concurrent with or overlap with the communication at 1012.

[0145] For example, in downlink / downlink scenarios (such as when the first service period is a downlink / downlink spatial reuse service period), the second control message can be a MU-RTS message, and the second wireless device 1002-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the RSSI of the CTS message sent by the client wireless device of the first wireless device 1002-a in response to the MU-RTS message. The second wireless device 1002-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss PLx based on the RSSI of the CTS message, and the corresponding transmit power of the communication at 1014 can be associated with the path loss PLx and the interference threshold (CSR_DL_P).

[0146] As another example, for uplink / uplink scenarios (such as when the first service period is an uplink / uplink space reuse service period), the second control message may be an uplink grant for one or more client radio devices in the first BSS, which the second radio device 1002-b may forward to the second client radio device 1004-b. The second client radio device 1004-b may measure the RSSI of the uplink grant to calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss PLx, and the uplink transmit power at 1014 may be correlated with the path loss PLx and the interference threshold (CSR_UL_P).

[0147] As another example, in an uplink / downlink scenario (such as when the first service period is used for downlink by the first BSS and for uplink by the second BSS), the second wireless device 1002-b can calculate, determine, obtain, identify, or select the path loss PLx between the first wireless device 1002-a and the second wireless device 1002-b based on the beacon transmit power. The second wireless device 1002-b can indicate the maximum permissible uplink transmit power in the beacon based on the calculated, determined, obtained, identified, or selected PLx, the indicated interference threshold (CSR_P), and the path loss criterion for client wireless devices in the second BSS (such as when PL2 < threshold). The client wireless device in the second BSS can calculate, determine, identify, or select whether the path loss criterion is met, and if so, can transmit uplink communication to the second wireless device 1002-b at 1014 in the first service period, while the first wireless device 1002-a can transmit downlink communication to the client wireless device at 1012 in the first service period.

[0148] Figure 11 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1100 supporting service cycle-based coordinated space reuse is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1100 is configured to perform separate references Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 The processes 1200, 1300, and 1400 are described. Wireless communication device 1100 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 1100 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, allowing wireless communication device 1100 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, allowing wireless communication device 1100 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0149] The processing system of the wireless communication device 1100 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (such as a 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include or be coupled to multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0150] In some examples, wireless communication device 1100 may be configured to be used for or configured to be used in an AP or STA (such as a STA operating as a soft AP) (such as reference). Figure 1This is used in the described AP 102 or STA 104. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1100 may be an AP or STA that includes such a processing system as well as other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 1100 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 1100 may be configured or be configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1100 may be configured or be configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1100 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may also be coupled to one or more other memories. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1100 also includes a user interface (UI) (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display that may be integrated with the UI to form a touchscreen display coupled to the processing system. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1100 may also include one or more sensors, such as one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors coupled to the processing system. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1100 also includes at least one external network interface coupled to the processing system, which enables communication with a core network or backhaul network that allows the wireless communication device 1100 to access external networks, including the Internet.

[0151] According to the examples disclosed herein, communication manager 1120 can support wireless communication at a wireless communication device. Wireless communication device 1100 includes a space reuse service cycle manager 1125, a control message manager 1130, a BSS communication manager 1135, a path loss manager 1140, a NAV manager 1145, and an RSSI measurement manager 1150. A portion of one or more of the space reuse service cycle manager 1125, control message manager 1130, BSS communication manager 1135, path loss manager 1140, NAV manager 1145, and RSSI measurement manager 1150 can be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the space reuse service cycle manager 1125, control message manager 1130, BSS communication manager 1135, path loss manager 1140, NAV manager 1145, and RSSI measurement manager 1150 can be implemented at least partially by a processor or modem. In some examples, portions of one or more of the Space Reuse Service Cycle Manager 1125, Control Message Manager 1130, BSS Communication Manager 1135, Path Loss Manager 1140, NAV Manager 1145, and RSSI Measurement Manager 1150 may be implemented at least in part by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0152] Wireless communication device 1100 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. Spatial reuse service cycle manager 1125 can be configured or configured to send a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service cycles or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service cycles or one or more TXOPs. Control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to send a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with a first BSS during a first service cycle of one or more service cycles or during a first TXOP of one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices. BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to communicate with one or more third wireless devices during a first service cycle or during a first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0153] In some examples, one or more third-party wireless devices meet the MCS threshold.

