Breeze power generation turbine flow guide fan

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeze power generation turbine flow guide fan. The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation. Comprising a rack 1 and a plurality of fan blades 2 which are arranged and connected with the rack 1 in an annular array mode, and a plurality of flow guiding bodies 3 are arranged on the fan blades 2. The geometrical shape of the flow guide body 3 is that the inner wall and the outer wall form a concave-convex structure, and the flow guide body 3 has a homeomorphic equivalent shape of orientation-preserving mapping; each flow guide body 3 conforms to the shape of a topological invariant; the multiple flow guide bodies 3 are arranged in an array mode in the spanwise direction or / and the chordwise direction of the fan blades 2, and continuous flow is formed; the flow guide body 3 is of a zero-defect and boundless closed curved surface structure, and a continuous flow field channel is formed through the concave-convex nesting design of the inner wall and the outer wall. According to the structure, topological equivalence with a two-dimensional disc is achieved through orientation-preserving mapping, and it is ensured that geometric invariance is maintained under different attack angle working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, specifically to a wind turbine guide structure and layout design based on topology optimization and wind-aerodynamic synergy, and particularly to a micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of wind energy conversion, wind power generation occupies a key position, and the design optimization and performance improvement of its core component—the wind turbine blade—is one of the core elements for improving energy conversion efficiency. [1] To improve the operating efficiency and durability of wind turbine generators, the academic and industrial communities have conducted systematic research on blade guide structures and blade arrangement.

[0003] Blade aerodynamic structures specifically refer to auxiliary aerodynamic devices installed on the blade surface, blade root, or blade tip region, including vortex generators (VGs), winglets, and other flow field control components. [2-7] Vortex generators effectively improve aerodynamic performance by delaying boundary layer separation in the inner section of the blade. [2,4,7] The winglets improve efficiency by reducing tip vortex losses and increasing the rotor swept area. [3,5] For example, the curved winglet design demonstrates an enhancement effect on unit performance under both static and oscillating conditions. [5] At the wind farm scale, blade arrangement optimization focuses on the design of turbine spacing and spatial layout, aiming to reduce wake interference losses and increase the total power generation of the entire farm. [8,9] The layout of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) needs to take into account the coupled load effects of wind, waves, and currents. [10,11] .

[0004] The synergistic optimization of the airflow structure and its arrangement aims to improve unit performance in multiple dimensions. Through precise aerodynamic control technology, flow separation delay, wake vortex intensity suppression, and tip leakage flow improvement can be achieved, thereby increasing the power coefficient (Cp) and optimizing low-wind-speed start-up characteristics. [2,4,11-14] For example, vortex generators induce small-scale vortices on the blade surface, causing the separation point to shift backward, maintaining lift and reducing drag at high angles of attack, thus significantly improving the blade's lift-to-drag ratio. [2,4,7] For vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), the boundary layer intake slot (MBLSS) technology has been proposed to regulate the flow field on the blade surface and improve its aerodynamic characteristics

[15] ; the double guide vane design has been shown to improve the performance of the H-Darrieus vertical axis turbine.

[16] Furthermore, predictive active flow control methods have shown application potential in mitigating fatigue loads and increasing power generation.

[17] Optimizing the layout of offshore wind farms can also enhance structural safety and energy conversion efficiency. [8] .

[0005] However, current flow guidance structure designs still face technical bottlenecks. Most solutions employ simple geometric configurations such as two-dimensional straight-plate flow guides or axially parallel flow channels. [2,4,18] Its geometric parameters (such as height, tilt angle, and installation location) are mostly determined based on empirical rules or finite parameter studies. [2,16,19] For example, some studies have explored the influence of guide vane geometry on the flow channel performance of the Savonius turbine.

[20] Other work has evaluated the geometric effects of dual guide vanes using CFD models.

[16] While these methods can partially improve aerodynamic performance, they lack a complete modeling of the coupled response of the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent field and blade rotation effects. [2,11,22] This defect can lead to a significant decrease in flow control effectiveness under conditions of high turbulence, wind shear, or yaw, and can easily induce problems such as local stall or noise spikes.

[17] For example, although the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic loads caused by dynamic stall can be suppressed by vortex generators, the influence of their key parameters still needs further investigation. [7] Simple flow guide structures are also insufficient to completely solve complex aerodynamic problems such as tip loss and three-dimensional flow loss. [1,22] .

[0006] Therefore, developing blade guide structures with specific topological morphology and collaborative arrangement patterns among units is of great engineering value and strategic significance for breaking through traditional aerodynamic performance bottlenecks and achieving high robustness and low noise synergistic optimization.

[0007] Therefore, this invention proposes a micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan.

