Single-component black electrochromic device and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a single-component black electrochromic device and a preparation method thereof. The single-component black electrochromic device sequentially comprises first ITO (indium tin oxide) conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer and second ITO conductive glass from top to bottom, wherein the single-component black electrochromic layer comprises poly (benzodifuran diketone) and polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane containing an aromatic group, and reversible conversion from a black state to a transparent state is realized by the poly (benzodifuran diketone) through a redox reaction of the poly (benzodifuran diketone); the material has good purity blackness, does not need an ion storage layer, is simple to prepare, and can reduce the production cost; and meanwhile, the single-component structure avoids the problem of low laminated complementary matching efficiency, and the cycling stability of the device can be remarkably improved. In addition, the cyclic stability of the device can be further improved through the synergistic effect of poly (benzodifuran diketone) and polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups, so that the preparation process is more controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochromic technology, specifically to a single-component black electrochromic device and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochromic devices, as smart materials capable of dynamically modulating optical properties, have broad application prospects in consumer electronics, building energy conservation, and defense technology. In existing technologies, electrochromic devices generally employ a multi-layer stacked structure (typically a seven-layer architecture: support layer - ITO conductive layer - electrochromic layer - electrolyte layer - ion storage layer - ITO conductive layer - support layer), achieving optical state transitions through the synergistic effect of each functional layer. However, this structure suffers from complex manufacturing processes, high precision requirements, and significant equipment dependence, resulting in high production costs and severely hindering its commercialization.

[0003] Black electrochromic devices, due to their reversible "black-to-transparent" switching capability, effectively meet diverse needs such as privacy protection, energy saving, and camouflage, and have become a research hotspot in this field. However, existing technologies have significant limitations: the method of achieving black by stacking complementary multi-color materials inevitably leads to complex device structures, increased manufacturing processes, and higher costs; the complementary matching efficiency between different color-producing materials is insufficient, easily causing degradation in cycle stability; and to date, no single material has been found that can independently achieve reversible switching between black and transparent states, still requiring multi-material composite or doping processes, which greatly limits the potential for miniaturization and large-scale application of the devices. Therefore, developing black electrochromic devices with simplified structure, high blackness, and excellent cycle stability has become a key technological bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome.

[0004] In conclusion, a new technical solution is urgently needed to address the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, this invention provides a single-component black electrochromic device and its fabrication method. This invention uses a single material to achieve a reversible transition from black to transparent in the electrochromic device, while maintaining good cycle stability, a simple process, a simple structure, high blackness, and high purity.

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a single-component black electrochromic device, wherein the single-component black electrochromic device comprises, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass. The single-component black electrochromic layer comprises an electrochromic material and a surfactant, wherein the electrochromic material is poly(benzodifuran dione), with the following structural formula: ; The surfactant is a polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups.

[0007] Furthermore, the preparation method of the polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups includes the following steps: S1. 4-(diphenylamino)phenol, bromopropene, potassium carbonate, and potassium iodide are mixed, heated and reacted, and purified to obtain 4-allyloxytriphenylamine. S2. Under inert gas protection, the 4-allyloxytriphenylamine, polymethylhydrosiloxane, allyl polyether, and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate are mixed, heated and reacted, and purified to obtain polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups.

[0008] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of 4-(diphenylamino)phenol, bromopropylene, potassium carbonate, and potassium iodide is (20-100):(20-60):(20-100):1.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature is 70-90℃. Further, in step S2, the mass ratio of 4-allyloxytriphenylamine, polymethylhydrosiloxane, allyl polyether, and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is (1-10):(30-70):(10-20):(0.001-0.005).

[0010] Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the first ITO conductive glass and the second ITO conductive glass is 10-80 ohm / sq.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer comprises an electrolyte, a polymer monomer, a photoinitiator, a solvent, and a thickener; The electrolyte is selected from one or more of lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. The polymer monomer is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methyl methacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate.

