FSK and LORA dual-band adaptive switching method based on environmental perception

Abstract

The invention discloses an FSK and LORA dual-band adaptive switching method based on environmental perception, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting multi-dimensional parameters of a communication environment and a link state in real time, and carrying out the standardization processing of the multi-dimensional parameters; determining a weight coefficient of the multi-dimensional parameter based on an analytic hierarchy process, constructing a switching decision index in combination with the standardized multi-dimensional parameter, and setting an FSK frequency band starting threshold interval, an LOAR frequency band starting threshold interval and a transition state threshold interval according to a value range of the switching decision index; according to a real-time calculation result of the switching decision index, judging a communication frequency band which should be started at present, and if the communication frequency band is in a transition state, starting a frequency band pre-switching mechanism; and after the switching is completed, collecting a communication quality parameter under a new frequency band, if the communication quality does not reach a preset standard, triggering a model parameter fine tuning process, and dynamically optimizing a weight parameter and a threshold interval. According to the invention, the technical problem of how to realize self-adaptive and high-reliability switching of FSK and LORA dual bands based on environmental perception is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an environment-aware dual-band adaptive switching method for FSK and LORA. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication scenarios such as the Internet of Things (IoT), industrial control, and smart sensing, the stability, transmission efficiency, and energy consumption control of communication links constitute core technical requirements. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) technology boasts features such as simple architecture, controllable cost, and fast response speed, enabling efficient data transmission in short-range, low-interference communication environments. Long-range Radio (LORA) technology, with its superior anti-interference performance, long-distance transmission capability, and low power consumption, demonstrates significant technological advantages in complex electromagnetic environments and long-distance communication scenarios. However, in existing technical solutions, wireless communication terminals typically use only a single communication frequency band, either FSK or LORA, and cannot adaptively adjust to dynamically changing communication environments. When terminals using FSK technology are in strong interference and long-distance communication scenarios, they are prone to data packet loss and transmission interruptions. Terminals using LORA technology, on the other hand, suffer from lower transmission rates in short-range, low-interference environments, resulting in inefficient energy consumption and spectrum resource depletion. Some existing dual-band communication solutions trigger band switching based on only a single indicator (such as signal strength), lacking a comprehensive perception and evaluation of the communication environment. This leads to problems such as biased judgment of switching timing, frequent switching, or delayed switching, which in turn affects the quality of the communication link.

[0003] Patent document CN202410684502.4 discloses a long-distance radio communication method and related apparatus based on spreading factor indexing. The method includes: within one symbol period, dividing multiple information bits into index bits and modulation bits based on an optional number of spreading factors and an adjustable transmission rate parameter; mapping the index bits to a spreading factor sequence according to a preset combination rule and a preset sequence mapping table based on the optional number of spreading factors and the adjustable transmission rate parameter, generating a first chirp signal corresponding to each spreading factor; converting the modulation bits into decimal symbols associated with each spreading factor, modulating the decimal symbols into bearer signals, and multiplying the bearer signals by the associated first chirp signals to obtain and superimpose the second chirp signals associated with each spreading factor to obtain the transmission signal. Existing technologies have not solved the above-mentioned technical problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an environment-aware FSK and LORA dual-band adaptive switching method to solve the technical problem of how to achieve adaptive and highly reliable switching between FSK and LORA dual bands based on environment awareness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose an environment-aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to achieve adaptive and highly reliable handover between FSK and LORA dual-band based on environment awareness.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an environment-aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA, wherein the environment-aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Environmental and link parameter acquisition and standardization: The terminal device acquires multi-dimensional parameters of the communication environment and link status in real time, and performs standardization processing on the multi-dimensional parameters.

[0007] S2. Construction and evaluation of the handover decision model: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weight coefficients of multi-dimensional parameters are determined. Handover decision indicators are constructed by combining the standardized multi-dimensional parameters. Based on the value range of the handover decision indicators, the threshold range for enabling the FSK band, the threshold range for enabling the LOAR band, and the threshold range for the transition state are set.

[0008] S3. Dual-band adaptive handover execution: The terminal device determines the communication frequency band that should be used based on the real-time calculation results of the handover decision indicators. If it is in a transition state, the frequency band pre-handover mechanism is activated.

[0009] S4. Switching effect feedback and model optimization: After the switch is completed, the communication quality parameters under the new frequency band are collected. If the communication quality does not meet the preset standard, the model parameter fine-tuning process is triggered to dynamically optimize the weight parameters and threshold range.

[0010] One preferred option is that the multi-dimensional parameters include signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirements, and remaining battery power of the device.

