Biological preparation for inhibiting eggplant root rot and application thereof
The combined application of giant oyster mushroom residue and EM liquid has solved the problem of preventing and controlling eggplant root rot, achieving safe, economical and effective disease control, and improving eggplant production efficiency and soil quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAIYIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for controlling eggplant root rot present challenges such as soil pollution risks associated with chemical control and high costs with biological control, resulting in a lack of economical and safe control methods.
By combining the use of mushroom residue from *Agaricus bisporus* and EM (Effective Microorganisms) solution, beneficial microbial communities are formed by incorporating the mushroom residue into the soil and irrigating the roots with EM solution before transplanting eggplants. This inhibits the reproduction of Fusarium and enhances the root resistance of eggplants.
It significantly reduces the incidence of eggplant root rot, improves production efficiency and soil organic matter content, and improves the ecological environment, making it suitable for large-scale promotion.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vegetable disease control technology, specifically relating to a biological agent that inhibits the occurrence of eggplant root rot and its application. Background Technology
[0002] In eggplant production and cultivation, root rot is a common soil-borne disease that can occur throughout the entire growth period, especially after transplanting. It can lead to root rot, damping-off, and even the death of the entire plant, and is often an important factor affecting eggplant yield.
[0003] The main pathogen causing eggplant root rot is *Fusarium solani* (Mart.) Sacc., a common plant pathogen that can infect various plants. Currently, control of this pathogen primarily relies on chemical control techniques, such as applying methyl bromide to disinfect the soil or spraying with triadimefons. While these methods effectively suppress the pathogen and reduce the incidence of eggplant root rot, they inevitably introduce the risk of soil contamination, affecting the safety and quality of agricultural products. Biological control mainly utilizes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or other biological antibiotics, but the cost of these methods is often prohibitive for farmers, especially for large-scale application. Therefore, developing an economical, safe, and effective technology to reduce the occurrence of eggplant root rot has become an urgent problem to be solved in eggplant production.
[0004] *Stropharia rugosoannulata*, a large edible fungus belonging to the Basidiomycetes family, is one of the fungi recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for developing countries. Due to its strong resistance to contamination, simple and extensive cultivation techniques, and abundant sources of cultivation materials, primarily agricultural waste such as crop straw, *Stropharia rugosoannulata* is widely cultivated. Furthermore, it exhibits strong temperature adaptability and can overwinter naturally, leading to its widespread adoption in many areas. This results in a large amount of post-harvest mushroom residue. This residue contains not only various nutrients not utilized by the mushrooms, such as cellulose, lignin, and minerals, but also many intermediate products from the decomposition of *Stropharia rugosoannulata*, such as monosaccharides, peptides, and various active substances. Therefore, using *Stropharia rugosoannulata* mushroom residue as organic fertilizer is currently the most promising approach.
[0005] EM (Effective Microorganisms) is a mixed inoculant composed of more than 80 species of microorganisms from 10 genera, including actinomycetes, yeasts, and lactic acid bacteria. It is widely used in planting and animal husbandry. Studies have shown that EM has a positive effect on enhancing plant stress resistance, improving soil biological activity, and reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Summary of the Invention
[0006] Purpose of the invention: To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a biological agent that inhibits the occurrence of eggplant root rot, effectively reducing the incidence of eggplant root rot and improving the production efficiency and safety of eggplant.
[0007] This invention provides the application of the biological agent that inhibits the occurrence of eggplant root rot.
[0008] Technical solution: In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a biological agent for inhibiting the occurrence of eggplant root rot, comprising *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue and EM bacterial solution, wherein the *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue is the mycelium residue left after the harvest of *Agaricus bisporus*.
[0009] The preparation of the *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue is as follows: using 60-70% corn cob, 15-20% rice husk, 1-10% sawdust, 10-20% cow dung, and 1-2% quicklime as the growth substrate for *Agaricus bisporus*, adjusting the moisture content after harvesting the *Agaricus bisporus*, and the remaining mycelium residue is the *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue.
[0010] The raw material mentioned above is the culture medium prepared when cultivating giant king mushrooms, and is therefore called the raw material of giant king mushroom residue.
