Environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature heat pipe heat transfer performance testing, and particularly relates to an environment-controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method. According to the invention, the heat pipe performance test body is arranged in the vacuum container, and the environment control system realizes the comprehensive performance test of the high-temperature heat pipe in various environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere, high and low temperature and the like by vacuumizing the vacuum container, filling inert gas or changing the temperature in the container; the cooling loop system is connected with the cooling assembly through a metal hose and provides a cold source for the condensation section of the heat pipe. The electric heating system is connected with the heat pipe performance testing body, and the measurement and control system is used for collecting and controlling signals and displaying, recording and processing data in real time. According to the invention, the actual operation environment of the heat pipe can be simulated, the comprehensive performance test of the high-temperature heat pipe in various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere and high and low temperature can be realized, and the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe can be accurately evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature heat pipe heat transfer performance testing technology, specifically relating to an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Heat pipes are heat transfer elements that rely on the phase change of their internal working fluid to transfer heat. They are known as thermal superconductors, capable of transferring large amounts of heat over long distances through a very small cross-sectional area without the need for external power. High-temperature heat pipes, in particular, are characterized by high operating temperatures and excellent heat transfer performance, making them valuable in applications such as solid-state reactors and thermal protection for supersonic vehicles.

[0003] The application and research of high-temperature heat pipes hinges on performance testing to fully understand their thermal characteristics and reliability. Existing performance testing equipment is largely limited to single testing environments, such as testing only in ambient atmospheric conditions. This involves placing the heat pipe experimental body in the atmosphere and measuring its isothermal properties, heat transfer, and other thermal parameters through heating and cooling. However, this cannot simulate the diverse and complex environments encountered by heat pipes during actual operation. Furthermore, when testing in an atmospheric environment, since high-temperature heat pipes can operate at temperatures exceeding 500℃, a significant temperature difference exists between the heat pipe and the surrounding environment when transferring heat from the evaporation section to the condensation section, despite insulation. Some heat is lost to the environment through natural convection and radiation, resulting in substantial heat loss. This causes the actual heat transfer of the heat pipe to be lower than the heating power, leading to low thermal efficiency and making it difficult to accurately assess the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method, which can simulate the actual operating environment of the heat pipe, realize comprehensive performance testing of the high-temperature heat pipe under various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere and high and low temperature, and accurately evaluate the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device with controllable environment includes a heat pipe performance testing body, a vacuum container, an environmental control system, a cooling circuit system, an electric heating system, and a measurement and control system. The heat pipe performance testing body is placed inside the vacuum container, which provides the relevant operating environment for the heat pipe performance testing body. The environmental control system achieves comprehensive performance testing of the high-temperature heat pipe under vacuum, specific atmosphere, and high and low temperatures by evacuating the vacuum container, filling it with inert gas, or changing the temperature inside the container. The cooling circuit system is connected to the cooling components via a metal hose, providing a cold source for the condensation section of the heat pipe. The electric heating system is connected to the heat pipe performance testing body. The measurement and control system is used to collect and control signals, and to display, record, and process data in real time, calculating the heat transfer resistance, equivalent thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and operating temperature of the heat pipe.

[0006] The heat pipe performance test body includes a high-temperature heat pipe, a cooling assembly, a heating element, and an insulation layer. The insulation layer wraps around the high-temperature heat pipe and divides the high-temperature heat pipe into three insulation sections: an evaporation section, an insulation section, and a condensation section. A cooling assembly is installed on the upper exterior of the high-temperature heat pipe. The cooling assembly includes an air gap sleeve and a cooling water sleeve, forming a concentric sleeve structure. A heating element is provided at the lower end of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0007] The heating element is wrapped around the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe, and an insulating heat spreader is provided between the heating element and the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0008] The high-temperature heat pipe is a sodium heat pipe, a sodium-potassium heat pipe, or a lithium heat pipe; the insulation layer uses composite aluminum silicate and nanoporous materials as insulation materials and aluminum foil as a reflective layer.

[0009] The air gap sleeve is installed in the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe. The upper end of the air gap sleeve is provided with an upper thermocouple interface, an inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe. The upper thermocouple interface is used to lead out the temperature measuring thermocouples of the top of the vacuum container and the cooling component. The inlet pipe is used to connect the air filling valve of the cooling component and the gas storage bottle to fill the air gap sleeve with gas. The exhaust pipe is used to discharge the internal gas.

[0010] The air gap sleeve is filled with a single-component gas or a gas with a different thermal conductivity to change its air gap thermal resistance.

[0011] The cooling water jacket has a double-layered structure, with an outer cooling water inlet layer and an inner cooling water outlet layer. An inlet pipe is provided in the inlet layer and an outlet pipe is provided in the outlet layer. Cooling water enters the inlet layer of the cooling water jacket through the inlet pipe, then flows into the outlet layer of the cooling water jacket, and then flows out through the outlet pipe. The cooling assembly uses the circulating flow of cooling water in the cooling water jacket to remove heat from the heat pipe. By adjusting the gas composition and ratio of the air gap jacket and the cooling water flow rate, the thermal resistance of cooling heat transfer between the cooling water and the condensation section wall is adjusted, thereby changing the operating temperature and heat transfer of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0012] The heating element is a silicon carbide rod, a silicon molybdenum rod, a graphite or nickel-chromium alloy resistance wire.

[0013] When the heating element is powered on, the heat generated is conducted to the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe through the insulated heat spreader. After the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is heated, the alkali metal working material inside the evaporation section begins to evaporate and generate steam. The steam further transfers the heat to the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe. Under the cooling of the cooling components, the heat is transferred from the condensation section through the gas in the air gap sleeve to the cooling water in the cooling water jacket, and is finally carried away by the flowing cooling water.

