Electronic device

Abstract

The invention provides an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a display medium layer, a color filter layer and a visual angle barrier layer. The second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate and comprises a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface back to the first substrate. The display medium layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The color filter layer is arranged between the display medium layer and the second substrate. The viewing angle barrier layer contacts one of the first surface and the second surface. In the normal direction of the first surface, the thickness of the second substrate is smaller than that of the first substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to an electronic device, and more particularly to a display device having a viewing barrier layer. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic devices, including display panels, such as tablets, laptops, smartphones, monitors, and televisions, have become indispensable necessities in modern society. With the booming development of these portable electronic products, consumers have high expectations for their quality, functionality, and price.

[0003] As in-vehicle audio-visual systems become increasingly feature-rich, safety considerations necessitate that the passenger-side display system have privacy features to minimize distractions while driving, and that it share information with the driver when not driving, requiring a shared display function. In recent years, dual-view or multi-view display modules have been widely used in in-vehicle audio-visual systems. These modules often employ a viewing barrier layer to allow the display to simultaneously show two or more different images or perspectives.

[0004] Generally, a cost-effective dual-view or multi-view display technology involves attaching a pre-designed viewing barrier layer to the outside of the display's color filter substrate. However, this method performs poorly in terms of resolution for dual-view or multi-view displays. Furthermore, using an externally attached viewing barrier layer makes it difficult to achieve high-precision alignment accuracy, thus affecting process yield and production volume.

[0005] As mentioned above, developing structural designs that can further improve the display performance of electronic devices remains one of the topics that the industry is currently focusing on researching. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to embodiments disclosed herein, an electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a display dielectric layer, a color filter layer, and a viewing barrier layer. The second substrate is disposed relative to the first substrate and includes a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface facing away from the first substrate. The display dielectric layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The color filter layer is disposed between the display dielectric layer and the second substrate. The viewing barrier layer contacts one of the first surface and the second surface. Furthermore, in the normal direction of the first surface, the thickness of the second substrate is less than the thickness of the first substrate. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This diagram shows a schematic representation of the structure of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0008] Figure 2This diagram shows a schematic representation of the structure of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0009] Figure 3 This diagram shows a schematic representation of the structure of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0010] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the perspective determination according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0011] Figure 5 This shows that, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, transmittance (aperture ratio) is related to viewing angle (…). A diagram showing the relationship between light pattern distribution between ( ) and ( );

[0012] Figure 6 This diagram shows a structural schematic of some components of an electronic device including design parameters according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figures 7A to 7C This display shows different types of light patterns according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0014] Figure 8 This diagram shows a structural schematic of some components of an electronic device including design parameters according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 9 The diagram shows the corresponding light patterns obtained by using different viewing angle barrier layers in some embodiments according to this disclosure;

[0016] Figure 10 This diagram shows a structural schematic of some components in an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 11 This diagram shows a structural schematic of some components in an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figures 12A to 12C The diagram shows top-view structural schematics of different morphologies of viewing barrier layers and schematic diagrams of the images they present, according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following provides a detailed description of the electronic device according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that the following description provides many different embodiments for implementing various forms of some embodiments of this disclosure. The specific elements and arrangements described below are merely for the simple and clear description of some embodiments of this disclosure. Of course, these are only examples and not limitations of this disclosure. Furthermore, similar and / or corresponding reference numerals may be used in different embodiments to identify similar and / or corresponding elements for clear description of this disclosure. However, the use of these similar and / or corresponding reference numerals is only for the simple and clear description of some embodiments of this disclosure and does not imply any association between the different embodiments and / or structures discussed.

[0020] It should be understood that relative terms, such as "lower," "bottom," "higher," or "top," may be used in the embodiments to describe the relative relationship of one element to another in the figures. It is understood that if the apparatus in the figures is flipped upside down, the element described as being on the "lower" side will become the element on the "higher" side. This disclosed embodiment can be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 It should be understood that the accompanying drawings are also considered part of the disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings are not drawn to scale; in fact, the dimensions of elements may be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced to clearly show the features of this disclosure.

[0021] Furthermore, when it is mentioned that a first material layer is located on or above a second material layer, it may include situations where the first material layer and the second material layer are in direct contact, or situations where the first material layer and the second material layer are not in direct contact, that is, situations where there may be one or more other material layers between the first material layer and the second material layer. However, if the first material layer is located directly on the second material layer, it indicates that the first material layer and the second material layer are in direct contact.

[0022] Furthermore, it should be understood that the ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first," "second," etc., to modify elements, do not in themselves imply any prior ordinal number of the (or plurality of) elements, nor do they represent the order of one element with another, or the order of manufacturing methods. The use of these ordinal numbers is solely to clearly distinguish one named element from another element with the same name. The claims and specification may not use the same terminology; for example, the first element in the specification may be the second element in the claims.

