Optical fiber-based transmission system and method, signal processing method and related device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an optical fiber-based transmission system and method, a signal processing method and a related device, so as to solve the problems of obvious cross interference, prominent power coupling loss and limited system dynamic range in the existing optical fiber-based optical communication and energy cooperative transmission technology. The system comprises at least one first optical fiber core, at least one second optical fiber core, a transmitting end and a receiving end, the transmitting end comprises an information transmission module which is used for driving a first light source to output a corresponding first modulation optical signal based on an electric modulation signal obtained by modulating data to be transmitted to the receiving end, and the first modulation optical signal is directionally coupled to a first optical fiber core for transmission; the energy transmission module is used for outputting optical energy signals through a second light source and directionally coupling the optical energy signals to a second optical fiber core for transmission; the receiving end comprises a photoelectric detection module which is used for capturing a first modulation optical signal transmitted by a first optical fiber core; after the first modulation optical signal is demodulated, data information carried by the first modulation optical signal is recovered; the energy acquisition module is used for receiving the light energy signal transmitted by the second optical fiber core; and converting the optical energy signal into electric energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical fiber communication technology, and more specifically to an optical fiber-based transmission system, method, signal processing method, and related apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In modern communication technology, optical fiber is widely used for information transmission due to its advantages such as high bandwidth, low loss, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, with the rapid development of optical communication systems, new requirements have been placed on the application of optical fiber. Traditional optical fiber transmission systems typically only handle information transmission, while energy transmission relies on copper cables. This separate transmission method leads to redundancy and complexity in the wiring harness, increasing system weight, cost, and failure rate, while also limiting the development of lightweight and integrated systems. For example, these problems are becoming increasingly apparent in automotive systems.

[0003] In optical communication and power transmission scenarios, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology can simultaneously carry two types of core signals in a single transmission optical fiber: a high-power laser signal for power transmission and a high-speed modulated laser signal for information exchange. From a technical architecture perspective, the transmitter of this scheme is equipped with two laser sources of different wavelengths. The first source outputs high-power laser light that meets the power requirements for power transmission, while the second source outputs high-speed information laser light that has undergone modulation processing (such as amplitude modulation and phase modulation). Subsequently, the two different wavelength laser signals are connected to a wavelength division multiplexer, which combines them into a single multiplexed signal using the multiplexing function. This multiplexed signal is then injected into a single transmission optical fiber to complete long-distance transmission. At the receiving end, a wavelength division multiplexer adapted to the wavelength division multiplexer at the transmitting end is installed. Through the wavelength division function of the wavelength division multiplexer, the combined signal output from the transmission fiber is re-separated into a high-power laser signal and a high-speed modulated laser signal. The two types of signals after separation need to enter the corresponding processing units respectively. The high-speed modulated laser signal is connected to the photoelectric conversion module, and after photoelectric conversion, it is converted into an electrical signal to achieve subsequent information demodulation. The high-power laser signal is connected to the energy receiving module, and after energy conversion or direct utilization, energy recovery is completed.

[0004] Although WDM technology enables synchronous transmission of energy and data signals in a single fiber, this approach faces two core challenges in practical applications: physical layer coupling interference and nonlinear energy efficiency attenuation. These challenges directly restrict the system's transmission reliability and overall performance. First, there is a significant cross-interference mechanism. Due to the differences in signal characteristics (such as power density and frequency bandwidth) between high-power energy lasers and high-speed modulated data lasers, during the multiplexing / demultiplexing process at the transmitter and receiver, asymmetric frequency offsets will occur due to the uneven refractive index distribution inside the optical fiber or multiplexer. This frequency offset directly leads to the loss of phase and amplitude stability of the data signal, which in turn causes the system bit error rate (BER) to increase, and in severe cases, it may even destroy the integrity of data transmission. Secondly, the power coupling loss problem is prominent. The high power characteristics of the energy signal can easily excite the nonlinear effect of the optical fiber (typically stimulated Brillouin scattering). This effect will convert part of the power of the energy signal into backscattered light, which not only causes the loss of energy transmission itself, but also causes noise interference to the data signal transmitted on the same fiber, resulting in a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the data signal and reducing the signal recognition sensitivity of the data receiver. Third, the system's dynamic range is limited. The energy signal needs to maintain a constant power output to ensure energy transmission efficiency (such as meeting the power supply needs of remote devices), while the data signal power needs to be dynamically adjusted according to load changes (such as user access volume and data traffic fluctuations). The two have inherent conflicts in power optimization objectives and are difficult to achieve coordinated adaptation. Ultimately, the system either cannot match the dynamic transmission needs of the data signal due to fixed energy power, or sacrifices the stability of energy transmission due to data power adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an optical fiber-based transmission system, method, signal processing method, and related apparatus to address the problems of significant cross-interference, prominent power coupling loss, and limited system dynamic range in existing optical fiber-based optical communication and energy co-transmission technologies.

[0006] The embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: An optical fiber-based transmission system includes at least one first optical fiber core and at least one second optical fiber core, a transmitting end, and a receiving end; wherein: The transmitting end includes: an information transmission module, used to drive a first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on an electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating data to be transmitted to the receiving end, and to directionally couple it to a first optical fiber core for transmission; and an energy transmission module, used to utilize a second light source to output an optical energy signal and directionally couple it to a second optical fiber core for transmission. The receiving end includes: a photoelectric detection module, used to capture the first modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core; to demodulate the first modulated optical signal and recover the data information carried by the first modulated optical signal; and an energy harvesting module, used to receive the optical energy signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core; and to convert the optical energy signal into electrical energy.