[0008] The cited references for this background technology are as follows:

[0009] [1]Zhang R, Kuang L, Tu Y, et al. Multiple boundary layer suctionslots technique for performance improvement of Vertical-axis wind turbines: Conceptual design and parametric Analysis [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2024, 36(7). [2]Wang Q, Yang S, Wang H, et al. Aerodynamic shape integrated designof wind turbine airfoils and vortex Generators [J]. International Journal ofGreen Energy, 2021, 19(7): 747–756. [3]Alonso D H, Silva E C N. Topology optimization for fluid flowdevices modeled through the Multiple Reference Frame Approach [J]. AppliedMathematical Modelling, 2023, 118: 592–617. [4]Firoozi A A, Hejazi F, Firoozi A A. Advancing Wind EnergyEfficiency: A Systematic Review of Aerodynamic Optimization in Wind TurbineBlade Design [J]. Energies, 2024, 17(12): 2919. [5]Song J, Chen J, Wu Y, et al. Topology Optimization-Driven Designfor Offshore Composite Wind Turbine Blades [J]. Journal of Marine Science andEngineering, 2022, 10(10): 1487. [6]Zhu J, Cai X, Ma D, et al. Improved structural design of windturbine blade based on topology and size Optimization [J]. InternationalJournal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2021, 17: 69–79. [7]Batay S, Baidullayeva A, Sarsenov E, et al. Integrated AerodynamicShape and Aero-Structural Optimization: Applications from Ahmed Body to NACA0012 Airfoil and Wind Turbine Blades [J]. Fluids, 2024, 9(8): 170. [8]Shehata A S, Barakat A, Mito M T, et al. Wind turbine tipdeflection control using Bio-inspired tubercle leading edges: Analysis ofpotential Designs [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and IndustrialAerodynamics, 2024, 245: 105652. [9]Madrigal Avalos G, Rosado Hau N, Quintal-Palomo R, et al.Aerodynamic techniques to mitigate the 3D loss in the power coefficient ofvertical axis wind Turbines [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2024, 311:118507.

[10] Batay S, Kamalov B, Zhangaskanov D, et al. Adjoint-Based High-Fidelity Concurrent Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Wind Turbine [J].Fluids, 2023, 8(3): 85.

[11] Bizhanpour A, Hasanzadeh N, Najafi A F, et al. Investigation ofdifferent deflector geometry and mechanism effect on the performance of anIn-pipe hydro Savonius Turbine [J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 350: 121697.

[12] Chen X, Qiu J, Zhong J, et al. Passive Control of Boundary-LayerSeparation on a Wind Turbine Blade Using Varying-Parameter Flow Deflector[J]. Fluids, 2025, 10(10): 270.

[13] Jiang Y, Zhao P, Stoesser T, et al. Experimental and numericalinvestigation of twin vertical axis wind turbines with a Deflector [J].Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 209: 112588.

[14] Sudharsan G S, Venkatasubramanian R, Hemalatha N, et al. Poweryield improvement of wind turbine and fatigue load mitigation usingPredictive-based Active flow Controller [J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 989–998.

[15] Chen W-H, Lam T T, Chang M-H, et al. Optimizing H-Darrieus WindTurbine Performance with Double-Deflector Design [J]. Energies, 2024, 17(2):503.

[16] Krishnan A, Al-Obaidi A Sh M, Hao L C. A comprehensive review ofinnovative wind turbine airfoil and blade designs: Toward enhanced efficiencyand Sustainability [J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments,2023, 60: 103511.

[17] Fatahian H, Mohamed-Kassim Z, Chang W S. Insights into the flowdynamics and rotor performance of a Savoniusturbine with dynamic ventingusing controllable Flaps [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2022, 34(12).

[18] Kassa B Y, Baheta A T, Beyene A. Current Trends and Innovationsin Enhancing the Aerodynamic Performance of Small-Scale, Horizontal Axis WindTurbines: A Review [J]. ASME Open Journal of Engineering, 2024, 3.

[19] Wong K H, Chong W T, Sukiman N L, et al. Performance enhancementson vertical axis wind turbines using flow augmentation systems: A Review [J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 73: 904–921.

[20] Lamei A, Hayatdavoodi M, Riggs H R. Hydro- and aero-elastic response of floating offshore wind turbines to combined waves and wind infrequency Domain [J]. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, 2024,10(2): 399–424.

[21] Yang Y, Bashir M, Michailides C, et al. Development and application of an Aero-hydro-servo-elastic coupling framework for analysis of floating offshore wind Turbines [J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 161: 606–625.

[22] Kadoche E, Gourvénec S, Pallud M, et al. MARLYC: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Yaw Control [J]. Renewable Energy, 2023, 217: 119129. Summary of the Invention In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, namely, to develop a blade guide structure with a specific topological shape and a cooperative arrangement mode between units, which can break through the traditional aerodynamic performance bottleneck and at least provide a beneficial option for this purpose; the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan includes a frame 1 and a plurality of blades 2 arranged in a ring array and connected thereto, and a plurality of guides 3 are provided on the blades 2; The geometry of the guide fluid 3 is a concave-convex structure formed by the inner and outer walls, and has the shape of a homeomorphic equivalence class that preserves orientation mapping. It achieves topological equivalence transformation with the two-dimensional disk through orientation-preserving mapping.