[0023] In some embodiments disclosed herein, terms such as "connection" and "interconnection," unless specifically defined, may refer to two structures being in direct contact, or to two structures not being in direct contact, with other structures disposed between them. Furthermore, these terms regarding joining and connection may also include cases where both structures are movable or both structures are fixed. In addition, the terms "electrical connection" or "coupling" encompass any direct and indirect electrical connection means.

[0024] In this text, the terms "approximately," "substantially," and "roughly" typically indicate that a given value or range is within 10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5%. The phrase "the range is between the first and second values" indicates that the range includes the first value, the second value, and other values ​​in between. Furthermore, any values ​​or directions used for comparison may have a certain margin of error. If the first value equals the second value, it implies an approximately 10% error between them; if the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the angle between them may be between 80 and 100 degrees; if the first direction is parallel to the second direction, the angle may be between 0 and 10 degrees.

[0025] According to embodiments disclosed herein, the width, thickness, or height of each element, and the spacing or distance between elements, can be measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an optical microscope (OM), an alpha-step thickness gauge, an ellipsometry, or other suitable methods. Specifically, according to some embodiments, a scanning electron microscope can be used to obtain a cross-sectional image containing the elements to be measured, and the width, thickness, or height of each element, and the spacing or distance between elements, can be measured.

[0026] It should be understood that the features described below can be replaced, reorganized, or combined in several different embodiments to complete other embodiments without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. Features between embodiments can be arbitrarily combined and used as long as they do not violate the spirit of the invention or conflict with it.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is made. It is understood that such terms, for example, as defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the relevant art and the background or context of this disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner, unless specifically defined in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0028] According to the embodiments disclosed herein, an electronic device including a viewing barrier layer is provided. The viewing barrier layer can be disposed inside a color filter substrate (in-cell) or outside a thinned color filter substrate (on-cell), and is fabricated using a photolithography process, thereby improving the alignment accuracy of the viewing barrier layer and thus improving the process yield and performance of the electronic device.

[0029] According to embodiments disclosed herein, the electronic device can be applied to display devices, light-emitting devices, backlight devices, touch devices, sensing devices, wearable devices, automotive devices, or splicing devices, but is not limited thereto. The electronic device can be a bendable or flexible electronic device. The display device can be a non-self-emissive display device or a self-emissive display device. The sensing device can be a sensing device that senses capacitance, light, heat, or ultrasound, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the electronic device may, for example, include liquid crystal, quantum dot (QD), fluorescence, phosphorescence, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof. The electronic device may include electronic components, which may include passive and active components, such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, etc. The diode may include a light-emitting diode or a photodiode. The light-emitting diode may, for example, include an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a mini LED, a micro LED, or a quantum dot LED, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the electronic device may include a panel and / or a backlight module. The panel may include, for example, a liquid crystal panel or other self-emissive panels, but is not limited thereto. The splicing device may be, for example, a display splicing device, but is not limited thereto. It should be understood that the electronic device may be any of the foregoing arrangements and combinations, but is not limited thereto.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The figures show schematic diagrams of the electronic device 10 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the figures only schematically illustrate the stacked structure of the electronic device 10. According to some embodiments, additional features may be added to the electronic device 10 described below. According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may be an automotive display module, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 10 may include a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200, a display medium layer 300, a color filter layer 306, and a viewing barrier layer 400.

[0032] The first substrate 100 may serve as a driving substrate (or array substrate). Specifically, according to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include a driving circuit layer 304 disposed on the first substrate 100. According to some embodiments, the driving circuit layer 304 may include active driving circuitry, such as a thin-film transistor. According to some embodiments, the first substrate 100 may include a flexible substrate, a rigid substrate, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the first substrate 100 may be a light-transmitting substrate. According to some embodiments, the material of the first substrate 100 may include glass, quartz, sapphire, ceramic, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0033] The second substrate 200 is disposed relative to the first substrate 100 and includes a first surface 200a facing the first substrate 100 and a second surface 200b facing away from the first substrate 100. In other words, the second substrate 200 may have a first surface 200a adjacent to the first substrate 100 and a second surface 200b away from the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 may serve as a color filter substrate. According to some embodiments, the second substrate 200 may comprise a flexible substrate, a rigid substrate, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the second substrate 200 may be a light-transmitting substrate. According to some embodiments, the material of the second substrate 200 may include glass, quartz, sapphire, ceramic, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0034] Furthermore, in the normal direction (Z direction) of the first surface 200a of the second substrate 200, the thickness T200 of the second substrate 200 is less than the thickness T100 of the first substrate 100. It is worth noting that the aforementioned configuration can improve the alignment resolution of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, for example, to the micrometer (μm) level, thereby improving the alignment accuracy of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and enhancing the process yield and performance of electronic devices.

