Self-adaptive air duct radiator based on shape memory alloy

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat dissipation, in particular to a shape memory alloy-based self-adaptive air duct radiator, which comprises a radiator main body, at least one fan, at least one self-adaptive air guide mechanism and at least one shape memory alloy driving unit, and the shape memory alloy driving unit is made of an alloy material with a thermally induced shape memory effect, a first end of the shape memory alloy driving unit is fixedly connected to a temperature response part of the radiator main body, and a second end of the shape memory alloy driving unit is in transmission connection with the self-adaptive air guide mechanism. When the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds the preset phase change triggering temperature, the shape memory alloy driving unit generates preset deformation from a first shape to a second shape, and drives the self-adaptive air guide mechanism to move from a first position to a second position in the air duct through driving force generated by the deformation; therefore, the local geometrical shape and the airflow guiding direction of the air duct are changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology, and in particular to an adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy. Background Technology

[0002] In current technologies, the performance of core processors (CPUs, GPUs, etc.) in computers, servers, and other electronic devices is constantly improving, leading to increased power consumption and heat generation, posing a severe challenge to heat dissipation systems. Traditional air-cooled heat sinks typically use fixed heat sink fins to form a static airflow channel, coupled with fans whose speed is constant or adjusted via PWM signals for forced convection cooling. This cooling solution has significant limitations: its heat dissipation capacity remains essentially constant at a given fan speed, and the airflow structure cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time changes in power consumption and temperature of the heat source. To cope with potential instantaneous high loads and temperature rises, the cooling system often needs to be designed according to the worst-case operating conditions, resulting in fans maintaining high speeds for extended periods or frequently. This not only generates continuous aerodynamic noise, affecting user experience, but also increases the overall energy consumption of the system. Furthermore, the fixed airflow structure makes it difficult to optimize for uneven heat flux density on the chip surface, potentially leading to insufficient heat dissipation in some high-heat areas. While some technologies exist that use additional electronically controlled components (such as micromotors and electromagnets) to drive movable air guides, these solutions introduce complex circuitry, control modules, and moving parts, increasing system cost, failure rate, and electromagnetic interference risks. Furthermore, their active control logic still relies on external sensors and power supplies, resulting in shortcomings in reliability and integration. Therefore, the industry urgently needs a high-efficiency heat dissipation solution that is simple in structure, responds directly, and can adaptively adjust the airflow based on temperature without requiring complex external control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an adaptive airflow radiator based on shape memory alloy, which provides a sliding support frame extending along the roller axis on the support base and a matching sliding groove on the sliding connecting frame of the roller assembly, so that the entire roller assembly can be slidably pulled out or pushed in along the axial direction like a drawer.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an adaptive airflow radiator based on shape memory alloy, comprising a radiator body, at least one fan, at least one adaptive airflow guiding mechanism, and at least one shape memory alloy driving unit; the radiator body includes a heat-conducting base for contacting a heat source, multiple heat pipes thermally connected to the heat-conducting base, and a heat dissipation fin assembly thermally connected to the heat pipes, the heat dissipation fin assembly forming an airflow duct for airflow to pass through; the fan is disposed on one side of the heat dissipation fin assembly for forced airflow into the airflow duct; the adaptive airflow guiding mechanism is movably disposed within the airflow duct; The shape memory alloy drive unit is made of an alloy material with thermally induced shape memory effect. Its first end is fixedly connected to a temperature-responsive part of the heat sink body, and its second end is connected to the adaptive air guide mechanism. The shape memory alloy driving unit is configured such that when the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds its preset phase change trigger temperature, the shape memory alloy driving unit undergoes a predetermined deformation from a first shape to a second shape, and drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to move from a first position to a second position in the air duct through the driving force generated by the deformation, thereby changing the local geometry of the air duct and the airflow direction.