[0012] Furthermore, the photoinitiator is selected from one or more of ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphonate, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone.

[0013] Furthermore, the solvent is selected from one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, and butene carbonate.

[0014] Furthermore, the tackifier is selected from one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, and polyethylene oxide.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device, the method comprising the following steps: S1. The black electrochromic material is blended with a surfactant, coated on the surface of the first ITO conductive glass, and heated and dried to obtain a black electrochromic layer. S2. Electrolyte mixture is prepared by blending electrolyte, polymer monomer, photoinitiator, solvent and thickener; S3. The spacing between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is controlled by polyimide tape. An electrolyte mixture solution is injected between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass and cured under ultraviolet light to obtain a single-component black electrochromic device.

[0016] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of the black electrochromic material to the surfactant is (90-99.9):(0.1-10).

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the thickness of the black electrochromic layer is 50-250 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, the scraping speed is 1.5-5 m / min.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, the heating temperature is 80-100℃.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S1, the drying time is 0.5-3 h.

[0021] Further, in step S2, the mass ratio of the electrolyte, polymer monomer, photoinitiator, solvent, and thickener is (1-3):(35-42):(1-8):(40-46):(10-15).

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, the spacing between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is 20-200 μm.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, the UV curing power is 60-200 W / cm².2 The photocuring time is 15-60 seconds.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a single-component black electrochromic device and its fabrication method. The single-component black electrochromic device comprises, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass. Specifically, this invention uses poly(benzodifurandione) as the single-component black electrochromic material, achieving a reversible conversion from black to transparent through its own redox reaction. This material itself possesses good blackness and requires no ion storage layer, reducing one device fabrication step and lowering production costs. Simultaneously, the single-component structure avoids the problem of low complementary matching efficiency in stacked layers, significantly improving the device's cycle stability.

[0025] Significant synergistic effects can occur between poly(benzodifurandione) and polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups. The aromatic groups are the key bridge for this synergistic effect, forming a π-π stacking interaction with the conjugated aromatic structure of poly(benzodifurandione). On one hand, this specific interaction breaks the hydrophobic attraction and intermolecular π-π aggregation tendency of poly(benzodifurandione) molecules due to their own conjugated structure, effectively suppressing aggregation and ensuring a uniform molecular-level distribution of poly(benzodifurandione) in the electrochromic layer. On the other hand, the π-π stacking interaction between the aromatic groups and poly(benzodifurandione) is directional, guiding the poly(benzodifurandione) molecules to form a parallel, misaligned, advantageous stacking configuration, maximizing the overlap of π electron clouds and constructing continuous and efficient channels for charge transport. Meanwhile, flexible siloxane segments can effectively insert into the poly(benzodifurandione) molecular chains, thereby reducing inter-chain friction and entanglement. This insertion also helps reduce the crystallinity of poly(benzodifurandione). These factors collectively lead to an increase in the free volume within the system, which promotes ion and electron transport, thus optimizing its color-changing ability. Furthermore, the insertion of siloxane segments can effectively regulate the π-π stacking interface between poly(benzodifurandione) molecules, optimizing their arrangement order and stacking distance. These combined effects ultimately significantly improve the charge mobility and stability of organic optoelectronic thin films, which is of great significance for optimizing the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The product appearance of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 is shown.

[0027] Figure 2 Cyclic data for the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 are shown.

[0028] Figure 3 The ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectra of the single-component black electrochromic devices prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown under power-off and 1.5V applied voltage. in: Figure 3 (a) shows the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrum of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 under power-off and 1.5V applied voltage; Figure 3 (b) shows the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectra of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Comparative Example 1 under power-off and 1.5V applied voltage. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided. Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials, reactions, and post-processing methods appearing in the embodiments are all commercially available raw materials and technical methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0030] The terms "preferred," "more preferably," and "more suitable" used in this invention refer to embodiments of the invention that provide certain beneficial effects under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the description of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are unavailable, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of this invention.

