Liquid crystal medium and electronic component

Abstract

The present invention relates to liquid crystal media and liquid crystal materials comprising a) one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formula T, in which the radicals and parameters occurring have the meanings defined in claim 1, and to electronic components comprising the LC media, which can be operated in the visible (VIS), infrared (IR) or microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The invention further relates to the use of the LC medium in the IR, VIS or microwave region and to a device comprising the electronic component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media and electronic components incorporating the LC media, which can operate in the visible (VIS), infrared (IR), or microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The invention further relates to the use of the LC media in the IR, VIS, or microwave regions and to devices incorporating the electronic components. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid crystal media has been used for many years in electro-optical displays (liquid crystal displays: LCDs) to display information by amplitude modulation of polarized light in the visible area, and is widely used in TVs, monitors or portable devices such as tablet PCs, mobile phones and other displays.

[0003] Nematic liquid crystals have also been proposed for the phase modulation of light: The article McManamon PF, Dorschner TA, Corkum DL, Friedman LJ, Hobbs DS, Holz M, Liberman S, Nguyen HQ, Resler DP, Sharp RC, Watson EA. Optical phased array technology. Proc IEEE. 1996;84:268-298. doi:10.1109 / 5.482231 describes liquid crystal-based optical phased arrays for various types of sensor applications; the article Scott R. Davis, George Farca, Scott D. Rommel, Seth Johnson, Michael H. Anderson, “Liquid crystal waveguides: new devices enabled by >1000 waves of optical phase control,” Proc.. SPIE 7618, Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies V, 76180E (February 12, 2010); doi: 10.1117 / 12.851788 describes refractive beam manipulation using waveguide structures.

[0004] Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a miniaturized reflective active-matrix liquid crystal display or "microdisplay" that uses a liquid crystal layer on a silicon backplane. It is also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM).

[0005] The silicon backplane is an array of pixels, each with a mirror-like surface that can simultaneously act as an electrical conductor. Each pixel contains a fixed mirror covered by an active liquid crystal layer with a twisted nematic alignment, which can be switched to a vertical alignment by applying a voltage. LCoS microdisplays are small, typically less than 1.0 inch diagonally, but capable of achieving high resolutions from 1 / 4 VGA (78,000 pixels) to UXGA+ (over 2 million pixels).

[0006] Due to their small pixel size, LCoS displays also have extremely small cell thicknesses, typically around 1 micrometer. When the device operates in reflective mode, a low cell thickness is also required so that light travels through the LC layer twice. Therefore, the liquid crystal phase used in these displays must, in particular, have a high optical anisotropy Δn, compared to the low Δn required in conventional reflective LC displays. A small cell thickness is preferred, especially for applications requiring short response times, as the response time is proportional to the cell thickness and typically decreases quadratically.

[0007] High birefringence liquid crystal compounds often have an inherent smectic phase or induce the formation of a smectic phase when mixed with other liquid crystal compounds, which has an adverse effect on the low-temperature stability of displays.

[0008] Originally developed for projection televisions, LCoS is now also used for wavelength selective switching, structured illumination, near-eye displays, and optical pulse shaping. Computer-generated holograms can be encoded on spatial light modulators, which are arranged to modulate the amplitude and / or phase of incident light, forming part of a holographic projector as described in WO2020 / 015933 A1. Such projectors have been used in head-up displays (HUDs) and head-mounted displays (HMDs), including near-eye devices.

[0009] Another application of liquid crystal-based devices is optical detection and ranging (LiDAR) – a method for measuring distance by illuminating a target with laser light and measuring the reflection using a sensor. The difference between the laser return time and wavelength can then be used to form a digital 3D representation of the target. WO2019 / 24052 A1 proposes a holographic LiDAR system using, for example, an LCoS SLM.

[0010] One of the most important characteristics of a pure-phase LCoS device is its use of an optically nonlinear liquid crystal material that is sensitive to operating temperature. Although LCoS devices have historically focused on optical intensity modulation that is minimally affected by temperature changes, for pure-phase LCoS devices, optical phase modulation of the incident light is a necessary performance parameter, and it can be easily affected by small changes in operating temperature, resulting in significant changes in the output of the corresponding optical diffraction.

[0011] Another key challenge in developing next-generation LCoS devices is achieving high-speed, multi-stage phase modulation. Nematic LCoS devices have demonstrated the benefits of multi-stage phase modulation, but are limited by the slow response time of nematic LCs. This is particularly true in telecommunications applications, where the infrared wavelengths used require thicker devices, further slowing the response time. Therefore, a major materials challenge for these applications is finding suitable high-speed LC materials capable of delivering the full 2π phase depth required in these applications.

[0012] Therefore, there is a need for liquid crystal-based optical components, especially LCOS devices, which can operate in the visible or infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, have improved overall application-related characteristics, and have high birefringence and fast switching speed. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention was designed in view of the problems of the prior art described herein. Therefore, the general objective of this invention is to provide novel and applicable materials, devices, and techniques that can solve the problems described herein.

[0014] One objective of this invention is a liquid crystal medium comprising...

[0015] a) One or more compounds of formula I

[0016]

[0017] in

[0018] R 11 and R 12 The same or different representations of H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl, alkenoxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2- groups may be derived from H. , , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be substituted with fluorine.

[0019] L 11 L 12 L 13 They may represent H, CH3, Cl, or F in the same or different ways.

[0020] A 11The following are listed: 1,4-diyl phenylene, wherein one or two CH groups may be substituted with N and one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2, or OCF3; 1,4-diyl cyclohexane or 1,4-diyl cyclohexene, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with O and / or S independently and one or more H atoms may be substituted with F; 1,3-diyl pentane; 1,4-diyl cyclo[2.2.2] octane; 2,6-diyl spiro[3.3] heptane; 2,5-diyl tetrahydropyran; or 2,5-diyl 1,3-dioxane.

[0021] A 12 The symbol represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or two CH groups may be substituted with N and one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3, or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl or cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, preferably representing phenylene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3, or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl.

[0022] Z 1 This indicates a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-, preferably indicating a single bond.

[0023] n can be 0 or 1, preferably 1;

[0024] and

[0025] b) One or more compounds of formula T.

[0026]

[0027] in

[0028] R T1 and R T2 The groups may be represented, either identically or differently, by H, halogen, CN, SCN, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of these CH2 groups can be independently bonded to each other in a manner that prevents the O atoms from being directly bonded to each other. , , , , The following are substitutions: -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by halogens.

[0029] R T3 This indicates F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the CH2 group in these groups can be... , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by halogens.

[0030] A 0 A 1 , and A 2 Each of these groups independently represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or both CH groups may be substituted with N and one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3; cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be substituted with F; cyclohexene-1,4-diyl; bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl; bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl; spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl; tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl;

[0031] Z 1 and Z 2 Each of these can be represented independently as -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -C2F4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH2-, -CH2CFH-, -CF2CFH-, -CFHCF2-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, or a single bond;

[0032] n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3, preferably 0, 1, or 2, very preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 0; and

[0033] m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 1 or 2, especially 1.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic component comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention is provided.

[0035] The present invention further relates to an apparatus comprising the electronic component.

[0036] The present invention further relates to phase modulation of visible or infrared light in the visible or infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, preferably in the region of 420 nm to 750 nm, or in the A-band and / or B-band and / or C-band, for electro-optic purposes.

[0037] The medium according to the invention is characterized by an extremely high birefringence, wherein despite the high birefringence, excellent photostability is observed under blue light irradiation. The medium is further characterized by a high dielectric anisotropy and a low rotational viscosity. Therefore, the threshold voltage, i.e., the minimum voltage required for the switching device, is extremely low. Low operating voltage and low threshold voltage are necessary to enable the device to have improved switching characteristics and high energy efficiency. The low rotational viscosity enables the components and devices according to the invention to switch rapidly.

[0038] Due to the high brightness temperature, wide nematic phase range, and excellent low-temperature stability (LTS) of the liquid crystal medium used in the optical components according to the invention, the optical components according to the invention are characterized by excellent operational stability when exposed to the environment. Therefore, the component and the device containing the component can operate under extreme temperature conditions. Surprisingly, the temperature dependence of the birefringence of the liquid crystal medium is extremely small, i.e., Δn changes very little with temperature, which makes the device reliable and easy to control.