[0005] A further improvement to the above solution is that the adaptive air guiding mechanism includes an air guide plate, a rotating shaft, and a transmission arm; The air guide plate is rotatably connected between adjacent fixed fins in the heat dissipation fin assembly via the rotating shaft. One end of the transmission arm is fixedly connected to the air guide plate or the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the second end of the shape memory alloy driving unit; The deformation of the shape memory alloy drive unit is converted into the rotational motion of the air guide plate around the rotating shaft through the transmission arm.

[0006] A further improvement to the above solution is that when the temperature of the temperature response part is lower than the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate is in the first position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate and the mainstream direction of the fan airflow is less than 30 degrees, and it is in a downstream state. When the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate moves to the second position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate and the mainstream airflow direction of the fan is between 45 degrees and 90 degrees, which is in a turbulent or guiding state.

[0007] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the shape memory alloy driving unit is a shape memory alloy spring or a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam; When it is a shape memory alloy spring, its first end is fixed to the heat-conducting base or the first-stage fin adjacent to the heat-conducting base, and the second end is connected to the adaptive air guiding mechanism through a pull wire or connecting rod. When the temperature rises, the spring contracts to generate tension. When it is a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam, its first end is rigidly fixed to a specific fin in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group, and the second end is in a free state and directly abuts or connects to the adaptive air guiding mechanism. When the temperature rises, the sheet bends to one side and generates displacement.

[0008] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the temperature response location is one of the following positions or a combination thereof: a) The heat-conducting base; b) The row of heat dissipation fins closest to the CPU heat source is defined as the near-heat source fin area; c) At least one row of heat dissipation fins located in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group or downstream of the airflow is defined as the temperature monitoring fin area; The phase transition triggering temperature of the shape memory alloy driving unit arranged in the near-heat source fin area is higher than that of the shape memory alloy driving unit arranged in the temperature monitoring fin area.

[0009] A further improvement to the above solution is that the heat dissipation fin assembly is divided into at least two regions along the airflow direction and / or the vertical direction: a fixed airflow area and an adaptive variable airflow area. The adaptive air guiding mechanism and the shape memory alloy driving unit are integrated and disposed within the adaptive variable air duct area; No movable air guiding structures are installed in the fixed air duct area.

[0010] A further improvement to the above solution is that it also includes an elastic reset element; One end of the elastic reset element is fixed, and the other end is connected to the adaptive air guide mechanism. The direction of the elastic restoring force it provides is opposite to the direction in which the shape memory alloy driving unit drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to move at high temperature. When the temperature of the temperature response part drops below the phase change trigger temperature, the driving force of the shape memory alloy driving unit weakens or disappears, and the elastic reset element drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to return from the second position to the first position.

[0011] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the transmission arm is a lever structure, which includes a fulcrum, a power arm, and a resistance arm; The fulcrum is fixed to the heat dissipation fins or the heat sink frame; The shape memory alloy drive unit is connected to the power arm; The resistance arm is connected to the air guide plate or the rotating shaft; The length of the power arm is greater than the length of the resistance arm, so as to amplify the small displacement generated by the shape memory alloy drive unit into a larger rotation angle of the air guide plate.

[0012] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the material of the shape memory alloy driving unit is a nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy, and its austenitic phase transformation end temperature is set between 45°C and 75°C to adapt to the operating temperature range of the CPU heat sink.