[0007] A fiber-optic transmission method includes: driving a first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on an electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating data, and directionally coupling the signal to a first fiber core for transmission; and driving a second light source to output an optical energy signal and directionally coupling the signal to a second fiber core for transmission.

[0008] A signal processing method includes: demodulating a received modulated optical signal transmitted through a first optical fiber core to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal; and converting a received optical energy signal transmitted through a second optical fiber core to convert the optical energy signal into electrical energy.

[0009] A signal processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a first light source driving unit, configured to drive a first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on an electrically modulated signal obtained by modulating data, and to directionally couple it to a first optical fiber core for transmission; and a second light source driving unit, configured to drive a second light source to output an optical energy signal and to directionally couple it to a second optical fiber core for transmission.

[0010] A signal processing apparatus, comprising: a demodulation unit for demodulating a received modulated optical signal transmitted via a first optical fiber core to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal; and a conversion unit for converting a received optical energy signal transmitted via a second optical fiber core to convert the optical energy signal into electrical energy.

[0011] The technical solution provided in this application can achieve the following technical effects: This system employs an independent physical channel design, with the first fiber core transmitting modulated optical signals and the second fiber core transmitting optical energy signals. Combined with directional coupling technology, it achieves spatial isolation between the two types of signals, fundamentally preventing signal crosstalk. Furthermore, the two signals are generated by independent light sources, further reducing the risk of interference. Simultaneously, the information transmission module and the energy transmission module each drive their own dedicated light source, and the output signals are precisely matched to their corresponding fiber cores using directional coupling technology. This reduces scattering and leakage of optical signals during coupling, improving coupling efficiency and reducing power loss. Moreover, the information transmission and energy transmission links are completely independent. The modulation and photoelectric detection of the information signal are unaffected by fluctuations in the energy signal power, and the efficiency of energy harvesting is unaffected by interference from the information signal. The parameters of the two links can be optimized separately, overcoming the dynamic range limitations caused by signal superposition in the original system. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a specific structure of a fiber optic transmission system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based transmission system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the corresponding coupling structure between the optical interface and the multi-core optical fiber / fiber bundle on the transmitting end board of this transmission system; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a coordinated transmission process of downlink commands and optical energy from a central control unit when the solution provided in this embodiment is applied to a real-world scenario. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and uplink transmission process of a receiving end (sensor) when the solution provided in this embodiment is applied to a real-world scenario; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0015] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a fiber optic transmission system according to an embodiment of this application, comprising: Optical fiber 10 includes at least one first optical fiber core and at least one second optical fiber core; optical fiber 10 can be a multi-core optical fiber or an optical fiber bundle.

[0016] The transmitting end 20 includes an information transmission module 21 and an energy transmission module 22. The receiving end 30 includes a photoelectric detection module 31 and an energy harvesting module 32.

[0017] The information transmission module 21 is used to drive the first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on the electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating the data to be sent to the receiving end, and to directionally couple it to the first optical fiber core for transmission.

[0018] In one optional implementation, the information transmission module may specifically include: a data transmission and driving module, and a preamplifier and signal processing module. Wherein: The data processing and driving module is used to modulate the data to be sent to the receiving end to obtain an electrically modulated signal; and to drive the first light source to output a modulated optical signal using the electrically modulated signal. The preamplifier and signal processing module is used to amplify and condition the modulated optical signal, and then directionally couple the processed modulated optical signal to the first optical fiber core for transmission.

[0019] In some alternative implementations, the first light source may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: light-emitting diodes (LEDs), micro-LEDs, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), infrared light-emitting diodes (IR-LEDs), edge-emitting lasers (EELs).

[0020] In a specific example, the fiber optic transmission system 10 can be installed in a vehicle, and the receiving end can be an onboard sensor in the vehicle. The onboard sensor includes, but is not limited to, driving condition monitoring sensors, powertrain monitoring sensors, vehicle environment perception sensors, or in-vehicle condition monitoring sensors.

[0021] In such a scenario, the data to be sent to the receiving end can be instruction-type data sent to the vehicle-mounted sensors, such as including but not limited to: 1) Sensor operating mode commands: such as "switch to high-precision sampling mode", "adjust sampling frequency to 100Hz", etc.; 2) Data acquisition task instructions: such as "collect current tire pressure data", "start engine oil temperature monitoring", etc.; 3) Calibration / configuration commands: such as "Perform sensor zero-point calibration", "Update sensor communication protocol parameters", etc.; 4) Status control commands: such as "pause current data acquisition", "wake up the sensor in low power mode", etc.

[0022] In one optional implementation, the information transmission module 21 includes a photoelectric detection module. This photoelectric detection module is used to capture the second modulated optical signal transmitted back from the receiving end (such as an on-board sensor) through the third optical fiber core, and to demodulate the second modulated optical signal to recover the data information carried by the second modulated optical signal.

[0023] Here, the third fiber core can be the first fiber core, or it can be any fiber core other than the first fiber core and the second fiber core.

[0024] In one optional implementation, the photoelectric detection module described in this application embodiment may include: an optical signal input interface (such as an optical fiber adapter (such as FC / APC, LC / APC), an optical fiber collimator), a core photoelectric conversion unit (such as a photodetector (PD)), a signal conditioning unit (such as a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a main amplifier, a filter (low-pass / band-pass)), a demodulation unit (such as a demodulation chip / circuit), and a data recovery unit (such as a clock recovery circuit, a decision unit, and a decoding module).