[0035] The display medium layer 300 may be disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. According to some embodiments, the display medium layer 300 may comprise liquid crystal, organic light-emitting diode (OLED), micro LED, other suitable display media, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may be a non-self-emissive display device or a self-emissive display device.

[0036] According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include alignment layers 302A and 302B disposed on both sides of the display medium layer 300. Alignment layer 302A may be compliantly disposed on the driving circuit layer 304, and alignment layer 302B may be compliantly disposed on the color filter layer 306, but is not limited thereto. Alignment layers 302A and 302B can assist in controlling the material properties (e.g., dielectric properties or alignment orientation) in the display medium layer 300, thereby controlling the display characteristics of the display unit layer DU. According to some embodiments, the materials of alignment layers 302A and 302B may include organic materials, inorganic materials, or combinations thereof. For example, organic materials may include polyimide (PI), poly(vinylcinnamate) (PVCN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), other photoreactive polymers, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto. Inorganic materials may include, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), glass, silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), other inorganic materials with alignment functions, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto.

[0037] Furthermore, the color filter layer 306 can be disposed between the display medium layer 300 and the second substrate 200. As mentioned above, the second substrate 200 can serve as the color filter substrate. Specifically, the color filter layer 306 can be disposed on the second substrate 200, and the driving circuit layer 304 can be disposed on the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 and the color filter layer 306 thereon can be paired with the first substrate 100 and the driving circuit layer 304 thereon, with the display medium layer 300 sandwiched between the color filter layer 306 and the driving circuit layer 304. The color filter layer 306 can filter or adjust the optical properties of light passing through it, for example, allowing light within a specific wavelength range to pass through. According to some embodiments, the upper surface of the color filter layer 306 can be considered as the starting position of the display light. According to some embodiments, the color filter layer 306 may include a blue filter layer, a green filter layer, and a red filter layer, which can be arranged in a specific manner, but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the material of the color filter layer 306 may include a color photoresist, which may include, for example, a polymer material and pigments and photosensitive materials dispersed therein, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the aforementioned polymer material may include epoxy resin, acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), benzocyclobutene (BCB), other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the electronic device may, as needed, not have the color filter layer 306 or the surrounding light-shielding layer 308 provided, but is not limited thereto.

[0038] Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include a light-shielding layer 308 disposed around the color filter layer 306, the light-shielding layer 308 being disposed around the color filter layer 306. According to some embodiments, the light-shielding layer 308 may be located in the same layer as the color filter layer 306, the light-shielding layer 308 may have multiple opening areas, and the color filter layer 306 may fill the opening areas. According to some embodiments, the upper surface of the light-shielding layer 308 may also be regarded as the starting position of the display light. According to some embodiments, in the normal direction of the second substrate 200 (e.g., the Z direction in the figures), the light-shielding layer 308 may at least partially overlap with the color filter layer 306. According to some embodiments, the light-shielding layer 308 may include a black matrix. The material of the light-shielding layer 308 may include black photoresist, black printing ink, black resin, metal, carbon black material, resin material, photosensitive material, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0039] According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 includes a display unit layer DU, which includes a plurality of display units. Specifically, according to some embodiments, the display unit layer DU may include an alignment layer 302A, a display medium layer 300, an alignment layer 302B, a color filter layer 306, and a light-shielding layer 308, and the range of one display unit is substantially the same as the range of one filter unit of the color filter layer 306. According to some embodiments, a display unit of the display unit layer DU is a unit that presents a viewpoint image, and can also be considered as a pixel. The display unit layer DU has a function equivalent to a grating, and can be used to control the switching or brightness of dual-view or multi-view images.

[0040] Furthermore, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 can contact one of the first surface 200a and the second surface 200b of the second substrate 200. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 is in contact with the first surface 200a of the second substrate 200. In other words, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the display medium layer 300 are disposed on the same side (inner side) of the second substrate 200, and the viewing angle barrier layer 400 can be considered as embedded in the display unit (in-cell). The viewing angle barrier layer 400 may have patterns corresponding to different viewing angles for dual-view or multi-view displays. According to some embodiments, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may include multiple sub-barrier layers (not shown), one of which is in contact with the second substrate 200. The viewing angle barrier layer 400 may be formed of a material with a shielding function. For example, according to some embodiments, the material of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may include black photoresist, black printing ink, black resin, metal, carbon black material, resin material, photosensitive material, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the patterned viewing angle barrier layer 400 may be formed by one or more photolithography processes and / or etching processes. According to some embodiments, the photolithography process may include, but is not limited to, photoresist coating (e.g., spin coating), soft baking, hard baking, shielding alignment, exposure, post-exposure baking, photoresist development, cleaning, and drying. The etching process may include, but is not limited to, dry etching or wet etching processes.