[0013] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the number of the adaptive air guiding mechanism and the shape memory alloy driving unit are both multiple, and they are distributed in an array at different positions of the heat dissipation fin group. Among them, at least the phase change trigger temperature of the first group of driving units is different from that of the second group of driving units, so that the heat sink can adjust the airflow pattern in stages and regions according to different temperature thresholds.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Compared to existing conveyor roller assemblies, this invention enables rapid and convenient installation, adjustment, and disassembly of the conveyor roller assembly, improving equipment maintenance efficiency and operational reliability. This invention decomposes the support frame into two main modules: a fixed support base and a movable roller assembly. By setting a sliding support frame extending along the roller's axial direction on the support base and a matching sliding groove on the sliding connecting frame of the roller assembly, the entire roller assembly can be slidably pulled out or pushed in axially like a drawer. This changes the traditional maintenance method of requiring individual bolt removal or complex hoisting of rollers, achieving rapid, integrated assembly and disassembly of the roller assembly. During maintenance or replacement, operators only need to loosen the fixing elements to pull the entire functional unit, including the drive roller group, out from the side of the production line, greatly simplifying the operation process and shortening equipment downtime. It is particularly suitable for conveyor lines with limited space or requiring frequent maintenance. The sliding fit structure of the sliding support frame and the sliding connecting frame, along with the sliding guide structure, ensures that the roller assembly automatically aligns with its axial position during installation and reset, guaranteeing the parallelism between multiple rollers and the flatness of the entire conveyor surface. The reinforcing fixing block in the support base is fixedly connected to the sliding support frame, enhancing the rigidity and stability of the sliding support frame itself. This allows it to withstand the continuous load and vibration from the idler assembly and the conveyed materials, preventing deformation of the support guide rail due to long-term use, thus ensuring the long-term reliability and smoothness of the sliding telescopic function. The detachable connection method of the fixing elements provides a secure lock, ensuring absolute stability of the idler assembly during operation, while maintaining ease of maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adaptive airflow radiator of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the adaptive airflow radiator from another perspective; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the adaptive airflow radiator; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working state of the adaptive airflow guiding mechanism of the adaptive airflow duct radiator.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Heat sink body; 11. Heat conduction base; 12. Heat pipe; 13. Heat dissipation fin assembly; 14. Air duct; 2. Fan; 3. Adaptive air guiding mechanism; 31. Air guide plate; 32. Rotating shaft; 33. Transmission arm; 33. Fusel point; 331. Power arm; 332. Resistance arm; 333. Shape memory alloy drive unit; 4. Elastic reset element; 5. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0018] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0020] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, an adaptive airflow radiator based on shape memory alloy is disclosed, comprising a radiator body 1, at least one fan 2, at least one adaptive airflow guiding mechanism 3, and at least one shape memory alloy driving unit 4; the radiator body 1 includes a heat-conducting base 11 for contacting a heat source, multiple heat pipes 12 thermally connected to the heat-conducting base 11, and a heat dissipation fin assembly 13 thermally connected to the heat pipes 12, the heat dissipation fin assembly 13 forming an airflow duct 14 through which airflow passes; the fan 2 is disposed on one side of the heat dissipation fin assembly 13 for forcibly delivering airflow to the airflow duct 14; the adaptive airflow guiding mechanism 3 is movably disposed within the airflow duct 14; The shape memory alloy driving unit 4 is made of an alloy material with thermally induced shape memory effect. Its first end is fixedly connected to a temperature-responsive part of the heat sink body 1, and its second end is drivenly connected to the adaptive air guiding mechanism 3. The shape memory alloy driving unit 4 is configured such that when the temperature of the temperature-responsive part reaches or exceeds its preset phase change trigger temperature, the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 undergoes a predetermined deformation from a first shape to a second shape, and drives the adaptive air guiding mechanism 3 to move from a first position to a second position in the air duct 14 through the driving force generated by the deformation, thereby changing the local geometry and airflow direction of the air duct 14.

