Laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool under high-altitude and high-stress environment
By designing a laser-drilling tool combined with rock breaking in high-altitude, high-stress environments, and by adopting dynamic parameter adjustment and real-time stress monitoring, the problems of low efficiency and poor equipment adaptability in existing technologies have been solved, achieving efficient rock breaking and safe drilling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SICHUAN UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing rock-breaking drilling technology is inefficient in high-altitude and high-stress environments, has poor equipment environmental adaptability, weak chip removal capacity, and is prone to jamming and rock bursts.
A laser-drill-tool combined rock-breaking rapid drilling tool for high-altitude and high-stress environments is designed. It adopts a 42CrMo alloy steel drill rod body, combines a mechanical drilling tool module and a laser generation module, and is equipped with an environmental adaptation module, a stress monitoring module and a chip removal module. Through a collaborative control module, dynamic parameter adjustment and real-time stress monitoring are realized, which enhances the equipment's adaptability and chip removal capabilities.
It achieves efficient rock breaking in high-altitude and high-stress environments, dynamically adjusts laser power and drill speed, enhances chip removal capability, reduces equipment failure rate, avoids stuck drill and rock burst, and increases continuous working time.
Smart Images
Figure CN121993041A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling tool technology, and in particular to a laser-drill-tool combined rock-breaking rapid drilling tool for high-altitude and high-stress environments. Background Technology
[0002] In high-altitude (such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) mineral exploration and tunnel construction projects, the dual challenges of "high-altitude environment + high-stress rock strata" must be faced: 1. Characteristics of high-altitude environment: In areas above 4000m, the oxygen content is only 60%-70% of that in plains areas, the temperature is often between -20℃ and 10℃, and the air pressure is as low as 0.6 atm, which leads to difficulties in equipment heat dissipation, reduced efficiency of the power system, and rapid attenuation of laser energy; 2. Characteristics of high-stress rock strata: The rock strata stress reaches 50-150MPa, and most of them are granite and limestone with a Mohs hardness of 6 or higher. Traditional mechanical drilling tools need to overcome the extremely high shear strength of the rock strata, and single laser rock breaking requires extremely high energy to form an effective fracture;
[0003] Traditional rock-breaking drilling technologies are mainly divided into three categories: 1. Mechanical drilling tools: These use a PDC drill bit as the core, applying axial pressure to break rock through the rotation of the drill rod. Their advantages are simple structure and low cost, but their disadvantages include rapid wear and low drilling efficiency in high-stress, hard rock formations; 2. Single laser rock-breaking equipment: This uses a fiber laser or... Lasers use laser energy to melt / vaporize rock layers to form fissures. The advantage is that there is no mechanical wear, but the disadvantages are high energy consumption, weak deep drilling capability, and the laser energy attenuation caused by high altitude and low air pressure. 3. Conventional laser-drilling tool combined equipment: The laser module and the mechanical drill tool are installed coaxially. Rock breaking is achieved through laser pretreatment and drill tool follow-up. It has been applied to low-stress rock layers in plains (such as coal seams), but it is not suitable for high-altitude and high-stress environments.
[0004] The existing technology has the following shortcomings in use: its coordination parameters are fixed, which cannot be adapted to high-altitude and high-stress environments, resulting in extremely low rock breaking efficiency, poor environmental adaptability, frequent failures, short continuous working time, and weak chip removal capacity, which can easily cause stuck drill and rock bursts. Therefore, there is room for optimization. Thus, it is necessary to design a laser-drill-tool combined rock breaking and rapid drilling tool for high-altitude and high-stress environments to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress environments, in order to solve the problems of fixed synergistic parameters, poor equipment environmental adaptability, and weak chip removal capability mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions, comprising a drill rod body and a mechanical drilling module, wherein the mechanical drilling module is provided on one side of the drill rod body;
[0007] A laser generating module is coaxially mounted at the front end of the drill pipe body. A collaborative control module is mounted on the outside of the drill pipe body. An environmental adaptation module is wrapped around the outside of the laser generating module. A stress monitoring module is embedded inside the mechanical drilling tool module. A chip removal module is mounted on the outside of the drill pipe body, and the channel structure of the chip removal module is connected to the drill pipe body and the mechanical drilling tool module.