[0031] It should be understood that, except in any operational instance or otherwise indicated, the amounts or all figures representing ingredients used, for example, in the specification and claims, should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximate values ​​varying according to the desired performance to be obtained according to the invention.

[0032] In the examples and comparative examples, the following raw materials will be used: Poly(benzodifurandione), HP-H10, purchased from Poly-Rong Optoelectronics (Guangzhou) New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] Petroleum ether, HC09-AR, purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory.

[0034] Polymethylhydrosiloxane, P742455, purchased from Aladdin.

[0035] Allyl polyether, APEG-580, was purchased from Liaoning Kelong Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0036] The chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution was obtained by mixing 5.18 g of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate with 100 mL of isopropanol.

[0037] The surfactant, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups, is prepared as follows: S1. Using 50 mL of acetone as solvent, 2.61 g of 4-(diphenylamino)phenol and 1.45 g of bromopropene were mixed, and 2.76 g of potassium carbonate and 50 mg of potassium iodide were added. The mixture was refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate were mixed at a mass ratio of 20:1 as eluent. The filtrate was purified by column chromatography and dried in a vacuum oven at 45 °C for 12 h to obtain 4-allyloxytriphenylamine.

[0038] S2. Under nitrogen protection, using 50 mL of anhydrous toluene as solvent, 10.0 g of polymethylhydrosiloxane, 2.8 g of allyl polyether, and 1.4 g of 4-allyloxytriphenylamine were mixed, heated to 80 °C, and 12 μL of isopropanol chloroplatinate solution was added dropwise. The reaction was carried out for 10 h, toluene was removed, and the mixture was purified by column chromatography to obtain polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups.

[0039] ITO conductive glass, 10 ohm / sq, 50*50*1.1 mm, purchased from Foshan Yuanjingmei Glass Co., Ltd.

[0040] Tackifier, polymethyl methacrylate microspheres, 20201245751255, purchased from Taicang Kaida Plastic Raw Materials Co., Ltd.

[0041] Solvent, propylene carbonate, P105723, purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0042] Electrolyte, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, W830100, was purchased from Anhui Zesheng Technology Co., Ltd.

[0043] The polymer monomer, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700, P816111, was purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0044] Photoinitiator, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone, BD22472, was purchased from Shanghai Bid Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0045] Polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, BYK-333, was purchased from Dongyang Chemical (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.

[0046] In the embodiments of this invention, "parts" refers to parts by mass.

[0047] Example 1 A single-component black electrochromic device, comprising, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass.

[0048] The method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device includes the following steps: S1. 99.8 parts of poly(benzodifurandione) and 0.2 parts of surfactant were mixed to prepare a poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution. The first ITO conductive glass was cleaned, and the ITO conductive side was fixed on the coating machine with the ITO conductive side facing up. The poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution was coated on the ITO conductive side at a scraping speed of 1.5 m / min. The wet film thickness was controlled to be 200 μm. Then it was placed in an oven at 80℃ and dried for 2 h to obtain a black electrochromic layer. S2. Mix 15 parts of thickener with 46 parts of solvent, dissolve by ultrasonication, then add 3 parts of electrolyte and 35 parts of polymer monomer in sequence, stir to dissolve, and finally add 1 part of photoinitiator and stir thoroughly to obtain electrolyte mixed solution. S3. Electrode tabs are constructed on one side of the black electrochromic layer and the other side of the second ITO conductive glass, respectively. The distance between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is controlled to be 50 μm using polyimide tape. An electrolyte mixture is injected into the mixture, and the power is 80 W / cm². 2 A single-component black electrochromic device was obtained by curing it under a UV lamp for 30 seconds.

[0049] Figure 1 The product appearance of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 is shown.

[0050] Example 2 A single-component black electrochromic device, comprising, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass.