[0011] In one preferred embodiment, the channel occupancy rate is obtained by calculating the proportion of signal activity duration of the target channel within a preset time window; the data transmission rate requirement is dynamically distributed to the terminal device by the upper-layer application based on the data type.

[0012] In one preferred embodiment, step S1 standardizes the multi-dimensional parameters, specifically as follows:

[0013] The multi-dimensional parameters collected from multiple sources are normalized, and the parameter values ​​are mapped to... Interval.

[0014] One preferred embodiment is that the normalization process employs a linear normalization method, including positive index processing and negative index processing;

[0015] Positive indicators are processed as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Negative indicators are handled as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, data transmission rate requirements, and remaining battery power are positive indicators, while channel occupancy rate is a negative indicator. The normalized positive indicator This is the normalized negative indicator. For the original multi-dimensional parameters, These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the original multidimensional parameters, respectively.

[0020] In one preferred embodiment, step S2 determines the weight coefficients of the multi-dimensional parameters based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), specifically as follows:

[0021] A hierarchical model is constructed, consisting of a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer. The target layer represents the optimal handover decision for dual-band frequencies, the criterion layer represents various environmental and link parameters, and the scheme layer represents the FSK band / LORA band.

[0022] The weight coefficients of the parameters of the criterion layer are calculated by pairwise comparison matrices, and a consistency check is performed.

[0023] One preferred embodiment is that the switching decision metric is:

[0024]

[0025] in, To switch decision indicators, These are the weighting coefficients for signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirement, and remaining battery power, respectively. The normalized signal strength, This represents the normalized signal-to-noise ratio. This represents the normalized channel occupancy rate. To meet the normalized data transmission rate requirements, This represents the normalized remaining power of the device.

[0026] In one preferred embodiment, step S2 sets the FSK band activation threshold range, the LOAR band activation threshold range, and the transition state threshold range based on the value range of the handover decision indicators, specifically as follows:

[0027] When switching decision indicators When this happens, the FSK band will be activated;

[0028] When switching decision indicators At that time, the LOAR band will be activated;

[0029] When switching decision indicators At this time, the terminal device enters a transition state.

[0030] One preferred embodiment is that the frequency band pre-switching mechanism includes: the terminal device simultaneously activates the FSK and LOAR dual-band communication modules, configures the communication parameters of the target frequency band based on the current environmental parameters, caches the untransmitted data of the current frequency band, and performs seamless data continuation after the communication link of the target frequency band is established, with the switching delay controlled within the first time threshold.

[0031] In one preferred embodiment, the communication quality parameters include packet loss rate and transmission delay; if the packet loss rate is greater than a first percentage or the transmission delay is greater than a second time threshold, the weighting coefficients of each parameter are adjusted, the weighting coefficients of parameters affecting communication quality are increased, and the threshold range is dynamically corrected.

[0032] The above-described technical solution of the present invention provides an environment-aware FSK and LORA dual-band adaptive handover method, comprising the following steps: environmental and link parameter acquisition and standardization processing; the terminal device acquires multi-dimensional parameters of the communication environment and link status in real time, and standardizes the multi-dimensional parameters; handover decision model construction and evaluation; the weight coefficients of the multi-dimensional parameters are determined based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a handover decision index is constructed in combination with the standardized multi-dimensional parameters; based on the value range of the handover decision index, the FSK band activation threshold range, the LORA band activation threshold range, and the transition state threshold range are set; dual-band adaptive handover execution; the terminal device determines the communication band that should be activated based on the real-time calculation results of the handover decision index; if it is in a transition state, a band pre-handover mechanism is initiated; handover effect feedback and model optimization; after the handover is completed, communication quality parameters under the new band are acquired; if the communication quality does not meet the preset standard, a model parameter fine-tuning process is triggered to dynamically optimize the weight parameters and threshold range. This invention solves the technical problem of how to achieve adaptive and highly reliable handover of FSK and LORA dual-bands based on environmental awareness.

[0033] In this invention, by collecting multi-dimensional environmental and link parameters, the limitations of single-indicator decision-making are overcome, which can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the state of the communication environment and provide reliable data support for frequency band switching decisions.

[0034] In this invention, the weight allocation and parameter standardization based on the analytic hierarchy process ensure the scientific and objective nature of the switching decision and avoid decision bias caused by differences in parameter magnitude.

[0035] In this invention, the pre-switching mechanism of the transition state enables seamless switching between dual frequency bands, effectively reducing switching delay and data packet loss risk, and ensuring the continuity and stability of the communication link.