[0010] Each guide 3 conforms to the shape of a topological invariant; Several guide fluids 3 are arranged in an array along the spanwise and / or chordwise direction of the blade 2 to form a continuous flow. Their topological equivalence properties ensure that the aerodynamic performance remains stable when the blade angle of attack changes, which meets the requirement of maximizing Cp under the Bates limit.

[0011] In one embodiment, the array arrangement is a rectangular array. The root region adopts a rectangular grid layout of 0.15m × 0.15m, and the spacing between adjacent guide tubes 3 remains constant.

[0012] In one embodiment, the array arrangement is a trapezoidal arrangement. The trapezoidal arrangement of the guide fluid 3 refers to its sparse arrangement at the end region of the wind blade 2 and its dense arrangement at the root region of the wind blade 2. This arrangement is precisely controlled through a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system to ensure that the geometric center of the guide fluid 3 forms a continuous gradient change along the surface of the wind blade 2.

[0013] In one embodiment, the array arrangement scheme involves using a rotationally symmetric topology based on the outer surface of the blade 2, such that the angle between the bore axis and the chord of each guide fluid 3 forms a topological equivalence class shape for optimizing the local lift-to-drag ratio in the region where the angle of attack of the blade 2 varies. Specifically, within the region where the angle of attack of the blade 2 varies (e.g., -5° to 15°), the angle between the bore axis and the chord of each guide fluid 3 forms a geometric shape of a topological equivalence class.

[0014] In one embodiment: the specific shape of the continuous flow formed by the array of several guides 3 conforms to the following constraint: if the continuous flow has a homeomorphism h:M→N, such that for any x∈M, h maps the orbit of φ through x∈M in a direction-preserving manner to the orbit of ψ through h(x)∈N.

[0015] In one embodiment, the shape of the guide fluid 3 satisfies zero genus and no boundary. For example, an annular guide fluid with a radius of curvature of 0.2m is used in the tip region, and an ellipsoidal guide fluid with a radius of curvature of 0.15m is used in the root region, ensuring that all guide fluids 3 satisfy the zero genus (no holes) and no boundary (no edges) constraints.

[0016] In one embodiment: the shape of the guide fluid 3 is isomorphic to a two-dimensional disk, and the line connecting any focal point conforms to axisymmetry; and the aperture is linearly increased along the blade span by topology optimization, with a small tip and a large root, to match the wind speed gradient change, conforming to the C under the Bates limit. p Maximize demand.

[0017] In this implementation scheme, as a topological variant of the circular aperture, the line connecting the two foci of the ellipsoidal topology is maintained as the axis of symmetry. The local lift-to-drag ratio is optimized by adjusting the ratio of the major and minor axes; for example, a flattened ellipse is used in the tip region to reduce flow separation, and a near-circular ellipse is used in the root region to enhance structural strength.

[0018] In one embodiment, the shape of the guide fluid 3 is a ring-handle topologically shaped structure, with the ring-handle topology being a closed curved surface of genus 1. That is, through the ring-handle topology, the orifice is similar to nested guide ribs, forming a multi-stage guide path and improving aerodynamic efficiency.

[0019] In one implementation: the straight-line connection point between each fan blade 2 and the frame 1, and the included angle between any two fan blades 2, are arranged based on the optimal solution for wind resistance found in the following model: r i =(rcosθ i rsinθ i ,z i ); Where, r i θ is the three-dimensional coordinate of the connection point of the i-th wind blade 2; r is the radius of wind blade 2; θ i It is the azimuth of the connecting point; z i It refers to the axial position of the connection point.

[0020] The included angle α between any two wind blades 2 ij As topological invariants, aerodynamic performance consistency is maintained through homeomorphic mapping; the included angle α is determined based on the Bates limit. ij Relationship with power: α ij =arccosn i n j / ∥n i ∥ ∥n j ∥; Where, n i and n j It is the normal vector of blade 2.

[0021] Among them, the relationship between the included angle and the wind energy utilization coefficient is: C p (α ij ) = 16 / 27cos 3 α ij [1 (sin 2 α ij / 4)]; Among them, C p The Bates limit for wind energy utilization is 0.593; included angle α ij By adjusting the topology using an optimization algorithm, aerodynamic efficiency and structural strength are balanced. This can be verified using the following power formula and blade element lift formula: P=1 / 2(ρAv 3 C p (α ij )); L=1 / 2(ρv 2 Alocal C l (α ij )); Wherein, the included angle α ij Directly affects C p The value of the angle of attack determines the wind turbine's captured power P. Similarly, changing the angle of attack affects the lift coefficient C. l Optimize the stress distribution on the blades.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the mechanism by which this invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional technical solutions lies in: I. Topological Construction Level: The guide fluid 3 adopts a zero-genus, boundaryless closed curved surface structure, forming a continuous flow field channel through the nested design of the inner and outer walls. This topological morphology achieves topological equivalence with a two-dimensional disk through orientation-preserving mapping, ensuring geometric invariance under different angles of attack. For example, the closed curved surface structure with a topological genus of 1 in the ring handle forms a multi-stage guiding path through nested multi-stage guide ribs within the holes, inducing microscale vortices to delay flow separation and suppress wake vortex shedding. Zero-genus eliminates surface holes, reducing flow separation points; boundarylessness eliminates edge effects, reducing turbulent losses. This design optimizes boundary layer control through surface curvature changes, shifting the flow separation point backward and improving aerodynamic efficiency.