[0051] The method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device includes the following steps: S1. 99 parts of poly(benzodifurandione) and 1 part of surfactant were mixed to prepare a poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution. The first ITO conductive glass was cleaned, and the ITO conductive side was fixed on the coating machine with the ITO conductive side facing up. The poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution was coated on the ITO conductive side at a scraping speed of 1.5 m / min. The wet film thickness was controlled to be 200 μm. Then it was placed in an oven at 80℃ and dried for 2 h to obtain a black electrochromic layer. S2. Mix 12 parts of thickener with 43 parts of solvent, dissolve by ultrasonication, then add 2 parts of electrolyte and 42 parts of polymer monomer in sequence, stir to dissolve, and finally add 1 part of photoinitiator and stir thoroughly to obtain electrolyte mixed solution. S3. Electrode tabs are constructed on one side of the black electrochromic layer and the other side of the second ITO conductive glass, respectively. The distance between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is controlled to be 50 μm using polyimide tape. An electrolyte mixture is injected into the mixture, and the power is 80 W / cm². 2 A single-component black electrochromic device was obtained by curing it under a UV lamp for 30 seconds.

[0052] Example 3 A single-component black electrochromic device, comprising, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass.

[0053] The method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device includes the following steps: S1. 98 parts of poly(benzodifurandione) and 2 parts of surfactant were mixed to prepare a poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution. The first ITO conductive glass was cleaned, and the ITO conductive side was fixed on the coating machine with the ITO conductive side facing up. The poly(benzodifurandione) coating solution was coated on the ITO conductive side at a scraping speed of 1.5 m / min. The wet film thickness was controlled to be 200 μm. Then it was placed in an oven at 80℃ and dried for 2 h to obtain a black electrochromic layer. S2. Mix 10 parts of thickener with 46 parts of solvent, dissolve by ultrasonication, then add 2 parts of electrolyte and 41 parts of polymer monomer in sequence, stir to dissolve, and finally add 1 part of photoinitiator and stir thoroughly to obtain electrolyte mixed solution. S3. Electrode tabs are constructed on one side of the black electrochromic layer and the other side of the second ITO conductive glass, respectively. The distance between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is controlled to be 50 μm using polyimide tape. An electrolyte mixture is injected into the mixture, and the power is 80 W / cm². 2 A single-component black electrochromic device was obtained by curing it under a UV lamp for 30 seconds.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the surfactant is replaced with an equal mass of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane BYK-333, while the other steps and dosages are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Test case The performance of the single-component black electrochromic devices prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was tested.

[0056] Testing instruments: Ultraviolet-Vis spectrometer, P6 model, Shanghai Meipuda Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0057] Optical transmittance meter, LS108H, Shenzhen Linshang Technology Co., Ltd.

[0058] Electrochromic device cycle tester, KV-EC-7500, Zhuhai Kaiwei Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0059] Programmable linear DC regulated power supply, GPD-3303S, GW Instek (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.

[0060] Test method: The transmittance change and cycle stability of the device under applied and removed voltage conditions were tested using a UV-Vis spectrometer and a transmittance meter, specifically including the following steps: Using a programmable linear DC regulated power supply as the external power source, the positive and negative terminals were connected to the electrode tabs of the second and first conductive glass, respectively. The parameters of the UV-Vis spectrometer were adjusted as follows: photometric mode was set to transmittance, wavelength range was 190-1100 nm, and scan interval was 1 nm. First, the UV-Vis spectrum at 0 V was measured under power-off conditions. Then, a voltage of 1.5 V was applied, and after 30 s of continuous power-on, the UV-Vis spectrum at 1.5 V was acquired. The transmittance at 550 nm was selected as the transmittance characterization of the electrochromic device in both colored and faded states. Using an electrochromic device cycle tester as the external power source, the positive and negative terminals were connected to the electrode tabs of the second and first conductive glasses, respectively. The applied voltages were set to 1.5 V and 0 V, with a cycle count of 1000. The duration at 1.5 V was 15 s, and the duration at 0 V was 30 s. Optical transmittance was recorded using an optical transmittance meter at both 1.5 V and 0 V voltages.