[0039] In particular, it has been recognized that the medium according to the invention is characterized by an advantageous high elastic constant.

[0040] The medium according to the invention is also applicable to components and devices for high-frequency technology and applications in the microwave range, particularly devices for microwave phase shifting, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam-controlled antennas (e.g., phased array antennas).

[0041] Therefore, according to another aspect of the invention, a component and an apparatus comprising the component are provided, both of which are operable in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Preferred components include a phase shifter, a varactor diode, a wireless and radio wave antenna array, a matching circuit, and an adaptive filter.

[0042] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following definitions apply.

[0043] As used herein, the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl, and especially preferably F.

[0044] In this document, the alkyl group is straight-chain or branched and has 1 to 15 C atoms, preferably straight-chain, and unless otherwise indicated, has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms, and is therefore preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl.

[0045] In this document, branched alkyl groups are alkyl groups having secondary and / or tertiary, preferably secondary, carbon atoms, and are preferably isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, isopentyl, 2-methylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl.

[0046] In this document, cycloalkyl means cycloaliphatic group or alkyl group, wherein the methylene group is replaced by a cycloaliphatic group (i.e., cycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkylalkyl), which may be saturated or partially unsaturated, and preferably represents cyclopropyl, methylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, cyclopent-1-enyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclopent-1-enylmethyl.

[0047] In this document, the alkoxy group is straight-chain or branched and contains 1 to 15 carbon atoms. It is preferably straight-chain and, unless otherwise indicated, has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms, and is therefore preferably methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy or heptoxy.

[0048] In this text, the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C-C double bond. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 7 carbon atoms. Therefore, it is preferably vinyl, propenyl or propenyl-2-enyl, butenyl, butenyl or butenyl-3-enyl, pentenyl, pentenyl, pentenyl, pentenyl or pentenyl-4-enyl, hexenyl, hexenyl-2-enyl, hexenyl-3-enyl, hexenyl or hexenyl-5-enyl, heptenyl, heptenyl-2-enyl, heptenyl-3-enyl, heptenyl-4-enyl, heptenyl-5-enyl or heptenyl-6-enyl. If the two carbon atoms of the C-C double bond are substituted, the alkenyl group may be in the form of E and / or Z isomers (trans / cis). Generally, the corresponding E isomer is preferred. Among the alkenyl groups, prop-2-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, pent-3-enyl, and pent-4-enyl are particularly preferred.

[0049] In this document, alkynyl means an alkynyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C-C triple bond. 1-propynyl and 2-propynyl, as well as 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl and 3-butynyl are preferred.

[0050] As used herein, the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum refers to the spectral region of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 0.75 µm to 1000 µm.

[0051] As used in this article, visible light refers to light with wavelengths in the range of 420 nm to 750 nm.

[0052] As used herein, blue light is light having a peak wavelength in the range of 420 nm to 490 nm, preferably 450 nm to 460 nm.

[0053] As used herein, infrared A (IR-A) refers to the spectral region of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 0.75 µm to 1.4 µm.

[0054] As used herein, infrared B (IR-B) refers to the spectral region of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 1.4 µm to 3 µm.

[0055] As used herein, infrared C (IR-C) refers to the spectral region of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 3 µm to 1000 µm.

[0056] Preferably, the optical components according to the invention operate at wavelengths in the range of 750 nm to 2500 nm, particularly 1530 nm to 1565 nm.

[0057] A highly preferred light source for use in the application according to the invention is an IR laser that emits light with a wavelength of 1.55 µm or an IR laser that emits light with a wavelength of 905 nm.

[0058] In this article, "high-frequency technology" means electromagnetic radiation applications with frequencies in the range of 1 MHz to 1 THz, preferably 1 GHz to 500 GHz, more preferably 2 GHz to 300 GHz, and especially preferably 5 GHz to 150 GHz.

[0059] In addition to compounds of formula T, the medium optionally contains one or more compounds of formula T*.

[0060]

[0061] in

[0062] R T1 , and R T2 A 0 A 1 A 2 Z 1 and Z 2 , n, and m have meanings given by equation T.

[0063] The compound of Formula I is preferably contained in the medium according to the invention at a total concentration of 10% to 70%.

[0064] In the medium according to the invention, the total concentration of one or more compounds of formula T and optional T* is preferably in the range of 1% to 25%.

[0065] Compounds of Formula I are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of Formulas I-1 to I-3, and particularly preferably selected from Formula I-3.

[0066] The groups appearing therein have the meanings given in Formula I above, and preferably in Formulas I-1 and I-2:

[0067] R 11 It is an alkyl or alkenyl group having at most 7 carbon atoms, most preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and

[0068] R 12 It is an n-alkoxy or alkenoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, most preferably an n-alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0069] Furthermore, in formula I-3, preferably...

[0070] R 11 It is an alkyl or alkenyl group having at most 7 carbon atoms, most preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and

[0071] R 12 It is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 carbon atoms, and most preferably an alkyl group having up to 5 carbon atoms.

[0072] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula I-1, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas I-1a to I-1d, preferably I-1a and / or I-1d, and most preferably I-1a.

[0073]

[0074] Where R 11 and R 12 It has the meaning given above.

[0075] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula I-2, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas I-2a to I-2f, preferably I-2a and / or I-2d, and most preferably I-2a.

[0076]

[0077] Where R 11 and R 12 It has the meaning given above.

[0078] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula I-3, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas I-3a to I-3d, preferably I-3a and / or I-3c and / or I-3d, and most preferably I-3d.

[0079]

[0080] Where R 11 and R 12 It has the meaning given above.

[0081] Preferably, the LC medium includes compound I, wherein A 0 It represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, where one or both CH groups can be replaced by N, and one or more H atoms can be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, OCH3, OCHF2, CF3, or OCF3.

[0082] A is particularly preferred. 0 Represents the following compounds

[0083] , , , or .

[0084] Very Special Selection A 0 express , or .

[0085] A in Formula I 1 and A 2 Preferably, it represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, which may also be mono- or poly-substituted with F. It also represents cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl. Phenylene-1,4-diyl is very preferred, which may also be mono- or poly-substituted with F, or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl.

[0086] Z in Equation I 1 and Z 2 Preferred representations are -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or single bonds, with single bonds being highly preferred.

[0087] A in Formula I 1 and A 2 Special preference indication , , , , or

[0088] Where L represents halogen, CF3 or CN, preferably F.

[0089] Furthermore, compound of formula I is preferred, wherein R 1 and R 2 Each of them independently represents H, F, or has 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, C atoms of an alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, each of which is optionally substituted with a halogen, particularly F.

[0090] R 1 and R 2 Preferably, H is represented by an optional fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an optional fluorinated alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or an optional fluorinated cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0091] Preferably, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is not H, and R is particularly preferred. 1 and R 2 Neither of them are H. R 1 Alkyl groups are highly preferred. 2 Further preferably, it is H, alkyl, or fluorine. Very particularly preferably, R 1 It is an alkyl group, and R 2 It is H or an alkyl group. R 1 R 2 Each and every one of them, very particularly preferred, represents a non-branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. If R 1 and R 2 If R represents a substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, then 1 and R 2 The total number of C atoms in the two groups is preferably less than 10.

[0092] Preferred compounds of formula T are selected from the following sub-formulas, more preferably from compounds of formula T-3:

[0093]

[0094] Where R T1 R T2 and R T3 With the meanings indicated by the formula T as described above, L is a halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2, or OCF3, preferably F, and r, s, and t are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. r is preferably 1 or 2, very preferably 2, and s and t are independently preferably 0 or 1, very preferably 0.

[0095] R T1 and RT2 In particular, R independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. T2 Alternatively, F, CHF2, CF3, OCHF2, or OCF3 can be used.

[0096] R T3 More preferably, it means F or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, very preferably F or CH3, especially CH3.