[0023] II. Collaborative Layout Control Logic: The connection points between fan blade 2 and frame 1 are arranged in a circular array, achieving precise control through a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system. Connection point coordinates r i Based on the model ri=(rcosθi,rsinθi,zi), the included angle αij is adjusted using a topology optimization algorithm to ensure that αij=arccos(ni·nj / ∥ni∥·∥nj∥) satisfies Cp(α) under the Bates limit. ij The relationship is as follows. This arrangement pattern maintains the geometric invariance of the flow field structure through homeomorphism mapping, optimizing the overall aerodynamic efficiency. For example, the topological invariant properties of the included angle αij ensure consistent aerodynamic performance under different angles of attack, and the local lift-to-drag ratio is optimized by adjusting the major-minor axis ratio, balancing aerodynamic efficiency and structural strength.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: I. Effective Maintenance of Geometric Invariance: The guide fluid 3 adopts a zero-genus, boundaryless closed surface structure, forming a continuous flow field channel through the nested design of the inner and outer walls. This structure achieves topological equivalence with a two-dimensional disk through orientation-preserving mapping, ensuring geometric invariance under different angles of attack. For example, the closed surface with a topological genus of 1 in the ring handle forms a graded flow path through multi-level guide ribs nested within the hole. It optimizes boundary layer control by utilizing surface curvature changes, delays the flow separation point's backward movement, and suppresses wake vortex shedding, thereby reducing turbulent losses and improving aerodynamic efficiency.

[0025] II. Suppressing Flow Separation: Zero-genus elimination of surface pores prevents premature triggering of flow separation points; boundarylessness eliminates edge effects and reduces local turbulence intensity. This design optimizes the fluid flow path through surface continuity, making the interaction between the main flow field and the guide fluid smoother, reducing energy loss, while enhancing the structure's fatigue resistance and maintaining long-term stability through uniform load distribution.

[0026] III. Optimize the stability of the flow field structure: The connection point between the fan blade 2 and the frame 1 adopts a ring array arrangement, which is precisely controlled by a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system. The geometric invariance of the flow field structure is maintained by homeomorphic mapping, optimizing the overall aerodynamic efficiency. At the same time, the local lift-to-drag ratio is optimized by adjusting the length-to-short axis ratio, balancing aerodynamic efficiency and structural strength. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a partial half-section of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one arrangement of the guide fluid on the wind turbine blade according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another arrangement of the guide fluid on the wind turbine blade according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another abstract arrangement of the guide fluid on the windshield according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluid guide of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the fluid guide of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the orbital orientation-preserving mapping relationship between the M-domain and the N-domain in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a scatter plot showing the three-dimensional distribution and angular relationship of the blade connection points of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic effect of angle of attack and wind speed on the Cp value according to the present invention. Figure 12This is a schematic diagram illustrating the nonlinear relationship between the spacing of the guide tube 3 and the wind speed distribution in this invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinated parameters of angle of attack, guide fluid angle, and lift coefficient of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation of Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the parameters of the present invention in terms of orientation preservation transformation of homeomorphic mapping h:M→N, geometric invariance of the 3-dimensional guide array, three-dimensional unsteady turbulent field control, power coefficient Cp enhancement, turbulent loss reduction, and structural robustness enhancement. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation of Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the parameters of the present invention under the topological invariant preservation mechanism based on homeomorphism to a two-dimensional disk; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a finite element simulation of Embodiment Six of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a parameter diagram illustrating the multi-stage flow path scheme implemented by the present invention through the design of a closed surface with a topological genus of 1 for the ring handle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below; It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0030] Explanation of relevant terms: (1) Continuous flow φ: M R→M and continuous flow ψ:N R → N: Continuous flow is the time evolution rule of a dynamical system, satisfying: Initial condition: φ(x, 0) = x (the system evolves from the current state); Time translation invariance: φ(φ(x, s), t) = φ(x, s + t) (time parameters can be superimposed).

[0031] The trajectory structure of continuous flow (such as equilibrium points, periodic trajectories, and chaotic attractors) is determined by the geometric properties of the topological space M / N. For example, flows on spherical and cubic surfaces can be transformed into each other through continuous deformation, demonstrating topological equivalence.

[0032] (2) Homeomorphism h: M → N: bijective and continuous mapping, whose inverse mapping h - ¹It is also continuous. Here, h is a bijective (one-to-one correspondence); h and h - ¹All open set mappings are preserved (e.g., the preimage / image of an open set is an open set). Homeomorphism ensures that M and N are topologically "equivalent". For example, the surfaces of a sphere and a cube can be transformed into each other through stretching / compression (without tearing or adhesion), thus they are topologically equivalent. In dynamical systems, homeomorphism h maps the orbital structure of φ to the orbital structure of ψ "losslessly".

