Two-in-one sensor based on electric power temperature measurement and partial discharge, detection system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-in-one sensor, detection system and method based on electric power temperature measurement and partial discharge, and the sensor comprises at least one monitoring terminal disposed at a key node of monitored electric power equipment, and the monitoring terminal comprises a sensor housing and an open type sensor clamp fixedly connected with the sensor housing. An open type CT mutual inductor is embedded in the inner side of the sensor hoop; a temperature sensing module, an ultrasonic sensing module, a power supply unit for supplying power to each module, a main control core and a wireless communication module are arranged in the sensor shell; the invention belongs to the technical field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and achieves the technical effects that an open type CT mutual inductor, a high-precision temperature sensing and ultrasonic partial discharge sensing unit and an open type hoop with hinging and screw locking functions are subjected to three-dimensional integrated fusion design; extreme convenience that the sensor and the to-be-measured wire are installed in a cohesion mode, electricity is taken when the sensor is locked, and temperature is measured when the sensor and the to-be-measured wire are contacted is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of online monitoring technology for power equipment, specifically to a combined power temperature and partial discharge sensor, detection system, and method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern power systems, equipment such as switchgear, busbars, and cable terminals in substations are subjected to high voltage and high current loads for extended periods. The contact condition of their connection points and the integrity of the insulation medium directly affect the safety of the power grid. Equipment failure typically goes through a development process from the emergence of a hidden danger to eventual failure. The two most representative signs are abnormal heating and partial discharge. Abnormal heating often stems from increased contact resistance at conductor connections due to loosening or oxidation, or from prolonged overload operation. Its direct consequence is accelerated insulation aging and even fire. Partial discharge, on the other hand, is a micro-regional breakdown phenomenon that occurs under the influence of a strong electric field when defects exist inside or on the surface of the insulation medium. It is the most sensitive early sign of insulation degradation, but the discharge energy is weak, and initially, it produces almost no observable temperature rise. Currently, the main online monitoring methods commonly used in the power industry include wireless temperature measurement systems and partial discharge detection systems. Wireless temperature measurement systems monitor whether temperatures exceed limits by installing temperature sensors at heat-prone points; however, they can only detect faults that have developed into noticeable heat, and cannot predict insulation defects in their latent stages. Traditional partial discharge detection methods, such as the UHF method and pulse current method, can detect discharges, but they are often complex, inconvenient to install, and costly, and usually require power outages for deployment, making them difficult to implement on a large scale. In recent years, attempts have emerged to integrate temperature measurement and partial discharge functions, but these devices are mostly simple stacks of functional modules, with power supply, sensing, and communication modules operating independently. Installation requires separate fixing of the current transformer (CT) and sensor body, as well as connecting power and signal lines, making the process cumbersome and resulting in messy on-site wiring. This not only increases installation costs and power outage time, but the exposed cables and connectors are also susceptible to vibration, temperature differences, and condensation during long-term operation, becoming weak points in system reliability. More importantly, existing integrated devices typically treat temperature and partial discharge as two separate alarm channels, with data simply displayed side-by-side locally or in the background. This lacks in-depth information fusion and intelligent analysis, and maintenance personnel still need to rely on experience to judge the correlation between the two types of signals. It is difficult to automatically and accurately distinguish fault types, assess severity and development trends, resulting in untimely warnings or frequent false alarms, and failing to fully realize the potential value of multi-parameter monitoring. Therefore, it does not meet the existing requirements. In response, we propose a combined power temperature measurement and partial discharge sensor, detection system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides a combined power temperature measurement and partial discharge sensor, detection system and method to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: According to a first aspect of the present invention, a power temperature and partial discharge combined sensor detection system includes at least one monitoring terminal deployed at a key node of the monitored power equipment. The monitoring terminal includes a sensor housing and an open-type sensor clamp fixedly connected to the sensor housing. An open-type CT transformer is embedded inside the sensor clamp. The sensor housing contains a temperature sensing module, an ultrasonic sensing module, a power supply unit for each module, a main control core, and a wireless communication module. The signal output terminals of the temperature sensing module and the ultrasonic sensing module are connected to the input terminal of the main control core. The power supply unit is connected to the output terminal of the open-type CT transformer. The main control core is configured to perform the following steps: The temperature signal output by the temperature sensing module and the ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic sensing module are collected simultaneously. Based on the temperature signal and the ultrasonic signal, a joint feature vector is extracted and fused to generate the joint feature vector. The joint feature vector is matched with a pre-set two-parameter diagnostic rule base to determine the fault mode and the current stage of development. Based on the matching results, a structured diagnostic conclusion is generated that includes the fault type, development stage, and handling suggestions. The structured diagnostic conclusion is transmitted via the wireless communication module; In addition, a data collection and processing platform deployed in the monitoring center, which communicates with the monitoring terminals via a wireless network, is used to receive, store and visualize the structured diagnostic conclusions reported by each monitoring terminal.