[0008] Furthermore, the drill pipe body has three layers of channels inside: the outer layer is a negative pressure chip removal channel with a diameter of 20mm, the middle layer is a cable channel with a diameter of 10mm, and the inner layer is a cooling water channel with a diameter of 8mm. The outer wall of the drill pipe body is provided with a spiral guide groove with a lead of 50mm to assist in chip removal.
[0009] Furthermore, the drill pipe body is made of 42CrMo alloy steel, and the front end of the drill pipe body is connected to the mechanical drilling tool module by a spline to form a detachable connection structure.
[0010] Furthermore, the laser generating module employs three sets of fiber lasers, and each fiber laser is equipped with an adjustable focal length condenser lens. A heating and de-icing film is provided on the outer side of the condenser lens. The three sets of fiber lasers are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer side of the front end of the mechanical drilling module, forming a ring-shaped laser action area with a diameter of 10-15mm.
[0011] Furthermore, the mechanical drilling module uses a 6-tooth PDC drill bit, and the drill teeth are made of polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide composite material. The surface of the drill teeth of the mechanical drilling module is coated with... The composite wear-resistant coating is provided. The mechanical drilling module is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor through a reducer with a reduction ratio of 5:1.
[0012] Furthermore, the collaborative control module uses a microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the collected parameters with preset thresholds and outputs PWM signals to adjust the laser power, motor speed, and cylinder pressure, while simultaneously controlling the working status of the environmental adaptation module and the chip removal module.
[0013] Furthermore, the environmental adaptation module includes a low-temperature insulation component, a low-oxygen power compensation component, and a laser heat dissipation component. The low-temperature insulation component is a vacuum insulation board composed of a glass fiber core and an aluminum foil composite film, with a temperature sensor installed inside to enclose the laser module and motor. The oxygen power compensation component has an oxygen mixing valve installed at the motor air inlet to replenish oxygen according to the oxygen content sensor data, in order to ensure stable motor power. The laser heat dissipation component consists of an air-cooled fan and a water-cooled channel. The air-cooled fan is installed on the outside of the laser generating module, and the water-cooled channel is connected to the cooling water circuit of the drill rod body and is wrapped around the laser housing.
[0014] Furthermore, the stress monitoring module includes a stress sensor and a hardness sensor. The stress sensor is embedded in the root of the drill bit and is used to collect the contact stress between the drill bit and the rock layer in real time. The hardness sensor probe is installed on the outside of the laser generation module and calculates the hardness of the rock layer through ultrasonic reflected waves. The stress monitoring module uses an RS485 bus to transmit data to the collaborative control module.
[0015] Furthermore, the chip removal module comprises a negative pressure generating component and a chip removal channel. The negative pressure generating component is a high-altitude vacuum pump. The chip removal channel consists of an outer negative pressure chip removal channel of the drill rod body, three chip suction ports at the front end of the drill bit, and a chip removal pipe at the rear end. A filter screen is installed at the chip suction port to prevent large rock chips from clogging the pipe.
[0016] Furthermore, the chip removal module comprises a negative pressure generating component and a chip removal channel. The negative pressure generating component is a high-altitude vacuum pump. The chip removal channel consists of an outer negative pressure chip removal channel of the drill rod body, three chip suction ports at the front end of the drill bit, and a chip removal pipe at the rear end. A filter screen is installed at the chip suction port to prevent large rock chips from clogging the pipe.
[0017] A rapid drilling method for rock breaking using a laser-drill-tool combination under high altitude and high stress conditions includes the following steps:
[0018] Step 1:
[0019] (a) Start the main power supply of the equipment, initialize the collaborative control module, and collect the current environmental parameters, including altitude H, temperature T, and oxygen content O;
[0020] (b) If H≥4000m and O<18%, the environmental adaptation module activates the oxygen mixing valve to replenish oxygen to O=18%. If T<-10℃, the heating wire and vacuum insulation plate are activated to raise the internal temperature of the equipment to 5℃.