[0014] The vacuum container includes a container cavity, a viewing window, and various interface components. The container cavity is an openable, sealed container with an overall cylindrical structure, mounted on a tilt adjustment frame for adjustable tilt angle. The upper and lower ends of the container cavity are sealed by upper and lower flanges, respectively, with a cooling assembly penetrating the upper end and sealed by a flange seal. The lower end of the container cavity has a lower thermocouple interface and a lower electrical interface. The cavity wall has a vacuum / gas filling interface and a working fluid circulation interface. The lower thermocouple interface is used to lead out the temperature-sensing thermocouple at the bottom of the vacuum container. The lower electrical interface leads out the positive and negative terminals of the electrical wires of the heating element. The vacuum / gas filling interface is connected to the vacuum realization unit and atmosphere realization unit pipelines in the environmental control system to realize vacuuming / gas filling inside the vacuum container. The working fluid circulation interface is connected to the temperature control unit pipelines in the environmental control system to realize temperature changes inside the vacuum container. The viewing window is located on the wall of the container cavity.

[0015] The environmental control system includes a vacuum realization unit, an atmosphere realization unit, and a temperature control unit. The vacuum realization unit evacuates the container cavity to achieve a high vacuum state. The atmosphere realization unit fills the container cavity with a specific type and pressure of gas. The temperature control unit is used to change the ambient temperature inside the container cavity to achieve active and precise ambient temperature control.

[0016] The vacuum realization unit includes a vacuum valve, a vacuum gauge, and a vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is connected to a vacuum / gas filling interface through the vacuum valve. A vacuum gauge is installed between the vacuum valve and the vacuum pump. The vacuum valve is a high-vacuum gate valve. The vacuum gauge monitors the vacuum level of the container cavity and the vacuum pipeline. The vacuum pump consists of a backing pump and a molecular pump, and evacuates the container cavity through the vacuum valve and the vacuum / gas filling interface.

[0017] The atmosphere realization unit includes a container inflation valve, a pressure sensor, and a gas storage cylinder. The gas storage cylinder is connected to a vacuum / inflation interface through the container inflation valve. A pressure sensor is provided between the container inflation valve and the gas storage cylinder. The gas storage cylinder fills the container cavity with a specific type and pressure of gas through the container inflation valve and the vacuum / inflation interface.

[0018] The temperature control unit includes a heat sink, a circulating pump, and a working fluid container. The heat sink is a heat exchange plate with an internal flow channel, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the container cavity. The interior of the heat sink is connected to the working fluid circulation interface, and the working fluid container is connected to the working fluid circulation interface through the circulating pump. The circulating pump outside the container cavity drives the high-temperature or low-temperature working fluid in the working fluid container to circulate in the heat sink through the working fluid circulation interface, thereby achieving the heating or cooling of the heat sink.

[0019] The cooling loop system includes a heat exchanger, a cooling water tank, an inlet valve, a pressure regulator, a drive pump, a flow meter, and an outlet valve. The bottom of the cooling water tank is connected to the drive pump via a pipe. The drive pump is connected to the flow meter and the cooling water jacket via a pipe. An inlet valve and a pressure regulator are installed between the drive pump and the cooling water tank. The cooling water tank contains a heat exchanger, which is connected to the cooling water jacket via a pipe, with an outlet valve between them. Cooling water begins to flow under the drive pump, and the flow rate is measured by the flow meter. It then enters the cooling water jacket to remove heat from the heat pipes, enters the heat exchanger in the cooling water tank through the outlet valve for cooling, and then continues to circulate through the inlet valve. The pressure regulator is used to control the loop pressure. The inlet valve and the outlet valve are electrically adjustable valves.

[0020] The electric heating system includes a programmable DC power supply and related power supply lines. The programmable DC power supply is connected to the lower electrical interface through electrical lines and provides a heat source for the heat pipe evaporation section through heating elements.

[0021] The measurement and control system includes relevant measuring instruments, a measurement and control cabinet, and a computer, which can measure in real time the pressure inside the vacuum container and the cooling circuit system; the temperature of the heat pipe, the cooling circuit system, the inside of the vacuum container, and the heat sink; the flow rate of the cooling circuit system and the temperature control unit; the liquid level of the cooling circuit system; and the current and voltage of the electric heating system.

[0022] A method for testing the performance of high-temperature heat pipes in an environmentally controllable manner includes the following steps: S1. Construct an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device; S2. Construct the corresponding environment for the high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device built in S1; S3. Conduct high-temperature heat pipe performance tests and obtain relevant test results; S4. Adjust various operating parameters such as tilt angle, ambient temperature, heating and cooling power to conduct heat pipe performance tests under different operating conditions and obtain comprehensive heat pipe performance test results.

[0023] S1 includes the following steps: The high-temperature heat pipe condensing section is placed in the air gap sleeve in the cooling assembly. The two are fixed and sealed with a sealing sleeve. The thermocouples that are pre-arranged on the wall of the condensing section are led out from the upper thermocouple interface and sealed with a sleeve. The thermocouples are connected to the measurement and control system to measure the temperature of the heat pipe wall. The heating element and the insulating heat spreader are wrapped around the evaporation section of the heat pipe, and the entire heat pipe is covered with an insulation layer. At this point, the assembly of the heat pipe performance test body is complete. The heat pipe performance test body is placed inside a vacuum container. The upper end of the body penetrates the container cavity and is fixed and sealed by the upper flange. The positive and negative wires of the heating element are led out from the electrical interface at the lower end of the container cavity and connected to a programmable DC power supply. Thermocouples arranged in the evaporation section and insulation section of the heat pipe, as well as thermocouples inside the container, are led out from the lower thermocouple interface and connected to the measurement and control system. The entire vacuum container is placed on the tilt adjustment frame, and the angle is adjusted to conduct heat pipe performance tests at a certain tilt angle.

[0024] In step S2, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the container cavity, achieving a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When the pressure reaches 0.15 MPa, stop evacuating and fill the container cavity with 0.15 MPa gas using a gas storage cylinder to create the appropriate atmosphere.

