Grass carp and black carp overwintering feed and production method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to grass carp and black carp overwintering feed and a production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. According to the overwintering feed for the grass carps and the black carps, the food calling performance, the nutrition performance and the functionality of the overwintering feed are greatly improved through winter nutrition adaptation, health-care factor addition and a microbial fermentation technology, physical recovery and physique enhancement of the overwintering fishes are facilitated, and therefore the prevention effect on the overwintering syndromes is achieved; the problems that an existing overwintering feed cannot effectively provide nutrition and energy for overwintering fishes and is not easy to digest and absorb are solved, and the feed is particularly suitable for overwintering feeding of grass carps and black carps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a winter feed for grass carp and black carp and its production method, belonging to the field of fish feed technology. Background Technology

[0002] Grass carp, black carp, crucian carp, and catfish often experience mass mortality after the onset of spring. The main symptoms include ulcerated lips, congestion around the eyes, gill covers, and body surface, bulging eyes, and raised scales. Some affected fish also suffer from secondary infections of saprolegniasis. Autopsies reveal that the fish also exhibit symptoms such as whitish-yellow liver, intestinal bleeding and inflammation, and a blackened spleen, a condition commonly known as "wintering syndrome." This disease causes significant economic losses for fish farmers and also contributes to environmental pollution, urgently requiring a solution.

[0003] Studies have found that the root cause of overwintering syndrome is the weakened physical condition and poor disease resistance of fish after overwintering. To address this problem, existing fish feeds, such as those disclosed in patent applications CN 117044845 A and CN 116268205 A, can help prevent overwintering syndrome to some extent, but they still have the following shortcomings: First, the grass carp feed additive invented in CN 116268205 A does not take into account the important impact of feed nutrition and energy on the health of fish during overwintering, and cannot fundamentally solve the overwintering syndrome.

[0004] Second: The nutritional needs and digestive physiology of fish under low water temperatures in winter were not considered. CN117044845 A found that the nutrients provided by the feed are difficult to digest and have a low absorption rate under low water temperatures in winter, and cannot effectively provide nutrition and energy for overwintering fish.

[0005] Third: The feeding habits of overwintering fish were not considered. In winter, the surface water temperature is low, and fish rarely rise to the surface to feed, exhibiting a poor appetite. Due to temperature differences between different water layers, feeding overwintering extruded floating feed would result in feed waste, and the temperature differences could also cause stress to the fish, affecting their health. The feed invented in CN 117044845 A is an extruded floating feed, and its palatability was not taken into consideration.

[0006] Fourth: The impact of feed form on digestion, absorption, and health was not considered. Common feed forms include pelleted feed, extruded floating feed, and extruded sinking feed. These have a certain degree of hardness, take a long time to penetrate, and disintegrate slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. This not only causes mechanical damage to the fragile digestive tract of fish in winter but also affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

[0007] Fifth: The feed invented in CN 117044845 A does not adequately consider the comprehensiveness of health restoration and enhancement for overwintering fish. To prevent overwintering syndrome, the health restoration and enhancement of overwintering fish needs to be addressed from four aspects: liver, intestines, stress resistance, and immune enhancement. This aspect is not fully considered in the feed.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new overwintering feed to solve the problems of unreasonable nutrition, unreasonable form, and unreasonable health care in existing feeds. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a winter feed for grass carp and black carp, in order to solve the problems of existing winter feeds that cannot effectively provide nutrition and energy to wintering fish and are difficult to digest and absorb.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is: A winter feed for grass carp and black carp, and its production method, comprising extruded masterbatch; the extruded masterbatch is composed of the following components in parts by weight: Fish meal 0-5g, soybean meal 15-25g Rapeseed meal 20-45g, cottonseed meal or cottonseed protein 5-10g Sichuan peppercorns 1-6g, flour 1-18g Rice bran 1-15g, turmeric powder 20-35g Phospholipid oil 1-2g, rare earth silica powder 5-20g Premix 0.5-1g, Functional additives 5-10g The functional additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: Lysine 0.2-0.5%, Methionine 0.05-0.2%, Threonine 0.05-0.2%. Taurine 0.05-0.2%, Bile acids 0.02-0.1%, Mannan oligosaccharides 2-4%. Turmeric powder 2-3g, rare earth elements 0.5-2g, vitamin C esters 0.05-0.2g Tributyrate 0.05-0.1g, Cellulase 500,000 IU 500,000 IU of pectinase The production method of the winter feed for grass carp and black carp includes the following steps: The above materials are processed into puffed feed according to the above formula using an extruder. This puffed feed is called puffing masterbatch.