[0005] Furthermore, the sensor clamp includes an upper clamp and a lower clamp. The top end of the upper clamp is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sensor housing. One end of the upper clamp and the lower clamp are rotatably connected, and the other end is detachably connected through a locking mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes a U-shaped frame one fixed to the lower clamp, a screw rod rotatably connected to the U-shaped frame one, a U-shaped frame two fixed to the upper clamp and slidingly engaged with the screw rod, and a T-shaped rod threadedly connected to the screw rod and pressing the U-shaped frame two.

[0007] Furthermore, mounting grooves are provided on the inner arc surfaces of the upper and lower clamps, and the open-type CT current transformer consists of two semi-circular current transformers, which are respectively embedded in the two mounting grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature sensing module includes a temperature probe that passes through a through hole in the sensor clamp and protrudes from its inner side so as to directly contact the surface of the conductor being measured when the clamp is locked.

[0009] Furthermore, the ultrasonic sensing module includes a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a preamplifier circuit, a bandpass filter circuit, and a limiting amplifier circuit connected in sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, the power supply unit includes a CT power supply and power management module and a battery connected in sequence, and the CT power supply and power management module includes a rectifier bridge and a filter regulator.

[0011] Furthermore, the step of extracting the joint feature vector specifically includes: calculating the real-time temperature value and short-term temperature change rate based on the temperature signal; calculating the time-domain effective value and pulse count rate based on the ultrasonic signal; and combining the real-time temperature value, short-term temperature change rate, time-domain effective value, and pulse count rate into the joint feature vector.

[0012] Furthermore, the triggering conditions of the rules in the dual-parameter diagnostic rule base are composed of temperature feature judgment sub-conditions and ultrasonic feature judgment sub-conditions combined through logical relationships.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of determining the current development stage of the fault includes: maintaining a state machine with an nascent stage, a development stage, and an acceleration stage, and driving the state machine to perform stage transitions based on whether the changing trend of the joint feature vector within the continuous monitoring period satisfies the preset two-parameter joint transition conditions.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention relates to a combined power temperature and partial discharge sensor, detection system, and method. By integrating an open-type CT transformer, a high-precision temperature sensor, and an ultrasonic partial discharge sensing unit into a three-dimensional integrated design with an open-type clamp that combines hinge and screw locking functions, it achieves extreme convenience: the sensor can be installed simply by clamping, powered immediately upon locking, and temperature measured immediately upon contact. This design ensures that the temperature probe and ultrasonic sensing unit are uniquely and permanently positioned relative to the monitoring point, achieving "same source, same time, same location" acquisition of temperature and partial discharge signals from the source. This lays an irreplaceable physical foundation for accurate correlation analysis in the backend. Furthermore, the "installation-power-on, locking-on-operation" characteristic completely eliminates the dependence on external power supplies and communication cables, greatly simplifying the system architecture from the field sensing layer to the data aggregation layer. 2. This invention relates to a combined power temperature and partial discharge sensor, detection system, and method, which constructs an intelligent diagnostic method based on deep dual-parameter collaboration. The system does not simply list temperature and ultrasonic data side-by-side, but treats them as an organic whole. It extracts and fuses temperature change trends with multi-dimensional ultrasonic features (such as amplitude, pulse, and spectrum) to form a joint feature vector, which drives a state machine model embedded with expert knowledge and dual-parameter association rules. This method enables the system to simulate the reasoning process, not only identifying the presence of anomalies but also accurately determining whether the anomaly belongs to a specific mode such as corona discharge, internal insulation defects, or pure contact overheating, and dynamically tracking its life cycle stages from "emergence," "development," to "acceleration." Therefore, the system outputs no longer raw data or simple over-limit alarms, but structured diagnostic conclusions with clear fault nature, development stage, confidence level, and specific maintenance suggestions, achieving a fundamental leap from "data acquisition" to "edge intelligent diagnosis." Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of a combined power temperature measurement and partial discharge sensor, detection system, and method proposed in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the sensor clamp. Figure 5 for Figure 4 A diagram showing the view from below; Figure 6 for Figure 6 A frontal view diagram; Figure 7 This is a top sectional view of the sensor housing; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the connection of system modules; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the diagnostic logic; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the diagnostic logic steps.