[0041] Specifically, according to some embodiments, the distance h between the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the color filter layer 306 in the normal direction of the first surface 200a (e.g., the Z direction in the figures) can be between 37 μm and 518 μm (i.e., 37 μm ≤ distance h ≤ 518 μm), for example, 42 μm, 46 μm, 49 μm, 52 μm, 56 μm, 58 μm, 59 μm, 61 μm, 65 μm, 69 μm, 70 μm, 73 μm, 78 μm, 79 μm, 81 μm, 83 μm, 86 μm, 91 μm, 92 μm, 97 μm, 104 μm, 107 μm, 110 μm, 115 μm, 122 μm, 12 5μm, 137μm, 138μm, 143μm, 146μm, 152μm, 155μm, 157μm, 162μm, 173μm, 175μm, 177μm, 183μm, 203μm, 207μm, 219μm, 230μm, 248μm, 258μm, 274μm, 311μm, 322μm, 365μm, or 457μm. This part will be explained in detail below. Specifically, the aforementioned distance h refers to the minimum distance between the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the color filter layer 306 in the normal direction of the first surface 200a (e.g., the Z direction in the figures).

[0042] According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include a planarization layer 402, which may be disposed between the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the color filter layer 306. The planarization layer 402 can be used to adjust the distance of the display light to the viewing angle barrier layer 400 in a dual-view display design, and can provide a flat surface for the color filter layer 306 and the light-shielding layer 308 to be formed. According to some embodiments, the refractive index of the planarization layer 402 may be between 1.2 and 1.7, for example, it may be 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6. The material of the planarization layer 402 may be a light-transmitting material. The planarization layer 402 may contain organic or inorganic materials. For example, according to some embodiments, organic materials may include, for example, perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylenepropylene (FEP), polyethylene, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the inorganic material may include silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0043] Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include an adhesive layer 310 and a polarizing layer 312, which may be disposed on the second surface 200b of the second substrate 200, with the adhesive layer 310 disposed between the second substrate 200 and the polarizing layer 312. The adhesive layer 310 may be used to fix the polarizing layer 312 to the second substrate 200, or it may also have a planarization function. The adhesive layer 310 contains an adhesive material. According to some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer 310 may include optically clear adhesive (OCA), optically clear resin (OCR), pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), acrylic adhesive, acrylic resin, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the polarizing layer 312 may contain a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. The polarizing layer 312 may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure.

[0044] According to some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may further include a sensing element (not shown) disposed on the polarizing layer 312. The sensing element may be, for example, a touch layer, which may include touch electrodes and wires. According to some embodiments, the materials of the touch electrodes and wires may include metallic materials or transparent conductive materials. For example, metallic materials may include copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), indium (In), ruthenium (Ru), tin (Sn), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), palladium (Pd), alloys of the above materials, other suitable materials, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto. Transparent conductive materials may include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), other suitable transparent conductive materials, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto.

[0045] Next, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2The figures show schematic diagrams of the electronic device 20 according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the figures only schematically illustrate the stacked structure of the electronic device 20. According to some embodiments, additional features may be added to the electronic device 20 described below. According to some embodiments, the electronic device 20 may be an automotive display module, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0046] Figure 2 The illustrated electronic device 20 is generally similar to the aforementioned electronic device 10. Compared to electronic device 10, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 in electronic device 20 is in contact with the second surface 200b of the second substrate 200. In this embodiment, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the display medium layer 300 are disposed on different sides of the second substrate 200 (the viewing angle barrier layer 400 is disposed on the outer side), and the viewing angle barrier layer 400 can be considered to be located on the display unit (on-cell). In this embodiment, the refractive index of the second substrate 200 may be between 1.2 and 1.7, for example, it may be 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6.

[0047] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, according to some embodiments, the electronic device 20 may further include a protective layer 404 disposed on the viewing barrier layer 400, the protective layer 404 being disposed between the viewing barrier layer 400 and the adhesive layer 310. The protective layer 404 can protect the viewing barrier layer 400 disposed on the outside of the second substrate 200, reducing the chance of the viewing barrier layer 400 being damaged or destroyed during the process. According to some embodiments, the material of the protective layer 404 may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, other suitable protective materials, or combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0048] According to some embodiments, the electronic device 20 may further include a sensing element (not shown) disposed on the polarizing layer 312. The sensing element may be, for example, a touch layer, which may include touch electrodes and wires.