[0025] In some optional implementations, when the receiver includes an onboard sensor, the second modulated optical signal transmitted back by the onboard sensor through the third optical fiber core is, for example, obtained by modulating (or encoding modulation) vehicle operating status data, environmental perception data, self-operating status data, and fault diagnosis data collected by the onboard sensor. This data includes, but is not limited to: 1) Vehicle operating status data: tire pressure and temperature data, engine coolant temperature and oil pressure data, braking system pressure and brake disc temperature data, power battery (new energy vehicle) voltage, current and SOC (remaining charge) data, motor speed and temperature data; 2) Environmental perception data: vehicle distance and relative speed data detected by millimeter-wave radar, point cloud data fragments of the surrounding environment generated by lidar, image feature data of road markings and obstacles collected by cameras, rainfall level data collected by rain sensors, and ambient light intensity data collected by light sensors. 3) Sensor operating status data: current sampling frequency, operating mode (e.g., high-precision mode / low-power mode), calibration status, and signal reception strength; 4) Fault diagnosis data: abnormal alarm information of sensor data (such as prompts that the data exceeds the threshold) and sensor hardware fault information (such as power supply abnormality and communication link interruption alarm).

[0026] The energy transmission module 22 is used to directionally couple the light energy signal output by the second light source to the second optical fiber core for transmission.

[0027] In some alternative implementations, the second light source may be one or more of the following: high-power infrared light-emitting diode (IR-LED), laser diode (LD), surface-emitting laser array (VCSEL array), and high-power visible-light LED.

[0028] The photoelectric detection module 31 is used to capture the first modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core; after demodulating the first modulated optical signal, it recovers the data information carried by the first modulated optical signal.

[0029] The energy harvesting module 32 is used to receive the optical energy signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core and convert the optical energy signal into electrical energy.

[0030] In one alternative implementation, the system provided in this application embodiment may further include an optical coupler.

[0031] The optical coupler's information signal input terminal is physically connected to the modulated light signal output terminal of the first light source; the optical coupler's light energy signal input terminal is physically connected to the light energy signal output terminal of the second light source.

[0032] The optical coupler is used to directionally couple the first modulated optical signal output from the modulated optical signal output terminal to the information signal input terminal to the first optical fiber core; and to directionally couple the optical energy signal output from the optical energy signal output terminal to the optical energy signal input terminal to the second optical fiber core.

[0033] The optical coupler in this embodiment is a passive optical device integrating multi-port optical signal distribution functionality. It includes an information signal input terminal, an optical energy signal input terminal, and corresponding output ports for optical fiber cores, possessing both directional signal transmission and physical isolation capabilities. The optical coupler functions to: directionally couple the first modulated optical signal output from the first light source to the first optical fiber core via a preset port-optical fiber core mapping structure, and simultaneously directionally couple the optical energy signal output from the second light source to the second optical fiber core, thereby achieving independent distribution of the two types of signals in the physical transmission channel.

[0034] In this embodiment, by utilizing the directional coupling function of the optical coupler, the modulated optical signal and the optical energy signal can be transmitted to independent optical fiber cores, thus blocking crosstalk between the two types of signals at the physical link layer and solving the problem of significant signal interference in existing systems. The physical adaptation design of the optical coupler's ports with the light source and optical fiber cores reduces scattering and leakage losses of the optical signal in the transmission link, further mitigating the prominent power coupling loss defect in the prior art.

[0035] In a specific example, when the receiver is an on-board sensor, the converted electrical energy can be used to power the receiver (on-board sensor).

[0036] The system provided in this application adopts an independent physical channel design where the first optical fiber core transmits modulated optical signals and the second optical fiber core transmits optical energy signals. Combined with directional coupling technology, spatial isolation between the two types of signals is achieved, fundamentally avoiding signal crosstalk. Simultaneously, the two types of signals are generated by independent light sources, further reducing the risk of interference. Furthermore, the information transmission module and the energy transmission module each drive their own dedicated light source, and the output signals are precisely matched to the corresponding optical fiber cores using directional coupling technology, reducing scattering and leakage of optical signals during coupling, improving coupling efficiency, and reducing power loss. In addition, the information transmission and energy transmission links are completely independent. The modulation and photoelectric detection of the information signal are unaffected by fluctuations in the energy signal power, and the efficiency of energy harvesting is not affected by interference from the information signal. The parameters of the two types of links can be optimized separately, overcoming the dynamic range limitations caused by signal superposition in the original system.

[0037] In a specific example, the fiber-optic transmission system provided in this application embodiment can be extended to, for example... Figure 2 The structure shown.

[0038] Figure 2 The system shown includes a central control unit, multi-core optical fibers or fiber bundles, and corresponding high-speed information transmission modules, high-efficiency energy transmission modules, and energy harvesting modules. Specifically: The left side is the transmitter, which integrates: Central control unit (which may be referred to as the first central control unit for distinction). High-speed information transmission module (equivalent to) Figure 1 The information transmission module 21 includes a data processing and driving module (its function is as described above), a Micro-LED communication light source (equivalent to the first light source), a preamplifier and signal processing module (its function is as described above), and a high-speed photodetector (equivalent to the photodetector included in the information transmission module 21 mentioned above). High-efficiency energy transfer module (equivalent to) Figure 1 The energy transmission module 22 contains a large-size LED (equivalent to a second light source).

[0039] The right side is the receiver, which integrates: Central control unit (which may be referred to as a second central control unit for distinction). The high-speed information transmission module includes a high-speed photodetector (equivalent to photodetector module 31), a preamplifier and signal processing module, as well as a Micro-LED communication light source, data processing and driving module. The energy harvesting module (equivalent to energy harvesting module 32) includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, and a voltage regulator module.