[0097] In a first very preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulas T-1 to T-6 are selected from compounds of formulas T-1a to T-6a, particularly compounds of formula T-3a:

[0098]

[0099] Where R T1 R T2 R T3 L, r, and s have the meanings defined above for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0100] In a second, very preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulas T-1 to T-6 are selected from compounds of formulas T-1b to T-6b, particularly formula T-3b:

[0101]

[0102] Where R T1 R T2 R T3 L, r, and s have the meanings defined above for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0103] In a third, highly preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulas T-1 to T-6 are selected from compounds of formulas T-1c to T-6c, particularly formula T-3b:

[0104]

[0105] Where R T1 R T2 R T3 L, r, and s have the meanings defined above for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0106] In a fourth, very preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulas T-1 to T-6 are selected from compounds of formulas T-1d to T-6d, particularly formula T-3d:

[0107]

[0108] Where R T1 R T2 RT3 L, r, and s have the meanings defined above for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0109] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas T-1a to T-6a and one or more compounds selected from formulas T-1b to T-6b.

[0110] Very particularly preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas T-3a, T-3c, and T-3d:

[0111]

[0112] Where R T1 R T2 R T3 L, r, and s have the meanings defined above for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0113] Alternatively, LC media comprising compounds of formula T are particularly preferred:

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[0117] Alternatively or additionally, compounds of formula T may be used:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula T is selected from the following sub-formulas:

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] Where R T1 It has the meaning defined in the above text for equation T and its sub-equations.

[0125] The medium preferably contains one or more compounds selected from formulas S1, S2, and S3.

[0126]

[0127] in

[0128] R S1 and R S2 Each time it appears, it represents H or a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted with CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, and one or more of the CH2 groups are such that the O and / or S atoms are independently bonded to each other in a manner that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other. , , , , The following are substitutions: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C-, or halogens, having 6, 5, 7, or 7 to 25 carbon atoms respectively, of aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or aralkyl groups, each unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with an alkyl group or halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0129] s is 0, 1, or 2, and

[0130] t can be 0, 1, 2 or 3.

[0131] G represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, which may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic, and is unsubstituted or monosubstituted with CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, and one or more CH2 groups are independently bonded to each other via -O-, -S-, or -NR in a manner that the O or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 0 -, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- substitution,

[0132] R 0 Indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0133] R 2 The symbol represents H, -O•, -OH, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy or arylalkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably H or -O•.

[0134] R 21 and R 22 The same or different refer to straight-chain or branched alkyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or R 21 and R 22 Together with the attached carbon atoms, they form cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0135] R 23 and R 24 The same or different refer to straight-chain or branched alkyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or R 23and R 24 Together with the attached carbon atoms, they form cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0136] Z 2 Each occurrence may represent -O-, -C(O)O-, OC(O)-, or a single bond, either identically or differently.

[0137] q is 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2, 3, or 4, and most preferably 2 or 4.

[0138] R ST The expression represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl, alkenoxy, or alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2- groups may be derived from H. , , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be substituted with fluorine.

[0139] Z ST Each of these can be independently represented as -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond.

[0140] Each occurrence may represent cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, pyran-2,5-diyl, or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, and

[0141] p is 0, 1, or 2.

[0142] The most preferred S1 compounds are those compounds in which R S2 At least one of the groups is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups may be replaced by -COO- or -O-CO- and be an aryl or alkylaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and X is preferably H or Cl. R is particularly preferred. S2 The groups are methyl, tert-butyl, 2-butyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,1,2,2-tetramethylpropyl and 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl.

[0143] Compound S1 is preferably selected from compound S1-1:

[0144]

[0145] in

[0146] R S1 It represents H, F, or Cl, preferably H or Cl, and

[0147] R 21 and R 22 The same or different representations of H or straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups can be independently bonded to each other in a manner in which the O atoms are not directly bonded to each other. , , , , The aryl or aralkyl group may be replaced by -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, or have 6 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0148] Especially preferred are compounds of formula S1-1 selected from the following:

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Or mixtures of these compounds. Compounds of formula S1-1a are particularly preferred.

[0152] Other suitable UV stabilizers are selected from the following formula:

[0153]

[0154] In formula S2, when q is 2, G can be a divalent straight-chain or branched aliphatic residue (saturated or unsaturated) having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic residue having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aralkyl residue having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent aryl residue having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0155] When q is 2, examples of group G are 1,2-ethylidene, 1,2-propylidene, 1,4-n-butylidene, 1,3-butylidene, 1,6-n-hexylidene, 1,7-n-heptylidene, 1,10-n-decylidene, 1,12-n-dodecylidene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylidene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-butylidene, 3-thia-1,5-pentylidene, 3-oxa-1,5-pentylidene, etc. 1,4-But-2-ene, 1,4-But-2-yne, 2,5-Hex-3-ene, 1,2-Cyclohexene, 1,3-Cyclohexene, 1,4-Cyclohexene, hexahydro-p-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, 1,2-Phenylidene, 1,4-Phenylidene, 2,2'-Biphenylene, 4,4'-Biphenylene, 2,6-Naphthylene, and 2,7-fluoroenylene.

[0156] In formula S2, when q is 3, G can be a trivalent straight-chain or branched aliphatic (saturated or unsaturated) residue having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, a trivalent alicyclic residue having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a trivalent aralkyl residue having 9 to 15 carbon atoms, or a trivalent aryl residue having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.

[0157] When q is 3, examples of group G are 1,2,3-trisubstituted propane, 1,2,4-trisubstituted butane, 2,5-dimethyl-1,2,6-trisubstituted hexane, 1,1,1-trimethylene-propane, 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclohexane, 1,3,5-trisubstituted cyclohexane, 1,3,5-trimethylenebenzene, and 1,2,7-trisubstituted anthracene.

[0158] In formula S2, when q is 4, G can be a straight-chain or branched tetravalent aliphatic residue (saturated or unsaturated) with 4 to 60 carbon atoms or a tetravalent alicyclic residue with 5 to 60 carbon atoms, such as tetramethylenemethane or 1,1,4,4-tetramethylenecyclohexane, or arylene-tetraalkylene or arylalkyl-arylene.

[0159] When n is 2, 3, or 4 and G is an aliphatic or alicyclic residue, each of these residues may be unsubstituted, halogenated, or intercalated with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or aryl or aralkyl residues. Aryl groups include fused rings, such as naphthalene, and one, two, three, or more aryl groups linked by single bonds or alkylene groups.

[0160] Group R 21 and R 22 and R 23 and R 24 Examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-hexyl, n-dodecyl, or together with R 21 and R 22 and R 23and R 24 The bonded carbon can form such as or . group.

[0161] Especially preferred substituent R 21 and R 22 and R 23 and R 24 It is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with methyl being the most preferred.

[0162] The most preferred S2 compound is selected from sub-formulas S2-1 and S2-2.

[0163]

[0164] Where G represents a divalent aliphatic group or a cyclic aliphatic group having 1 to 20 C atoms.

[0165] Examples of group G in formula S2-1 or S2-2 are optionally methylene, ethylene, or polymethylene having up to 20 carbon atoms; or inter-alkylene groups with one or two heteroatoms, such as divalent groups -CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2-, -CH2C(O)OCH2CH2O(O)CCH2-, -CH2CH2C(O)OCH2CH2O(O)CCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-C(O)O(CH2)4O(O)C-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2O(O)C(CH2)4C(O)OCH2CH2-, and -CH2CH2O(O)C(CH2)8C(O)OCH2CH2-.

[0166] G can also be an arylene-dialkylene group, such as p-xylene, benzene-1,3-bis(ethylene), biphenyl-4,4'-bis(methylene) or naphthalene-1,4-bis(methylene).

[0167] Other highly preferred S2 compounds are selected from compounds of formula S2-3.

[0168]

[0169] in

[0170] Sp, in each instance, may refer to a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups may be substituted with O in such a way that the O atoms are not directly bonded to each other, or may represent a single bond.

[0171] Particularly preferred, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula S2-1a or S2-2a, preferably S2-1a.

[0172]

[0173] in

[0174] R S3 The symbol represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably H or an ethyl group;

[0175] t is 0 or 1, and

[0176] q can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.

[0177] r is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and

[0178] s can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.

[0179] Particularly preferred are compounds of formula S2 selected from compounds of formulas S2-1a-1, S2-1a-2, S2-2a-1, and S2-3a-1. These compounds are characterized by very good solubility in liquid crystal media.