[0025] In step S2, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the container cavity, achieving a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When the pressure reaches Pa, maintain vacuum and start the circulation pump to circulate the cryogenic working fluid in the heat sink, thereby cooling the heat sink and lowering the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. Once the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + cryogenic environment construction is complete. Adjust the temperature control unit and start the circulation pump to circulate the high-temperature working fluid in the heat sink, thereby heating the heat sink and raising the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. Once the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + high-temperature environment construction is complete.

[0026] S3 specifically includes the following steps: Gases such as nitrogen, argon, and helium are filled into the air gap sleeve using a gas storage cylinder. The cooling water jacket is connected to the cooling circuit through a metal hose. The drive pump is started to run the cooling circuit. The inlet valve is adjusted to make the cooling water flow rate reach a certain value. The cooling water flow rate and inlet and outlet temperatures are monitored until the parameters are basically stable. The electric heating system supplies electricity to the heating element to heat the heat pipe, and conducts performance tests under certain working conditions by adjusting the electric heating power, cooling water flow rate, and gas composition and ratio in the air gap jacket. The measurement and control signals are transmitted to the computer via the measurement and control cabinet. The computer collects and processes the relevant data to obtain the test results related to the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device, which is highly integrated and multifunctional: through integrated container design, it can realize the simulation and testing of three key environments: vacuum, atmosphere and high and low temperature.

[0028] (2) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method with high measurement accuracy: testing in a vacuum environment can eliminate the heat loss caused by gas convection heat transfer, making the evaluation of the maximum heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe more accurate and real.

[0029] (3) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method with strong environmental temperature control capability: the heat sink is made of high thermal conductivity metal material and the ambient temperature is controlled by the circulation of liquid working fluid, which can achieve rapid, uniform and stable heating and cooling, and accurately control the ambient temperature.

[0030] (4) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method that simulates the actual operating environment: by flexibly combining atmosphere / vacuum and high and low temperature environments, it can fully simulate the actual operating conditions of the heat pipe, and can more effectively evaluate and predict its reliability, life and performance boundaries.

[0031] (5) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device with flexible operation: through computer and software, the environmental parameters (pressure, atmosphere, temperature) can be programmed and controlled and the data can be automatically collected and processed, which greatly improves the testing efficiency.

[0032] (6) The present invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device and method, which places the heat pipe performance testing body in a vacuum container and uses an environmental control system to evacuate the vacuum container, fill it with inert gas or change the temperature inside the container to simulate the actual operating environment of the heat pipe, thereby carrying out comprehensive performance testing of the high-temperature heat pipe under various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmosphere and high and low temperatures, so as to more accurately evaluate the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe. It has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, wide range of experimental conditions and flexible operation. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in describing the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments recorded in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can derive other drawings from the following drawings without any creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device with an environment that can be controlled according to the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-High-temperature heat pipe, 2-Air gap jacket, 3-Cooling water jacket, 4-Upper thermocouple interface, 5-Inlet pipe, 6-Exhaust pipe, 7-Heating element, 8-Insulating heat spreader, 9-Insulation layer, 10-Container cavity, 11-Upper flange, 12-Lower flange, 13-Lower thermocouple interface, 14-Lower electrical interface, 15-Vacuum / gas filling interface, 16-Vacuum valve, 17-Vacuum gauge, 18-Vacuum pump, 19a-Container 19b-Cooling component inflation valve, 20-Pressure sensor, 21-Gas storage cylinder, 22-Heat sink, 23-Working fluid circulation interface, 24-Circulation pump, 25-Working fluid container, 26-Heat exchanger, 27-Cooling water tank, 28-Inlet valve, 29-Pressure stabilizer, 30-Drive pump, 31-Flow meter, 32-Outlet valve, 33-Programmable DC power supply, 34-Control cabinet, 35-Computer, 36-Tilting adjustment frame. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device, comprising a heat pipe performance testing body, a vacuum container, an environmental control system, a cooling circuit system, an electric heating system, and a measurement and control system. The heat pipe performance testing body is placed inside the vacuum container, which provides the relevant operating environment for the heat pipe performance testing body. The environmental control system achieves comprehensive performance testing of the high-temperature heat pipe under various controllable environments such as vacuum, specific atmospheres, and high and low temperatures by evacuating the vacuum container, filling it with inert gas, or changing the temperature inside the container. The cooling circuit system is connected to the cooling components via a metal hose, providing a cold source for the condensation section of the heat pipe. The electric heating system is connected to the heat pipe performance testing body. The measurement and control system is used to collect and control signals, and to display, record, and process data in real time, calculating key performance parameters of the heat pipe such as thermal resistance, equivalent thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and operating temperature.