[0040] The functions of some of the modules mentioned above in the receiving end are as follows: The preamplifier and signal processing module is used to receive the weak electrical signal output by the high-speed photodetector. First, the signal amplitude is increased by a low-noise amplifier circuit, and then signal conditioning operations such as filtering and shaping are performed to filter out electromagnetic interference, optical noise and other noise introduced during signal transmission, and output a standard electrical signal that meets the demodulation requirements, providing a high-quality signal source for subsequent data recovery.

[0041] Micro-LED communication light source, as an uplink communication transmitter at the receiving end, generates a second modulated optical signal corresponding to the data collected by the receiving end (such as a sensor) under the drive of the electrical modulation signal output by the data processing and driving module. The signal is then directionally coupled to the first optical fiber core to realize the uplink data transmission from the sensor to the transmitting end (or the second central control unit).

[0042] The data processing and driving module demodulates the electrical signal output by the preamplifier and signal processing module to recover the command data sent by the transmitter and transmit it to the second central control unit. On the other hand, it modulates the status and perception data collected by the vehicle sensors to generate corresponding electrical modulation signals and drive the Micro-LED communication light source to generate a second modulation light signal.

[0043] The photoelectric conversion unit is used to receive the continuous optical energy signal transmitted by the second optical fiber core and convert the optical energy into DC electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is the core conversion device of the energy acquisition link at the receiving end and provides raw power for subsequent power processing and sensor power supply.

[0044] The MPPT circuit is used to monitor the output power of the photoelectric conversion unit in real time. By dynamically adjusting the circuit impedance matching parameters, the photoelectric conversion unit is always working at the maximum power output state, which improves the conversion efficiency of light energy to electrical energy and avoids the decrease in energy collection efficiency caused by changes in light intensity and temperature.

[0045] The voltage regulator module is used to receive the unstable DC power output from the MPPT circuit. Through voltage regulation and filtering, it outputs a stable DC voltage (such as 3.3V or 5V) that meets the operating requirements of the receiving end (such as a sensor), ensuring the power supply stability and reliability of the receiving end (such as a sensor) under different operating conditions.

[0046] also, Figure 2Multi-core optical fibers or fiber bundles are used as transmission media to enable independent transmission of modulated optical signals (information signals) and optical energy signals between the transmitting and receiving ends.

[0047] It should be noted that, in a specific example, the corresponding coupling structure between the optical interface on the transmitting end board and the multi-core fiber / fiber bundle in this transmission system can be as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0048] Figure 3 In the middle, on the left, is the on-board optical interface layout of the transmitting end: the on-board optical interface area integrates one large LED (orange circle) and five Micro-LED communication light sources (blue circles): Large-size LEDs serve as the secondary light source for the high-efficiency energy transmission module, used to output continuous light energy signals; Micro-LED communication light source is the primary light source for high-speed information transmission modules, used to output modulated light signals.

[0049] The right side shows the port layout of the multi-core fiber / fiber bundle: the port of the multi-core fiber / fiber bundle includes one energy fiber core (orange circle) and five information fiber cores (blue circles) that correspond one-to-one with the optical interface on the board. The position of each fiber core is precisely matched with the position of the light source of the optical interface on the board.

[0050] The large-size LEDs of the optical interface on the board are oriented and aligned with the energy core of the multi-core optical fiber, and the Micro-LED communication light source is oriented and aligned with the information core of the multi-core optical fiber. Through this layout, the optical energy signal output by the large-size LED can be oriented and coupled to the energy core, and the modulated optical signal output by the Micro-LED can be oriented and coupled to the information core, realizing independent and interference-free transmission of information and energy signals.

[0051] Based on the same inventive concept as the previous embodiments, this application provides a fiber-optic-based transmission method, the method comprising: Based on the electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating the data, the first light source is driven to output a corresponding first modulation optical signal, which is directionally coupled to the first optical fiber core for transmission. The second light source outputs an optical energy signal that is directionally coupled to the second optical fiber core for transmission.

[0052] In an alternative implementation, the entity executing the method may be, for example, the aforementioned first central control unit.

[0053] In an optional implementation, the method may further include: demodulating the received second modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core to recover the data information carried by the second modulated optical signal.

[0054] In a specific example, taking the on-board tire pressure monitoring sensor (TPMS) as the receiving end, the steps of the first central control unit (on-board main controller) in executing the information and energy coordinated transmission method are as follows: The first central control unit for information signal modulation and optical signal generation needs to send a "start high-precision tire pressure sampling" command to the tire pressure monitoring sensor. The command data is first preprocessed. The instruction is converted into a binary data stream (such as "1011001000110101"), and Manchester encoding is used to complete the signal modulation, generating an electrical modulation signal with alternating high and low levels. Subsequently, the electrical modulation signal is input to the driving circuit of the information transmission module, driving the first light source (such as micro-LED) to output a first modulated light signal (pulsed infrared light, wavelength 850nm) synchronized with the electrical modulation signal.

[0055] The first modulated optical signal is transmitted to the information signal input end of the optical coupler. Based on the preset port-fiber core mapping relationship, the optical coupler directionally couples the modulated optical signal to the first fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber and transmits it to the tire pressure monitoring sensor end along the optical fiber link.