[0011] Furthermore, the raw material wood chips of the fungal residue in step (1) must not contain volatile aromatic odors (such as pine, cypress, etc.).
[0012] The effective viable bacteria count of the EM stock solution is 10. 6 CFU / ml or higher.
[0013] The application of the biological agent described in this invention for inhibiting eggplant root rot in suppressing the occurrence of eggplant root rot.
[0014] The application includes the following steps:
[0015] (1) Treatment of mushroom residue: After the large-cap mushrooms are harvested, adjust their moisture content to about 50-60%;
[0016] (2) Cover the mushroom residue from which excess moisture has been removed in step (1) with dry cow dung to form a mixture, and stir to mix evenly;
[0017] (3) Apply the mixture formed in step (2) evenly to the farmland soil where the eggplant seedlings are to be transplanted, plow and mix it evenly, and plow to a certain depth.
[0018] (4) Transplant healthy eggplant seedlings free from pests and diseases into the soil prepared in step (3);
[0019] (5) Inject the EM bacterial solution into the roots of the eggplant seedlings in step (4) by root irrigation.
[0020] In step (2), the mushroom residue after removing excess moisture is covered with dry cow dung to form a mixture, which is mixed in a weight ratio of 75~85:15-25 with the dry weight of the cow dung.
[0021] In step (3), the mixture formed is at a concentration of 10-15 t / hm. 2 Apply evenly to the farmland soil where eggplant seedlings are to be transplanted, plow and mix thoroughly, plow to a depth of 20-30cm, and keep the soil moisture content at 60-70% of the field capacity.
[0022] In step (4), healthy eggplant seedlings without pests or diseases are transplanted into the soil formed in step (3). At the time of transplanting, the seedlings are in the three-leaf-one-heart growth stage. The row spacing is 60-70cm and the plant spacing is 40-50cm.
[0023] In step (5), EM bacterial solution is injected into the roots of the eggplant seedlings in step (4) by root irrigation, with 5.0-10.0 mL injected into each seedling root.
[0024] Furthermore, in step (5), the total bacterial count of the EM bacterial solution is ≥ 10. 6 cfu / ml.
[0025] As a preferred embodiment, this invention utilizes *Stropharia macrocarpa* mycelium residue to control eggplant root rot: After harvesting *Stropharia macrocarpa*, the mycelium residue is mixed with a small amount of animal manure and incorporated into the soil tillage layer before eggplant transplanting. The soil moisture content is maintained at 60-70% of the soil's maximum water holding capacity. Simultaneously with eggplant seedling transplanting, EM (Effective Microorganisms) solution is applied via root irrigation. The mycelium residue, residual *Stropharia macrocarpa* mycelium, and the injected EM solution inhibit the reproduction of Fusarium wilt in the eggplant roots, while simultaneously enhancing the absorption of nutrients by the eggplant roots and increasing root resistance to pathogens, thereby reducing the occurrence of eggplant root rot.
[0026] The method for preparing and applying the mushroom substrate is as follows: A growth substrate for *Agaricus bisporus* is prepared using 60-70% corn cob, 15-20% rice husk, 1-10% sawdust, 10-20% cow dung, and 1-2% quicklime by mass. After harvesting the *Agaricus bisporus*, the moisture content is adjusted, and a small amount of animal manure (such as cow dung) is placed on top of the remaining substrate and mixed thoroughly. This mixture is then plowed into the topsoil (20-30cm). The application rate is approximately 15 t / hm². 2 Maintain soil moisture content at around 65%. Simultaneously, apply EM (Effective Microorganisms) through root irrigation when transplanting eggplant seedlings.
[0027] This invention proposes for the first time a method to inhibit eggplant root rot by combining *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue with EM (Effective Microorganisms) inoculant. The method uses the mycelium residue from *Agaricus bisporus* harvest as the main raw material, supplemented with dried cow manure, and applies it to the soil where eggplants will be transplanted, maintaining the soil moisture content at 60-70% of field capacity. Subsequently, eggplant seedlings that have reached the three-leaf stage are transplanted into the above soil and treated with EM solution for root irrigation. This invention effectively inhibits the occurrence of eggplant root rot, and the synergistic effect is significant.