[0154] In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to communicate with one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS during a second service period using an MCS below the MCS threshold, wherein the second service period differs from one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period follows the first service period and precedes a third service period in one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0155] In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured to or be configured to mark one or more third wireless devices as internal client devices; and to mark one or more fourth wireless devices as external client devices, wherein one or more service cycles designated for space reuse are associated with communication with internal client devices, and wherein a second service cycle is associated with communication with external client devices.

[0156] In some examples, the interference threshold is based on the maximum path loss between the first wireless device and one or more third wireless devices and the maximum transmit power in the corresponding transmit power.

[0157] In some examples, to support the sending of a second control message, the control message manager 1130 can be configured to or be configured to send multi-user request delivery messages, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to one or more third wireless devices.

[0158] In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured to, or be configured to, receive one or more corresponding allow transmission messages from one or more third wireless devices in response to a multi-user request transmission message, wherein the transmission of one or more corresponding downlink data communications is in response to the reception of one or more corresponding allow transmission messages.

[0159] In some examples, to support the sending of a second control message, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or be configured to send uplink permission to one or more third wireless devices, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from one or more third wireless devices.

[0160] In some examples, the first control message indicates either the downlink or uplink direction of data communication associated with each of one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0161] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device 1100 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, the spatial reuse service cycle manager 1125 can be configured or configured to receive a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service cycles or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service cycles or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse. In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to receive a second control message from the first wireless device during a first service cycle in one or more service cycles or during a first TXOP in one or more TXOPs. In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to communicate with one or more third wireless devices during a first service cycle or during a first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

[0162] In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to receive one or more corresponding transmission allow messages from one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is a multi-user request transmission message, and wherein one or more corresponding transmission allow messages are in response to the multi-user request transmission message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is identified from one or more corresponding path losses associated with one or more corresponding transmission allow messages, and wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to one or more third wireless devices.

[0163] In some examples, the path loss manager 1140 can be configured or configured to receive indications of one or more corresponding path losses between a first wireless device and one or more third wireless devices, wherein the maximum path loss is identified from one or more corresponding path losses.

[0164] In some examples, the path loss manager 1140 can be configured to or be configured to measure one or more corresponding RSSIs of one or more corresponding allowed transmission messages, wherein the one or more corresponding path losses are associated with one or more corresponding RSSIs and a reference transmission power indicated in a first control message.

[0165] In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to receive uplink grants from a first wireless device for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is an uplink grant. In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to forward uplink grants to one or more third wireless devices.

[0166] In some examples, the path loss manager 1140 can be configured or configured to measure the transmission power of a second control message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is associated with the transmission power. In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to transmit the maximum transmission power for a first service period to one or more third wireless devices based on the transmission power and an interference threshold, wherein communicating with one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from one or more third wireless devices, and wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power.

[0167] In some examples, the NAV manager 1145 can be configured or be configured to receive from a first wireless device an indication of a first network allocation vector associated with a first BSS for a first service period, wherein communication is made with one or more third wireless devices according to a second network allocation vector associated with a second BSS.

[0168] In some examples, the first control message indicates either the downlink or uplink direction of data communication associated with each of one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0169] In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to communicate with one or more third wireless devices during a second service period, wherein the second service period is different from one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period follows the first service period and precedes the third service period in one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0170] In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured to, or be configured to, send a third control message to one or more third wireless devices in response to a first control message and before a first service period, the third control message indicating one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0171] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device 1100 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, the spatial reuse service cycle manager 1125 can be configured or configured to receive a first control message from a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service cycles designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse of a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service cycles or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse. In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured or configured to communicate with the second wireless device during a first service cycle of one or more service cycles or during a first TXOP of one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0172] In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to receive forwarding uplink permission from the first wireless device for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS during a first service period, wherein transmit power is associated with the forwarding uplink permission, and wherein communicating with the second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device.