[0049] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The figures show schematic diagrams of the electronic device 30 according to other embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that the figures only schematically illustrate the stacked structure of the electronic device 30. According to some embodiments, additional features may be added to the electronic device 30 described below. According to some embodiments, the electronic device 30 may be an automotive display module, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0050] The electronic device 30 may include a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200, a driving circuit layer 304, a display unit layer DU, and a viewing barrier layer 400. The driving circuit layer 304, the display unit layer DU, and the viewing barrier layer 400 may be disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The viewing barrier layer 400 is in contact with a first surface 200a of the second substrate 200. The display unit layer DU is disposed between the viewing barrier layer 400 and the driving circuit layer 304. The display unit layer DU includes a plurality of display units. In this embodiment, the display units may be inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, one display unit of the display unit layer DU has a pixel range approximately the same as that of an inorganic light-emitting diode or an organic light-emitting diode.

[0051] Next, the relationship between the light pattern diagram and the structure of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 will be explained. Please refer to... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the determination of viewing angle according to some embodiments of this disclosure. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the normal direction of the second substrate 200 can be defined as the viewing angle 0 degrees. When facing an electronic device (e.g., located on the side farther from the display unit layer DU), the left side of 0 degrees is the positive viewing angle, and the right side of 0 degrees is the negative viewing angle. For example, when the electronic device is as follows... Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 is closer to the viewer VR than the second substrate 200. The viewer VR can view the image presented by the display unit layer DU through the opening 400p (which can be considered as a light-transmitting area) of the viewing angle barrier layer 400. The viewer VR's viewing range is the angle. ,angle For example, it can be 30 degrees plus or minus 10 degrees. Furthermore, in automotive display modules, the panel is generally centered and it is desirable for the left and right passengers to have their own viewing areas (for example, the viewing range of the left-hand drive position is -30 degrees ± 10 degrees, and the viewing range of the right-hand drive position is +30 degrees ± 10 degrees), and that they do not interfere with each other in their respective viewing areas.

[0052] As mentioned above, the distance h between the opening 400p (light-transmitting area) of the viewing barrier layer 400, the display unit layer DU, and the viewing barrier layer 400 and the color filter layer 306 can be obtained as follows: Figure 4 The diagram shows the geometric relationships. Please refer to it. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This displays the transmittance (aperture ratio) and viewing angle derived from the aforementioned geometric relationships. The relationship between (light pattern distribution). For example... Figure 5 As shown, as well as To ensure that the entire display area A1 of the display unit layer DU can be viewed within an angular range, Because the viewing angle range of display area A1 is not visible, but located in to Between and to The area between these points represents the angular range of the viewable display area A1. Furthermore, it can be obtained from this... Display area A1 and Partial angle range, Display area A1 refers to the entire viewing angle range of display area A1, where... "Partial" refers to the range of angles from which the luminous gradient area can be viewed.

[0053] As mentioned above, the light pattern diagram can be obtained from the geometric relationship diagram, and conversely, the geometric relationship between the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the display area A1 can be designed based on the light pattern diagram. Furthermore, as long as the design is performed for one viewing angle, the translational symmetry will be satisfied for other viewing angles, thus allowing for reuse. Please refer to... Figure 6 The diagram shows a structural schematic of some components of an electronic device, including design parameters, according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The parameters can be obtained from the opening 400p (light-transmitting area) of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, the display area A1 and non-display area A2 of the display unit layer DU, and the distance h between the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the display unit layer DU. Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the geometric relationship. The opening 400p (transparent area) of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may have a width W400r, and the display area A1 of the display unit layer DU may have a width Wpx. Furthermore, the relationship between the opening 400p of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and the display area A1 of the display unit layer DU can be determined. Partial angle range.

[0054] It should be understood that, at Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the light-transmitting area of ​​the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may be smaller than the display area A1 of the display unit layer DU, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the light-transmitting area of ​​the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may be larger than the display area A1 of the display unit layer DU. Furthermore, Figure 6 Therefore, as Figure 1 The structure of the electronic device 10 shown is illustrated as an example, therefore the distance h can be the height of the planarization layer 402. If we take as an example... Figure 2 In terms of the structure of the electronic device 20 shown, the distance h is the height of the thinned second substrate 200.

[0055] Please refer to Figures 7A to 7C , Figures 7A to 7C This display shows different types of light patterns (from a left-hand drive perspective) according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, the light patterns can be classified according to the required angle (period) in the air. Figures 7A to 7C The three categories shown.