[0056] Simultaneously with the generation and directional coupling of the optical signal, the first central control unit sends a "start power supply" control signal to the energy transmission module, triggering the second light source (such as a high-power IR-LED) to output a continuous and stable optical signal (power 500mW, wavelength 940nm). This optical signal is input to the optical signal input terminal of the optical coupler, which directionally couples it to the second fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber, transmitting it in parallel with the first modulated optical signal, and the two are free from physical crosstalk.

[0057] The timing control logic built into the first central control unit of the link synchronization control ensures that the output timing of the information signal and the energy signal is synchronized, so that the tire pressure monitoring sensor receives the sampling command in the first modulated light signal just after it has completed power supply and started up by receiving the light energy signal.

[0058] Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide an optical fiber-based transmission device, the device comprising: The first light source driving unit is used to drive the first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on the electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating the data, and to directionally couple it to the first optical fiber core for transmission. The second light source driving unit is used to drive the output light energy signal of the second light source to be directionally coupled to the second optical fiber core for transmission.

[0059] In one optional embodiment, the device may further include: a demodulation unit, used to demodulate the received second modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core, so as to recover the data information carried by the second modulated optical signal.

[0060] Based on the same inventive concept as the previous embodiments, this application also provides a fiber-optic-based transmission method, the method comprising: The received modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core is demodulated to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal; The received optical signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core is converted into electrical energy.

[0061] In an alternative implementation, the execution entity of the method may be, for example, the aforementioned second central control unit.

[0062] Taking the on-board tire pressure monitoring sensor (TPMS) as the receiving end as an example, the specific implementation of this method by the second central control unit (sensor local controller) is as follows: The second central control unit first sends a "signal reception start" command to the high-speed information transmission module at the receiving end, triggering the high-speed photodetector to enter the working state. When the first modulated optical signal (carrying the "start high-precision tire pressure sampling" command) transmitted by the first optical fiber core arrives at the receiving end, the high-speed photodetector converts the optical signal into a weak electrical pulse signal. After low-noise amplification, bandpass filtering, and waveform shaping by the preamplifier and signal processing module, a standard square wave electrical signal is output and transmitted to the second central control unit.

[0063] The second central control unit has built-in Manchester encoding demodulation logic, which performs inverse operations on the standard square wave electrical signal: it identifies the level transition edge in the middle of each bit period, interprets the "high → low" transition as binary "1" and the "low → high" transition as binary "0"; then it extracts the valid data segment according to the preset frame format (start bit 01 + data bits 1011001000110101 + check bit 11 + stop bit 10), and after confirming that there are no transmission errors in the data through CRC cyclic redundancy check, it converts the binary instruction data into an executable instruction - "Start high-precision tire pressure sampling, sampling frequency 100Hz, sampling duration 5s", to complete the recovery of the data information carried by the modulated optical signal.

[0064] While receiving the modulated optical signal, the second central control unit sends an "energy harvesting start" command to the energy harvesting module, triggering the photoelectric conversion unit to enter the working state. After the continuous optical energy signal (high-power IR-LED output, wavelength 940nm, power 500mW) transmitted by the second optical fiber core reaches the receiving end, the photoelectric conversion unit converts the light energy into unstable DC power through the photoelectric effect. The second central control unit controls the MPPT circuit to monitor the output power and voltage and current parameters of the photoelectric conversion unit in real time, and dynamically adjusts the circuit impedance matching parameters to ensure that the photoelectric conversion unit always operates at the maximum power output point. Subsequently, the unstable DC power is input to the voltage regulator module, and the second central control unit controls the voltage regulator module to stabilize the voltage at 3.3V (adapted to the working voltage of the tire pressure monitoring sensor), and finally outputs stable DC power to power the sensor's sampling module, communication module, and the second central control unit itself.

[0065] The second central control unit can have built-in timing synchronization logic to ensure that the energy harvesting start-up timing is earlier than the signal reception start-up timing (energy harvesting starts 200ms in advance), ensuring that the power supply system has completed stable operation before the sensor receives and executes the sampling command, and avoiding command execution failure due to insufficient power supply.

[0066] Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide a signal processing apparatus, which includes: The demodulation unit is used to demodulate the received modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core in order to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal. The conversion unit is used to convert the received optical energy signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core into electrical energy.

[0067] The following describes the embodiments provided in this application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system shown is further explained below: The high-speed information transmission module at the transmitting end outputs modulated optical signals via a Micro-LED communication light source, which are transmitted to the high-speed information transmission module at the receiving end via a designated core of a multi-core optical fiber or fiber bundle. The high-efficiency energy transmission module at the transmitting end outputs optical energy signals via a large-size LED, which are transmitted to the energy harvesting module at the receiving end via another designated core of a multi-core optical fiber or fiber bundle, ultimately achieving coordinated transmission of information and energy. The left side shows the central control unit at the transmitting end, and the right side shows the functional modules at the receiving end (multi-core optical fiber or fiber bundle). In this embodiment, the information transmission module 21 further utilizes a micro-LED light source. By employing micro-LEDs as the light source for high-speed information transmission, this system can achieve high-speed data encoding and decoding, ensuring low latency and high reliability in data communication. Micro-LEDs, due to their fast response speed and high modulation bandwidth, are particularly suitable for high-speed data modulation, significantly improving information transmission rates. In practical applications, micro-LEDs, in conjunction with dedicated driving circuits, achieve precise control of the modulation signal, thereby generating high-quality modulated optical signals in specific fiber cores of multi-core optical fibers or fiber bundles. The high-speed photodetector at the receiving end can accurately capture these modulated optical signals and recover the original data information through a matched filter and demodulation module, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of information transmission. This design not only fully utilizes the high-performance characteristics of micro-LEDs but also ensures efficient data communication under a separate energy transmission and information transmission architecture, providing solid technical support for real-time monitoring and data exchange in sensor networks.