[0040] The heat pipe performance testing body includes a high-temperature heat pipe 1, a cooling assembly, a heating element 7, an insulating heat pipe 8, and an insulation layer 9. The insulation layer 9 wraps around the high-temperature heat pipe 1, dividing the high-temperature heat pipe 1 into three insulation sections: an evaporation section, an insulation section, and a condensation section. It uses high-insulation-performance composite aluminum silicate and nanoporous materials as insulation materials, and aluminum foil as a reflective layer to reduce heat loss. The high-temperature heat pipe 1 is an alkali metal heat pipe such as a sodium heat pipe, sodium-potassium heat pipe, or lithium heat pipe, with an operating temperature greater than 800K. The upper end of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 is externally... A cooling assembly is installed, comprising an air gap sleeve 2 and a cooling water jacket 3, forming a concentric tube structure. The air gap sleeve 2 can be filled with a single-component gas or gases with different thermal conductivity to alter its air gap thermal resistance. The condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 is located within the air gap layer. The upper end of the air gap sleeve 2 is equipped with an upper thermocouple interface 4, an inlet pipe 5, and an exhaust pipe 6. The upper thermocouple interface 4 is used to lead out the temperature-measuring thermocouples from the top of the vacuum container and the cooling assembly. The inlet pipe 5 connects the cooling assembly's inflation valve 19b and the gas storage cylinder 21 to... Gas is filled into the air gap sleeve 2, and the exhaust pipe 6 is used to discharge the internal gas. The cooling water jacket 3 has a double-layered structure, with an outer cooling water inlet layer and an inner cooling water outlet layer. An inlet pipe is provided in the inlet layer, and an outlet pipe is provided in the outlet layer. Cooling water enters the inlet layer of the cooling water jacket 3 through the inlet pipe, then flows into the outlet layer of the cooling water jacket 3, and then flows out through the outlet pipe. The cooling assembly uses the circulating flow of cooling water in the cooling water jacket 3 to remove heat from the heat pipe. The cooling water is adjusted to condense by regulating the gas composition and ratio of the air gap sleeve 2 and the cooling water flow rate. The cooling heat transfer thermal resistance between the wall sections changes the operating temperature and heat transfer of the high-temperature heat pipe 1. The lower end of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 is provided with a heating element 7, which is an electric heating element with a high operating temperature, such as a silicon carbide rod, silicon molybdenum rod, or graphite. The positive and negative power lines are led out from the same cold end. The heating element 7 is covered by an insulating heat spreader 8, which is covered by the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1. The heat generated by the heating element 7 is transferred to the evaporation section of the heat pipe through the insulating heat spreader 8. The insulating heat spreader 8 plays a role in insulation protection and uniform heat conduction.

[0041] For the heat pipe performance test body, when the heating element 7 is energized, the generated heat is conducted to the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 via the insulated heat spreader 8. After the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 is heated, the internal alkali metal working material in the evaporation section begins to evaporate and generate steam. The steam further transfers the heat to the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1. Under the cooling of the cooling components, the heat is transferred from the condensation section to the cooling water in the cooling water jacket 3 via the gas in the air gap sleeve 2, and is finally carried away by the flowing cooling water. By adjusting the power of the heating element 7, the gas composition and pressure in the air gap sleeve 2, and the flow rate of the cooling water in the cooling water jacket 3, the operating temperature and heat transfer of the heat pipe can be changed.

[0042] The vacuum container includes a container cavity 10, a viewing window, and various interface components. The container cavity 10 is an openable, sealed container with an overall cylindrical structure. It is mounted on an angle adjustment frame to achieve adjustable tilt angle. The upper and lower ends of the container cavity 10 are sealed by an upper flange 11 and a lower flange 12, respectively, with a cooling assembly penetrating the upper end and sealed by a flange seal. The lower end of the container cavity 10 is provided with a lower thermocouple interface 13 and a lower electrical interface 14. The cavity wall is provided with a vacuum / gas filling interface 15 and a working fluid circulation interface 23. The lower thermocouple interface 13 is used to lead out the vacuum container. The thermocouple at the bottom of the device; the lower electrical interface 14 leads out the positive and negative terminals of the electrical wires of the heating element 7; the vacuum / gas filling interface 15 is connected to the vacuum realization unit and atmosphere realization unit pipeline in the environmental control system to realize the evacuation / gas filling of the vacuum container; the working fluid circulation interface 23 is connected to the temperature control unit pipeline in the environmental control system to realize the change of temperature in the vacuum container; the viewing window is set on the wall of the container cavity 10, and is made of high temperature resistant glass such as sapphire, for direct observation of the test process, and can also be used with an infrared thermal imager to measure the surface temperature field.

[0043] The environmental control system includes a vacuum control unit, an atmosphere control unit, and a temperature control unit.

[0044] The vacuum realization unit includes a vacuum valve 16, a vacuum gauge 17, and a vacuum pump 18. The vacuum pump 18 is connected to a vacuum / gas filling interface 15 via the vacuum valve 16. A vacuum gauge 17 is installed between the vacuum valve 16 and the vacuum pump 18. The vacuum valve 16 is a high-vacuum gate valve. The vacuum gauge 17 monitors the vacuum level of the container cavity 10 and the vacuum pipeline. The vacuum pump 18 consists of a backing pump and a molecular pump. It evacuates the container cavity 10 via the vacuum valve 16 and the vacuum / gas filling interface 15 to achieve a high vacuum state (e.g., ≤1×10⁻⁶) within the container cavity 10. -2 Pa), thereby eliminating gas convection and heat conduction, so that the heat loss of the high-temperature heat pipe is only radiation heat dissipation, which greatly reduces heat loss. The heat of the heat pipe is basically transferred from its evaporation section to its condensation section.

[0045] The atmosphere realization unit includes a container filling valve 19a, a pressure sensor 20, and a gas storage cylinder 21. The gas storage cylinder 21 is connected to a vacuum / filling interface 15 through the container filling valve 19a. A pressure sensor 20 is provided between the container filling valve 19a and the gas storage cylinder 21. The gas storage cylinder 21 is filled with a specific type and pressure of gas into the container cavity 10 through the container filling valve 19a and the vacuum / filling interface 15 to simulate the application environment. The gas pressure is monitored by the pressure sensor 20. When a high thermal conductivity gas such as helium is used, the heat conduction between the heating element and the heat pipe can also be enhanced.

[0046] The temperature control unit includes a heat sink 22, a circulation pump 24, and a working fluid container 25. The heat sink 22 is a heat exchange plate with internal flow channels, which is fixedly installed on the wall inside the container cavity 10. It uses a high thermal conductivity metal material such as copper or aluminum to dissipate heat evenly. The heat sink 22 is connected to the working fluid circulation interface 23. The working fluid container 25 is connected to the working fluid circulation interface 23 through the circulation pump 24. The circulation pump 24 outside the container cavity 10 drives the high-temperature or low-temperature working fluid (high-temperature working fluid such as heat transfer oil, low-temperature working fluid such as liquid nitrogen) inside the working fluid container 25 to circulate in the heat sink 22 through the working fluid circulation interface 23, thereby raising or lowering the temperature of the heat sink 22 and changing the ambient temperature inside the container cavity 10. This enables active and precise ambient temperature control.