[0056] As the requirements for left and right viewing angles differ The angular period may vary, and the main reasons for this classification are as follows. Figure 7A In the middle, let the starting point of the left-view dark area angle be located at Between, the endpoint of the left-view dark area angle is greater than Since a smaller period at the same height h results in a larger dual-view pixels per inch (DVppi), the minimum angular period in this scenario is... Dual-view pixels include first-view pixels and second-view pixels. For detailed information about dual-view pixels, please refer to the documentation. Figure 8 The explanation. (Regarding...) Figure 7B In addition to the angle requirements for left-hand drive and right-hand drive, if it is also necessary to ensure that the middle passenger in the rear seat cannot see the images on the left and right sides from a specific angle range, then... Then the starting point of the left-view dark area angle is located at Between (selected in this example) (This serves as the starting point of the left-side dark area angle, ensuring a higher brightness platform intensity for the left-side driving position), and the ending point of the left-side dark area angle is greater than... Since a smaller period at the same distance h will result in a larger DVppi, the minimum angular period in this scenario is: .At Figure 7C In the middle, the goal is to obtain a smaller angular period. ,therefore Furthermore, the left-hand drive image must not interfere with the right-hand drive image; therefore, the starting point of the left-view dark area angle is located at... The endpoint of the left-view dark area angle is located at Similarly, right-hand drive vehicles will also satisfy a similar relationship.

[0057] In addition, such as Figure 7A As shown, the corresponding The angular period is 120 degrees, mainly used in situations where the left-hand drive visibility range is -30 degrees ± 10 degrees and the right-hand drive visibility range is 30 degrees ± 10 degrees, and their respective visibility zones should not interfere with each other. For example... Figure 7B As shown, the corresponding The angular period is 90 degrees, primarily applicable in situations where the left-hand drive visibility range is -30 degrees ± 10 degrees and the right-hand drive visibility range is 30 degrees ± 10 degrees, and their respective visibility zones should not interfere with each other. Furthermore, the range where the two mixed images are not visible from the rear seat center position is 0 degrees ± 10 degrees. For example... Figure 7C As shown, the corresponding The angular period is 40 degrees, and it is mainly used in situations where the visibility range of the left-hand drive is -30 degrees ± 10 degrees and the visibility range of the right-hand drive is 30 degrees ± 10 degrees, and the two vision zones should not interfere with each other.

[0058] The aperture period can be adjusted according to the upper and lower boundaries required by the specifications. Once the aperture of the beam shape is determined, the aperture ratio is confirmed: Aperture ratio = Gradient zone angle / Aperture period = part( partial) / Zhang Angle Period ( pitch). Partial = angular difference between the center and edge of the visible area. For example, at... Figure 7A In the middle, (20 degrees - (-30 degrees)) / 120 degrees = 50 / 120 = 42%, (20 degrees - (-20 degrees)) / 120 degrees = 40 / 120 = 33%. After designing the geometry and corresponding light pattern, if it is desired that the light intensity at the left viewing angle (-30 degrees ± 10 degrees) does not change with the angle (fixed aperture ratio), this can be achieved by changing the geometry (please refer to...). Figure 8 To obtain a similar light pattern to a fixed bright area plateau, the smaller of wt_down and wt_up in the attached diagram is reduced (keeping wt_down + wt_up constant). In other words, the light intensity of the bright area plateau is reduced by the smaller wt_min / The pitch is determined, but not limited to.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This diagram shows a structural schematic of some components of an electronic device including design parameters according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The structure can be obtained from the opening 400p (light-transmitting area, having a width wt-up) of the viewing barrier layer 400, the display unit layer DU, and the distance h between the viewing barrier layer 400 and the display unit layer DU. Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the geometric relationships. The paths of rays PW1, PW4, and PW5 do not pass through the opening 400p of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, and are therefore invisible to the viewer (indicated by X). The paths of rays PW2, PW3, and PW6 pass through the opening 400p of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, and are therefore visible to the viewer (indicated by O).

[0060] In detail, the opening 400p of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 is a light-transmitting area with a width wt-up. The width wt-up refers to the maximum width of the opening 400p of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 (e.g., the X direction in the figures). Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the electronic device can function as a dual-view display, with the display unit layer DU having first-viewpoint pixels PX1 and second-viewpoint pixels PX2. Multiple first-viewpoint pixels PX1 present a first-viewpoint image, which can be presented to a first-viewpoint observer (e.g., a left-hand drive vehicle). In other words, the display light from the multiple first-viewpoint pixels PX1 passes through the viewing angle barrier layer 400, allowing the first-viewpoint observer to see the first-viewpoint image. Multiple second-viewpoint pixels PX2 present a second-viewpoint image, which can be presented to a second-viewpoint observer (e.g., a right-hand drive / passenger vehicle). In other words, the display light from the multiple second-viewpoint pixels PX2 passes through the viewing angle barrier layer 400, allowing the second-viewpoint observer to see the second-viewpoint image. Furthermore, the first-view pixel PX1 has a width of wt-down-1, and the second-view pixel PX2 has a width of wt-down-2. Also, adjacent first-view pixels PX1 may have a pitch W, and adjacent second-view pixels PX2 may have a pitch W.