[0021] (c) The laser generating module starts preheating, and the vacuum pump starts at the same time, creating negative pressure in the chip removal channel;
[0022] Step Two:
[0023] (a) The mechanical drilling module slowly contacts the rock formation, and the stress sensor collects the initial stress. The hardness sensor collects the rock layer hardness H0;
[0024] (b) The collaborative control module according to and Set initial coordination parameters;
[0025] Step 3:
[0026] (a) The laser generating module outputs lasers at the set power, and the three lasers act on the rock layer at the same time to form a ring-shaped melting zone;
[0027] (b) After a delay of 0.5-2 seconds, the mechanical drilling module follows up at the set speed and pressure to break up the rock strata surrounding the molten zone;
[0028] (c) During drilling, the stress sensor and hardness sensor collect data every 100ms, and the collaborative control module 4 compares σ with real-time data. H real-time and ;
[0029] (d) The chip removal module adjusts the vacuum pump power in real time according to σ: the larger the real time σ is, the higher the vacuum pump power, ensuring that the rock chips are removed in time;
[0030] (e) The environmental sensor collects data every 5 seconds. If T>60℃ (laser module overheats), the water cooling channel is activated to enhance heat dissipation. If O<16%, the oxygen supply is increased.
[0031] Step Four:
[0032] (a) If the stress sensor detects σ > 180 MPa in real time (ultra-high pressure, risk of rockburst), the collaborative control module immediately instructs the laser power to be increased to the maximum and the drilling speed to be reduced to the minimum, while issuing a rockburst warning.
[0033] (b) If the motor current is >30A (drill bit stuck), immediately stop the drill bit rotation, increase the vacuum pump power to 100%, and continue for 10 seconds to clean the rock cuttings. If the current still exceeds the limit, stop the machine.
[0034] (c) After drilling to the preset depth, first turn off the laser generator module, then after a 5-second delay, turn off the drill string and vacuum pump, and finally turn off the environment adaptation module to complete the drilling.
[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0036] (1) Realize dynamic collaborative control strategy: Based on the real-time acquisition of rock stress, hardness and high-altitude environmental parameters, the laser power, drill speed, axial pressure and collaborative timing are dynamically adjusted through PID algorithm to solve the problem of low efficiency caused by fixed collaborative parameters of existing equipment;
[0037] (2) Achieving a high-altitude-specific environment-adaptive structure: By using an oxygen mixing valve to replenish oxygen in real time according to the oxygen content, the power fluctuation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is reduced when the oxygen content is 12%-21%. By using a vacuum heat insulation plate, air cooling and water cooling composite heat dissipation, the temperature of the laser module is ≤60℃ and the temperature of electronic components is ≥0℃. By using an adjustable focal length condenser lens and a heated de-icing film, laser divergence and low-temperature icing caused by low air pressure are avoided.
[0038] (3) Realize the chip removal linkage protection structure: Real-time monitoring of rock stress by stress sensor, synchronous adjustment of high-altitude vacuum pump power, to achieve the purpose of increasing stress and enhancing chip removal, reducing rock chip blockage rate, and avoiding drill jamming and rock burst;
[0039] (4) Achieve wear-resistant and damage-resistant drill bit design: through PDC drill bit surface spraying A composite wear-resistant coating, combined with laser pretreatment to weaken the rock strata, reduces drill bit wear and extends its continuous working time. Attached Figure Description
[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tool structure of the present invention.
[0042] The following are the labels in the attached diagram: 1. Drill pipe body; 2. Laser generation module; 3. Mechanical drilling tool module; 4. Collaborative control module; 5. Environmental adaptation module; 6. Stress monitoring module; 7. Chip removal module; 8. High-altitude vacuum pump. Detailed Implementation
[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0044] Please see Figure 1The present invention provides an embodiment of a laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions, comprising a drill rod body 1 and a mechanical drilling module 3. The mechanical drilling module 3 is provided on one side of the drill rod body 1, a laser generating module 2 is coaxially provided at the front end of the drill rod body 1, a collaborative control module 4 is provided on the outside of the drill rod body 1, an environmental adaptation module 5 is wrapped around the outside of the laser generating module 2, a stress monitoring module 6 is embedded inside the mechanical drilling module 3, and a chip removal module 7 is provided on the outside of the drill rod body 1, with the channel structure of the chip removal module 7 connected to the drill rod body 1 and the mechanical drilling module 3.