[0047] The cooling circuit system includes a heat exchanger 26, a cooling water tank 27, an inlet valve 28, a pressure regulator 29, a drive pump 30, a flow meter 31, an outlet valve 32, and related pipes. The bottom of the cooling water tank 27 is connected to the drive pump 30 via a pipe. The drive pump 30 is connected to the flow meter 31 and the cooling water jacket 3 via a pipe. An inlet valve 28 and a pressure regulator 29 are provided between the drive pump 30 and the cooling water tank 27. The cooling water tank 27 contains a heat exchanger 26. The heat exchanger 26 is connected to... The pipeline is connected to the cooling water jacket 3, and an outlet valve 32 is provided between them. The cooling water starts to flow under the drive of the drive pump 30. The flow rate is measured by the flow meter 31 (which can be a venturi flow meter, electromagnetic flow meter or mass flow meter, etc.). The water then enters the cooling water jacket 3 to carry away the heat from the heat pipe. It enters the heat exchanger 26 in the cooling water tank 27 through the outlet valve 32 for cooling. The water then continues to circulate through the inlet valve 28. The pressure regulator 29 is used to control the circuit pressure. The inlet valve 28 and the outlet valve 32 are electrically adjustable valves.

[0048] The electric heating system includes a programmable DC power supply 33 and related power supply lines. The programmable DC power supply 33 is connected to the lower electrical interface 14 through electrical lines and provides a heat source for the heat pipe evaporation section through the heating element 7.

[0049] The measurement and control system includes relevant measuring instruments, a measurement and control cabinet 34, and a computer 35, which can measure in real time the pressure inside the vacuum container and the cooling circuit system; the temperature of the heat pipe, the cooling circuit system, the inside of the vacuum container, and the heat sink; the flow rate of the cooling circuit system and the temperature control unit; the liquid level of the cooling circuit system; and the current and voltage of the electric heating system.

[0050] As can be seen, the environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device of the present invention has the following functions: (1) It can achieve precise testing in a vacuum environment to eliminate convective heat dissipation, reduce heat pipe heat transfer loss, and accurately evaluate the maximum heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe. (2) Different atmospheres can be flexibly switched to simulate the actual operating environment or to study the effect of atmosphere on heat transfer; (3) It can provide a stable high and low temperature environment to carry out temperature experiments to test the performance and reliability of high temperature heat pipes under complex temperature environments.

[0051] This invention provides a method for environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing. Using this device, heat pipe performance testing can be conducted under three typical environments: vacuum environment, atmospheric environment, and high and low temperature environment. Testing can also be conducted under different combinations of environments, such as vacuum + high and low temperature environment, atmospheric environment + high and low temperature environment, etc.

[0052] Example 1 provides a method for testing the performance of high-temperature heat pipes under different atmospheric conditions, in order to study the performance of heat pipes under different atmospheric conditions. The main steps include: S1 places the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 inside the air gap sleeve 2 in the cooling assembly, and fixes and seals the two using a sealing sleeve. The thermocouple, which was previously arranged on the wall of the condensing section, is led out from the upper thermocouple interface 4 and sealed by the sleeve. The thermocouple is connected to the measurement and control system to measure the temperature of the heat pipe wall. S2 wraps the heating element 7 and the insulating heat pipe 8 around the heat pipe evaporation section, and then wraps the entire heat pipe with the insulation layer 9. At this point, the heat pipe performance test body assembly is complete. S3 places the heat pipe performance test body inside the vacuum container. The upper end of the body passes through the container cavity 10 and is fixed and sealed by the upper flange 11. The positive and negative wires of the heating element 7 are led out from the electrical interface 14 at the lower end of the container cavity 10 and connected to the programmable DC power supply 33. The thermocouples arranged in the evaporation section and the insulation section of the heat pipe, as well as the thermocouples inside the container, are led out from the lower thermocouple interface 13 and connected to the measurement and control system. S4 places the entire vacuum container on the tilt adjustment frame 36 and adjusts the angle to conduct heat pipe performance tests at a certain tilt angle. S5 uses vacuum pump 18 to evacuate the container cavity 10, achieving a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When the pressure reaches 10 Pa, the vacuuming is stopped, and 0.15 MPa gas is introduced into the container cavity 10 using the gas storage cylinder 21 to create an atmospheric environment. S6 uses a gas storage cylinder 21 to fill the air gap sleeve 2 with gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium, etc., connects the cooling water jacket 3 to the cooling circuit through a metal hose, starts the drive pump 30 to run the cooling circuit, adjusts the inlet valve 28 to make the cooling water flow rate to a certain value, and monitors the cooling water flow rate and inlet and outlet temperatures until the parameters are basically stable. The S7 electric heating system powers the heating element 7 to heat the heat pipe. Performance tests under certain working conditions are conducted by adjusting the electric heating power, cooling water flow rate, and gas composition and ratio in the air gap sleeve. The S8 measurement and control signal is transmitted to the computer 35 via the measurement and control cabinet 34. The computer collects and processes the relevant data to obtain the test results related to the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0053] The S9 adjusts various operating parameters such as tilt angle, ambient gas composition, heating and cooling power to conduct heat pipe performance tests under different operating conditions and obtain comprehensive heat pipe performance test results.