[0036] In this invention, feedback and optimization are performed based on the switching effect, enabling the invention to adapt to dynamic changes in different scenarios, further improving communication quality and environmental adaptability, while reducing the power consumption of terminal devices. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of an environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for an adaptive handover method for dual-band FSK and LORA based on environmental awareness;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the analytic hierarchy process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state transition for dual-band switching according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] The realization of the objective, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0045] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0046] See Figures 1-4 According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an environment-aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA, wherein the environment-aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Environmental and link parameter acquisition and standardization: The terminal device acquires multi-dimensional parameters of the communication environment and link status in real time, and performs standardization processing on the multi-dimensional parameters.

[0048] S2. Construction and evaluation of the handover decision model: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weight coefficients of multi-dimensional parameters are determined. Handover decision indicators are constructed by combining the standardized multi-dimensional parameters. Based on the value range of the handover decision indicators, the threshold range for enabling the FSK band, the threshold range for enabling the LOAR band, and the threshold range for the transition state are set.

[0049] S3. Dual-band adaptive handover execution: The terminal device determines the communication frequency band that should be used based on the real-time calculation results of the handover decision indicators. If it is in a transition state, the frequency band pre-handover mechanism is activated.

[0050] S4. Switching effect feedback and model optimization: After the switch is completed, the communication quality parameters under the new frequency band are collected. If the communication quality does not meet the preset standard, the model parameter fine-tuning process is triggered to dynamically optimize the weight parameters and threshold range.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the multi-dimensional parameters include signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirement, and remaining battery power.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the channel occupancy rate is obtained by calculating the proportion of signal activity duration of the target channel within a preset time window; the data transmission rate requirement is dynamically issued to the terminal device by the upper-layer application according to the data type (real-time control data / non-real-time sensor data).

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, step S1 standardizes the multi-dimensional parameters by performing normalization processing on the collected multi-dimensional parameters and mapping each parameter value to... The interval eliminates the interference of differences in the magnitude of different parameters on the decision results.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the normalization process adopts a linear normalization method, including positive index processing and negative index processing;

[0055] Positive indicators are processed as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Negative indicators are handled as follows:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, data transmission rate requirements, and remaining battery power are positive indicators, while channel occupancy rate is a negative indicator. The normalized positive indicator This is the normalized negative indicator. For the original multi-dimensional parameters, These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the original multidimensional parameters, respectively.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, step S2 determines the weight coefficients of multi-dimensional parameters based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which involves constructing a hierarchical model of a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer. The target layer represents the optimal switching decision for dual-band communication, the criterion layer represents various environmental and link parameters, and the scheme layer represents the FSK band / LORA band. The weight coefficients of the parameters in the criterion layer are calculated using a pairwise comparison matrix, and a consistency check is performed to ensure the rationality and scientific nature of the weight allocation.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the switching decision metric is:

[0062]

[0063] in, To switch decision indicators, These are the weighting coefficients for signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirement, and remaining battery power, respectively. The normalized signal strength, This represents the normalized signal-to-noise ratio. This represents the normalized channel occupancy rate. To meet the normalized data transmission rate requirements, This represents the normalized remaining power of the device.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, step S2 sets the FSK band activation threshold range, the LOAR band activation threshold range, and the transition state threshold range based on the value range of the handover decision index, specifically as follows:

[0065] When switching decision indicators When this happens, the FSK band will be activated;

[0066] When switching decision indicators At that time, the LOAR band will be activated;

[0067] When switching decision indicators At this time, the terminal device enters a transition state.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the frequency band pre-switching mechanism includes: the terminal device simultaneously activates the FSK and LOAR dual-band communication modules, configures the communication parameters of the target frequency band based on the current environmental parameters, caches the untransmitted data of the current frequency band, and performs seamless data continuation after the communication link of the target frequency band is established, with the switching delay controlled within a first time threshold; the communication parameters include the operating frequency, channel bandwidth, and modulation coefficient; the first time threshold is 10ms, which is not specifically limited in this invention and can be set as needed.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the communication quality parameters include packet loss rate and transmission delay; if the packet loss rate is greater than a first percentage or the transmission delay is greater than a second time threshold, the weight coefficients of each parameter are adjusted, the weight of the parameter affecting communication quality is increased by 5%-10%, and the threshold range is dynamically corrected to expand the threshold range of the current optimal frequency band and reduce the frequency of invalid handovers; the first percentage is 5%, and the second time threshold is 100ms. This invention does not impose specific limitations, and the specific settings can be made as needed.