[0028] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
[0029] 1. This invention utilizes the waste mushroom residue generated after the production of *Agaricus bisporus* as the main raw material. On the one hand, the abundant nutrients remaining in the residue replenish the eggplant's nutritional needs, enhancing its resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. On the other hand, the residual fungi and their secretions, along with EM (Effective Microorganisms) agents in the residue, rapidly form beneficial microbial communities around the eggplant roots through the principle of seroconversion, inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens such as *Fusarium*. Simultaneously, applying the waste mushroom residue to the soil around the eggplant roots helps increase soil organic matter content, improves the soil microbial living environment, and enhances the inhibitory effect of native microorganisms on pathogens.
[0030] 2. The materials used in this invention are safe and reliable, causing no pollution to the environment and solving the problem of pollution caused by the residue of *Pleurotus ostreatus* mushrooms, thus creating a good ecological environment and achieving zero emissions. It also increases soil organic matter content and improves soil structure.
[0031] 3. This invention has no special requirements for the environmental conditions for implementation and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application;
[0032] 4. This invention has strong reference value for the prevention and control of pathogenic microorganisms in other horticultural products. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.
[0034] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods.
[0035] Giant King Mushroom substrate: The growth substrate for Giant King Mushroom is made of 60-70% corn cob, 15-20% rice husk, 1-10% sawdust, 10-20% cow dung and 1-2% quicklime. After harvesting the Giant King Mushroom, the moisture content is adjusted to 50-60%, and the remaining substrate is collected. The above methods have basically the same effect on obtaining substrate.
[0036] In this specific embodiment, the following method is used: 60% corn cob, 15% rice husk, 15% cow dung, 8% sawdust, and 2% quicklime are used as the growth substrate for the cultivation of king oyster mushrooms; after the king oyster mushrooms are harvested, their moisture content is adjusted to 50-60%, and the remaining mushroom residue is collected.
[0037] The EM stock solution is a commercially available product, purchased from Zhengzhou Nongfukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product standard number: Q / HRTL 010-2018.
[0038] The eggplant variety is Suzaki No. 4.
[0039] Example 1
[0040] Mix the mushroom substrate with dried cow dung (20% of the total mass of substrate and dried cow dung) evenly, at a rate of 15 t / hm. 2 Apply the treatment evenly to the soil in the field where eggplant seedlings are to be transplanted, and till it evenly into the topsoil layer (25-30cm), maintaining the field moisture content at 65% of maximum water holding capacity. Use the same soil without any treatment, but with the moisture content adjusted to 65% of maximum water holding capacity, as the control soil. The topsoil layer of the control soil was also tilled.
[0041] Healthy eggplant seedlings free from pests and diseases were selected. The chosen variety was Suzaki No. 4, a purple-skinned eggplant. Transplanting was carried out in early May when the seedlings reached the three-leaf stage, with a row spacing of 60cm and a plant spacing of 50cm. One hundred seedlings were transplanted into each of the treatment and control groups. A pathogenic fungus solution was prepared using wild-type Fusarium oxysporum as a representative pathogen, with a final concentration of 3.5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 5 days after transplanting eggplants, administer 5.0 ml of the solution per hole at a concentration of cuf / ml.
[0042] Continue to maintain the soil moisture content at 65% of the field capacity, and cultivate at room temperature for 30 days to check the plant disease situation.
[0043] Example 2
[0044] The treatment of eggplant seedling transplantation and the concentration and amount of pathogen used are the same as in Example 1 above.
[0045] The EM stock solution was propagated using a specific ratio of stock solution: brown sugar: water = 1:1:50. The mixture was then fermented in a sealed container at room temperature (approximately 20-25℃) for 72 hours. The fermentation liquid was then diluted 1000 times, and 10.0 mL was injected into the base of each eggplant seedling during transplanting. The total bacterial count in the EM solution was approximately 6.2 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The concentration was cfu / ml, with 10.0 ml of water used as a control instead of EM fermentation broth.