[0016] In the diagram: 11. Sensor housing; 12. Sensor clamp; 121. Upper clamp; 122. Lower clamp; 13. Mounting slot; 14. Open-type CT current transformer; 15. Through hole; 16. Temperature probe; 171. Rotating shaft one; 172. Protrusion; 173. Connecting sleeve one; 181. U-shaped frame one; 182. Rotating shaft two; 183. Connecting sleeve two; 184. Screw; 185. T-shaped rod; 186. Annular pressure plate; 187. U-shaped frame two; 2. PCB main board; 3. CT power supply and power management module; 4. Temperature sensing module; 5. Ultrasonic sensing module; 6. Main control core; 7. Wireless communication module; Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1; Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 A sensor, detection system and method based on a combination of electric temperature measurement and partial discharge, wherein the sensor mainly includes a sensor housing 11 and a sensor clamp 12 fixedly connected thereto; The sensor clamp 12 adopts an open structure, consisting of an upper clamp 121 and a lower clamp 122. The top end of the upper clamp 121 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sensor housing 11 to form a whole. The lower clamp 122 is connected to the upper clamp 121 through a set of ingenious rotating locking mechanisms to achieve quick opening and closing. Specifically, a rotating shaft 171 is fixedly installed at one end of the upper clamp 121, and a protrusion 172 with a connecting sleeve 173 is fixed at the corresponding end of the lower clamp 122. The hinge at one end is achieved through the rotational cooperation between the connecting sleeve 173 and the rotating shaft 171. At the other end of the clamp, a unique screw locking device is designed to ensure the clamp's tightness and stability after closure. A U-shaped frame 181 is fixed to this end of the lower clamp 122, with a rotating shaft 182 installed inside. A connecting sleeve 183 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 182. A screw 184 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 183. A U-shaped frame 187 is fixed at the corresponding position of the upper clamp 121, through which the screw 184 can pass and slide. Finally, a T-shaped rod 185 with internal threads is screwed into the screw 184, and the annular pressure plate 186 at the bottom of the T-shaped rod 185 presses against the U-shaped frame 187, thus achieving a secure mechanical lock at the other end of the clamp. This structure not only provides a large locking force to ensure stable sensor installation but also effectively copes with vibrations during equipment operation, preventing loosening. The sensor housing 11 houses an integrated sensing and detection unit. The core of this unit is a PCB motherboard 2, which integrates all the electrical functional modules of the system, including a battery as an energy storage unit, a temperature sensing module 4, an ultrasonic sensing module 5, a main control core 6, and a wireless communication module 7. The battery powers each module, and the temperature sensing module 4, ultrasonic sensing module 5, and wireless communication module 7 are all electrically connected to the main control core 6, which coordinates the data acquisition, processing, and communication tasks. As shown in the figure, the temperature probe 16 of the temperature sensing module 4 extends out from the through hole 15 reserved in the upper clamp 121. When the sensor clamp 12 is fastened to the wire 90, the temperature sensing surface of the temperature probe 16 can maintain a tight and stable physical contact with the outer wall of the wire 90 under the action of the locking force of the sensor clamp 12, thereby minimizing the contact thermal resistance. The core purpose of setting up temperature sensing module 4 is to directly monitor the heating status of the connection points of electrical equipment, which is one of the most intuitive and critical parameters reflecting whether the equipment is operating normally. It mainly solves the problem of continuous heating faults caused by increased contact resistance (such as loose bolts or surface oxidation) or overload. Such faults may not be accompanied by obvious partial discharge, but the temperature rise will continue to intensify, eventually leading to insulation failure or welding of connection points. In use, temperature sensing module 4 collects temperature digital signals once at a set period (e.g., every 10 seconds), and the main control core 6 calculates the temperature change rate (ΔT / Δt) in real time. When the temperature value exceeds the set absolute threshold (e.g., 70℃) or the change rate exceeds the threshold (e.g., 2℃ / minute), a local alarm flag will be triggered immediately. The ultrasonic sensor module 5 is a professional acoustic-to-electric conversion and signal conditioning system, which consists of a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a preamplifier circuit, a bandpass filter circuit with a center frequency of 39kHz, and a two-stage amplification and limiting circuit cascaded together. The core purpose of setting up the ultrasonic sensing module 5 is to achieve early, non-contact detection of partial discharge (PD) activity. Partial discharge is a clear indication of defects (such as air gaps, impurities, and cracks) or surface contamination within an insulation system (such as cable heads, post insulators, and busbar sheaths). In the early stages of discharge, its energy is weak and hardly causes a detectable temperature rise, but it continuously generates high-frequency ultrasonic signals. During use, when such early insulation degradation occurs inside the monitored power equipment, the generated ultrasonic signals will propagate