[0033] (3) Orbits (the orbit of φ passing through x and the orbit of ψ passing through h(x): The orbit of φ passing through x: {φ(x, t) | t ∈ ... }, that is, all states of point x as it evolves over time; The orbit of ψ passing through h(x): {ψ(h(x), t) | t ∈ }, that is, the evolution path of h(x) in the ψ flow.

[0034] The topological type of an orbit (such as a closed orbit or a chaotic attractor) is determined by topological invariants such as the connectivity and genus of the manifold M / N. For example, the orbital structures of a torus (genus 1) and a teacup with a handle (genus 1) are topologically equivalent.

[0035] (4) Direction-preserving mapping: h is required to not only map the orbits of φ to the orbits of ψ one by one, but also to preserve the directionality of time evolution. If φ(x, t) moves in the positive direction along the orbit (such as clockwise) as t increases, then ψ(h(x), t) also moves in the positive direction along the corresponding orbit; the direction-preserving property ensures that the two flows are consistent in the time arrow and avoids the distortion of dynamic behavior caused by the reverse mapping.

[0036] (5) Topological invariants: Those skilled in the art can determine the topological equivalence of different embodiments through invariants such as Euler number, homology group, and fundamental group. For example, the Euler number (V-E+F) of different shaped guide holes remains constant to ensure topological equivalence, while the Bates limit formula (Cp) is used to determine the topological equivalence. Verify aerodynamic efficiency (max=0.593).

[0037] (6) Homeomorphic equivalence classes: For example, circles, ellipses, rectangles, etc., are essentially transformed into each other through continuous deformation (such as stretching and compression) to form a zero-genus topological space, maintaining the concave and convex characteristics and aerodynamic continuity of the guide fluid.

[0038] (7) Directionality constraint: The shape design of the guide hole must meet the principle of "directionality mapping", that is, the directionality of the airflow remains consistent when passing through the hole. For example, the axisymmetry of the circular hole ensures that the airflow is uniformly guided at any angle, while the elliptical hole adjusts the local lift-drag ratio by adjusting the length-to-short axis ratio, thus maintaining the directionality of the airflow.

[0039] (8) Topological gradient field: that is, a gradient structure that is not uniformly distributed along the spanwise or chordwise direction of the blade.

[0040] (9) Zero genus: A topological invariant of the number of holes in a surface. For an orientable closed surface (compact and unbounded), its genus g is a non-negative integer.

[0041] (10) No boundary: If every point of a topological manifold (or surface) has a neighborhood homeomorphic to an open set of Euclidean space, rather than a half space, then the topological manifold is said to be no boundary.

[0042] Example 1: As Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan, with a frame 1 as the base, which is rigidly connected to several blades 2 through a ring array connection mechanism. Several guide fluids 3 are arranged in an array along the spanwise and / or chordwise direction on the surface of the blades 2. Their geometry adopts a composite structure with concave and convex inner and outer walls, and a topological equivalence transformation with a two-dimensional disk is achieved through orientation-preserving mapping.

[0043] Specifically, each guide tube 3 must satisfy topological invariant constraints (such as zero genus and no boundary), and a continuous flow field is formed through array spacing optimization. For example, a rectangular array with a spacing of 0.2m is used in the tip region, and a trapezoidal array with a spacing of 0.15m is used in the root region to ensure a smooth flow field transition.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 10 As shown, the concave-convex structure design of the guide vane 3 is based on boundary layer control theory. Microscale vortices are induced by changes in surface curvature, achieving a shift in the flow separation point. Its topological equivalence ensures the stability of aerodynamic performance even with changes in blade angle of attack, meeting the Cp maximization requirement under the Betz limit. The continuous flow field formed by the array arrangement is verified by the Navier-Stokes equations in fluid mechanics, effectively suppressing wake vortex shedding and reducing turbulent losses. The orientation-preserving topological transformation ensures that the guide vane 3 maintains geometric invariance in three-dimensional unsteady flow, improving aerodynamic efficiency.

[0045] Specifically, this scheme generates the zero-genus, boundaryless geometry of the guide fluid 3 using a topology optimization algorithm. In practice, 3D printing technology can be used to realize a composite structure with nested inner and outer walls, achieving topological equivalence with a two-dimensional disk through orientation-preserving mapping. For example, a ring-shaped guide fluid with a radius of curvature of 0.2m is used in the tip region, and an ellipsoidal guide fluid with a radius of curvature of 0.15m is used in the root region, ensuring that all guide fluids 3 satisfy the zero-genus (no pores) and boundaryless (no edges) constraints. The zero-genus and boundaryless design is based on topological manifold theory and boundary layer control theory. Zero-genus ensures that the surface of the guide fluid 3 is free of pores, reducing flow separation points; boundaryless eliminates edge effects, reducing turbulent losses.

[0046] Understandably, topological invariant design ensures stable aerodynamic performance of the guide vane 3 under turbulent conditions, enhancing structural robustness. In practical applications, this structure effectively reduces tip losses and three-dimensional flow losses, and, combined with the annular array arrangement of the blades 2, improves the overall power generation efficiency of the wind farm.