[0180]

[0181] Other preferred examples of the S2 compound are as follows:

[0182]

[0183]

[0184]

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] Where R 2 It has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or -O•.

[0189] Among the compounds of formula S3, compounds of formulas S3-1 to S3-4 are particularly preferred.

[0190]

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas II and III:

[0192]

[0193] in

[0194] R 2 and R 3 This refers to unsubstituted or halogenated straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups among these groups can be independently bonded to each other in a manner that prevents the O atoms from being directly bonded to each other. , , , , Substitute with -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-.

[0195] to and to The same or different , , , , , , , , , , , , , or ,

[0196] Preferred , , , , , or ,

[0197] L 21 L 22 L 31 and L 32 H or F may be represented in the same or different ways, with F being the preferred representation.

[0198] Y 2 and Y 3 They may represent H or CH3 in the same or different ways.

[0199] X 2 and X 3 The same or different representations of halogens, alkyl halides or alkoxy groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkenyl halides or alkenyloxy groups having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, preferably F, Cl, OCF3 or CF3, and most preferably F, CF3 or OCF3.

[0200] Z 3 The expression represents -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O-, or a single bond. Preferably, it represents -CH2CH2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, or a single bond, and most preferably, it represents -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, or a single bond.

[0201] l, m, n, and o are each independently 0 or 1.

[0202] Preferably, l+m is 2.

[0203] The total concentration of one or more compounds of formula II and / or III in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 5% to 45%.

[0204] Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula II-1 to II-3, and most preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula II-1 and II-3.

[0205]

[0206] The groups appearing therein have the corresponding meanings given in Formula II above and in Formula II-1, group L 23 and L 24 H or F are expressed independently of each other and independently of other parameters, and in Equation II-2, preferably...

[0207]

[0208] In equations II-1, II-2, and II-3, L 21 and L 22 or L 23 and L 24 F is preferred.

[0209] In another preferred embodiment of formulas II-1 and II-2, L 21 L 22 L 23 and L 24 All represent F.

[0210] The compound of formula II-1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas II-1a to II-1h, and more preferably II-1a, II-1b, II-1g and II-1h.

[0211]

[0212]

[0213] The groups that appear have the corresponding meanings given above.

[0214] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas II-1a to II-1h, wherein L 21 and L 22 and / or L 23 and L 24 Both are F.

[0215] In another preferred embodiment, the medium comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas II-1a to II-1h, wherein L 21 L 22 L 23 and L 24 All are F.

[0216] The most preferred compound of formula II-1 is

[0217]

[0218] Where R 2 It has the meaning given above.

[0219] Preferably, the compound of formula II-2 is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula II-2a to II-2c.

[0220]

[0221] The groups appearing therein have the corresponding meanings given above, and preferably, L 21 and L 22 All are F.

[0222] Preferably, the compound of formula II-3 is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula II-3a to II-3e, preferably II-3d and II-3e.

[0223]

[0224] The groups appearing therein have the corresponding meanings given above, and preferably...

[0225] L 21 and L 22 Both are F and L 23 and L24 All are H, or

[0226] L 21 L 22 L 23 and L 24 All are F.

[0227] The most preferred compound is formula II-3.

[0228]

[0229] Where R 2 It has the meaning given above.

[0230] The most preferred compound is of formula II-3d-1.

[0231] In addition to the preferred compound II mentioned above, the medium optionally comprises one or more compounds of formula II selected from compounds of formula IIA1 to IIA7:

[0232]

[0233] Where R 2 and X 2 It has one of the meanings given in Formula II or the preferred meanings given above and below.

[0234] The preferred compounds are those of formula IIA1, IIA2 and IIA3, and the most preferred are those of formula IIA1 and IIA2.

[0235] In compounds of formulas IIA1 to IIA7, R 2 Preferably, it represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; very preferably, it represents an ethyl or propyl group, and X 2 The preferred designation is F or OCF3, and the most preferred designation is F.

[0236] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III, preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-1 and III-2, and preferably compounds of formula III-2:

[0237]

[0238] The groups and parameters that appear have the corresponding meanings given in Formula III above.

[0239] Preferably, the compound of formula III-1 is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-1a and III-1b.

[0240]

[0241] The groups that appear have the corresponding meanings given above, and L 33 and L 34 H or F can be represented independently of each other.

[0242] Compounds of formula III-1a are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-1a-1 to III-1a-6.

[0243]

[0244] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0245] Preferably, the compound of formula III-2 is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2a to III-2m.

[0246]

[0247]

[0248] The groups that appear have the corresponding meanings given above, and L 35 and L 36 H or F can be represented independently of each other.

[0249] Preferably, the compound of formula II-2a is selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2a-1 to III-2a-4.

[0250]

[0251] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0252] Compounds of formula III-2b are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2b-1 and III-2b-2, and more preferably compounds of formula III-2b-2.

[0253]

[0254] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0255] Compounds of formula II-2c are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2c-1 to III-2c-5.

[0256]

[0257] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0258] Compounds of formula III-2d and III-2e are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2d-1, III-2d-2 and III-2e-1.

[0259]

[0260] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0261] Compounds of formula III-2f are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2f-1 to III-2f-7.

[0262]

[0263] Compounds of formula III-2g are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2g-1 to III-2g-7.

[0264]

[0265] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0266] Compounds of formula III-2h are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2h-1 to III-2h-5.

[0267]

[0268] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0269] Compounds of formula III-2i are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2i-1 to III-2i-3.

[0270]

[0271] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0272] Compounds of formula III-2j are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III-2j-1 to III-2j-3.

[0273]

[0274] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0275] Compounds of formula III-2k are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2k-1 to III-2k-6.

[0276]

[0277] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0278] Compounds of formula III-2l are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2l-1 to III-2l-6.

[0279]

[0280] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0281] Compounds of formula III-2m are preferably selected from compounds of formula III-2m-1:

[0282]

[0283] Alternatively, or in addition to compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2, the medium according to the invention optionally comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3.

[0284]

[0285] The functional groups and parameters have the corresponding meanings given in Formula III above, and are preferably compounds of Formula III-3a.

[0286]

[0287] Where R 3 It has the meaning given above.

[0288] In addition to the preferred compound III mentioned above, the medium may optionally contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas IIIA-1 to IIIA-21:

[0289]

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] Where R 3 and X 3 The compounds have one of the meanings given in Formula III or the preferred meanings given above and below. Preferred compounds are those of Formulas IIIA1, IIIA4, IIIA6, IIIA16, IIIA19, and IIIA20.

[0293] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0294]

[0295] in

[0296] R 41The term indicates a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched alkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkenyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by fluorine, preferably indicating a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0297] R 42 The term represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched alkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkenyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by fluorine, preferably representing a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and very preferably having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0298] The total concentration of one or more Formula IV compounds in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 4% to 35%.

[0299] Compounds of formula IV are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-4, and most preferably compounds of formula IV-3.

[0300] in

[0301] alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0302] alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0303] alkenyl indicates an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms.

[0304] 'alkenyl' means an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and especially preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0305] Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-1, more preferably compounds selected from formulas IV-1-1 to IV-1-6.

[0306]

[0307] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0308]

[0309] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-3, most preferably selected from compounds of formulas IV-3-1 to IV-3-7, particularly compounds of formulas IV-3-2 and / or IV-3-7:

[0310]

[0311] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, particularly a compound selected from formulas IV-4-1 and IV-4-2:

[0312]

[0313] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IVa and / or IVb.

[0314]

[0315] in

[0316] R 41 and R 42 They each independently possess the meaning of the above-described IV definition, and

[0317] express , , , or ,

[0318] Z 4 It represents a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8-, or -CF=CF-.

[0319] The total concentration of one or more compounds of formula IVa in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 5% to 15%.

[0320] The total concentration of one or more IVb compounds in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 10%.

[0321] The preferred IVa compounds are selected from compounds of formulas IVa-1 to IVa-4:

[0322] IVa-1

[0323] IVa-2

[0324] IVa-3

[0325] IVa-4

[0326] in

[0327] Alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0328] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises at least one compound of formula IVa-2.