[0021] This embodiment achieves automatic and passive active adjustment of the heat sink air duct 14 structure through the shape memory alloy driving unit 4. Traditional heat sinks have a fixed air duct 14 structure, and their heat dissipation capacity remains essentially constant at a specific fan speed, making dynamic adjustment impossible based on real-time power consumption and temperature rise of the heat source. In this embodiment, one end of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 is fixed to a temperature-responsive part of the heat sink body 1 (such as a key temperature measurement point on the heat-conducting base 11 or heat pipe 12). When the heat source power increases, causing the temperature of this part to rise and reach the alloy's preset phase change trigger temperature, the driving unit undergoes a precise and reversible predetermined deformation from a first shape to a second shape. This deformation is directly converted into mechanical driving force, driving the adaptive airflow guiding mechanism 3 to move from a first position to a second position within the air duct 14. This movement substantially alters the local geometry, cross-sectional area, or airflow guiding angle of the air duct 14. For example, at low temperatures, the airflow guiding mechanism can keep the air duct 14 unobstructed to reduce wind resistance and noise; at high temperatures, it can deform to guide more airflow to concentrate and impact high-heat-density areas, or change the vortex structure to enhance turbulence and improve heat exchange efficiency. Because its heat dissipation performance can be adaptively enhanced, the reliance on the continuous high speed of fan 2 can be reduced while meeting the same heat dissipation requirements. Fan 2 does not need to maintain its highest speed for extended periods to cope with potential peak loads, thereby reducing the system's average power consumption and aerodynamic noise. The shape memory alloy driving process is quiet and produces no additional electromagnetic noise, further optimizing the user experience. The shape memory alloy driving unit 4 itself has a simple structure with no complex moving parts, directly converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, making the driving mechanism direct and efficient. The entire adaptive adjustment system is integrated inside the heat sink body, eliminating the need for complex external circuits and control modules, saving space and reducing the risk of heat dissipation failure due to electronic control unit malfunctions. Shape memory alloy materials have the characteristics of long fatigue life and good action consistency, ensuring the long-term reliability of the adaptive function throughout the long service life of the equipment. This embodiment uses the thermal deformation characteristics of shape memory alloys to directly convert temperature signals into structural adjustment actions of the air duct 14, balancing the contradiction between heat dissipation performance, energy consumption, and noise. While improving heat dissipation efficiency and reliability, it achieves energy saving and noise reduction, demonstrating outstanding technological advancement and broad application prospects.

[0022] The adaptive airflow mechanism 3 includes an airflow guide plate 31, a rotating shaft 32, and a transmission arm 33. The airflow guide plate 31 is rotatably connected between adjacent fixed fins in the heat dissipation fin assembly 13 via the rotating shaft 32. One end of the transmission arm 33 is fixedly connected to the airflow guide plate 31 or the rotating shaft 32, and the other end is connected to the second end of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4. The deformation of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 is converted into the rotational motion of the airflow guide plate 31 around the rotating shaft 32 via the transmission arm 33.

[0023] In this embodiment, the air guide plate 31 is designed as a movable component that can rotate around the rotating shaft 32, and the transmission arm 33 is used as a bridge to connect the shape memory alloy drive unit 4, realizing a direct and low-loss conversion of heat energy → deformation → rotational motion. The rotational motion mode is particularly suitable for implementation in dense heat sink fin arrays, resulting in a compact structure that does not occupy additional space in the air duct 14. The leverage effect of the transmission arm 33 can effectively amplify the small linear or bending deformation of the drive unit into a sufficiently large rotation angle for the air guide plate 31, ensuring effective airflow guidance. Simultaneously, the connection method of the rotating shaft 32 results in low friction and precise motion trajectory, ensuring smooth switching and repeatability of the air guide plate 31 between different positions, making the entire adaptive adjustment process stable and reliable.

[0024] When the temperature of the temperature response part is lower than the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate 31 is in the first position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate 31 and the mainstream direction of the air blown by the fan 2 is less than 30 degrees, and it is in a downstream state. When the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate 31 moves to the second position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate 31 and the mainstream airflow direction of the fan 2 is between 45 degrees and 90 degrees, and it is in a state of turbulence or flow guidance.