through the equipment housing, insulating medium, etc. Although this device is installed on the conductor, its sensor housing 11 and sensor clamp... Unit 12 constitutes an effective vibration receiving structure; the mechanical vibration caused by ultrasonic waves is captured by a piezoelectric ceramic sensor and converted into a weak electrical signal; this signal is then initially amplified by a preamplifier circuit, and then filtered by a bandpass filter circuit to remove the main low-frequency mechanical noise and high-frequency electromagnetic interference in the environment, extracting the characteristic frequency signal representing partial discharge; finally, the signal is amplified and limited in two stages, and adjusted to a level range suitable for sampling by the ADC in the main control core 6, completing the complete conversion from mechanical vibration to a high-quality digital signal; the main control core 6 can determine the intensity and activity of partial discharge by analyzing the amplitude, pulse frequency and other characteristics of the digital signal. To achieve truly wireless and passive operation, the power supply unit is integrated with the installation structure. Specifically, mounting grooves 13 are provided on the inner arc surfaces of both the upper clamp 121 and the lower clamp 122. Each mounting groove 13 contains a semi-circular open-type CT transformer 14. When the sensor clamp 12 closes and grips the conductor, these two semi-circular transformers combine to form a complete annular magnetic circuit, which is fitted over the conductor. The CT power supply and power management module 3 is integrated on the PCB motherboard 2. This module includes a rectifier bridge and a filter regulator. The output of the open-type CT transformer 14 is electrically connected to the input of the rectifier bridge, converting the induced AC power into DC power. After processing by the filter regulator, the DC power is used to charge the battery, thus forming a self-sufficient micro-energy power supply system. Working principle: During on-site construction, the operator only needs to open the clamp, attach it to the conductor 90 to be tested, and tighten the T-shaped rod 185. This single action simultaneously completes three key steps: 1. Mechanically locking the sensor onto the equipment; 2. Making the open-type CT transformer 14 form a closed magnetic circuit and start to draw power from the conductor current; 3. Ensuring that the temperature probe 16 is in close contact with the conductor surface. The main control core integrates dual-parameter information to form an intelligent diagnostic matrix, which can more accurately determine the nature and severity of the fault. Mode A (Ultrasonic abnormality, normal temperature): strongly indicates early insulation defects or weak discharge; although the equipment can operate normally at this time, there are already hidden dangers; the system issues an early warning, prompting the arrangement of planned inspections, which solves the problem that traditional temperature monitoring cannot detect such latent faults; Mode B (abnormal temperature, normal ultrasound): indicates a purely thermal fault, such as a loose connection or overload; the system issues a thermal alarm, prompting you to check the mechanical connections or load conditions. Mode C (both ultrasound and temperature are abnormal): This indicates that the fault has entered a serious stage, and the insulation deterioration has developed to the point of producing a significant thermal effect; the system issues an emergency alarm, prompting an immediate power outage for maintenance, thus avoiding misjudgment or untimely response that may be caused by a single parameter. Mode D (both are normal): The device is operating healthily; By integrating temperature and ultrasonic sensors and endowing them with collaborative analysis capabilities, it not only solves the problem of ease of installation and maintenance, but also fundamentally improves the depth and reliability of condition monitoring. It enables comprehensive monitoring of power equipment from early insulation degradation to overheating of connection points, providing key technical equipment for the transformation from periodic maintenance to precise predictive maintenance, and has significant technological advancement and practical value. Example 2: Basically the same as in Example 1, but further: referring to Figure 9 - Figure 10 A diagnostic method based on a power temperature measurement and partial discharge dual-sensor is proposed. By deeply mining and intelligently associating the two heterogeneous sensor data of temperature and ultrasound, the monitoring system is endowed with a higher level of thinking and prediction capabilities. The core of this method is that temperature and ultrasonic signals are no longer regarded as two independent alarm sources, but as an organic whole "fault feature vector". The system analyzes the inherent relationship and temporal evolution of the two in real time, thereby realizing a comprehensive judgment on the fault type, development stage, severity and development trend. Specifically, the steps include the following: S1: Simultaneous acquisition of dual parameters; The main control core 6 uses precise timing control to synchronously trigger the temperature sensing module 4 and the ultrasonic sensing module 5 to acquire data; the temperature value is directly read in as a digital signal, and the ultrasonic signal is converted into high-frequency waveform data by ADC; the synchronization ensures the consistency of the time base for subsequent correlation analysis, which is the basis for accurate diagnosis; S2: Parallel