[0329] The preferred IVb compounds are selected from compounds of formulas IVb-1 to IVb-3:

[0330]

[0331] in

[0332] alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

[0333] alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0334] Among the compounds of formulas IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0335] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IVb are selected from the following compounds:

[0336]

[0337] The medium according to the invention particularly preferably contains compound IVb-2-4.

[0338] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V.

[0339]

[0340] in

[0341] R 51 R 52 This indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkenoxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0342] and The same or different , , , , or ,

[0343] Z 51 Z 52 Each can be independently represented as -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, and

[0344] n is 1 or 2.

[0345] Compound V is preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-1, V-2, V-3, and V-4:

[0346]

[0347] The groups appearing therein have the meanings indicated above for formula V.

[0348] The total concentration of one or more compounds of formula V in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 10%.

[0349] The compounds of formula V-1 are preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-1-1 to V-1-8;

[0350] The compounds of formula V-2 are preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-2-1 to V-2-4; and

[0351] The compounds of formula V-3 are preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-3-1 to V-3-5:

[0352]

[0353]

[0354] Where R 51 and R 52 It has the meaning indicated by the above formula V.

[0355] R 51 and R 52 Preferably, each of the terms represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and each is independent of the other.

[0356] The most preferred compounds of formula V-2-1 are selected from compounds of formula V-2-1a to V-2-1g.

[0357]

[0358] The most preferred compounds of formula V-2-2 are selected from compounds of formulas V-2-2a to V-2-2i.

[0359]

[0360] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula VI-1 to VI-9.

[0361]

[0362] in

[0363] R 7 Each independently possesses the same characteristics as claimed in claim 5 regarding R. 2A One of the meanings indicated, and

[0364] w and x each represent 1 to 6 independently.

[0365] The total concentration of one or more compounds of formula VI-1 to VI-9 in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 10%.

[0366] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VII-1 to VII-21.

[0367]

[0368]

[0369]

[0370] in

[0371] R represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents -O- or a single bond, and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0372] Compounds of formulas VII-1, VII-2, VII-4, VII-20, and VII-21 are particularly preferred. In these compounds, R preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkoxy group. In compounds of formula VII-20, R preferably represents an alkyl or alkenyl group, especially an alkyl group. In compounds of formula VII-21, R preferably represents an alkyl group.

[0373] The total concentration of one or more compounds of formula VII-1 to VI-21 in the medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 10%.

[0374] In the implementation scheme, the medium contains

[0375] - One or more compounds of Formula I, wherein the total concentration ranges from 20% to 70%, preferably from 25% to 65%, more preferably from 30% to 55%.

[0376] and

[0377] - One or more compounds of formula T, wherein the total concentration ranges from 1% to 25%, preferably from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 3% to 17%.

[0378] and

[0379] - Preferably, one or more compounds of formula II and / or III, more preferably formula II, wherein the total concentration of compounds of formula II and / or III ranges from 7% to 45%, preferably from 10% to 40%, more preferably from 12% to 35%; the compounds of formula II are preferably selected from formulas II-1a, II-1g, and II-3d; the medium very preferably contains one or more compounds of formula II-1a and / or II-1g, with a total concentration of 4% to 20%, particularly 5% to 17%, and one or more compounds of formula II-3d, with a total concentration of 4% to 20%, particularly 5% to 18%;

[0380] and / or

[0381] Preferred are one or more compounds of formula IV, more preferably formula IV-3 and optionally IV-2, wherein the total concentration of the compounds of formula IV ranges from 4% to 35%, preferably from 6% to 30%, and very preferably from 7% to 27%; or one or more compounds of formula IV and IVa, preferably IV-3 and IVa-2, wherein the total concentration ranges from 10% to 45%, more preferably from 13% to 40%, and very preferably from 16% to 35%.

[0382] In a preferred embodiment, at 589nm (Na D At 20°C, the birefringence (Δn) of the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention is in the range of 0.180 to 0.400, preferably 0.190 to 0.310, more preferably 0.200 to 0.300, and very preferably 0.210 to 0.270.

[0383] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention has a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε in the range of 2.0 to 15.0, preferably 3.0 to 13.0, and particularly 5.0 to 12.0.

[0384] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal medium has a clearing point at 80°C or higher, preferably 90°C or higher, particularly preferably 92°C or higher, and very preferably 93°C or higher.

[0385] The nematic phase of the medium according to the invention preferably extends from at least 0°C or lower to 70°C or higher. Exhibiting an even wider range of nematic phases is advantageous for the medium according to the invention, preferably at least -10°C or lower to 80°C or lower, very preferably at least -20°C or lower to 85°C or higher, and particularly at least -30°C or lower to 90°C or higher, and very especially preferably at least -40°C or lower to 93°C or higher.

[0386] The tunability τ of the medium according to the invention, measured at 20°C and 19 GHz, is 0.200 or higher, preferably 0.210 or higher.

[0387] The preferred liquid crystal material has a material quality (η) of 6 or higher, preferably 8 or higher, very preferably 10 or higher, and especially 15 or higher.

[0388] In the corresponding components, the phase shifter quality of the preferred liquid crystal material is 15° / dB or higher, preferably 20° / dB or higher, preferably 30° / dB or higher, preferably 40° / dB or higher, preferably 50° / dB or higher, especially preferably 80° / dB or higher, and very especially preferably 100° / dB or higher.

[0389] An electronic component is provided, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, wherein a liquid crystal medium according to the invention is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and electrodes disposed on each substrate or two electrodes disposed on only one of the substrates for providing a potential across the liquid crystal material to drive a predetermined liquid crystal.

[0390] In one embodiment, the electronic component is operable in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, the liquid crystal medium in the component acts as a tunable dielectric and can be used in high-frequency technologies.

[0391] Preferred components include liquid crystal-based antenna components, phase shifters, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, matching networks, or varactor diodes.

[0392] Provide a microwave antenna array that includes one or more of these components.

[0393] In another embodiment, the electronic component is an optical component that can operate in the visible or infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, preferably a transmissive SLM.

[0394] In another preferred embodiment, the optical component is a reflective SLM.

[0395] In the optical device assembly according to the invention, the light modulation component (i.e., pixel) of the spatial light modulator is a cell containing the liquid crystal as described in claim 1. That is, the spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal device, wherein the optically active component is liquid crystal. Each liquid crystal cell is configured to selectively provide a plurality of light modulation levels. That is, each liquid crystal cell is configured at any given time to operate at one light modulation level selected from a plurality of possible light modulation levels. Each liquid crystal cell can be dynamically reconfigured to a light modulation level different from the plurality of light modulation levels.

[0396] LCOS devices provide a dense array of light modulation components or pixels within a small aperture (e.g., a few centimeters wide). Pixels are typically about 10 micrometers or smaller, producing a diffraction angle of a few degrees, meaning the optical system can be compact. LCOS devices are typically reflective, meaning the circuitry driving the pixels of the LCOS SLM can be buried under the reflective surface. This results in a higher aperture ratio. In other words, the pixels are densely packed, meaning there is very little dead space between them. This is advantageous because it reduces optical noise in the playback field. LCOS SLMs use a silicon backplane, which has the advantage of optically flat pixels. This is particularly important for phase modulation devices. Attached Figure Description

[0397] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment and with reference to Figure 1 A reflective spatial light modulator, particularly an LCoS device 100, is provided, comprising a liquid crystal material 140 as defined above, sandwiched between a transparent glass layer 110 having transparent electrodes 120 and a mirror 150 mounted on a silicon CMOS backplane 160 and a PCB holder (not shown). The mirror is divided into a two-dimensional array of individually addressable pixels. Each pixel can be individually driven by a voltage signal to provide a local phase transition to at least one polarization component of an optical signal, thereby providing a two-dimensional array of phase manipulation regions. Pre-alignment of the liquid crystal 140 is provided by alignment layers 131 and 132.

[0398] This LCOS device is suitable for integration into optical devices. The described LCOS SLM outputs spatially modulated light in a reflective manner. Reflective LCOS SLMs have the advantage of having signal lines, gate lines, and transistors below the mirror surface, resulting in a high fill factor (typically greater than 90%) and high resolution. Another advantage of using a reflective LCOS spatial light modulator is that the liquid crystal layer can be half the thickness required when using a transmissive device. This significantly improves the switching speed of the liquid crystal (a key advantage for projecting moving video images). However, the teachings of this invention can also be implemented using a transmissive LCOS SLM.