[0068] For example, in this system, the high-speed information transmission module of the central control unit uses a micro-LED light source. A dedicated driving circuit encodes data into modulated optical signals, which are then transmitted bidirectionally via one fiber core in a multi-core optical fiber. This fiber core is specifically responsible for data transmission, ensuring high-speed transmission and low-latency interaction.

[0069] Furthermore, the information transmission module 21 is equipped with a receiving function to receive and process feedback signals from the receiving end, thereby achieving bidirectional communication capability. Specifically, in this embodiment, the information transmission module 21 also includes a preamplifier and signal processing module. After capturing the optical signal, the signal is preamplified and matched filtered, and then the demodulation module recovers the feedback signal from the receiving end. This design enables the system to respond promptly to feedback information from the receiving end, perform dynamic adjustments or status confirmations, and enhance the interactivity and adaptability of the system. Through a high-speed information transmission path, the central control unit can acquire the sensor's status and measurement data in real time, and simultaneously send control commands or configuration parameter updates to the sensors, ensuring the accuracy and real-time nature of the data. In practical applications, this bidirectional communication mechanism is crucial for achieving efficient management and intelligent scheduling of sensor networks. It not only promotes system optimization and adjustment but also improves the accuracy of fault detection and diagnosis, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire system. Of course, in other embodiments not shown, the data processing capability and storage capacity of the information transmission module 21 can be further enhanced by adding additional microprocessors and storage units, thereby better adapting to complex and ever-changing data communication needs. This design approach enables higher-level sensor network management and lays the foundation for subsequent technology upgrades and functional expansion.

[0070] Furthermore, the energy transmission module 22 includes a large-size LED as a light source (not shown). Large-size LEDs refer to the type of light source used for energy transmission, possessing higher light output capabilities and better efficiency due to their large size. This design choice is based on the high luminous efficiency and wide beam angle of large-size LEDs, enabling stable light energy transmission over long distances without considering conflicts between energy signal frequency and data signal frequency. The large-size LED is coupled to a specific fiber core in a multi-core optical fiber or fiber bundle, ensuring sufficient and stable optical power for the energy harvesting module at the sensor end through continuous light energy signal transmission. In practical applications, this configuration effectively improves energy transmission efficiency, reduces power loss due to optical signal attenuation, and thus enhances the overall power supply capacity and reliability of the system. Simultaneously, the larger luminous area of ​​the large-size LED increases the coupling tolerance with the fiber core, simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing production costs. Through this design, the central control unit can continuously and stably provide the required energy to the sensor while maintaining the normal operation of the high-speed information transmission module, achieving the goal of separating energy and information transmission. This also improves the overall performance and practicality of the vehicle sensor network.

[0071] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first fiber core 11 and the second fiber core 12 of the optical fiber 10 are physically isolated by optical isolation technology.

[0072] In this embodiment, the first fiber core 11 and the second fiber core 12 of optical fiber 10 are physically isolated using optical isolation technology. This design ensures that signal transmission between different fiber cores does not interfere with each other, effectively avoiding the thermal and nonlinear effects on information signals during energy transmission, as well as potential coupling interference between information signals and energy signals, thereby improving signal quality and energy utilization efficiency at the system level. Through physical isolation, even under conditions of parallel high-power energy transmission and high-speed data communication, the independence and stability of both can be maintained, enhancing the reliability and robustness of the entire sensor power supply and communication system. In practical applications, this isolation technology can be implemented by adding an optical isolation film between fiber cores, using special coatings or microstructures, ensuring the feasibility and practicality of the technical solution.

[0073] Furthermore, the photodetector module 31 of the receiver 30 employs a PIN photodiode to recover data information from the modulated optical signal. Utilizing the high response speed and low dark current characteristics of the PIN photodiode, the system can achieve accurate reception and demodulation of high-speed data. When the modulated optical signal is transmitted to the receiver through a dedicated optical fiber core, the PIN photodiode efficiently captures the optical signal and converts it into an electrical signal. Subsequently, the electrical signal is amplified by a preamplifier, noise is filtered out by a matched filter, and finally, the original data information is recovered in the demodulation module. This design ensures high data transmission speed and low bit error rate, improving the stability and reliability of the entire sensor power supply and communication system. When considering other embodiments, the photodetector module 31 can also be selected from other high-performance photodetectors, such as APDs (avalanche photodiodes), to further improve signal detection sensitivity and the system's communication distance.

[0074] Furthermore, the energy harvesting module 32 integrates a photoelectric conversion component, which is responsible for converting the received light energy signal into usable electrical energy. High-efficiency energy conversion is ensured by precisely matching the absorption band of the photoelectric conversion component with the light energy signal band emitted by the large-size LED in the high-efficiency energy transmission module. This design enables a stable and continuous power supply to the sensor terminal, eliminating the need for additional copper cable power lines and simplifying the network structure. The photoelectric conversion component and the high-speed information transmission module work in parallel; the former focuses on energy conversion, while the latter is responsible for demodulating and processing data signals. They are physically separated by a dedicated optical fiber core, avoiding mutual interference between signals and ensuring stable system operation and accurate data transmission.