feature extraction; This step is the core of data preprocessing in this method; the system executes two feature extraction tasks in parallel: temperature feature extraction: calculates the real-time temperature value (T) and the short-term temperature change rate (dT / dt), and compares it with the historical average to form a trend baseline; Ultrasonic feature extraction: The time-domain waveform is analyzed to extract the signal RMS value (US_rms) and pulse count rate (US_count); simultaneously, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed to analyze its spectral centroid and the energy proportion near 39kHz (US_energy_39k); the temperature feature and the ultrasonic feature together constitute a joint feature vector F, F=[T,dT / dt,US_rms,US_count,US_energy_39k]; S3: Primary judgment and diagnosis engine activated; The system first compares the temperature value and the ultrasonic amplitude with the preset basic safety thresholds; if any parameter exceeds the limit, or if the "feature fingerprint" shows a significant abnormal pattern even though it does not exceed the limit, the correlation diagnostic engine is immediately activated; this realizes the transformation from "passive response threshold" to "active identification of abnormal patterns"; S4: Correlation Diagnostic Engine; This step integrates a rule-based state machine model and executes the following sub-steps: Fault mode matching: The system matches the joint feature vector F acquired in real time with a pre-set diagnostic rule base; the core of the diagnostic rule base is that its rule conditions simultaneously include both temperature and ultrasonic features; for example: Rule R1: If US_energy_39k > threshold A and |dT / dt| < threshold B, then it matches the “corona discharge” mode; Rule R2: If US_rms > threshold C and US_count remains high while dT / dt remains stable in a low positive range, then the match is the "internal insulation degradation accompanied by thermal effect" mode. Lifecycle stage determination: The system maintains a state machine for each monitoring point, and the transition between its stages (initial stage, development stage, acceleration stage) is triggered by a two-parameter joint trend condition; for example: Conditions for entering the "development period": Within M consecutive cycles, US_rms continues to increase monotonically and the mean of dT / dt changes from approximately zero to a stable value greater than the threshold D; The conditions for entering the "acceleration period" are: d(US_rms) / dt and dT / dt rise rapidly and synchronously over N consecutive periods, and the correlation coefficient between the two exceeds the threshold E; 3. Adaptive anti-interference verification: The system uses the physical correlation of two parameters for cross-validation; specifically, it calculates the correlation coefficient ρ between the temperature sequence T(t) and the ultrasonic effective value sequence US_rms(t) within a short time window; if T(t) rises abnormally but |ρ| < threshold F, it is determined that the temperature rise may be caused by environmental factors, and its weight is reduced or masked in this diagnosis. S5: Generation and Output Hierarchical Decision Making; The diagnostic engine synthesizes the above analysis and outputs structured diagnostic conclusions, rather than simple "normal / abnormal" results. These conclusions include the fault type, current stage, confidence level, and recommended handling suggestions. For example: Conclusion A (Early Warning): "Corona discharge characteristics in the nascent stage have been identified, and the condition of the equipment insulation surface needs attention; it is recommended to focus on this during the next inspection;" - This conclusion solves the problem that traditional methods cannot detect latent defects; Conclusion B (Preventative Alarm): "Diagnosed as a connection point fault in the development stage (discharge accompanied by a steady temperature rise); it is recommended to perform tightening maintenance during planned power outages;" — This conclusion clarifies the nature of the fault and guides precise maintenance; Conclusion C (Emergency Alarm): "Confirmed as an internal insulation defect during the acceleration phase, with a rapidly deteriorating trend! It is recommended to arrange an immediate power outage for inspection;" — This conclusion provides a basis for judging the degree of urgency through correlation trend analysis; Step 6: Data Encapsulation and Reporting The main control core 6 encapsulates the original temperature value, ultrasound feature fingerprint code, local diagnostic conclusion code, etc. into a high-efficiency data packet and reports it through the wireless communication module 7. This greatly improves the utilization efficiency of wireless bandwidth, enabling the cloud platform to directly obtain high-quality semi-structured diagnostic information, which facilitates deeper global analysis and asset health management. Working principle: This method fuses temperature and ultrasonic signals into a joint feature vector and applies a diagnostic model and state machine based on two-parameter rules to simulate the comprehensive reasoning process of experts in fault diagnosis. It utilizes the different physical natures of temperature reflecting thermodynamic state and ultrasound reflecting micro-discharge activity, and by constructing correlation rules between the two in the time domain and trend, it achieves the suppression of single-parameter interference, the capture of early weak faults, and the tracking of fault evolution paths, thereby upgrading a simple data acquisition device into a diagnostic node with edge intelligence.