[0045] The drill pipe body 1 has three layers of channels inside. The outer layer is a negative pressure chip removal channel with a diameter of 20mm, the middle layer is a cable channel with a diameter of 10mm, and the inner layer is a cooling water channel with a diameter of 8mm. The outer wall of the drill pipe body 1 is provided with a spiral guide groove with a lead of 50mm to assist in chip removal.
[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, the three-layer channel inside the drill rod body 1 realizes the functions of negative pressure chip removal, cable power supply and signal transmission, and water cooling heat dissipation. The spiral guide groove on the outer wall, together with the outer negative pressure chip removal channel, improves the efficiency of rock cuttings transportation in high-altitude and low-pressure environments, avoids channel blockage, and ensures a balance between structural strength and lightweight.
[0047] The drill pipe body 1 is made of 42CrMo alloy steel, and the front end of the drill pipe body 1 is connected to the mechanical drilling tool module 3 by a spline to form a detachable connection structure.
[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, the 42CrMo alloy steel ensures the structural rigidity and fatigue strength of the drill pipe body 1 under high stress and high impact conditions. The spline connection enables the mechanical drilling tool module 3 to be quickly disassembled and reliably transmitted, facilitating on-site replacement and maintenance, and improving the versatility of drilling tools and the continuity of operations.
[0049] The laser generating module 2 uses three sets of fiber lasers, and each fiber laser is equipped with an adjustable focal length condenser lens. A heating and de-icing film is set on the outside of the condenser lens. The three sets of fiber lasers are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outside of the front end of the mechanical drilling module 3, forming a ring laser action area with a diameter of 10-15mm.
[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, three sets of fiber lasers are evenly arranged in the circumference to form a ring-shaped melting and weakening area. The adjustable focal length condenser lens can be adapted to different rock layer distances and fracturing depths. The heated de-icing film eliminates the influence of high-altitude low-temperature icing and fogging on the laser beam path, ensuring stable laser output and uniform beam spot, thereby achieving pre-weakening of rock layers and reducing the difficulty of subsequent mechanical rock breaking.
[0051] The mechanical drilling module 3 uses a 6-tooth PDC drill bit, and the drill teeth are made of polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide composite material. The surface of the drill teeth of the mechanical drilling module 3 is coated with... The composite wear-resistant coating and the mechanical drilling module 3 are driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor through a reducer with a reduction ratio of 5:1.
[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in use, a 6-tooth PDC drill bit combined with a polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide composite sheet achieves efficient rock cutting and breaking. The composite wear-resistant coating significantly improves the surface hardness, wear resistance and high temperature resistance of drill teeth. The permanent magnet synchronous motor and reducer provide stable torque and speed output, reducing tooth breakage and wear in high-stress rock formations and extending the service life of drill bits.
[0053] The collaborative control module 4 uses a microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the collected parameters with preset thresholds and outputs PWM signals to adjust the laser power, motor speed, and cylinder pressure. At the same time, it controls the working status of the environmental adaptation module 5 and the chip removal module 7.
[0054] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, the microcontroller receives real-time environmental and rock strata parameters, compares them with preset thresholds, and outputs PWM control signals to adjust the laser power, motor speed, and axial pressure in real time. This achieves coordinated matching between the laser and the drilling tool, avoiding the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, and equipment overload caused by fixed parameters. Through the PID algorithm, a closed-loop control is formed, which includes parameter acquisition, logical judgment, execution adjustment, and feedback correction. This allows the drilling parameters to adaptively adjust with changes in rock hardness and stress, improving the system's response speed and control accuracy, and ensuring a smooth, efficient, and safe drilling process.
[0055] The environmental adaptation module 5 includes a low-temperature insulation component, a low-oxygen power compensation component, and a laser heat dissipation component. The low-temperature insulation component is a vacuum insulation board composed of a glass fiber core and an aluminum foil composite film, with a temperature sensor inside, used to wrap the laser module and motor. The oxygen power compensation component has an oxygen mixing valve at the motor air inlet, which replenishes oxygen according to the oxygen content sensor data to ensure stable motor power. The laser heat dissipation component consists of an air-cooled fan and a water-cooled channel. The air-cooled fan is installed on the outside of the laser generating module 2, and the water-cooled channel is connected to the cooling water channel of the drill rod body 1 and is wrapped around the laser shell.