[0061] Please refer to Table 1, which shows the optimal range of the aperture ratio that can be adjusted within ±10 degrees of the center angle for a specific light pattern (different required angles (periods) in the air). (A smaller range of angles for the bright area platform corresponds to a higher aperture ratio.)

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] Furthermore, to determine the maximum possible dual-viewpoint pixels per inch (Dvppi) in a design, the following parameters need to be known: the distance h between the display unit layer DU and the viewing barrier layer 400 (e.g., in some implementations, the distance from the upper surface of the color filter layer 306 to the lower surface of the viewing barrier layer 400), and the refractive index of the material between the display unit layer DU and the viewing barrier layer 400, as well as the distance h (in μm). If the refractive index of the medium is ng, the required period width of the viewing barrier layer 400 (corresponding to the width of the pitch W) can be calculated from the DVppi. If the corresponding light pattern period angle in the design is... p( If the pitch is less than or equal to 0, then the following formula is used for calculation:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Please refer to Tables 2 to 4 below. Tables 2 to 4 show the maximum height limits corresponding to different light patterns under different media (ng).

[0069] Table 2 shows the values ​​when n=1.5. The aperture ratio limit under different design scenarios for left and right views (unrelated to DVppi).

[0070]

[0071] Center of angle: Left view (-30 degrees), Right view (+30 degrees), Back view (0 degrees)

[0072] Table 3 shows the values ​​when n=1.2. The aperture ratio limit under different design scenarios for left and right views (unrelated to DVppi).

[0073]

[0074] Center of angle: Left view (-30 degrees), Right view (+30 degrees), Back view (0 degrees)

[0075] Table 4 shows the values ​​when n=1.7. The aperture ratio limit under different design scenarios for left and right views (unrelated to DVppi).

[0076]

[0077] Center of angle: Left view (-30 degrees), Right view (+30 degrees), Back view (0 degrees)

[0078] As mentioned above, when a dual-view resolution of 170ppi is required, the distance h needs to be less than a certain value. For example, when ng=1.5 and there is no visible mixed image in the middle, and the angle is 90 degrees, the distance h needs to be less than 143μm to achieve this. The table shows that a smaller angle period allows for a larger design value for the distance h, but it should be noted that this still requires a suitable structural design for the display unit layer (DU). As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, when the electronic device is a non-self-emissive display, it is known that using the viewing angle barrier layer 400 technology, designing the viewing angle barrier layer 400 within the color filter substrate (in-cell) can effectively reduce the distance h, thereby improving the dual-view resolution.

[0079] In addition, please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9The diagram shows corresponding light patterns obtained using different viewing angle barrier layers 400 according to some embodiments of this disclosure, wherein the dark bars in the upper figure represent light presented to a first-view observer (e.g., left-hand drive) and the light presented to a second-view observer (e.g., right-hand drive). Figure 9 As shown, according to some embodiments, two or more viewing angle barrier layers 400 (e.g., viewing angle barrier layer 400-1 and viewing angle barrier layer 400-2 in the figures) can be used to achieve the desired angle of view, increasing design flexibility. When designing two viewing angle barrier layers 400, the light layer can be divided into two layers (viewing angle barrier layer 400-1 and viewing angle barrier layer 400-2) and designed separately as needed. In other words, when designing multiple viewing angle barrier layers 400, the distance h between each corresponding display unit layer DU and the viewing angle barrier layer 400 can be calculated independently using the aforementioned formula, and the final combined light pattern is the product of the two layers sequentially. According to some embodiments, the width of viewing angle barrier layer 400-2 can be smaller than the width of viewing angle barrier layer 400-1, and the openings between viewing angle barrier layer 400-2 and viewing angle barrier layer 400-1 overlap. In particular, the aforementioned configuration of multiple viewing angle barrier layers 400 can further reduce light leakage and improve the quality of the displayed image. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the size of the lower viewing barrier layer 400-1 can be adjusted to be an integer multiple of the display area A1 (not shown) of the display unit layer DU. In this way, the lower viewing barrier layer 400-1 can be omitted, and the display unit layer DU can be used for control instead.

[0080] Next, please refer to Figure 10 as well as Figure 11 , Figure 10 as well as Figure 11 This diagram shows structural schematics of some components in an electronic device according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 10 as well as Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the configuration relationship between a viewing angle barrier layer 400 and a first viewing angle pixel PX and a second viewing angle pixel PX2 in a display unit layer DU of an electronic device. The display unit layer DU includes a display area A1 and a non-display area A2, wherein the second viewing angle pixel PX2, which controls the second viewing angle image, is indicated by a dashed box. Figure 10As shown, according to some embodiments, the long side of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 (e.g., a striped grating) can be arranged perpendicularly to the first viewing angle pixel PX or the second viewing angle pixel PX2 (e.g., a sub-pixel), thereby reducing color unevenness in the displayed image. Furthermore, in embodiments where the long side of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 is arranged perpendicularly to the first viewing angle pixel PX or the second viewing angle pixel PX2, a viewing angle barrier layer 400 with the same or an integer multiple of the period width (corresponding to the width of the pitch W) can be selected to reduce moiré patterns, and this method has no impact on resolution.