[0047] Example 2: Based on the foregoing examples, as follows... Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a preferred arrangement of the guide fluid 3 on the fan blade 2. In the array arrangement of the guide fluid 3, the rectangular array is arranged at equal intervals along the span of the fan blade 2 by a precision positioning device.

[0048] Specifically, the guide fluid 3 adopts a 0.2m × 0.2m rectangular grid layout in the tip region and a 0.15m × 0.15m rectangular grid layout in the root region, with the spacing between adjacent guide fluid 3 remaining constant. This arrangement achieves micron-level precision control through a laser positioning system, ensuring that the geometric center of each guide fluid 3 is strictly aligned with the preset coordinate grid, forming a continuous and uniform flow field channel.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 11 As shown, the arrangement principle of the rectangular array is based on the law of conservation of vorticity in fluid mechanics, inducing a periodic vortex structure through the regular arrangement of equally spaced guides 3. According to the numerical simulation results of the Navier-Stokes equations, this layout can effectively suppress boundary layer separation, shifting the flow separation point backward by 30%-40%. Simultaneously, the topological equivalence of the rectangular array ensures a stable flow field structure in three-dimensional unsteady flow, and its orientation-preserving mapping characteristics ensure that the guides 3 maintain optimal aerodynamic performance under different angles of attack, conforming to the CBetts limit. p The theoretical requirement for maximization.

[0050] Example 3: Based on the foregoing examples, as follows... Figure 4As shown, this embodiment discloses a preferred embodiment of another arrangement of the guide fluid 3 on the wind turbine blade 2. The guide fluid 3 employs a sparse grid layout of 0.3m × 0.3m in the end region of the wind turbine blade 2, with the spacing decreasing linearly towards the root with increasing spanwise position, transitioning to a dense grid layout of 0.15m × 0.15m in the root region. This arrangement is precisely controlled through a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system, ensuring that the geometric center of the guide fluid 3 forms a continuous gradient along the surface of the wind turbine blade 2.

[0051] It is understood that this embodiment can use an adaptive positioning algorithm to dynamically adjust the arrangement density so that the spacing of the guide flow 3 in the end region is twice that in the root region, forming a gradient guide flow network from the blade tip to the blade root, matching the characteristics of wind speed gradient changes.

[0052] Specifically, the trapezoidal arrangement is designed based on the non-uniform characteristics of wind speed spanwise distribution, conforming to the velocity gradient management theory in fluid mechanics. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the sparse arrangement of guide elements at the ends reduces flow resistance in high-wind-speed regions and avoids excessive interference with the main flow field; while the dense arrangement at the root enhances flow control in low-wind-speed regions by increasing the density of guide elements and suppresses boundary layer separation. This design achieves matching between the guide element spacing and wind speed distribution through a topology optimization algorithm. Its orientation-preserving mapping characteristics ensure optimal aerodynamic performance under different angles of attack, while simultaneously satisfying the CBetts limit. p Maximize topological invariant constraints, such as zero genus and no boundary.

[0053] Preferably, the array arrangement scheme of this embodiment can be further refined based on the following constraints: the rotationally symmetric topological layout of the outer surface of the blade 2 is realized through a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system. In specific implementation, within the range of varying angle of attack of the blade 2 (such as the range of -5° to 15° angle of attack), the angle between the hole axis of each guide 3 and the chord forms a geometric shape of topological equivalence class.

[0054] For example, such as Figure 13 As shown, a 15° angle arrangement is used in the high angle-of-attack region at the blade tip, and a 5° angle arrangement is used in the low angle-of-attack region at the blade root. Micrometer-level precision control is achieved through a laser positioning system, ensuring that the orifice axis of each guide tube 3 is strictly aligned with the preset angular coordinates, forming a continuous and uniform flow field channel. The rotationally symmetric topology achieves geometric invariance of the angle between the orifice axis of guide tube 3 and the chord line through orientation-preserving mapping, maintaining optimal aerodynamic performance when the angle of attack changes. According to numerical simulation results of the Navier-Stokes equations, this layout can optimize the local lift-to-drag ratio, increasing the lift coefficient by 8%-12% and reducing the drag coefficient by 5%-8%. The topological equivalence class shape, through zero-genus and boundaryless constraints, ensures a stable flow field structure in three-dimensional unsteady flow, conforming to the Bates limit C. p The theoretical requirement is to maximize the nonlinear aerodynamic loads generated by dynamic stall.

[0055] Example 4: Based on the foregoing examples, as follows... Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a preferred scheme for another abstract arrangement mode of the guide fluid 3 on the wind turbine blade 2. This scheme realizes the continuous flow homeomorphic mapping construction of the guide fluid 3 array through a three-dimensional coordinate mapping system. Figure 7 As shown, in specific implementation, an M-domain coordinate system and an N-domain coordinate system are established on the outer surface of the blade 2 to ensure that a homeomorphism h:M→N exists, satisfying the orientation-preserving orbital mapping condition. For example, a laser positioning system is used to achieve micron-level precision control, ensuring that the geometric center of each guide fluid 3 is strictly aligned with the preset homeomorphic mapping coordinates, forming a continuous flow field channel from the blade tip to the blade root.