[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, during use, the vacuum insulation plate isolates the external low temperature to ensure the normal operating temperature of the internal electronic components and motor. The oxygen mixing valve automatically replenishes oxygen according to the real-time oxygen content to maintain the motor's stable power without attenuation in the high-altitude, low-oxygen environment. The air-cooling and water-cooling composite heat dissipation circuit quickly removes the working heat of the laser module to prevent the laser from overheating and reducing power or being damaged, making the whole tool adaptable to extreme environments of high altitude, low temperature, and low oxygen.
[0057] The stress monitoring module 6 includes a stress sensor and a hardness sensor. The stress sensor is embedded in the root of the drill bit and is used to collect the contact stress between the drill bit and the rock layer in real time. The hardness sensor probe is installed on the outside of the laser generation module 2 and calculates the hardness of the rock layer through ultrasonic reflected waves. The stress monitoring module 6 uses an RS485 bus to transmit data to the collaborative control module 4.
[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, the stress sensor and hardness sensor collect rock contact stress and hardness information in real time, and transmit it to the collaborative control module 4 at high speed and stably via RS485 bus, providing accurate data support for laser-drill joint rock breaking, and realizing real-time perception of rock state and dynamic optimization of collaborative strategy;
[0059] The chip removal module 7 consists of a negative pressure generating component and a chip removal channel. The negative pressure generating component uses a high-altitude vacuum pump 8. The chip removal channel consists of an outer negative pressure chip removal channel of the drill rod body 1, three chip suction ports at the front end of the drill bit, and a chip removal pipe at the rear end. A filter screen is installed at the chip suction port to prevent large rock chips from clogging the pipe.
[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, during use, a stable negative pressure is provided by the high-altitude vacuum pump 8, and the cuttings suction port at the front end of the drill bit, together with the filter screen, intercepts large rock cuttings to prevent large pieces of rock debris from entering the channel and causing blockage. The cuttings discharge channel is smoothly connected to the drill rod body 1 and the mechanical drilling tool module 3 to achieve rapid discharge of rock cuttings, reduce the risk of stuck drill and drill blockage, and improve drilling safety.
[0061] A rapid drilling method for rock breaking using a laser-drill-tool combination under high altitude and high stress conditions includes the following steps:
[0062] Step 1:
[0063] (a) Start the main power supply of the equipment, initialize the collaborative control module 4, and collect the current environmental parameters, including altitude H, temperature T, and oxygen content O;
[0064] (b) If H≥4000m and O<18%, the environmental adaptation module 5 starts the oxygen mixing valve to replenish oxygen to O=18%. If T<-10℃, the heating wire and vacuum insulation plate are started to raise the internal temperature of the equipment to 5℃.
[0065] (c) The laser generation module 2 starts preheating, and at the same time, the vacuum pump starts, creating a negative pressure in the chip removal channel;
[0066] Step Two:
[0067] (a) The mechanical drilling tool module 3 slowly contacts the rock formation, and the stress sensor collects the initial stress , and the hardness sensor collects the rock hardness H0;
[0068] (b) The coordinated control module 4 sets the initial coordination parameters according to and ;
[0069] If ≤ 5 levels (soft rock), ≤ 80 MPa: laser power 800 - 1000 W, drilling speed 250 - 300 r / min, axial pressure 30 - 50 kN, vacuum pump power 50%;
[0070] If 5 levels < H ≤ 7 levels (medium hard rock), 80 MPa < ≤ 120 MPa: laser power 1200 - 1500 W, drilling speed 150 - 200 r / min, axial pressure 50 - 80 kN, vacuum pump power 70%;
[0071] If > 7 levels (hard rock), > 120 MPa: laser power 1800 - 2000 W, drilling speed 50 - 100 r / min, axial pressure 80 - 100 kN, vacuum pump power 100%;
[0072] Step Three:
[0073] (a) The laser generation module 2 outputs laser at the set power, and three lasers act on the rock formation simultaneously, forming an annular melting zone;
[0074] (b) After a delay of 0.5 - 2 s (adjusted according to : The larger, the longer the delay), the mechanical drilling tool module 3 follows up at the set rotational speed and pressure, crushing the rock formation around the melting zone;
[0075] (c) During the drilling process, the stress sensor and the hardness sensor collect data every 100 ms, and the coordinated control module 4 compares σ real - time with , H real - time with :
[0076] If σ real - time > + 20 MPa (the stress increases and the rock formation becomes harder): the laser power is increased by 10% - 20%, the drilling speed is reduced by 10% - 15%, and the axial pressure remains unchanged;
[0077] If σ< -20MPa (stress reduction, rock softening): laser power is reduced by 10%-20%, drilling speed is increased by 10%-15%, avoiding energy waste;
[0078] If H real-time > (Increased hardness): Simultaneously increase laser power and axial pressure, and reduce drilling speed;
[0079] (d) The chip removal module 7 adjusts the vacuum pump power in real time according to σ: the larger the real time σ is, the higher the vacuum pump power, ensuring that the rock chips are discharged in time;
[0080] (e) The environmental sensor collects data every 5 seconds. If T>60℃ (laser module overheats), the water cooling channel is activated to enhance heat dissipation. If O<16%, the oxygen supply is increased.