[0046] Five days after transplanting eggplants, each seedling in each hole (including the control group) was treated with a fungal solution for root irrigation.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] The treatment of *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue is the same as in Example 1 above.
[0049] The treatment of eggplant seedling transplantation and the concentration and amount of pathogen used are the same as in Example 1 above.
[0050] Meanwhile, the EM fermentation broth was applied in the same manner as in Example 2 above.
[0051] Eggplant seedlings of the same batch were transplanted into the same soil with a soil moisture content of 65% of maximum water holding capacity, without any bacterial residue treatment or EM fermentation liquid. 10.0 mL of water was used instead of EM fermentation liquid. Five days after transplanting, seedlings treated with pathogen solution for root irrigation served as the control group.
[0052] Experimental Example 1
[0053] The disease status of the plants in Examples 1-3 was examined 30 days after seedling transplantation to characterize the inhibitory effect of the method on eggplant root rot.
[0054] The results of Example 1 showed that the disease incidence rate in the control group was 86.0%, while in the treatment with only Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium residue and dried cow manure as the main raw materials, the disease incidence rate was 53.0%, which was 33.0% lower than that in the control group.
[0055] The results of Example 2 showed that in the treatment with EM fungicide alone, the disease incidence rate of plants was 65.0%, which was 21.0% lower than that of the control.
[0056] The results of Example 3 showed that after treatment with fungal residue and EM agent, the disease incidence rate of plants was 39.0%, which was 47.0% lower than that of the control.
[0057] The above results indicate that using *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue (supplemented with cow manure) as the main raw material, combined with EM inoculant, has a significant inhibitory effect on the occurrence of eggplant root rot, which is mainly caused by *Fusarium solani*, and the synergistic effect is significant.
Claims
1. A biological agent for inhibiting the occurrence of eggplant root rot, characterized in that, It includes the mycelium residue of *Agaricus bisporus* and EM liquid, wherein the mycelium residue is the residue left after the harvest of *Agaricus bisporus*.
2. The biological agent for inhibiting eggplant root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue is as follows: using 60-70% corn cob, 15-20% rice husk, 1-10% sawdust, 10-20% cow dung, and 1-2% quicklime as the growth substrate for *Agaricus bisporus*, adjusting the moisture content after harvesting the *Agaricus bisporus*, and the remaining mycelium residue is the *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium residue.
3. The biological agent for inhibiting eggplant root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the EM bacterial solution is preferably 10. 6 CFU / ml or higher.
4. The application of the biological agent according to claim 1 for inhibiting the occurrence of eggplant root rot in the inhibition of eggplant root rot.
5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The application includes the following steps: (1) Treatment of mushroom residue: After the large-cap mushrooms are harvested, adjust the moisture content to 50-60%; (2) Cover the mushroom residue from which excess moisture has been removed in step (1) with dry cow dung to form a mixture, and stir to mix evenly; (3) Apply the mixture formed in step (2) evenly to the farmland soil where the eggplant seedlings are to be transplanted, and plow and mix it evenly. (4) Transplant healthy eggplant seedlings free from pests and diseases into the soil prepared in step (3); (5) Inject the EM bacterial solution into the roots of the eggplant seedlings in step (4) by root irrigation.
6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the mushroom residue after removing excess moisture is covered with dry cow dung to form a mixture. The dry weight ratio of mushroom residue to cow dung is 75-85:15-25. The mixture is stirred and mixed evenly.
7. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mixture formed in step (3) is at a concentration of 10~15 t / hm. 2 Apply evenly to the farmland soil where eggplant seedlings are to be transplanted, plow and mix thoroughly, plow to a depth of 20-30cm, and keep the soil moisture content at 60-70% of the field capacity.
8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (4), healthy eggplant seedlings free from pests and diseases are transplanted into the soil formed in step (3). At the time of transplanting, the seedlings are in the three-leaf-one-heart growth stage. The row spacing is 60-70cm and the plant spacing is 40-50cm.
9. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (5), EM bacterial solution is injected into the roots of the eggplant seedlings in step (4) by root irrigation, with 5.0-10.0 mL injected into each seedling root.