[0173] In some examples, the RSSI measurement manager 1150 can be configured to, or be configured to, measure the RSSI granted for forwarding uplink, where transmit power is determined based on the RSSI.

[0174] In some examples, the control message manager 1130 can be configured or configured to receive a second control message from a second wireless device during a first service period, the second control message indicating the maximum transmit power for the first service period, wherein communicating with the second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device, and wherein the transmit power is less than or equal to the maximum transmit power.

[0175] In some examples, to support communication with a second wireless device, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured to or be configured to receive downlink data communication.

[0176] In some examples, the first control message indicates either the downlink or uplink direction of data communication associated with each of one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0177] In some examples, the BSS communication manager 1135 can be configured to, or be configured to, communicate with a second wireless device during a second service period, wherein the second service period is different from one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period follows the first service period and precedes a third service period in one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0178] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1200 that can be performed by or at a first wireless device associated with a first BSS supporting service cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse is shown. Operation of process 1200 can be implemented by the first wireless device or its components associated with the first BSS as described herein. For example, process 1200 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as a reference wireless communication device) operating as a wireless AP or wireless STA (e.g., a STA operating as a soft AP) or within that wireless AP or wireless STA. Figure 11 The described wireless communication device 1100) performs the procedure. In some examples, the procedure 1200 may be performed by a wireless AP or a wireless STA (such as reference 1100). Figure 1 (either AP 102 or STA 104 as described) to perform.

[0179] In some examples, in block 1205, a first radio device associated with a first BSS can send a first control message to a second radio device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs. Operation of block 1205 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1205 can be as described in references... Figure 11 The described space reuse service lifecycle manager 1125 is used to perform this.

[0180] In some examples, in block 1210, a first wireless device associated with a first BSS may send a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during a first service period in one or more service periods or during a first TXOP in one or more TXOPs. The second control message includes an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices. Operation of block 1210 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1210 may be as described in references... Figure 11 The control message manager 1130 described is used to execute this.

[0181] In some examples, in block 1215, a first wireless device associated with a first BSS may communicate with one or more third wireless devices during a first service period or during a first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on an interference threshold. Operation of block 1215 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1215 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The BSS communication manager 1135 described is used to execute this.

[0182] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a process 1300 supporting coordinated space reuse based on service cycles is shown. Operation of process 1300 may be implemented by, or at, a second wireless device or component thereof associated with the second BSS as described herein. For example, operation of process 1300 may be implemented by a wireless communication device (such as a reference wireless communication device) operating as a wireless AP or wireless STA (e.g., a STA operating as a soft AP) or within that wireless AP or wireless STA. Figure 11 The described wireless communication device 1100) performs the procedure. In some examples, the procedure 1300 may be performed by a wireless AP or a wireless STA (such as reference 1100). Figure 1 (either AP 102 or STA 104 as described) to perform.

[0183] In some examples, at block 1305, the method may include receiving a first control message from a first radio device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for space reuse. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1305 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein.

[0184] In some examples, in block 1310, the method may include receiving a second control message from a first wireless device during a first service period in one or more service periods or during a first TXOP in one or more TXOPs. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1310 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein.

[0185] In some examples, in block 1315, the method may include communicating with one or more third wireless devices during a first service period or during a first TXOP, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on an interference threshold and path loss associated with a second control message. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein.

[0186] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1400 that can be performed by or at a third wireless device associated with a second BSS supporting service cycle-based coordinated spatial reuse is shown. Operation of process 1400 can be implemented by a third wireless device or a component thereof associated with the second BSS as described herein. For example, process 1400 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as reference _____) operating as a wireless AP or wireless STA or within that wireless AP or wireless STA. Figure 11 The described wireless communication device 1100) performs the procedure. In some examples, the process 1400 may be performed by a wireless AP or a wireless STA (such as reference 1100). Figure 1 (either AP 102 or STA 104 as described) to perform.

[0187] In some examples, in block 1405, a third radio device associated with the second BSS can receive a first control message from a second radio device associated with the second BSS. This first control message indicates one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with the first radio device associated with the first BSS, and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or TXOPs designated for spatial reuse. Operation of block 1405 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1405 can be derived from references... Figure 11 The described space reuse service lifecycle manager 1125 is used to perform this.