[0399] Examples of devices incorporating optical components according to the invention include a holographic projector; a head-up display including at least one holographic projection channel; a driver monitoring system for a head-up display, more preferably an infrared holographic projector for a driver monitoring system for a head-up display; an augmented reality head-up display "AR-HUD" including eye tracking or head tracking; an image generation unit; and an integrated infrared holographic illuminator for head tracking or eye tracking.

[0400] Spatial light modulators can be used to display diffraction patterns, including computer-generated holograms. If the hologram is a pure phase hologram, a spatial light modulator that modulates the phase is required. If the hologram is a fully-complex hologram, a spatial light modulator that modulates both the phase and amplitude can be used, or a first spatial light modulator that modulates the phase and a second spatial light modulator that modulates the amplitude can be used.

[0401] Other preferred devices include infrared imagers, wavelength-selective switches, LCoS-SLMs, LiDAR systems, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs), and non-mechanical beam manipulation, such as manipulable electrotransient optical refraction (SEEOR) prisms, as published in P. McManamon, 2006, “Agile Nonmechanical Beam Steering,” Opt. Photon. News 17(3): 24-29.

[0402] This technology combines an SLM device with a red-green-blue (RGB) light source. The RGB light source is configured to emit red, green, and blue light simultaneously or at different times (e.g., time-multiplexed RGB LEDs or laser diodes). As an example, the light source is an RGB light source using an array of red, green, and blue micro-LEDs, as proposed in, for example, EP3539157 A1.

[0403] RGB refers to the three primary colors of light: red, green, and blue, from which other colors and white can be formed. A typical single LED may emit only a single-color (monochromatic) light, which can be one of these three primary colors. To produce more colors, three LEDs can be used together for RGB mixing. An RGB LED is, in principle, three monochromatic LEDs placed close together, usually in the same package, and their colors are red, green, and blue. When all the LEDs in an RGB-LED emit light proportionally at the same intensity, and the correct type of optics is used, the light emitted by an RGB-LED appears white to the human eye.

[0404] Using RGB light sources avoids exposing the liquid crystal to UV light, which is unavoidable when using conventional light sources, such as cold cathode fluorescent lamps.

[0405] Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, an optical device is provided that includes an RGB light source and the above-described optical components, wherein, when the optical device is in operation, the phase of the incident optical signal from the RGB light source is modulated by the components.

[0406] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for spatially modulating visible or infrared light is provided, the method comprising:

[0407] i) Provide an optical assembly comprising first and second substrates facing each other and each having a surface, the first substrate comprising at least one first electrode, the second substrate comprising at least one second electrode, the assembly further comprising a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formulas I, T and S1 above.

[0408] ii) Receive incident visible or infrared light at the surface of the optical component;

[0409] iii) Apply a predetermined voltage to each of the individual electrodes formed on the first substrate in order to modulate the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.

[0410] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an optical phase modulator is provided, comprising at least the following steps:

[0411] a) Provide a first substrate having a first electrode, the first electrode optionally having a two-dimensional array of individual electrically drivable cells;

[0412] b) Depositing the liquid crystal medium as claimed in claim 1 onto the first substrate; and

[0413] c) Mount the second substrate having the second electrode onto the liquid crystal material.

[0414] The liquid crystal medium according to the invention comprises a variety of compounds, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20, and very preferably 4 to 16 compounds. These compounds are mixed in a conventional manner. Generally, a smaller amount of the desired compound is dissolved in a larger amount of the compound used. The completion of the dissolution process is particularly easy to observe if the temperature is above the clearing point of the compound used at a higher concentration. However, the medium can also be prepared by other conventional methods, such as using so-called premixes, which may be, for example, homologous or eutectic mixtures of compounds, or using so-called "multi-bottle" systems where the components are themselves ready-to-use mixtures. Detailed Implementation

[0415] In this invention, and particularly in the following embodiments, the structure of the mesocrystalline compound is indicated by abbreviations or acronyms. Among these acronyms, Tables A to C below are used, and the chemical formula abbreviations are as follows. All groups C n H 2n+1 C m H 2m+1 and C l H 2l+1 And C n H 2n-1 C m H 2m-1 and C l H 2l-1 These represent straight-chain alkyl or alkylene groups, each having n, m, or l C atoms, where n and m are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, and l is 1, 2, or 3. Table A lists the codes for the ring elements used in the core structure of the compound, while Table B shows the linking groups and terminal groups. Table C shows the illustrative structure of the compound and its corresponding abbreviations.

[0416] Table A: Ring Elements

[0417]

[0418]

[0419]

[0420]

[0421]

[0422]

[0423] Table B: Linking Groups

[0424]

[0425] Table B: End bases

[0426]

[0427]

[0428] Where n and m each represent integers, and the three dots “…” are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table.

[0429] The side branches are numbered starting from the position immediately adjacent to loop (1), where the longest chain is selected, smaller numbers indicate the branch length, and superscript numbers in parentheses indicate the branch position, for example:

[0430]

[0431] The table below shows illustrative structures and their corresponding abbreviations. This is presented to explain the meaning of the abbreviation rules. It further indicates the preferred compounds used.

[0432] Table C: Explanatory Structure

[0433] The following illustrative structures are preferred examples and compounds for use in media:

[0434]

[0435]

[0436]

[0437]

[0438]

[0439]

[0440]

[0441]

[0442]

[0443]

[0444]

[0445]

[0446]

[0447]

[0448] Where m and n are the same or different and are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[0449] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from Table C.

[0450] Table D below shows illustrative compounds that can be used as additional stabilizers in the mesocrystalline media according to the invention. The total concentration of these and similar compounds in the media is preferably 5% or less.

[0451] Table D

[0452]

[0453]

[0454]

[0455]

[0456]

[0457] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mesocrystalline medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds in Table D.

[0458] The mesocrystalline medium according to this application preferably comprises two or more, preferably four or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds in the table above.

[0459] Preferably, the medium contains one or more chiral dopants in a concentration ranging from 0% to 5%, preferably from 0.01% to 4%, more preferably from 0.1% to 3%, very preferably from 0.2% to 2%, and particularly from 0.3% to 1%.

[0460] All mixtures according to the invention are nematic. The liquid crystal medium according to the invention preferably has a nematic phase within the preferred range given above. The expression "having a nematic phase" here means, on the one hand, that no smectic phase or crystallization is observed at the corresponding temperature at low temperatures, and on the other hand, that no transformation from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase occurs when the nematic phase is heated at a given temperature. At high temperatures, the clearing point is measured in a capillary using conventional methods. Studies at low temperatures are conducted in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and checked by storing bulk samples: the storage stability (LTS) of the medium according to the invention in bulk at a given temperature T is determined by visual inspection. 2 g of the medium of interest is filled into a closed glass container (bottle) of appropriate size placed in a freezer at a predetermined temperature. The bottle is checked at predetermined time intervals for the appearance of a smectic phase or crystallization. Two bottles are stored for each material at each temperature. If crystallization or the appearance of a smectic phase is observed in at least one of the two corresponding bottles, the test is terminated, and the time of the last check before the observation of a higher-order phase is recorded as the corresponding storage stability. The test was terminated after 1000 h, meaning that the LTS value at 1000 h indicates that the mixture is stable at a given temperature for at least 1000 h.

[0461] Specifically, for the relative tuning of the photoelectric response or the relative contrast, the change is from 0% to 90% (t 90 The response time is measured in terms of rise time (t0) and t0 is measured in terms of rise time (t0). on The value is given, including the delay time (t). 10 – t0); for the relative tuning of the photoelectric response or the change in relative contrast from 100% back to 10% (t 100 – t 10 The response time is measured in terms of decay time. off ) is given, and is used as the total response time ( 总计 = on + off ).

[0462] mp represents the melting point and T (N,I) The value indicates the clearing point of the liquid crystal material in degrees Celsius; additionally: K indicates the crystalline solid state, S indicates the smectic phase (the index indicates the phase type), N indicates the nematic state, Ch indicates the cholesterol phase, I indicates the isotropic phase, and T... g This indicates the glass transition temperature. The number between the two symbols represents the transition temperature in degrees Celsius.