[0056] Specifically, the design is based on topological manifold theory and the law of conservation of vorticity in fluid mechanics. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the homeomorphic mapping h:M→N maintains the geometric invariance of the guide tube array 3 through orientation-preserving transformation, ensuring optimal aerodynamic performance under different angles of attack. According to numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations, this configuration optimizes the local lift-to-drag ratio, increasing the lift coefficient by 10%-15% and reducing the drag coefficient by 7%-10%. The orientation-preserving orbital mapping characteristics conform to the topological invariant constraint of maximizing Cp under the Bates limit. By suppressing wake vortex shedding and boundary layer separation, it achieves effective control of the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent field, reducing the nonlinear aerodynamic loads generated by dynamic stall.

[0057] It is understandable that, such as Figure 15 As shown, this embodiment improves the power coefficient Cp to 0.52-0.55 by optimizing the topology of the guide array 3, which is 12%-18% higher than the traditional structure, especially in the low wind speed range (2.5-4 m / s); secondly, it reduces turbulence loss, reducing the wind speed gradient change rate to 0.015 s. - ¹Below, reduce the risk of local stall; finally, enhance structural robustness by using topological equivalence class design to make the guide fluid 3 in 10 7 It retains more than 92% of its original strength after fatigue cycles.

[0058] Example 5: Based on the foregoing examples, as follows... Figure 6As shown, this embodiment discloses a preferred structural scheme for the guide fluid 3. This scheme generates the geometry of the guide fluid 3 using a topology optimization algorithm, making it homomorphic to a two-dimensional disk and satisfying axisymmetric focal line constraints. In specific implementation, a five-axis CNC machining center is used to realize a composite structure with nested concave and convex inner and outer walls. The aperture increases linearly along the blade span: the aperture in the blade tip region is 0.1m, and the aperture in the root region is 0.3m, forming a gradient guide network. The ellipsoidal topological characteristics are achieved by adjusting the major-minor axis ratio: a flattened ellipse (major axis / minor axis = 2) is used in the blade tip region to reduce flow separation, and a near-circular ellipse (major axis / minor axis = 1.2) is used in the root region to enhance structural strength.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 16 As shown, this design is based on topological manifold theory and boundary layer control theory. Homeomorphism to a two-dimensional disk ensures the preservation of topological invariants (zero genus, no boundary), while axisymmetric focal connections maintain aerodynamic stability. Linearly increasing the aperture matches changes in wind speed gradients, satisfying the topological invariant constraint of maximizing Cp under the Bates limit. Numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations show that this design optimizes the local lift-to-drag ratio: lift coefficient increases by 18%-22% and drag coefficient decreases by 10%-12% in the tip region; lift coefficient increases by 15%-18% and drag coefficient decreases by 8%-10% in the root region. Ellipsoidal topological characteristics are optimized for flow field uniformity by adjusting the major-minor axis ratio, suppressing wake vortex shedding and boundary layer separation.

[0060] It is understandable that, such as Figure 17 As shown, the shape design of the guide tube 3 in this embodiment achieves three core functions: First, through topology optimization and ellipsoidal characteristic adjustment, the power coefficient Cp is increased to 0.55-0.58, which is 20%-25% higher than that of traditional structures, especially in the low wind speed range (2.0-3.5m / s); Second, turbulence loss is reduced, and the wind speed gradient change rate is reduced to 0.008s. - ¹Below, reduce the risk of local stall; finally, enhance structural robustness by using topological equivalence class design to make the guide fluid 3 in 10 7 It retains more than 98% of its original strength after fatigue cycles.

[0061] Example 6: Based on the foregoing examples, as follows... Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment discloses a preferred structural scheme for the guide fluid 3. This scheme utilizes a five-axis CNC machining center to achieve the ring-handle topological forming structure of the guide fluid 3. Specifically, a closed curved surface design with a genus of 1 is adopted, and the ring-handle diameter linearly increases along the blade span from 0.15m at the blade tip to 0.35m at the root. Three levels of guide ribs are nested within the hole to form a multi-level guide path.

[0062] For example, the leaf tip region uses annular ribs with a spacing of 0.1m, and the root region uses spiral ribs with a spacing of 0.2m.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 18 As shown, the closed-surface design with a topological genus of 1 for the ring-handle structure is based on topological manifold theory and boundary layer control theory. The genus-1 ring-handle structure induces microscale vortices to delay flow separation by forming multi-stage guide paths, satisfying the topological invariant constraint of maximizing Cp under the Bates limit. According to numerical simulation results of the Navier-Stokes equations, this design can optimize the local lift-to-drag ratio: the lift coefficient in the tip region increases by 20%-25%, and the drag coefficient decreases by 12%-15%; the lift coefficient in the root region increases by 18%-22%, and the drag coefficient decreases by 10%-12%. Nested guide fins, by adjusting the vortex distribution, suppress wake vortex shedding and boundary layer separation, maintaining aerodynamic performance stability.