[0011] Place approximately 200 kg of tap water at 37°C into the microbial incubator, add 3-5 kg ​​of microbial inoculum and 5 kg of glucose, and stir automatically for 30 minutes to activate the microbial inoculum.

[0012] Place approximately 800 kg of extruded masterbatch into an inoculation tank, and spray the activated microbial inoculum into the tank while stirring continuously for 30 minutes. After inoculation, package the product into a semi-finished product using a bag with a double-sided breathing valve. Ferment the semi-finished product in a fermentation room at a controlled temperature of 20°C for 7 days to obtain the finished winter feed.

[0013] The bacterial strains include: Bacillus subtilis ≥1×10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g, Bacillus licheniformis ≥5×10 5 CFU / g, brewer's yeast ≥5×10 5 CFU / g.

[0014] The advantages of this invention are: This overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp significantly improves the feed's palatability, nutritional value, and functionality through winter nutrition adaptation, the addition of health-promoting factors, and microbial fermentation processes. This is beneficial for the recovery of the fish's physical strength and the enhancement of their constitution during winter, thereby playing a preventive role against overwintering syndrome.

[0015] Microbial fermentation produces a yeasty aroma that promotes feeding in overwintering fish. Fermented feed becomes softer due to its high moisture content, breaking down more easily in the digestive tract and preventing mechanical damage. Fermentation breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller ones for better digestion and absorption. Because feeding rates are low in winter, the dosage of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbal extracts, and immune enhancers in the feed is increased, ensuring their health-regulating effects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] A winter feed for grass carp and black carp, and its production method, comprising extruded masterbatch; the extruded masterbatch is composed of the following components in parts by weight: Fish meal 0-5g, soybean meal 15-25g Rapeseed meal 20-45g, cottonseed meal or cottonseed protein 5-10g Sichuan peppercorns 1-6g, flour 1-18g Rice bran 1-15g, turmeric powder 20-35g Phospholipid oil 1-2g, rare earth silica powder 5-20g Premix 0.5-1g, Functional additives 5-10g The functional additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: Lysine 0.2-0.5%, Methionine 0.05-0.2%, Threonine 0.05-0.2%. Taurine 0.05-0.2%, Bile acids 0.02-0.1%, Mannan oligosaccharides 2-4%. Turmeric powder 2-3g, rare earth elements 0.5-2g, vitamin C esters 0.05-0.2g Tributyrate 0.05-0.1g, Cellulase 500,000 IU 500,000 IU of pectinase.

[0018] The production method of the winter feed for grass carp and black carp includes the following steps: The above materials are processed into puffed feed according to the above formula using an extruder. This puffed feed is called puffing masterbatch.

[0019] Place 150-220 parts by weight of tap water at 37℃ into the incubator, add 3-5 parts by weight of incubator bacteria and 4-5.5 parts by weight of glucose, and stir automatically for 25-35 minutes to activate the incubator.

[0020] Place 750-850 parts by weight of extruded masterbatch into the inoculation tank, and spray the activated inoculum into the tank while stirring for 30 minutes. After inoculation, package the product into a semi-finished product using a bag with a double-sided breathing valve. Ferment the semi-finished product in a fermentation room at 20°C for 7 days to obtain the finished winter feed.

[0021] The strains include: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Bacillus subtilis ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g, Bacillus licheniformis ≥5×10 5 CFU / g, brewer's yeast ≥5×10 5 CFU / g.