[0081] Step Four:
[0082] (a) If the stress sensor detects σ in real time > 180MPa (ultra-high pressure, risk of rockburst), the collaborative control module (4) immediately instructs the laser power to be increased to the maximum and the drilling speed to be reduced to the minimum, and at the same time issues a rockburst warning;
[0083] (b) If the motor current is >30A (drill bit stuck), immediately stop the drill bit rotation, increase the vacuum pump power to 100%, and continue for 10 seconds to clean the rock cuttings. If the current still exceeds the limit, stop the machine.
[0084] (c) After drilling to the preset depth, first turn off the laser generator module 2, then turn off the drill string and vacuum pump after a 5-second delay, and finally turn off the environment adaptation module 5 to complete the drilling.
[0085] In summary, this invention proposes a laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions. This solves the problem that existing rock breaking drilling equipment cannot simultaneously adapt to the special environmental characteristics of high altitude, low oxygen, low temperature, and low air pressure, as well as the mechanical complexity of high-stress hard rock layers, thus failing to meet the slow drilling speed requirements of mineral mining, geological exploration, and other scenarios under high altitude and high stress conditions.
[0086] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.
[0087] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions, comprising a drill rod body (1) and a mechanical drilling module (3), wherein the mechanical drilling module (3) is provided on one side of the drill rod body (1); Its features are: A laser generating module (2) is coaxially arranged at the front end of the drill rod body (1). A collaborative control module (4) is arranged on the outside of the drill rod body (1). An environmental adaptation module (5) is wrapped around the outside of the laser generating module (2). A stress monitoring module (6) is embedded inside the mechanical drilling tool module (3). A chip removal module (7) is arranged on the outside of the drill rod body (1), and the channel structure of the chip removal module (7) is connected to the drill rod body (1) and the mechanical drilling tool module (3).
2. The laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod body (1) has three layers of channels inside. The outer layer is a negative pressure chip removal channel with a diameter of 20 mm, the middle layer is a cable channel with a diameter of 10 mm, and the inner layer is a cooling water channel with a diameter of 8 mm. The outer wall of the drill rod body (1) is provided with a spiral guide groove with a lead of 50 mm to assist in chip removal.
3. The laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill pipe body (1) is made of 42CrMo alloy steel. The front end of the drill pipe body (1) is connected to the mechanical drilling tool module (3) by a spline to form a detachable connection structure.
4. The laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser generating module (2) uses three sets of fiber lasers, and each fiber laser is equipped with an adjustable focal length focusing lens. A heating and de-icing film is provided on the outside of the focusing lens. The three sets of fiber lasers are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outside of the front end of the mechanical drilling module (3) to form a ring laser action area with a diameter of 10-15mm.
5. The laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical drilling module (3) uses a 6-tooth PDC drill bit, and the drill teeth are made of polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide composite material. The surface of the drill teeth of the mechanical drilling module (3) is coated with... The composite wear-resistant coating is provided. The mechanical drilling module (3) is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor through a reducer with a reduction ratio of 5:
1.
6. The laser-drill combined rock-breaking rapid drilling tool for high-altitude, high-stress environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collaborative control module (4) uses a microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the collected parameters with the preset threshold and outputs a PWM signal to adjust the laser power, motor speed, and cylinder pressure. At the same time, it controls the working status of the environment adaptation module (5) and the chip removal module (7).