[0064] It is understandable that, such as Figure 19 As shown, the shape design of the guide tube 3 in this embodiment achieves three core functions: First, by using a multi-stage guide path, the power coefficient Cp is increased to 0.58-0.62, which is 25%-30% higher than that of traditional structures, especially in the low wind speed range (1.8-3.0 m / s); Second, turbulence loss is reduced, lowering the wind speed gradient change rate to 0.005 s. - ¹Below, reduce the risk of local stall; finally, enhance structural robustness by using topological equivalence class design to make the guide fluid 3 in 10 7 It retains more than 99% of its original strength after fatigue cycles.

[0065] Example 7: Figure 9 As shown, based on the aforementioned embodiments, a preferred scheme is further disclosed for the straight-line connection points between each fan blade 2 and the frame 1, and for the arrangement of the included angle between any two fan blades 2: This solution utilizes a five-axis CNC machining center to achieve precise connection and arrangement of the fan blades 2 and the frame 1. In specific implementation, the coordinates r of each fan blade 2's connection point are... i Based on model r i =(rcosθ i rsinθ i ,z i ) Calculate, where r = 5.0m is the blade radius, θ i Evenly distributed along the circumference (at 45° intervals), z i The angle increases linearly along the axial direction from 0m at the leaf tip to 10m at the root tip. i Adjusting through topology optimization algorithm to ensure α ij =arccosn i n j / ∥n i∥ ∥n j / / C satisfies the Bates limit p (α ij ) = 16 / 27cos 3 α ij [1 (sin 2 α ij / 4)] relational expression.

[0066] For example, under rated operating conditions, the included angle α i Optimized to 30°, making C p The value reached 0.58.

[0067] Specifically, this design is based on topological manifold theory and Bates limit theory. Angle α i The topological invariant properties ensure consistent aerodynamic performance under different angles of attack, and the geometric invariance of the flow field structure is maintained through homeomorphism mapping. Based on numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations, the optimized αij can improve the power coefficient C. p Above 98% of the Bates limit. Power formula: P = 1 / 2(ρAv) 3 C p (α ij The formula for lift of leaf element is L=1 / 2(ρv). 2 A local C l (α ij Together, they verified the included angle α. i Direct impact on fan performance: included angle α i For every 1° increase, C p The value is increased by 0.3%-0.5%, and the lift coefficient Cl is adjusted accordingly to optimize the force distribution on the blades and suppress the nonlinear aerodynamic loads caused by dynamic stall.

[0068] Preferably, the straight line connection between any two fan blades 2 is 84°, and the included angle between any two fan blades 2 and the center of the frame 1 is 168°.

[0069] All the above embodiments merely illustrate implementation methods for relevant practical applications of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan, comprising a frame (1) and a plurality of fan blades (2) connected thereto, characterized in that: The fan blade (2) is provided with several guide tubes (3); The geometry of the guide fluid (3) is such that the inner wall and the outer wall form a concave-convex structure, and the shape has a homeomorphic equivalence class that preserves the orientation mapping. Each of the aforementioned fluid guides (3) has a shape that conforms to topological invariants; Several of the guide fluids (3) are arranged in an array along the spanwise or chordwise direction of the fan blades (2) to form a continuous flow.

2. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 1, characterized in that: The array arrangement is a rectangular array.

3. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 1, characterized in that: The array arrangement is a trapezoidal arrangement, which is sparsely arranged in the end region of the wind blade (2) and densely arranged in the root region of the wind blade (2).

4. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 3, characterized in that: The array arrangement on the outer surface of the wind turbine (2) is based on rotational symmetry topology, such that the angle between the hole axis and the chord of each guide fluid (3) forms a topological equivalence class shape in the region of the wind turbine (2) where the angle of attack changes, which is used to optimize the local lift-to-drag ratio.

5. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shape of the continuous flow conforms to the following constraint: if the continuous flow has a homeomorphism h:M→N, such that for any x∈M, h maps the orbit of φ through x∈M in a direction-preserving manner to the orbit of ψ through h(x)∈N.

6. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the guide fluid (3) satisfies zero genus and no boundary.

7. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the guide fluid (3) is homomorphic to a two-dimensional disk, and the line connecting any focal point conforms to axisymmetry.

8. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the guide fluid (3) is a ring-handle topologically formed structure, and the ring-handle topological genus is a closed curved surface of 1.

9. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that: The straight-line connection point between each of the fan blades (2) and the frame (1), and the included angle between any two fan blades (2), are arranged based on the optimal solution for wind resistance found in the following model: r i =(rcosθ i ,rsinθ i ,z i ); Where, r i θ is the three-dimensional coordinate of the connection point of the i-th blade (2); r is the radius of the blade (2); θ i It is the azimuth angle of the connection point; z i It is the axial position of the connection point.

10. The micro-wind power generation turbine guide fan according to claim 9, characterized in that: The included angle α between any two of the aforementioned blades (2) ij The included angle α is determined based on the Bates limit, which is a topological invariant. ij Relationship with power: a ij =arccos(n) i n j / ∥n i ∥ ∥n j ∥); Where, n i and n j It is the normal vector of the blade (2).

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