Claims

1. A detection system based on a combined power temperature and partial discharge sensor, characterized in that, include: At least one monitoring terminal is deployed at a critical node of the monitored power equipment. The monitoring terminal includes a sensor housing and an open-type sensor clamp fixedly connected to the sensor housing. An open-type CT current transformer is embedded inside the sensor clamp. The sensor housing houses a temperature sensing module, an ultrasonic sensing module, a power supply unit for each module, a main control core, and a wireless communication module. The signal output terminals of the temperature sensing module and the ultrasonic sensing module are connected to the input terminal of the main control core. The power supply unit is connected to the output terminal of the open-type CT current transformer. The main control core is configured to perform the following steps: The temperature signal output by the temperature sensing module and the ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic sensing module are collected simultaneously. Based on the temperature signal and the ultrasonic signal, a joint feature vector is extracted and fused to generate the joint feature vector. The joint feature vector is matched with a pre-set two-parameter diagnostic rule base to determine the fault mode and the current stage of development. Based on the matching results, a structured diagnostic conclusion is generated that includes the fault type, development stage, and handling suggestions. The structured diagnostic conclusion is transmitted via the wireless communication module; In addition, a data collection and processing platform deployed in the monitoring center, which communicates with the monitoring terminals via a wireless network, is used to receive, store and visualize the structured diagnostic conclusions reported by each monitoring terminal.

2. The power-temperature-partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor clamp includes an upper clamp and a lower clamp. The top end of the upper clamp is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sensor housing. One end of the upper clamp and the lower clamp are rotatably connected, and the other end is detachably connected through a locking mechanism.

3. The power-temperature and partial discharge combined sensor detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a U-shaped frame one fixed to the lower clamp, a screw rod rotatably connected to the U-shaped frame one, a U-shaped frame two fixed to the upper clamp and slidingly engaged with the screw rod, and a T-shaped rod threadedly connected to the screw rod and pressing the U-shaped frame two.

4. The power-temperature-partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper and lower clamps are provided with mounting grooves on their inner arc surfaces. The open-type CT transformer consists of two semi-circular transformers, which are respectively embedded in the two mounting grooves.

5. The power-temperature-partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature sensing module includes a temperature probe that passes through a through hole in the sensor clamp and protrudes from its inner side so as to directly contact the surface of the conductor being measured when the clamp is locked.

6. The power-temperature-sensor combined with partial discharge detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic sensing module includes a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a preamplifier circuit, a bandpass filter circuit, and a limiting amplifier circuit connected in sequence.

7. The power-temperature-partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes a CT power supply and power management module and a battery connected in sequence. The CT power supply and power management module includes a rectifier bridge and a filter regulator.

8. The power temperature measurement and partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for extracting the joint feature vector specifically include: calculating the real-time temperature value and short-term temperature change rate based on the temperature signal; calculating the effective value in the time domain and the pulse count rate based on the ultrasonic signal; and combining the real-time temperature value, short-term temperature change rate, effective value in the time domain, and pulse count rate into the joint feature vector.

9. The power temperature measurement and partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rules in the dual-parameter diagnostic rule base are triggered by a combination of temperature feature judgment sub-conditions and ultrasonic feature judgment sub-conditions through logical relationships.

10. A power-temperature-measuring partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steps for determining the current development stage of the fault include: maintaining a state machine with an nascent stage, a development stage, and an acceleration stage, and driving the state machine to perform stage transitions based on whether the changing trend of the joint feature vector within the continuous monitoring period meets the preset two-parameter joint transition conditions.

11. A combined power-temperature and partial discharge sensor, characterized in that, It includes a sensor housing, an open-type sensor clamp, an open-type CT transformer, a temperature sensing module, an ultrasonic sensing module, a power supply unit, a main control core, and a wireless communication module.

12. A method for operating the system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the power temperature measurement and partial discharge dual-sensor detection system according to any one of claims 1-10.

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