[0075] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit and voltage regulator circuit integrated in the energy harvesting module 32 constitute the core of the photoelectric conversion component. This design aims to achieve refined and dynamic current control, ensuring high efficiency and stability of photoelectric conversion. The MPPT circuit can monitor the output power of the photoelectric converter in real time and adjust the operating point to achieve the maximum power state, maintaining optimal energy conversion efficiency even under changing external conditions. The voltage regulator circuit is responsible for stabilizing the converted DC power at a specific voltage level, providing a stable power supply for sensors and other electronic devices. In this way, even under conditions of optical power fluctuations or load changes, the power supply stability of the entire system is still guaranteed, extending the service life of the equipment and improving the reliability and continuity of data transmission. In subsequent implementations, the circuit design can be further optimized, such as by introducing multi-level voltage regulation strategies or adaptive MPPT algorithms, to adapt to a wider range of energy inputs and sensor load requirements, thereby enhancing the system's flexibility and versatility. Of course, the above embodiments can also be appropriately modified through software algorithm upgrades or hardware parameter fine-tuning without departing from the spirit of the invention to meet the special requirements of different application scenarios.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the system includes standardized fiber optic connectors (not shown) that support plug-and-play functionality for connecting fiber optic cable 10 to transmitter 20 and receiver 30. This design not only simplifies the system's cabling and installation process but also improves its modularity and maintenance convenience. By using standardized fiber optic connectors, the system can quickly adapt to different application scenarios, enabling flexible expansion while ensuring high reliability and low-loss signal transmission. The plug-and-play nature of the connectors allows users to easily connect and disconnect devices without specialized tools or complex configurations, thus saving time and costs in engineering implementation and subsequent maintenance. In addition, the broad compatibility of standardized fiber optic connectors further promotes the popularization of technology and the standardization process, providing a unified interface standard for device integration and network construction within the industry, enhancing the overall system performance and market competitiveness.

[0077] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes signal strength monitoring to dynamically adjust the transmission power of the optical signal. This mechanism automatically adjusts the output intensity of the light source at the transmitting end based on feedback results by real-time detection of energy and information signal attenuation during transmission, ensuring that the receiving end can stably obtain the required energy level and maintain high-quality data communication. The signal strength monitoring module continuously monitors the optical signal using optical return loss (ORL) technology or remote power monitoring protocol (RPMP). When the detected signal strength is lower than a preset threshold, the light source power is automatically increased to compensate for energy loss during transmission; conversely, the power is reduced to avoid energy waste. This dynamic power control strategy not only improves the overall energy efficiency of the system but also enhances the system's robustness and adaptability, ensuring stable energy supply and data transmission quality even under harsh environmental conditions.

[0078] Specifically, for the energy transmission module, the signal strength monitoring circuit in the central control unit periodically detects the feedback strength of the light signal. If a weakening is detected, it immediately adjusts the current or voltage parameters of the large-size LED to increase the light power output. For the information transmission module, the monitoring circuit uses bit error rate (BER) feedback to finely adjust the driving conditions of the micro-LEDs, preventing data transmission quality degradation due to signal attenuation. Through real-time monitoring and rapid response, the entire system can continuously optimize transmission performance, achieving efficient and reliable integration of energy and information functions. In practical applications, this monitoring and control mechanism effectively addresses signal strength changes caused by sensor position variations, fiber optic aging, or external environmental factors, ensuring long-term stable system operation.

[0079] like Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates a process for coordinated transmission of downlink commands and optical energy from a central control unit when the solution provided in this embodiment is applied to a real-world scenario. The process includes the following steps: 1. Central control unit sends instructions: The central control unit simultaneously sends working instructions to the high-speed information transmission module and the high-efficiency energy transmission module; 2. High-speed information transmission module performs data preprocessing: After receiving the instruction, the high-speed information transmission module performs preprocessing operations such as encoding and modulation on the data to be sent to the receiving end; 3. Micro-LED generates modulated light signals: The high-speed information transmission module drives the Micro-LED to output modulated light signals corresponding to the data based on the pre-processed electrical modulation signal; 4. High-efficiency energy transmission module triggers continuous operation of large-size LED: The high-efficiency energy transmission module responds to commands and controls the large-size LED to output a continuous and stable light energy signal; 5. Optical coupling into dedicated fiber cores: The modulated optical signal and optical energy signal are respectively coupled to the pre-allocated information fiber core and energy fiber core in the multi-core optical fiber or fiber bundle through optical couplers; 6. Signal transmission via fiber optic channel: Both types of signals are transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end through a fiber optic transmission channel; 7. High-speed photodetector captures modulated optical signal: The high-speed photodetector at the receiving end receives the modulated optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber and converts it into an electrical signal; 8. The photoelectric conversion unit converts light energy into direct current: The photoelectric conversion unit at the receiving end receives the light energy signal transmitted through the optical fiber and converts it into direct current; 9. Preamplification and signal processing: The receiving end performs low-noise amplification, filtering, and other signal conditioning operations on the electrical signal output from the high-speed photodetector; 10. MPPT circuit and voltage regulation module processing: The receiving end sequentially performs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) optimization and voltage regulation on the DC power; 11. The digital signal processing module performs demodulation and data recovery: The digital signal processing module at the receiving end demodulates the conditioned electrical signal to recover the original data information; 12. Sensor power supply: DC power, after MPPT and voltage regulation, provides a stable power supply to the sensor at the receiving end; 13. Data Output: The recovered raw data information is output to the target device at the receiving end (such as the sensor local controller).