[0070] Specifically, in this embodiment, the terminal device is a smart sensor node in an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system. This node integrates a dual-band communication module of FSK (433MHz operating frequency) and LOAR (868MHz operating frequency). Upper-layer applications need to transmit real-time control commands (high-speed requirements) and non-real-time sensor data (low-speed requirements) through this node. The communication environment is an industrial production workshop (with mechanical electromagnetic interference and concurrent communication of multiple devices). The terminal device collects the following communication parameters in real time through its built-in signal detection unit and control unit: signal strength, measurement range -120dBm to -30dBm, data sampling frequency set to 10Hz; signal-to-noise ratio, measurement range -20dB to 30dB; and data sampling frequency. The sampling frequency is set to 10Hz; channel occupancy is monitored in real time using a dedicated channel monitoring module on the 433MHz and 868MHz channels, and the percentage of signal activity within a 1-second time window is statistically analyzed, with the data sampling frequency set to 1Hz; data transmission rate requirements are dynamically issued by the upper-layer application protocol, with real-time control commands requiring a rate of 100kbps (normalized to 1) and non-real-time sensor data requiring a rate of 10kbps (normalized to 0.1); the remaining battery power is detected within the range of 0% to 100%, with the data sampling frequency set to 0.1Hz; linear normalization is used to standardize the collected parameters, and the theoretical extreme ranges for each parameter are preset as follows:

[0071] Signal strength: =-120dBm, =-30dBm, standardized as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Signal-to-noise ratio: =-20dB, =30dB, standardized as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Channel occupancy rate: =0% =100%, standardized as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Data transmission rate requirements: =10kbps, =100kbps, normalized as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Remaining battery power: =0% =100%, standardized as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Switching Decision Model Construction and Evaluation:

[0082] Weight coefficient determination: A hierarchical model is constructed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Pairwise comparisons are performed on each parameter of the criterion layer to generate a pairwise comparison matrix and calculate the weight coefficients. After passing a consistency test (CR < 0.1), the weights of each parameter are determined as follows: =0.25, =0.3, =0.2, =0.15, =0.1;

[0083] Decision indicator calculation: Calculate the switching decision indicators :

[0084]

[0085] Threshold range setting: Set the switching decision criteria as follows: When the value is ≥0.7, the FSK band is activated. LORA band is enabled when ≤0.3, and <0.3 When the value is less than 0.7, the terminal device enters a transition state.

[0086] Dual-band adaptive switching execution:

[0087] When the terminal device transmits real-time control commands, the normalized value of the rate requirement is 1. If the collected parameters are RSSI = -50dBm (corresponding to RSSI' = (-50+120) / 90≈0.78), SNR = 20dB (corresponding to SNR' = (20+20) / 50 = 0.8), and channel occupancy rate = 20% (corresponding to 1- =0.8), =80% ( If the value is 0.8, then the switching decision indicator is:

[0088] =0.25*0.78+0.3*0.8+0.2*0.8+0.15*1+0.1*0.8=0.825≥0.7, at this time the terminal device enables the FSK band to achieve high-speed data transmission of 100kbps; where RSSI is the signal strength and SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0089] When the terminal device is far from the communication gateway, the collected parameters are RSSI=-100dBm (corresponding to RSSI'=(-100+120) / 90≈0.22), SNR=-5dB (corresponding to SNR'=(-5+20) / 50=0.3), channel occupancy rate=60% (1-channel occupancy rate'=0.4), and the data transmission rate requirement is non-real-time. =0.1), Remaining power of the equipment = 50% ( =0.5), then the decision indicator =0.29≤0.3, at this time the terminal device uses the LORA band to ensure smooth communication by taking advantage of its long-distance anti-interference capability;

[0090] When the decision index D=0.5 (in the transition state), the terminal device simultaneously activates the FSK and LORA dual-band communication modules, pre-configures the target frequency band's operating frequency, channel bandwidth, and other core communication parameters based on the current environmental parameters, and stores the untransmitted data of the current frequency band through the data cache unit; after the target frequency band communication link is detected and passed, the cached data is seamlessly connected to the new frequency band for transmission, completing the frequency band switch.