[0188] In some examples, in block 1410, a third wireless device associated with the second BSS may communicate with the second wireless device during a first service period in one or more service periods or during a first TXOP in one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on an interference threshold. Operation of block 1410 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 1410 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The BSS sending manager 1135 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0189] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0190] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the method comprising: sending a first control message to a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs; sending a second control message to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS during a first service period of the one or more service periods or during a first TXOP of the one or more TXOPs, the second control message including an indication of service for the one or more third wireless devices; and communicating with the one or more third wireless devices during the first service period, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0191] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the one or more third wireless devices satisfy the MCS threshold.

[0192] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, the method further comprising: using an MCS below the MCS threshold to communicate with one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS during a second service period, wherein the second service period is different from the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse, and wherein the second service period is after the first service period and before a third service period in the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse.

[0193] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 3, the method further includes: marking the one or more third wireless devices as internal client devices; and marking the one or more fourth wireless devices as external client devices, wherein the one or more service cycles designated for space reuse are associated with communication with the internal client devices, and wherein the second service cycle is associated with communication with the external client devices.

[0194] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the interference threshold is based on the maximum path loss between the first wireless device and the one or more third wireless devices and the maximum transmission power among the respective transmission powers.

[0195] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, the method further includes: receiving an indication of one or more corresponding path losses between the first wireless device and the one or more third wireless devices, wherein the maximum path loss is identified from the one or more corresponding path losses.

[0196] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein sending the second control message comprises: sending a MU-RTS message, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices comprises sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to the one or more third wireless devices.

[0197] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 7, the method further includes: receiving one or more corresponding CTS messages from the one or more third wireless devices in response to the MU-RTS message, wherein the transmission of the one or more corresponding downlink data communications is in response to the reception of the one or more corresponding CTS messages.

[0198] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein sending the second control message includes: sending uplink permission to the one or more third wireless devices, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from the one or more third wireless devices.

[0199] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the first control message indicates either a downlink direction or an uplink direction of data communication associated with each of the one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0200] Aspect 11: A method for wireless communication by a second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the method comprising: receiving a first control message from a first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse; receiving a second control message from the first wireless device during a first service period in the one or more service periods or during a first TXOP in the one or more TXOPs; and communicating with one or more third wireless devices during the first service period, wherein the corresponding transmit power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and a path loss associated with the second control message.

[0201] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, the method further comprising: receiving one or more corresponding CTS messages from one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is a MU-RTS message, and wherein the one or more corresponding CTS messages are in response to the MU-RTS message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is identified from one or more corresponding path losses associated with the one or more corresponding CTS messages, and wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to the one or more third wireless devices.

[0202] Aspect 13: According to the method of aspect 12, the method further includes: measuring one or more corresponding RSSIs of the one or more corresponding CTS messages, wherein the one or more corresponding path losses are associated with the one or more corresponding RSSIs and a reference transmission power indicated in the first control message.

[0203] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 11, the method further comprising: receiving from the first wireless device an uplink grant for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is the uplink grant; and forwarding the uplink grant to the one or more third wireless devices.

[0204] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 11, the method further comprising: measuring the transmission power of the second control message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is associated with the transmission power; and transmitting a maximum transmission power for the first service period to the one or more third wireless devices based on the transmission power and the interference threshold, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from the one or more third wireless devices, and wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communications is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power.

[0205] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 15, the method further comprising: receiving from the first wireless device an indication of a first network allocation vector associated with a first BSS for the first service period, wherein communication with the one or more third wireless devices is based on a second network allocation vector associated with the second BSS.

[0206] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 16, wherein the first control message indicates either a downlink direction or an uplink direction of data communication associated with each of the one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0207] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 17, the method further comprising: communicating with the one or more third wireless devices during a second service period, wherein the second service period is different from the one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period is after the first service period and before a third service period in the one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0208] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 18, the method further comprising: in response to the first control message and before the first service period, sending a third control message to the one or more third wireless devices, the third control message indicating the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse.