[0080] like Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a data acquisition and uplink transmission process for a receiving end (sensor) when the solution provided in this embodiment is applied to a real-world scenario, including the following steps: 1. Sensor data acquisition: Onboard sensors at the receiving end (such as tire pressure monitoring sensors) collect target data such as vehicle operating status and environmental perception; 2. High-speed information transmission module performs data preprocessing: The high-speed information transmission module at the receiving end receives the data collected by the sensor, performs preprocessing operations such as encoding and modulation on it, and generates the corresponding electrical modulation signal; 3. Micro-LED generates modulated light signals: The high-speed information transmission module drives the Micro-LED to output modulated light signals corresponding to the returned data based on the pre-processed electrical modulation signal; 4. Optical coupling into a dedicated fiber core: The modulated optical signal is directionally coupled to the pre-allocated information fiber core in a multi-core fiber or fiber bundle through an optical coupler; 5. Fiber optic transmission channel for signal transmission: The modulated optical signal is transmitted from the receiving end (sensor) to the transmitting end (central control unit side) through the fiber optic transmission channel. 6. High-speed photodetector captures modulated optical signal: The high-speed photodetector at the transmitting end receives the modulated optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber and converts it into an electrical signal; 7. Preamplification and signal processing: The transmitting end performs low-noise amplification, filtering and other signal conditioning operations on the electrical signal output by the high-speed photodetector to obtain a standard electrical signal that meets the demodulation requirements; 8. The digital signal processing module performs demodulation and data recovery: The digital signal processing module at the transmitting end demodulates the conditioned electrical signal to recover the original data information transmitted back by the sensor; 9. Data output to the central control unit: The recovered raw data information is finally output to the central control unit, completing the data backhaul link from the sensor to the central control unit.

[0081] Based on the same inventive concept as the foregoing embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computing device to solve the problems of significant cross-interference, prominent power coupling loss, and limited system dynamic range in existing fiber-optic-based optical communication and energy co-transmission technologies.

[0082] like Figure 6 As shown, the computing device includes a memory 61 and a processor 62. The memory 61 can be configured to store various other data to support operation on the electronic device. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method used to operate on the electronic device. The memory 61 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0083] The processor 62, coupled to the memory 61, is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 61 for performing the fiber-optic transmission method and the signal processing method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0084] When the processor 62 executes the computer program in the memory 61, in addition to the functions described above, it can also perform other functions, as detailed in the descriptions of the preceding embodiments.

[0085] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the computing device also includes other components such as a display 64, a communication component 63, a power supply component 65, and an audio component 66. Figure 6The diagram only shows some components and does not mean that the computing device includes only these components. Figure 6 The components shown.

[0086] Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a computer, can implement the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0087] Accordingly, this application also provides a computer program product, which stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to implement the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0088] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0089] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A fiber optic-based transmission system, characterized in that, It includes at least one first optical fiber core and at least one second optical fiber core, a transmitting end and a receiving end; wherein: The transmitting end includes: an information transmission module, used to drive a first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on an electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating data to be transmitted to the receiving end, and to directionally couple it to a first optical fiber core for transmission; and an energy transmission module, used to utilize a second light source to output an optical energy signal and directionally couple it to a second optical fiber core for transmission. The receiving end includes: a photoelectric detection module for capturing a first modulated optical signal transmitted through a first optical fiber core; demodulating the first modulated optical signal to recover the data information carried by the first modulated optical signal; and an energy harvesting module for receiving an optical energy signal transmitted through a second optical fiber core and converting the optical energy signal into electrical energy.

2. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information transmission module includes: a photoelectric detection module; The information transmission module includes a photoelectric detection module, which is used to capture the second modulated optical signal transmitted back from the receiving end through the third optical fiber core, and demodulate the second modulated optical signal to recover the data information carried by the second modulated optical signal.

3. The transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The information transmission module includes: a data transmission and driving module, and a preamplifier and signal processing module; wherein: The data processing and driving module is used to modulate the data to obtain the electrical modulation signal; and to drive the first light source to output the modulated light signal using the electrical modulation signal. The preamplifier and signal processing module is used to amplify and condition the modulated optical signal, and then directionally couple the processed modulated optical signal to the first optical fiber core for transmission.

4. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission system further includes: an optical coupler; The information signal input terminal of the optical coupler is physically connected to the modulated light signal output terminal of the first light source; The optical coupler’s optical signal input terminal is physically connected to the optical signal output terminal of the second light source. The optical coupler is used to directionally couple the first modulated optical signal output from the modulated optical signal output terminal to the information signal input terminal to the first optical fiber core; and to directionally couple the optical energy signal output from the optical energy signal output terminal to the optical energy signal input terminal to the second optical fiber core.

5. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving end is an on-board sensor.

6. A transmission method based on optical fiber, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating the data, the first light source is driven to output a corresponding first modulation optical signal, which is directionally coupled to the first optical fiber core for transmission. The second light source outputs an optical energy signal that is directionally coupled to the second optical fiber core for transmission.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The received second modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core is demodulated to recover the data information carried by the second modulated optical signal.

8. A signal processing method, characterized in that, The method includes: The received modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core is demodulated to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal; The received optical signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core is converted into electrical energy.

9. A fiber optic-based transmission device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first light source driving unit is used to drive the first light source to output a corresponding first modulated optical signal based on the electrical modulation signal obtained by modulating the data, and to directionally couple it to the first optical fiber core for transmission. The second light source driving unit is used to drive the output light energy signal of the second light source to be directionally coupled to the second optical fiber core for transmission.

10. A signal processing apparatus, characterized in that, The device includes: The demodulation unit is used to demodulate the received modulated optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber core in order to recover the data information carried by the modulated optical signal. The conversion unit is used to convert the received optical energy signal transmitted through the second optical fiber core into electrical energy.

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