[0054] Example 2 presents a method for testing the performance of high-temperature heat pipes under vacuum and high / low temperature environments to study the performance of heat pipes under different temperature conditions. The method mainly includes the following steps: S1 places the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe 1 inside the air gap sleeve 2 in the cooling assembly, and fixes and seals the two using a sealing sleeve. The thermocouple, which was previously arranged on the wall of the condensing section, is led out from the upper thermocouple interface 4 and sealed by the sleeve. The thermocouple is connected to the measurement and control system to measure the temperature of the heat pipe wall. S2 wraps the heating element 7 and the insulating heat pipe 8 around the heat pipe evaporation section, and then wraps the entire heat pipe with the insulation layer 9. At this point, the heat pipe performance test body assembly is complete. S3 places the heat pipe performance test body inside the vacuum container. The upper end of the body passes through the container cavity 10 and is fixed and sealed by the upper flange 11. The positive and negative wires of the heating element 7 are led out from the electrical interface 14 at the lower end of the container cavity 10 and connected to the programmable DC power supply 33. The thermocouples arranged in the evaporation section and the insulation section of the heat pipe, as well as the thermocouples inside the container, are led out from the lower thermocouple interface 13 and connected to the measurement and control system. S4 places the entire vacuum container on the tilt adjustment frame 36 and adjusts the angle to conduct heat pipe performance tests at a certain tilt angle. S5 uses vacuum pump 18 to evacuate the container cavity 10, achieving a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When Pa is maintained, vacuum is pumped and circulation pump 24 is started to circulate the cryogenic working fluid in heat sink 22 to cool down heat sink 22, thereby reducing the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. When the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + cryogenic environment construction is completed. S6 uses a gas storage cylinder 21 to fill the air gap sleeve 2 with gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium, etc., connects the cooling water jacket 3 to the cooling circuit through a metal hose, starts the drive pump 30 to run the cooling circuit, adjusts the inlet valve 28 to make the cooling water flow rate to a certain value, and monitors the cooling water flow rate and inlet and outlet temperatures until the parameters are basically stable. The S7 electric heating system powers the heating element 7 to heat the heat pipe. Performance tests under certain working conditions are conducted by adjusting the electric heating power, cooling water flow rate, and gas composition and ratio in the air gap sleeve. The S8 measurement and control signal is transmitted to the computer 35 via the measurement and control cabinet 34. The computer collects and processes the relevant data to obtain the test results related to the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe under vacuum and low temperature conditions.

[0055] S9 adjusts the temperature control unit and starts the circulation pump 24 to circulate the high-temperature working fluid in the heat sink 22, thereby raising the temperature of the heat sink 22 and increasing the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. Once the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + high-temperature environment construction is completed. S10 Repeat steps 7-8 to obtain the test results related to the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe in a vacuum + high-temperature environment. S11 further adjusts various operating parameters such as tilt angle, ambient temperature, heating and cooling power, etc., to conduct heat pipe performance tests under different operating conditions and obtain comprehensive heat pipe performance test results.

[0056] It should be noted that the ambient temperature can also be changed in real time during the above temperature experiments. For example, within a certain temperature range, high and low temperature cycles can be performed multiple times at a certain rate to continuously monitor the heat pipe's performance parameters, such as thermal resistance, equivalent thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and operating temperature, and to evaluate its reliability and performance changes under high and low temperature thermal shock.

[0057] In this invention, the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is calculated based on the measured mass flow rate of the cooling water and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling water using the following formula. (1) in, The heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is measured in W. This refers to the mass flow rate of cooling water, expressed in kg / s. C pl The specific heat capacity of cooling water at constant pressure, in units of ; T in and T out These represent the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling water, in Kelvin (K). To minimize heat transfer deviations caused by temperature measurement errors, a low-flow-rate cooling water system is used at low heating power, while a high-flow-rate system is used at high power, thus achieving a better match between the cooling water thermal parameters.

[0058] The heat balance rate is calculated based on the heat transfer under steady-state operation of the heat pipe and the heating power of the evaporator section using the following formula. (2) in, This refers to the thermal equilibrium ratio; Heat transfer is measured in W. This represents the heating power of the evaporation section, measured in W. A higher heat balance rate indicates less heat loss along the heat pipe's heat transfer path.

[0059] The equivalent thermal conductivity of a heat pipe is calculated using the following formula based on parameters such as heat transfer capacity and heat transfer area. (3) in, k The equivalent thermal conductivity of the heat pipe is expressed in W / (m·℃). A The heat pipe's heat transfer area is expressed in square meters (m²). 2 ; This refers to the effective length of the heat pipe, in meters (m). The heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is measured in W. T e and T c These are the average temperatures of the evaporator section wall and the condenser section wall of the heat pipe, respectively, in K.

[0060] During heat pipe testing, the ideal heat transfer process is: heating element—heat pipe evaporation section—heat pipe insulation section—heat pipe condensation section—air gap—stainless steel pipe wall—cooling water. When only insulation material is used for insulation and the pipe is placed in an air environment, the heat leakage of the heat pipe mainly consists of two parts: thermal radiation and natural air convection heat transfer. Radiation heat dissipation power... for (4) in, Heat dissipation power, measured in W; A The heat dissipation area is expressed in units of 1. ; denoted as the surface emissivity of the thermal insulation material, which is a dimensionless parameter. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant has a value of ; and These are the outer layer temperature of the insulation material and the air temperature, respectively, in K.

[0061] Natural air convection heat transfer power is (5) in, h The natural convection heat transfer coefficient is expressed in units of 1000 ppm. .

[0062] Therefore, the total heat dissipation power is (6) In a vacuum environment, the natural convection heat transfer power term no longer exists, and only the radiation heat dissipation power term exists. In this case, the total heat dissipation power of the heat pipe is... (7) in The emissivity of the aluminum foil surface is much smaller than Therefore, the total heat dissipation power is greatly reduced. Thus, in a vacuum environment, using insulation material plus an aluminum foil reflective layer as a heat insulation measure can effectively reduce heat loss.

[0063] While those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and therefore all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0064] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present invention is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device with controllable environment, characterized in that, The system includes a heat pipe performance testing body, a vacuum container, an environmental control system, a cooling circuit system, an electric heating system, and a measurement and control system. The heat pipe performance testing body is placed inside the vacuum container, which provides the relevant operating environment for the heat pipe performance testing body. The environmental control system achieves comprehensive performance testing of the high-temperature heat pipe under vacuum, specific atmospheres, and high and low temperatures by evacuating the vacuum container, filling it with inert gas, or changing the temperature inside the container. The cooling circuit system is connected to the cooling components via a metal hose, providing a cold source for the condensation section of the heat pipe. The electric heating system is connected to the heat pipe performance testing body. The measurement and control system is used to collect and control signals, and to display, record, and process data in real time, calculating the heat transfer resistance, equivalent thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and operating temperature of the heat pipe.

2. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe performance test body includes a high-temperature heat pipe (1), a cooling component, a heating element (7) and an insulation layer (9). The insulation layer (9) wraps around the high-temperature heat pipe (1) and divides the high-temperature heat pipe (1) into three insulation sections: an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section. A cooling component is installed on the upper part of the high-temperature heat pipe (1). The cooling component includes an air gap sleeve (2) and a cooling water sleeve (3), forming a concentric sleeve structure. A heating element (7) is provided at the lower end of the high-temperature heat pipe (1).

3. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating element (7) is wrapped around the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1), and an insulating heat spreader (8) is provided between the heating element (7) and the high-temperature heat pipe (1).

4. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-temperature heat pipe (1) is a sodium heat pipe, a sodium-potassium heat pipe or a lithium heat pipe; the insulation layer (9) uses composite aluminum silicate and nanoporous materials as insulation materials and aluminum foil as a reflective layer.

5. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air gap sleeve (2) is installed in the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1). The upper end of the air gap sleeve (2) is provided with an upper thermocouple interface (4), an air inlet pipe (5) and an exhaust pipe (6). The upper thermocouple interface (4) is used to lead out the temperature measuring thermocouples of the top of the vacuum container and the cooling component. The air inlet pipe (5) is used to connect the cooling component charging valve (19b) and the gas storage bottle (21) to charge gas into the air gap sleeve (2). The exhaust pipe (6) is used to discharge the internal gas.

6. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air gap sleeve (2) is filled with a single-component gas or a gas with a different thermal conductivity to change its air gap thermal resistance.

7. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling water jacket (3) is a double-layered sleeve structure. The outer side is the cooling water inlet layer and the inner side is the cooling water outlet layer. An inlet pipe is provided in the inlet layer and an outlet pipe is provided in the outlet layer. Cooling water enters the inlet layer of the cooling water jacket (3) through the inlet pipe, then flows into the outlet layer of the cooling water jacket (3), and then flows out through the outlet pipe. The cooling component uses the circulating flow of cooling water in the cooling water jacket (3) to remove the heat from the heat pipe. By adjusting the gas composition and ratio of the air gap sleeve (2) and the cooling water flow rate, the cooling heat transfer resistance between the cooling water and the condensation section wall is adjusted, thereby changing the working temperature and heat transfer of the high-temperature heat pipe (1).

8. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heating element (7) is a silicon carbide rod, a silicon molybdenum rod, a graphite or nickel-chromium alloy resistance wire.

9. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the heating element (7) is powered on, the heat generated is conducted to the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) through the insulating heat spreader (8). After the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) is heated, the internal alkali metal working material in the evaporation section begins to evaporate and generate steam. The steam further transfers the heat to the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1). Under the cooling of the cooling component, the heat is transferred from the condensation section through the gas in the air gap sleeve (2) to the cooling water in the cooling water jacket (3), and is finally carried away by the flowing cooling water.

10. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The vacuum container includes a container cavity (10), a viewing window, and various interface components. The container cavity (10) is an openable sealed container with an overall cylindrical structure. It is mounted on an angle adjustment frame to achieve adjustable tilt angle. The upper and lower ends of the container cavity (10) are sealed by an upper flange (11) and a lower flange (12), respectively. The upper end is penetrated by a cooling component and sealed with a flange seal. The lower end of the container cavity (10) is provided with a lower thermocouple interface (13) and a lower electrical interface (14). The cavity wall is provided with a vacuum / gas filling interface (15) and a working fluid. The circulation interface (23) and the lower thermocouple interface (13) are used to lead out the temperature measuring thermocouple at the bottom of the vacuum container; the lower electrical interface (14) leads out the positive and negative electrical wires of the heating element (7); the vacuum / gas filling interface (15) is connected to the vacuum realization unit and atmosphere realization unit pipeline in the environmental control system to realize the vacuuming / gas filling in the vacuum container; the working fluid circulation interface (23) is connected to the temperature control unit pipeline in the environmental control system to realize the change of temperature in the vacuum container; the viewing window is set on the wall of the container cavity (10).

11. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The environmental control system includes a vacuum realization unit, an atmosphere realization unit, and a temperature control unit. The vacuum realization unit evacuates the container cavity (10) to achieve a high vacuum state inside the container cavity (10). The atmosphere realization unit fills the container cavity (10) with a specific type and pressure of gas. The temperature control unit is used to change the ambient temperature inside the container cavity (10) to achieve active and precise ambient temperature control.

12. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The vacuum realization unit includes a vacuum valve (16), a vacuum gauge (17), and a vacuum pump (18). The vacuum pump (18) is connected to the vacuum / filling interface (15) through the vacuum valve (16). A vacuum gauge (17) is provided between the vacuum valve (16) and the vacuum pump (18). The vacuum valve (16) is a high vacuum gate valve. The vacuum gauge (17) monitors the vacuum level of the container cavity (10) and the vacuum pipeline. The vacuum pump (18) consists of a back pump and a molecular pump. It evacuates the container cavity (10) through the vacuum valve (16) and the vacuum / filling interface (15).

13. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The atmosphere realization unit includes a container filling valve (19a), a pressure sensor (20), and a gas storage cylinder (21). The gas storage cylinder (21) is connected to a vacuum / filling interface (15) through the container filling valve (19a). A pressure sensor (20) is provided between the container filling valve (19a) and the gas storage cylinder (21). The gas storage cylinder (21) fills the container cavity (10) with a specific type and pressure of gas through the container filling valve (19a) and the vacuum / filling interface (15).

14. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The temperature control unit includes a heat sink (22), a circulation pump (24), and a working fluid container (25). The heat sink (22) is a heat exchange plate with an internal flow channel, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the container cavity (10). The heat sink (22) is connected to the working fluid circulation interface (23). The working fluid container (25) is connected to the working fluid circulation interface (23) through the circulation pump (24). The circulation pump (24) outside the container cavity (10) drives the high-temperature or low-temperature working fluid in the working fluid container (25) to circulate in the heat sink (22) through the working fluid circulation interface (23) to achieve the heating or cooling of the heat sink (22).

15. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The cooling circuit system includes a heat exchanger (26), a cooling water tank (27), an inlet valve (28), a pressure regulator (29), a drive pump (30), a flow meter (31), and an outlet valve (32). The bottom of the cooling water tank (27) is connected to the drive pump (30) via a pipe. The drive pump (30) is connected to the flow meter (31) and the cooling water jacket (3) via a pipe. An inlet valve (28) and a pressure regulator (29) are provided between the drive pump (30) and the cooling water tank (27). A heat exchanger is provided inside the cooling water tank (27). The heat exchanger (26) is connected to the cooling water jacket (3) through a pipe, and an outlet valve (32) is provided between them. The cooling water starts to flow under the drive of the drive pump (30), and the flow rate is measured by the flow meter (31). It then enters the cooling water jacket (3) to take away the heat from the heat pipe. It enters the heat exchanger (26) in the cooling water tank (27) through the outlet valve (32) to be cooled. It then continues to circulate through the inlet valve (28). The pressure regulator (29) is used to control the circuit pressure. The inlet valve (28) and the outlet valve (32) are electric regulating valves.

16. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electric heating system includes a programmable DC power supply (33) and related power supply lines. The programmable DC power supply (33) is connected to the lower electrical interface (14) through an electrical line and provides a heat source for the heat pipe evaporation section through a heating element (7).

17. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The measurement and control system includes relevant measuring instruments, a measurement and control cabinet (34), and a computer (35), which can measure in real time the pressure inside the vacuum container and the cooling circuit system; the temperature of the heat pipe, the cooling circuit system, the inside of the vacuum container, and the heat sink; the flow rate of the cooling circuit system and the temperature control unit; the liquid level of the cooling circuit system; and the current and voltage of the electric heating system.

18. A method for testing the performance of a high-temperature heat pipe with controlled environment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construct an environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device; S2. Construct the corresponding environment for the high-temperature heat pipe performance testing device built in S1; S3. Conduct high-temperature heat pipe performance tests and obtain relevant test results; S4. Adjust various operating parameters such as tilt angle, ambient temperature, heating and cooling power to conduct heat pipe performance tests under different operating conditions and obtain comprehensive heat pipe performance test results.

19. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing method according to claim 18, characterized in that, S1 includes the following steps: The condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe (1) is placed in the air gap sleeve (2) in the cooling assembly. The two are fixed and sealed by the sealing sleeve. The thermocouples that were arranged on the wall of the condensing section are led out from the upper thermocouple interface (4) and sealed by the sleeve. The thermocouples are connected to the measurement and control system to measure the temperature of the heat pipe wall. The heating element (7) and the insulating heat spreader (8) are wrapped around the heat pipe evaporation section, and the heat pipe is completely covered with an insulation layer (9). The heat pipe performance test body assembly is now complete. The heat pipe performance test body is placed inside a vacuum container. The upper end of the body passes through the container cavity (10) and is fixed and sealed by the upper flange (11). The positive and negative wires of the heating element (7) are led out from the electrical interface (14) at the lower end of the container cavity (10) and connected to the programmable DC power supply (33). The thermocouples arranged in the evaporation section and the insulation section of the heat pipe, as well as the thermocouples inside the container, are led out from the lower thermocouple interface (13) and connected to the measurement and control system. The entire vacuum container is placed on the tilt adjustment frame (36), and the angle is adjusted to conduct heat pipe performance tests at a certain tilt angle.

20. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing method according to claim 19, characterized in that, In step S2, a vacuum pump (18) is used to evacuate the container cavity (10) to a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When the pressure reaches 10 MPa, stop the vacuuming process and use a gas storage cylinder (21) to fill the container cavity (10) with 0.15 MPa of gas to create an atmospheric environment.

21. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing method according to claim 19, characterized in that, In step S2, a vacuum pump (18) is used to evacuate the container cavity (10) to a vacuum level of 1×10⁻⁶. -2 When Pa is maintained, a vacuum is drawn, and the circulation pump (24) is started to make the low-temperature working medium circulate in the heat sink (22) to achieve the cooling of the heat sink (22), thereby reducing the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. When the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + low-temperature environment construction is completed. Adjust the temperature control unit, start the circulation pump (24) to make the high-temperature working medium circulate in the heat sink (22) to achieve the heating of the heat sink (22), thereby increasing the ambient temperature inside the entire vacuum container to the specified temperature. When the temperature stabilizes, the vacuum + high-temperature environment construction is completed.

22. The environmentally controllable high-temperature heat pipe performance testing method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes the following steps: Gas such as nitrogen, argon, or helium is filled into the air gap sleeve (2) using a gas storage cylinder (21). The cooling water jacket (3) is connected to the cooling circuit through a metal hose. The drive pump (30) is started to run the cooling circuit. The inlet valve (28) is adjusted to make the cooling water flow rate reach a certain value. The cooling water flow rate and inlet and outlet temperatures are monitored until the parameters are basically stable. The electric heating system powers the heating element (7) to heat the heat pipe. Performance tests under certain working conditions are carried out by adjusting the electric heating power, cooling water flow rate, and gas composition and ratio in the air gap sleeve. The measurement and control signals are transmitted to the computer (35) via the measurement and control cabinet (34), and the computer collects and processes the relevant data to obtain the test results related to the performance of the high-temperature heat pipe.

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