[0061] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Performance Test Results Figure 2 Cyclic data for the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 are shown. Figure 3 The ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectra of the single-component black electrochromic devices prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown under power-off and 1.5 V applied voltage conditions; wherein: Figure 3 (a) shows the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrum of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1 under power-off and 1.5 V applied voltage; Figure 3(b) shows the UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Comparative Example 1 under power-off and 1.5 V applied voltage. Figure 2 It can be seen that the device can stably cycle approximately 1000 times, demonstrating good cycle stability. From... Figure 3 (a) It can be seen that when a voltage is applied to the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Example 1, the device transmittance can be increased to a maximum of 15.8%, exhibiting a transparent state; after the voltage is removed, the device transmittance returns to the initial value of 3.1%, reverting to a black state. In Comparative Example 1, the surfactant was replaced with an equal mass of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane. Figure 3 (b) It can be seen that the electrochromic ability of the single-component black electrochromic device prepared in Comparative Example 1 is greatly reduced.

[0063] As shown in Table 1, the synergistic effect of poly(benzodifurandione) and aromatic polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane is excellent, which can significantly improve the electrochromic ability of the present invention and is of great significance for optimizing the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. In Comparative Example 1, the surfactant was replaced with an equal mass of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane. The surfactant has no aromatic groups and cannot form an effective π-π stack with poly(benzodifurandione). The dispersibility and molecular structure regulation effect are insufficient, resulting in a significant deterioration in the color-changing ability and cycle stability.

[0064] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0065] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A single-component black electrochromic device, characterized in that, The single-component black electrochromic device comprises, from top to bottom: a first ITO conductive glass, a single-component black electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second ITO conductive glass. The single-component black electrochromic layer comprises an electrochromic material and a surfactant, wherein the electrochromic material is poly(benzodifurandione), with the following structural formula: The surfactant is a polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups.

2. The single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the aromatic polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane includes the following steps: S1. 4-(diphenylamino)phenol, bromopropene, potassium carbonate, and potassium iodide are mixed, heated and reacted, and purified to obtain 4-allyloxytriphenylamine. S2. Under inert gas protection, the 4-allyloxytriphenylamine, polymethylhydrosiloxane, allyl polyether, and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate are mixed, heated and reacted, and purified to obtain polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane containing aromatic groups.

3. The single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of 4-(diphenylamino)phenol, bromopropylene, potassium carbonate, and potassium iodide is (20-100):(20-60):(20-100):

1.

4. The single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the heating temperature is 70-90℃.

5. The single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the mass ratio of 4-allyloxytriphenylamine, polymethylhydrosiloxane, allyl polyether, and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is (1-10):(30-70):(10-20):(0.001-0.005).

6. The single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolyte layer includes an electrolyte, a polymer monomer, a photoinitiator, a solvent, and a thickener; The electrolyte is selected from one or more of lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. The polymer monomer is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methyl methacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate.

7. The method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method for preparing the single-component black electrochromic device includes the following steps: S1. The black electrochromic material is blended with a surfactant, coated on the surface of the first ITO conductive glass, and dried by heating to obtain a black electrochromic layer. S2. Electrolyte mixture is prepared by blending electrolyte, polymer monomer, photoinitiator, solvent and thickener; S3. The spacing between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass is controlled by polyimide tape. An electrolyte mixture solution is injected between the black electrochromic layer and the second ITO conductive glass and cured under ultraviolet light to obtain a single-component black electrochromic device.

8. The method for preparing a single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of the black electrochromic material to the surfactant is (90-99.9):(0.1-10).

9. The method for preparing a single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the thickness of the black electrochromic layer is 50-250 μm.

10. The method for preparing a single-component black electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the mass ratio of the electrolyte, polymer monomer, photoinitiator, solvent, and thickener is (1-3):(35-42):(1-8):(40-46):(10-15).

Images