[0091] Handover effect feedback and model optimization: If the terminal device switches to the FSK band and the packet loss rate is 8% (exceeding the preset threshold of 5%), it is determined that the current communication quality does not meet the standard. In the current industrial environment, the signal-to-noise ratio parameter fluctuates greatly, which is the main factor causing the decline in communication quality. Therefore, the weight coefficient of the SNR parameter is adjusted from 0.3 to 0.35, and the lower limit of the activation threshold of the FSK band is increased from 0.7 to 0.75. The transition range of the LORA band is expanded to reduce the handover lag problem caused by the sudden drop in SNR.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, the present invention achieves comprehensive perception of the communication environment through multi-dimensional parameter acquisition, combines the analytic hierarchy process and the decision model of parameter standardization processing, ensures the seamlessness of frequency band switching through the pre-switching mechanism of the transition state, and finally improves the environmental adaptability of the method through the feedback optimization mechanism. The present invention can be widely applied to various wireless communication scenarios such as the Internet of Things, industrial control and smart wearables, and is especially suitable for application scenarios with dynamic environmental changes and dual requirements for communication quality and energy consumption control. It can effectively solve the technical limitations of single-frequency band communication and improve the stability and reliability of wireless communication.

[0093] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA based on environment awareness, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Environmental and link parameter acquisition and standardization: The terminal device acquires multi-dimensional parameters of the communication environment and link status in real time, and performs standardization processing on the multi-dimensional parameters. S2. Construction and evaluation of the handover decision model: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weight coefficients of multi-dimensional parameters are determined. Handover decision indicators are constructed by combining the standardized multi-dimensional parameters. Based on the value range of the handover decision indicators, the threshold range for enabling the FSK band, the threshold range for enabling the LOAR band, and the threshold range for the transition state are set. S3. Dual-band adaptive handover execution: The terminal device determines the communication frequency band that should be used based on the real-time calculation results of the handover decision indicators. If it is in a transition state, the frequency band pre-handover mechanism is activated. S4. Switching effect feedback and model optimization: After the switch is completed, the communication quality parameters under the new frequency band are collected. If the communication quality does not meet the preset standard, the model parameter fine-tuning process is triggered to dynamically optimize the weight parameters and threshold range.

2. The environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional parameters include signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirements, and remaining battery power.

3. The environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The channel occupancy rate is obtained by calculating the proportion of signal activity time of the target channel within a preset time window; the data transmission rate requirement is dynamically issued to the terminal device by the upper-layer application according to the data type.

4. The environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S1 standardizes the multi-dimensional parameters, specifically as follows: The multi-dimensional parameters collected from multiple sources are normalized, and the parameter values ​​are mapped to... Interval.

5. The environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to claim 4, characterized in that, The normalization process employs a linear normalization method, including positive index processing and negative index processing; Positive indicators are processed as follows: ； Negative indicators are handled as follows: ； Among them, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, data transmission rate requirements, and remaining battery power are positive indicators, while channel occupancy rate is a negative indicator. The normalized positive indicator This is the normalized negative indicator. For the original multi-dimensional parameters, These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the original multidimensional parameters, respectively.

6. A dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA based on environmental awareness according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Step S2, which determines the weight coefficients of the multi-dimensional parameters based on the analytic hierarchy process, specifically involves: A hierarchical model is constructed, consisting of a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer. The target layer represents the optimal handover decision for dual-band frequencies, the criterion layer represents various environmental and link parameters, and the scheme layer represents the FSK band / LORA band. The weight coefficients of the parameters of the criterion layer are calculated by pairwise comparison matrices, and a consistency check is performed.

7. The environmentally aware dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching decision indicators are: ； in, To switch decision indicators, These are the weighting coefficients for signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, channel occupancy, data transmission rate requirement, and remaining battery power, respectively. The normalized signal strength, This represents the normalized signal-to-noise ratio. This represents the normalized channel occupancy rate. To meet the normalized data transmission rate requirements, This represents the normalized remaining power of the device.

8. A dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA based on environmental awareness according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Step S2, based on the value range of the handover decision indicators, sets the FSK band activation threshold range, the LOAR band activation threshold range, and the transition state threshold range, specifically as follows: When switching decision indicators When this happens, the FSK band will be activated; When switching decision indicators At that time, the LOAR band will be activated; When switching decision indicators At this time, the terminal device enters a transition state.

9. A dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA based on environmental awareness according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The frequency band pre-switching mechanism includes: the terminal device simultaneously activates the FSK and LOAR dual-band communication modules, configures the communication parameters of the target frequency band based on the current environmental parameters, caches the untransmitted data of the current frequency band, and performs seamless data continuation after the communication link of the target frequency band is established, with the switching delay controlled within the first time threshold.

10. A dual-band adaptive handover method for FSK and LORA based on environmental awareness according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The communication quality parameters include packet loss rate and transmission delay; if the packet loss rate is greater than the first percentage or the transmission delay is greater than the second time threshold, the weighting coefficients of each parameter are adjusted, the weighting coefficients of the parameters affecting communication quality are increased, and the threshold range is dynamically corrected.

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