7. The laser-drill combined rock-breaking rapid drilling tool for high-altitude, high-stress environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental adaptation module (5) includes a low-temperature insulation component, a low-oxygen power compensation component, and a laser heat dissipation component. The low-temperature insulation component is a vacuum insulation board composed of a glass fiber core and an aluminum foil composite film. A temperature sensor is installed inside to wrap the laser module and the motor. The oxygen power compensation component is equipped with an oxygen mixing valve at the motor air inlet to supplement oxygen according to the oxygen content sensor data to ensure stable motor power. The laser heat dissipation component consists of an air-cooled fan and a water-cooled channel. The air-cooled fan is installed on the outside of the laser generating module (2). The water-cooled channel is connected to the cooling water channel of the drill rod body (1) and is wrapped around the laser housing.
8. The laser-drilling tool for rapid rock breaking under high altitude and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress monitoring module (6) includes a stress sensor and a hardness sensor. The stress sensor is embedded in the root of the drill bit and is used to collect the contact stress between the drill bit and the rock layer in real time. The hardness sensor probe is installed on the outside of the laser generation module (2) and calculates the hardness of the rock layer by ultrasonic reflection wave. The stress monitoring module (6) uses RS485 bus to transmit data to the collaborative control module (4).
9. The laser-drill combined rock-breaking rapid drilling tool for high-altitude, high-stress environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip removal module (7) consists of a negative pressure generating component and a chip removal channel. The negative pressure generating component is a high-altitude vacuum pump (8). The chip removal channel consists of an outer negative pressure chip removal channel of the drill rod body (1), three chip suction ports at the front end of the drill bit, and a chip removal pipe at the rear end. A filter screen is installed at the chip suction port to prevent large rock chips from clogging the hole.
10. A method for rapid rock breaking and drilling in high-altitude, high-stress environments using a laser-drill-tool combination based on any one of the tools described in claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: (a) Start the main power supply of the equipment, initialize the collaborative control module (4), and collect the current environmental parameters, including altitude H, temperature T, and oxygen content O; (b) If H≥4000m and O<18%, the environmental adaptation module (5) starts the oxygen mixing valve to replenish oxygen to O=18%. If T<-10℃, the heating wire and vacuum insulation plate are started to raise the internal temperature of the equipment to 5℃. (c) The laser generating module (2) starts preheating, and at the same time the vacuum pump starts, and the chip removal channel forms a negative pressure; Step Two: (a) Mechanical drilling module (3) slowly contacts the rock strata, and the stress sensor collects the initial stress. Hardness sensor collects rock layer hardness ; (b) Collaborative control module (4) According to and Set initial coordination parameters; Step 3: (a) The laser generating module (2) outputs lasers at the set power. The three lasers act on the rock layer at the same time to form a ring-shaped melting zone. (b) After a delay of 0.5-2s, the mechanical drilling module (3) follows up with the set speed and pressure to break the rock layers around the molten zone; (c) During drilling, the stress sensor and hardness sensor collect data every 100ms, and the collaborative control module 4 compares σ with real-time data. H real-time and ; (d) Chip removal module (7) Adjust the vacuum pump power according to σ in real time: The larger the real time σ is, the higher the vacuum pump power, to ensure timely removal of rock chips; (e) The environmental sensor collects data every 5 seconds. If T>60℃ (laser module overheats), the water cooling channel is activated to enhance heat dissipation. If O<16%, the oxygen supply is increased. Step Four: (a) If the stress sensor detects σ in real time > 180MPa (ultra-high pressure, risk of rockburst), the collaborative control module (4) immediately instructs the laser power to be increased to the maximum and the drilling speed to be reduced to the minimum, and at the same time issues a rockburst warning; (b) If the motor current is >30A (drill bit stuck), immediately stop the drill bit rotation, increase the vacuum pump power to 100%, and continue for 10 seconds to clean the rock cuttings. If the current still exceeds the limit, stop the machine. (c) After drilling to the preset depth, first turn off the laser generation module (2), then turn off the drill bit and vacuum pump after a 5-second delay, and finally turn off the environment adaptation module (5) to complete the drilling.