[0209] Aspect 20: A method for wireless communication by a third wireless device associated with a second BSS, the method comprising: receiving a first control message from a second wireless device associated with the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or one or more TXOPs designated for spatial reuse with a first wireless device associated with a first BSS and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods designated for spatial reuse or the one or more TXOPs; and communicating with the second wireless device during a first service period in the one or more service periods or during a first TXOP in the one or more TXOPs, wherein the transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

[0210] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20, the method further comprising: receiving from the first wireless device during the first service period a forwarding uplink permission for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the transmit power is associated with the forwarding uplink permission, and wherein communicating with the second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device.

[0211] Aspect 22: According to the method of aspect 21, the method further includes: measuring the RSSI of the forwarding uplink permission, wherein the transmit power is determined based on the RSSI.

[0212] Aspect 23: The method according to aspect 20, the method further comprising: receiving a second control message from the second wireless device during the first service period, the second control message indicating a maximum transmission power for the first service period, wherein communicating with the second wireless device includes sending uplink communication to the second wireless device, and wherein the transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power.

[0213] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 20, communicating with the second wireless device includes: receiving downlink data communication.

[0214] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 24, wherein the first control message indicates either a downlink direction or an uplink direction of data communication associated with each of the one or more service cycles designated for space reuse.

[0215] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 20 to 25, the method further comprising: communicating with the second wireless device during a second service period, wherein the second service period is different from the one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period is after the first service period and before a third service period in the one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

[0216] Aspect 27: A first wireless device associated with a first BSS, the first wireless device including a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the first wireless device to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0217] Aspect 28: A first wireless device associated with a first BSS for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0218] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0219] Aspect 30: A second wireless device associated with a second BSS, the second wireless device including a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the first wireless device to perform the method according to any one of aspects 11 to 19.

[0220] Aspect 31: A second wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication, the second wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 11 to 19.

[0221] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 11 to 19.

[0222] Aspect 33: A third wireless device associated with a second BSS, the third wireless device including a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the first wireless device to perform the method according to any one of aspects 20 to 26.

[0223] Aspect 34: A third wireless device associated with a second BSS for wireless communication, the third wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 20 to 26.

[0224] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform a method according to any one of aspects 20 to 26.

[0225] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, estimation, investigation, searching (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, probing, or measurement, among other possibilities. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), or sending (such as sending information), among other possibilities. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0226] As used in this article, the term "communication" means sending, receiving, or sending and receiving concurrently.

[0227] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc. As used herein, “or” is intended to be interpreted as inclusive unless otherwise explicitly stated. For example, “a or b” could include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase referring to “one” element means one or more of such elements that act individually or collectively to perform the stated function. Additionally, “set” refers to one or more items, and “subset” refers to less than the entire set, but not empty.

[0228] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context means “based on only one” or an equivalent, whether it is “based on one” or “at least partially based on one”, it may be based solely on “one” or based on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.

[0229] The various exemplary components, logic units, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the examples disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of its functionality and exemplified in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether this functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0230] Various modifications to the examples described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the examples shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0231] Additionally, the various features described in this specification in the context of individual examples may also be implemented in combination in a single specific embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single specific embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple examples. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination, and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations of sub-combinations.

[0232] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the diagrams, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the accompanying figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or flow diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the examples described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all examples, but rather should be understood as meaning that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or encapsulated in multiple software products.

Claims

1. A first wireless device associated with a first basic service set (BSS), the first wireless device comprising: The processing system, including processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the first wireless device to: Send a first control message to a second wireless device associated with the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more transmission opportunities designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more transmission opportunities; During a first service period of the one or more service periods or during a first transmission opportunity of the one or more transmission opportunities, a second control message is sent to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS, the second control message including an indication for service for the one or more third wireless devices; as well as During the first service period or during the first transmission opportunity, communication is conducted with the one or more third wireless devices, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

2. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more third wireless devices satisfy a modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) threshold.

3. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: During a second service period, an MCS below the MCS threshold is used to communicate with one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second service period is different from the one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period follows the first service period and precedes a third service period in the one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

4. The first wireless device according to claim 3, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: Mark the one or more third wireless devices as internal client devices; and The one or more fourth wireless devices are designated as external client devices, wherein the one or more service cycles designated for space reuse are associated with communication with the internal client devices, and wherein the second service cycle is associated with communication with the external client devices.

5. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the interference threshold is based on the maximum path loss between the first wireless device and the one or more third wireless devices and the maximum transmission power among the corresponding transmission powers.

6. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the second control message, the processing system is configured to cause the first wireless device to: Sending a multi-user request transmission message, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to the one or more third wireless devices.

7. The first wireless device of claim 6, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: In response to the multi-user request to transmit message, one or more corresponding allow transmission messages are received from the one or more third wireless devices, wherein the transmission of the one or more corresponding downlink data communications is in response to the reception of the one or more corresponding allow transmission messages.

8. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the second control message, the processing system is configured to cause the first wireless device to: Sending uplink permission to the one or more third wireless devices, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from the one or more third wireless devices.

9. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first control message indicates either a downlink direction or an uplink direction of data communication associated with each of the one or more service cycles designated for spatial reuse.

10. A second wireless device associated with a second basic service set (BSS), the second wireless device comprising: The processing system, including processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the second wireless device to: A first control message is received from a first radio device associated with a first BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more transmission opportunities designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or one or more transmission opportunities designated for space reuse. During a first service period in one or more service periods or during a first transmission opportunity in one or more transmission opportunities, a second control message is received from the first wireless device. as well as During the first service period or during the first transmission opportunity, communication is conducted with one or more third wireless devices, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold and the path loss associated with the second control message.

11. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Receive one or more corresponding transmission allow messages from one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is a multi-user request transmission message, and wherein the one or more corresponding transmission allow messages are in response to the multi-user request transmission message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is identified from one or more corresponding path losses associated with the one or more corresponding transmission allow messages, and wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes sending one or more corresponding downlink data communications to the one or more third wireless devices.

12. The second wireless device of claim 11, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Receive an indication of the one or more corresponding path losses between the first wireless device and the one or more third wireless devices.

13. The second wireless device of claim 11, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Measure one or more corresponding received signal strength indicators of the one or more corresponding authorized transmission messages, wherein the one or more corresponding path loss is associated with the one or more corresponding received signal strength indicators and the reference transmit power indicated in the first control message.

14. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Receive uplink permission from the first wireless device for one or more fourth wireless devices associated with the first BSS, wherein the second control message is the uplink permission; and Forward the uplink permission to the one or more third wireless devices.

15. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Measure the transmission power of the second control message, wherein the path loss associated with the second control message is associated with the transmission power; and The maximum transmission power for the first service period is transmitted to the one or more third wireless devices based on the transmission power and the interference threshold, wherein communicating with the one or more third wireless devices includes receiving one or more corresponding uplink data communications from the one or more third wireless devices, and wherein the transmission power of the corresponding communications is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power.

16. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: Receives an indication from the first wireless device of a first network allocation vector associated with the first BSS for the first service period, wherein communication with the one or more third wireless devices is based on a second network allocation vector associated with the second BSS.

17. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the first control message indicates either a downlink direction or an uplink direction of data communication associated with each of the one or more service cycles designated for spatial reuse.

18. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: During a second service period, communication is conducted with the one or more third wireless devices, wherein the second service period is different from the one or more service periods designated for space reuse, and wherein the second service period follows the first service period and precedes a third service period in the one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

19. The second wireless device of claim 10, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the second wireless device to: In response to the first control message and before the first service period, a third control message is sent to the one or more third wireless devices, the third control message indicating the one or more service periods designated for space reuse.

20. A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device associated with a first basic service set (BSS), the method comprising: Send a first control message to a second wireless device associated with the second BSS, the first control message indicating one or more service periods or one or more transmission opportunities designated for space reuse and an interference threshold associated with the one or more service periods or the one or more transmission opportunities; During a first service period of the one or more service periods or during a first transmission opportunity of the one or more transmission opportunities, a second control message is sent to one or more third wireless devices associated with the first BSS, the second control message including an indication for service for the one or more third wireless devices; as well as During the first service period or during the first transmission opportunity, communication is conducted with the one or more third wireless devices, wherein the corresponding transmission power of the communication is based on the interference threshold.

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