[0081] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 As shown, according to some embodiments, the viewing barrier layers 400 can be arranged in an interlaced pattern, such as a checkerboard distribution. This configuration can further reduce the perceived stripe effect (e.g., reduce moiré patterns) by the viewer. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the viewing barrier layers 400 (e.g., striped gratings) can be obliquely attached such that the long side of the viewing barrier layer 400 forms an angle with the long side of the first viewing angle pixel PX or the second viewing angle pixel PX2. This method can reduce moiré patterns, but attention must be paid to the proportion of left and right viewing angles. On the other hand, the non-display area A2 of the display unit layer DU can also be used as a white screen to increase screen brightness, but the contrast will be relatively reduced.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 12A to 12C , Figures 12A to 12C The diagram shows top-view structural schematics of different morphologies of the viewing angle barrier layer 400 and schematic diagrams of the image DS presented thereon, according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Figures 12A to 12C As shown, the viewing barrier layer 400 may contain multiple light-transmitting areas 400R, and these light-transmitting areas 400R may be arranged in an alternating pattern. For example... Figure 12A As shown, according to some embodiments, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may have a striped grating structure, the extension direction of the stripes may be substantially parallel to the short side direction of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, and the presented image DS includes patterns corresponding to multiple light-transmitting areas 400R. Figure 12B As shown, according to some embodiments, the viewing barrier layer 400 may have a patterned grating structure, the pattern including, for example, multiple concave and convex portions, and the presented image DS includes patterns corresponding to multiple light-transmitting areas 400R. Figure 12C As shown, according to some embodiments, the viewing angle barrier layer 400 may have a structure of oblique stripe grating, the extension direction of the oblique stripes is not parallel to the short side direction and the long side direction of the viewing angle barrier layer 400, and the presented image DS contains patterns corresponding to multiple light-transmitting areas 400R.

[0083] In summary, according to the embodiments disclosed herein, an electronic device including a viewing angle barrier layer is provided. The viewing angle barrier layer can be disposed inside a color filter substrate (in-cell) or outside a thinned color filter substrate (on-cell), and is fabricated using a photolithography process, thereby improving the alignment accuracy of the viewing angle barrier layer and thus improving the process yield and performance of the electronic device.

[0084] While the embodiments and advantages of this disclosure have been disclosed above, it should be understood that any person skilled in the art can make modifications, substitutions, and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Features between the embodiments of this disclosure can be freely combined and used as long as they do not violate the spirit of the invention or conflict with it. Furthermore, the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited to the processes, machines, manufacturing methods, material compositions, apparatuses, methods, and steps in the specific embodiments of the specification. Any person skilled in the art can understand from the content of this disclosure that current or future developed processes, machines, manufacturing methods, material compositions, apparatuses, methods, and steps can be used according to this disclosure as long as they can perform substantially the same function or obtain substantially the same results in the embodiments described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure includes the aforementioned processes, machines, manufacturing methods, material compositions, apparatuses, methods, and steps. The scope of protection of this disclosure shall be determined by the appended claims. No embodiment or claim of this disclosure needs to achieve all the purposes, advantages, and features disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: First substrate; The second substrate is disposed relative to the first substrate and includes a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface facing away from the first substrate. A display dielectric layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; A color filter layer is disposed between the display medium layer and the second substrate; as well as A viewing barrier layer that contacts one of the first surface and the second surface. In the direction normal to the first surface, the thickness of the second substrate is less than the thickness of the first substrate.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the normal direction of the first surface, the distance between the viewing angle barrier layer and the color filter layer is between 37 micrometers and 518 micrometers.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viewing barrier layer is in contact with the first surface.

4. The electronic device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A planarization layer is disposed between the viewing barrier layer and the color filter layer.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The refractive index of the planarization layer is between 1.2 and 1.

7.

6. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viewing barrier layer is in contact with the second surface.

7. The electronic device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The refractive index of the second substrate is between 1.2 and 1.

7.

8. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display medium layer includes liquid crystal, organic light-emitting diode, or micro light-emitting diode.

9. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The view barrier layer comprises multiple sub-barrier layers.

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viewing barrier layer includes multiple light-transmitting areas, which are arranged in an alternating pattern.

Images