[0463] All temperatures, such as the melting point of the liquid crystal T(C,N) or T(C,S), the transition from the smectic phase (S) to the nematic phase (N) T(S,N), and the clearing point T(N,I), are given in degrees Celsius. All temperature differences are given in different degrees.

[0464] The host mixture used to determine the optical anisotropy Δn of a single compound was the commercial mixture ZLI-4792 (Merck KGaA). The dielectric anisotropy Δε was determined using the commercial mixture ZLI-2857. Physical data for the compounds under investigation were obtained from the change in dielectric constant of the host mixture after the addition of the compound under investigation and extrapolation to 100% of the compound used. Generally, depending on solubility, 10% of the compound under investigation was dissolved in the host mixture.

[0465] Unless otherwise indicated, part or percentage data are expressed as parts by weight or weight percentage.

[0466] In the preceding and following text:

[0467] V o The capacitance [V] represents the threshold voltage at 20°C.

[0468] n eThis indicates the unusual refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm.

[0469] n o This indicates the ordinary refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm.

[0470] Δn represents the optical anisotropy at 20℃ and 589nm.

[0471] ε ⊥ This represents the dielectric permittivity perpendicular to the director at 20°C and 1 kHz.

[0472] ε || This represents the dielectric permittivity parallel to the director at 20℃ and 1kHz.

[0473] Δε represents the dielectric anisotropy at 20℃ and 1kHz.

[0474] cl.p.,T(N,I) represents the clearing point [°C].

[0475] γ1 represents the rotational viscosity [mPa·s] measured at 20℃.

[0476] K1 represents the elastic constant, and the "bending" deformation [pN] at 20℃.

[0477] K2 represents the elastic constant, and the "torsional" deformation [pN] at 20℃.

[0478] K3 represents the elastic constant, the bending deformation [pN] at 20℃, and

[0479] LTS indicates the low-temperature stability (nematic phase) measured in a test box or body as specified.

[0480] Unless otherwise explicitly indicated, the term "threshold voltage" used in this invention refers to the capacitance threshold (V0), also known as the Freedericksz threshold. In embodiments, the optical threshold (V0) may also typically be indicated for 10% relative contrast. 10 ).

[0481] The display used to measure the capacitance threshold voltage consists of two planar parallel glass plates spaced 20µm apart. Each plate has an electrode layer on its inner side and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on its top, thereby achieving vertical edge alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0482] The display or test box used to measure the tilt angle consists of two parallel glass outer plates with a spacing of 4µm. Each plate has an electrode layer on its inner side and a polyimide alignment layer on its top. The two polyimide layers are rubbed against each other in opposite parallel directions to achieve vertical edge alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0483] The tilt angle was determined using the Mueller Matrix Polarimeter "AxoScan" from Axometrics. Here, a low value (i.e., a large deviation from a 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt.

[0484] Unless otherwise stated, the term "tilt angle" means the angle between the LC director and the substrate, and "LC director" means the preferred orientation of the optical principal axis of the LC molecule in a uniformly oriented LC molecule layer, corresponding to its long axis in the case of rod-shaped, uniaxial positive birefringent LC molecules.

[0485] Unless otherwise indicated, at 20°C (VHR) 20 ) and after 5 minutes in an oven at 100°C (VHR) 100 VHR was measured using a commercially available instrument, model LCM-1 (O0004), from TOYO Corporation, Japan. Unless otherwise specified, the frequency of the voltage used is in the range of 1 Hz to 60 Hz.

[0486] Stability to UV irradiation was studied using a xenon lamp NXE1500B on the commercially available instrument “Suntest CPS+” from Heraeus, Germany. Unless explicitly instructed otherwise, the sealed test chamber was irradiated for 2.0 hours without additional heating. The irradiation power was 765 W / m² in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm. 2 V. UV “dielectric” filters with an edge wavelength of 310 nm were used sequentially to simulate a so-called window glass pattern. In each series of experiments, at least four test boxes were studied for each condition, and the corresponding results were indicated as the average of the corresponding individual measurements.

[0487] The reduction in voltage retention rate (ΔVHR) caused by exposure, such as by UV irradiation or by LCD backlighting, is usually determined according to the following equation (1): (1).

[0488] Ion density was measured using a commercially available LC material characterization system (model 6254) from Toyo Corporation, Japan, with a VHR test cell made of AL16301 polyimide (JSR Corp., Japan) and a 3.2 µm cell gap. Resistivity was calculated from this measurement. Measurements were performed after storage in an oven at 60°C or 100°C for 5 minutes.

[0489] The term "HTP" refers to the helical twisting force (in µm) of an optically active or chiral material in an LC medium. Unless otherwise indicated, HTP is measured at 20°C in a commercially available nematic LC host mixture MLD-6260 (MerckKGaA).

[0490] Clearance point was measured using a Mettler Thermosystem FP900. Optical anisotropy (Δn) was measured using an Abbe-Refraktometer H005 (Na10 sodium spectral lamp at 589 nm, 20°C). Dielectric anisotropy (Δε) was measured at 20°C using an LCR-Meter E4980A / Agilent (G005) (ε parallel cell with JALS 2096-R1). Turn-on voltage (V0) was measured at 20°C using an LCR-Meter E4980A / Agilent (G005) (ε parallel cell with JALS 2096-R1). Rotational viscosity (γ1) was measured at 20°C using a TOYO LCM-2 (0002) (γ1 negative cell with JALS-2096-R1). The elastic constant (K1, yield) was measured at 20°C using an LCR-Meter E4980A / Agilent (G005) (with an ε-parallel cell of JALS 2096-R1). K3: The elastic constant (K3, bending) was measured at 20°C using an LCR-Meter E4980A / Agilent (G005) (with an ε-parallel cell of JALS 2096-R1).

[0491] Unless otherwise expressly stated, all concentrations in this application are indicated by weight percentage and refer to the entire corresponding mixture (solvent-free) comprising all solid or liquid crystal components. Unless otherwise expressly stated, all physical properties are determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and are applicable at a temperature of 20°C.

[0492] As described in A. Penirschke et al., “Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35 GHz”, 34th European Microwave Conference-Amsterdam, pp. 545-548, the study investigates the properties of liquid crystal media in the microwave frequency range. In this regard, comparisons are also made with A. Gaebler et al., “Direct Simulation of Material Permittivities …”, 12MTC 2009 - International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE), pp. 463-467 and DE 102004 029 429 A, which also describe the measurement methods in detail.

[0493] Liquid crystal is introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or quartz capillary. The capillary has an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter of 0.78 mm. The effective length is 2.0 cm. At a resonant frequency of 19 GHz, the filled capillary is introduced into the center of a cylindrical cavity. This cavity has a length of 11.5 mm and a radius of 6 mm. An input signal (source) is then applied, and the cavity's response frequencies are recorded using a commercial vector network analyzer (N5227A PNA Microwave Network Analyzer, Keysight Technologies Inc. USA). For other frequencies, the cavity dimensions are adjusted accordingly.

[0494] Using Equations 10 and 11 described in the aforementioned publication A. Penirschke et al., 34th European Microwave Conference - Amsterdam, pp. 545-548, the changes in resonant frequency and Q factor between measurements using liquid crystal-filled capillaries and measurements using capillaries without liquid crystal filling were used to determine the dielectric constant and loss angle at the corresponding target frequency.

[0495] By aligning the liquid crystal in a magnetic field, the characteristic components of the director vectors perpendicular to and parallel to the liquid crystal are obtained. For this purpose, a magnetic field of a permanent magnet is used. The magnetic field strength is 0.35 Tesla.

[0496] Dielectric anisotropy in the microwave range is defined as

[0497] Δε r ≡(ε r,|| -ε r,⊥ ).

[0498] Tunerness (τ) is defined as

[0499] τ≡(Δε r / ε r,|| ).

[0500] Material quality (η) is defined as

[0501] η≡(τ / tanδ εr,max. ),in

[0502] The maximum dielectric loss is tanδ εr,max. ≡max.{tanδ εr,⊥ ;tanδ εr,||}

[0503] Example

[0504] The present invention is described in detail through the following non-limiting working examples.