[0022] This application produced the expanded masterbatch according to the production parameters in Table 1; Table 1 Material List of Extruded Masterbatch

[0023] The functional additives added to masterbatch 1 in Table 1 are additives 1 in Table 2; the functional additives added to masterbatch 2 are additives 2 in Table 2; the functional additives added to masterbatch 3 are additives 3 in Table 2; the functional additives added to masterbatch 4 are additives 4 in Table 2; the functional additives added to masterbatch 5 are additives 5 in Table 2; and the functional additives added to masterbatch 6 are additives 6 in Table 2.

[0024] Table 2. Material list of functional additives

[0025] Table 3 is a list of materials for overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp.

[0026] The applicant produced finished products 1-10 according to the material proportions in Tables 1-3.

[0027] To verify the superiority of this product, the applicant conducted the following comparative experiment: Ten ponds were randomly selected for both the feed proposed in this application and ordinary feed. Samples were taken from November 29 to 30, 2024 to calculate the average size. The experiment officially started on December 1, 2024, with both feeds fed at the same feeding rate. The experiment ended on March 31, 2025. Samples were taken to calculate the average size, and the health status and occurrence of overwintering syndrome were statistically analyzed. The experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0028] Table 4 shows the results of the comparative experiment.

[0029] Table 4 clearly shows that the health of grass carp fed with ordinary feed is poor, with no liver or intestines above +++, and the incidence of overwintering syndrome reaches 80%; grass carp and black carp fed with the overwintering feed of this invention have very good health, with no liver or intestines below +++, and no overwintering syndrome occurs.

[0030] The overwintering feed of this application produces a yeasty aroma through microbial fermentation, which can promote feeding of overwintering fish. The feed becomes soft due to its high moisture content after microbial fermentation, and it disintegrates better after entering the digestive tract, without causing mechanical damage to the digestive tract. Fermentation breaks down large molecule nutrients into smaller molecules, making them easier to digest and absorb. Due to the low feeding rate in winter, the dosage of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, extracts of traditional Chinese medicine, and immune enhancers in the feed is increased, ensuring the effect of conditioning health.

[0031] This overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp significantly improves the feed's palatability, nutritional value, and functionality through winter nutrition adaptation, the addition of health-promoting factors, and microbial fermentation processes. This is beneficial for the recovery of the fish's physical strength and the enhancement of their constitution during winter, thereby playing a preventive role against overwintering syndrome.

Claims

1. A winter feed for grass carp and black carp, characterized in that: The overwintering feed includes extruded masterbatch; the extruded masterbatch consists of the following components in parts by weight: Fish meal 0-5g, soybean meal 15-25g Rapeseed meal 20-45g, cottonseed meal or cottonseed protein 5-10g Sichuan peppercorns 1-6g, flour 1-18g Rice bran 1-15g, turmeric powder 20-35g Phospholipid oil 1-2g, rare earth silica powder 5-20g Premix 0.5-1g, functional additives 5-10g.

2. The overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: Lysine 0.2-0.5%, Methionine 0.05-0.2%, Threonine 0.05-0.2%. Taurine 0.05-0.2%, Bile acids 0.02-0.1%, Mannan oligosaccharides 2-4%. Turmeric powder 2-3g, rare earth elements 0.5-2g, vitamin C esters 0.05-0.2g Tributyrate 0.05-0.1g, Cellulase 500,000 IU 500,000 IU of pectinase.

3. The overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp according to claim 2, characterized in that: The production method of the winter feed for grass carp and black carp includes the following steps: The puffing process is carried out using an extruder according to the extrusion masterbatch material formula to produce puffed material, which is the extrusion masterbatch. Place 150-220 parts by weight of tap water at 37℃ into the incubator, add 3-5 parts by weight of incubator and 4-5.5 parts by weight of glucose, and stir automatically for 25-35 minutes to activate the incubator. Place 750-850 parts by weight of extruded masterbatch into the inoculation tank, spray the activated inoculum into the inoculation tank while stirring, for 30 minutes; after inoculation, package it into a semi-finished product using a packaging bag with a double-sided breathing valve, and ferment it in a fermentation room at 20℃ for 7 days to obtain the finished winter feed.

4. The overwintering feed for grass carp and black carp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strains include: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Bacillus subtilis ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g, Bacillus licheniformis ≥5×10 5 CFU / g, brewer's yeast ≥5×10 5 CFU / g.

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