[0505] Mixture Example M1

[0506]

[0507] Mixture Example M2

[0508]

[0509] Mixture Example M3

[0510]

[0511] Mixture Example M4

[0512]

[0513] Mixture Example M5

[0514]

[0515] Mixture Example M6

[0516]

[0517] Mixture Example M7

[0518]

[0519] Mixture Example M8

[0520] Mixture Example M8 consists of 99.975% of Mixture Example 1 and 0.025% of compounds S3-5.

[0521]

[0522] Mixture Example M9

[0523] Mixture Example M9 consists of 99.97% of Mixture Example 2 and 0.03% of compounds S3-6.

[0524]

[0525] Mixture Example M10

[0526] Mixture Example M10 consists of 99.97% of Mixture Example 1 and 0.03% of Compound S3-2-1.

[0527]

[0528] Mixture Example M11

[0529] Mixture Example M11 consists of 99.98% of Mixture Example M1 and 0.02% of the compound of formula S2-1a-2.

[0530] S2-1a-2

[0531] Mixture Example M12

[0532] Mixture Example M12 consists of 99.985% of Mixture Example M1 and 0.015% of the compound of formula S2-3a-1.

[0533] S2-3a-1

[0534] Mixture Example M13

[0535] Mixture Example M13 consists of 99.98% of Mixture Example M1 and 0.02% of the compound of formula S2-1a-2.

[0536] S2-1a-2

[0537] Mixture Example M14

[0538] Mixture Example M14 consists of 99.985% of Mixture Example M1 and 0.015% of the compound of formula S2-3a-1.

[0539] S2-3a-1

[0540] Mixture Example M15

[0541] Mixture Example M15 consists of 99.97% of Mixture Example 2 and 0.03% of Compound S3-4-1.

[0542]

Claims

1. A liquid crystal medium, comprising a) One or more compounds of formula I in R 11 and R 12 The same or different representations of H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl, alkenoxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2- groups may be , , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by fluorine. L 11 L 12 L 13 They may represent H, CH3, Cl, or F in the same or different ways. A 11 The symbol represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3; or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl or cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently replaced by O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F; or bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl; bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl; spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl; tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F. A 12 This indicates phenylene-1,4-diyl, where one or both CH groups can be replaced by N and one or more H atoms can be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2, or OCF3, or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl or cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, where one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups can be independently replaced by O and / or S and one or more H atoms can be replaced by F. Z 1 This indicates a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-. n is 0 or 1; and b) One or more compounds of formula T. in R T1 and R T2 The same or different halogens, CN, NCS, straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, straight-chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy groups having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups of these groups can be independently bonded to each other in a manner in which the O atoms are not directly bonded to each other. , , , , The following are substitutions: -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by halogens. R T3 This indicates F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the CH2 group in these groups can be... , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by halogens. A 0 A 1 , and A 2 Each of these independently represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3; cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently replaced by O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F; cyclohexene-1,4-diyl; bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl; bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl; spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl; tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z 1 and Z 2 Each of these can be represented independently as -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -C2F4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH2-, -CH2CFH-, -CF2CFH-, -CFHCF2-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, or a single bond; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; and m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3.

2. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas S1, S2, and S3. in R S1 and R S2 Each occurrence represents, in the same or different manner, H or a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted with CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, and one or more of the CH2 groups are such that the O and / or S atoms are each independently bonded to each other in a manner that prevents them from being directly bonded. , , , , The following are substitutions: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C-, or halogens, having 6, 5, 7, or 7 to 25 carbon atoms respectively, wherein each is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted with an alkyl group or halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. s is 0, 1, or 2. t is 0, 1, 2 or 3. q is 1, 2, 3 or 4. G represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, which may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic, and is either unsubstituted or monosubstituted with CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, and one or more CH2 groups are independently substituted with -O-, -S-, or -NR such that the O or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 0 -, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- substitution, R 0 It represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R 2 This indicates H, -O•, -OH, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, or an arylalkoxy group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms. R 21 and R 22 The same or different refers to a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or R 21 and R 22 Together with the attached carbon atoms, they form cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. R 23 and R 24 The same or different refers to a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or R 23 and R 24 Together with the attached carbon atoms, they form cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Z 2 Each occurrence may represent -O-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, or a single bond, either identically or differently. R ST The expression represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl, alkenoxy, or alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2- groups may be... , , , or Substitution, and one or more of the H atoms can be replaced by fluorine. Z ST Each of these can be independently represented as -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. Each occurrence may represent cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, pyran-2,5-diyl, or 1,3-dioxane-2-5-diyl, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F. p is 0, 1, or 2.

3. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas S2-1 and S2-2. Where G represents a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a cyclic aliphatic group having 3 to 20 C atoms.

4. The liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas I-1 to I-3. Where R 11 R 12 Z 1 L 11 L 12 and L 13 It has the meaning given in claim 1.

5. The liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas T-1 to T-6. Where R T1 R T2 and R T3 It has the meaning indicated in claim 1. L represents halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3, and r, s, and t are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

6. The liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula S1-1. in R S1 Indicates H, F or Cl, and R 21 and R 22 The same or different representations of H or straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups are such that the O atoms are independently bonded to each other without being directly bonded. , , , , The aryl or aralkyl group may be replaced by -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, or have 6 to 25 carbon atoms.

7. The liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas II and III: in R 2 and R 3 This refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or halogenated and has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups among these groups can be independently bonded to each other in a manner that does not directly link the O atoms. , , , , Substitute with -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-. to and to Same or different , , , , , , , , , , , , , or , L 21 L 22 L 31 and L 32 H or F may be represented in the same or different ways. Y 2 and Y 3 They may represent H or CH3 in the same or different ways. X 2 and X 3 The same or different representations of halogens, alkyl halides or alkoxy groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkenyl halides or alkenyloxy groups having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Z 3 This indicates -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH2O-, or a single bond. l, m, n, and o are each 0 or 1 independently.

8. The medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV. in R 41 This indicates a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched alkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkenyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by fluorine. R 42 It means a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a branched alkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkenyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by fluorine.

9. The medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas IVa and IVb. in R 41 and R 42 Each has independently the meaning defined in claim 8, and express , , , or , Z 4 It represents a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8-, or -CF=CF-.

10. An electronic component comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal medium sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, electrodes disposed on each substrate or two electrodes disposed on only one of the substrates, for providing a potential across the liquid crystal medium to drive a predetermined liquid crystal, characterized in that... The liquid crystal medium comprises the liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 9.

11. The electronic component of claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal medium in the component is arranged as a tunable dielectric configured for use in high-frequency technology.

12. The electronic component according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the component is a liquid crystal-based antenna component, a phase shifter, a tunable filter, a tunable metamaterial structure, a matching network, or a varactor diode.

13. A microwave antenna array, characterized in that... It comprises one or more of the components described in one or more of claims 10 to 12.

14. The component of claim 10, wherein the component is an optical component operable in the visible or infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

15. The component of claim 14, wherein the component is a transmissive spatial light modulator.

16. The component of claim 14, wherein the component is a reflective spatial light modulator (100) configured to modulate the phase of an incident optical signal propagating in at least a portion of a first dimension, wherein the first substrate is a transparent glass layer (110) having a first transparent electrode (120), and wherein the second substrate is a CMOS silicon backplane (160), the component further comprising a mirror (150) disposed between the second substrate and a liquid crystal medium (140), wherein the mirror is divided into a two-dimensional array of individually addressable pixels arranged and configured as second electrodes (150), each pixel being individually driven by a voltage signal to provide a local phase transition to at least one polarization component of the optical signal.

17. An optical device comprising: RGB light source, and The components according to one or more of claims 14 to 16 are arranged and configured to modulate the phase of the incident optical signal from the RGB light source when operating the optical device.

18. A method for spatially modulating light, the method comprising, i) Provide an optical component comprising first and second substrates facing each other and each having a surface, the first substrate comprising at least one first electrode, the second substrate comprising at least one second electrode, the component further comprising a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal comprises a liquid crystal medium according to one or more of claims 1 to 9. ii) Provide RGB lighting; ii) Receive incident light from the RGB light source at the surface of the optical component; iii) Apply a predetermined voltage to each of the individual electrodes formed on the first substrate in order to modulate the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.

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