[0025] This embodiment implements two different airflow modes to precisely match different heat dissipation requirements. At low temperatures or low loads, the air guide plate 31 is in a downstream state (angle <30°), minimizing obstruction and interference with airflow, and reducing the resistance of the air duct 14 to a minimum. This allows the fan 2 to push a larger airflow at the same speed, or to operate at a lower speed while meeting heat dissipation requirements, reducing system noise and fan 2 energy consumption, and optimizing user experience and energy efficiency under normal conditions. When the temperature rises and triggers deformation, the air guide plate 31 rotates to a large-angle (45°-90°) turbulent or guiding state. In this state, the air guide plate 31 can forcibly change the local airflow path, guiding cold air to more concentratedly impact the high-temperature fin area, or creating turbulence to disrupt the thermal boundary layer, significantly enhancing the local convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0026] The shape memory alloy drive unit 4 is a shape memory alloy spring or a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam.

[0027] When it is a shape memory alloy spring, its first end is fixed to the heat-conducting base 11 or the first-stage fin adjacent to the heat-conducting base 11, and the second end is connected to the adaptive air guiding mechanism 3 through a pull wire or connecting rod. When the temperature rises, the spring contracts to generate tension. When it is a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam, its first end is rigidly fixed to a specific fin in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group 13, and the second end is in a free state and directly abuts or connects to the adaptive air guiding mechanism 3. When the temperature rises, the sheet bends to one side and generates displacement.

[0028] This embodiment expands design flexibility and can adapt to different installation spaces and driving force requirements. Shape memory alloy springs are characterized by high output force and relatively long stroke. Arranging them on the heat-conducting base 11 or near the heat source allows for direct sensing of the temperature of the hottest source, resulting in rapid response. The direct tension generated by their contraction can reliably drive a distant or force-requiring airflow guide mechanism via a pull wire or connecting rod. Meanwhile, the shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam has the advantages of extremely simple and compact structure and sensitive response. It can be directly integrated between the heat sink fins, utilizing the bending displacement of its free end to directly drive the airflow guide plate 31, eliminating intermediate transmission components, reducing mechanical losses and potential failure points, and making it ideal for multi-point, distributed drive in space-constrained, densely packed fin assemblies.

[0029] The temperature response location is one of the following locations or a combination thereof: a) The heat-conducting base 11; b) The at least one row of heat dissipation fins closest to the CPU heat source is defined as the near-heat source fin area; c) At least one row of heat dissipation fins located in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group 13 or downstream of the airflow is defined as the temperature monitoring fin area; The phase transition triggering temperature of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 arranged in the near-heat source fin area is higher than that of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 arranged in the temperature monitoring fin area.

[0030] This embodiment achieves gradient response and proactive adjustment in accordance with thermal flow dynamics. Arranging the drive units in different locations is equivalent to setting up multiple "temperature sensors" along the heat dissipation path. Units located on the heat-conducting base 11 or near the heat source fin area can sense changes in heat source temperature most quickly and directly, achieving rapid response. Units located downstream or in the middle monitoring area of ​​the airflow reflect the overall heat load and heat dissipation effect of the radiator more effectively, and can be used to trigger more global adjustments to the airflow duct 14. Crucially, setting different phase change trigger temperatures for drive units in different locations (higher near the heat source) creates a phased response logic. For example, the monitoring area downstream of the airflow reaches the trigger temperature first, initiating preliminary adjustments (e.g., adjusting the airflow angle). If the heat dissipation demand is still not met, heat accumulation causes the temperature near the heat source area to rise further, reaching a higher trigger threshold, triggering further aggressive adjustments (e.g., completely changing the direction of the airflow duct 14).

[0031] The heat dissipation fin assembly 13 is divided into at least two regions along the airflow direction and / or vertical direction: a fixed airflow channel 14 region and an adaptive variable airflow channel 14 region; The adaptive air guiding mechanism 3 and the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 are integrated and disposed in the adaptive variable air duct 14 zone; No movable air guiding structure is installed in the fixed air duct zone 14.

[0032] This embodiment achieves adaptive optimization of core heat dissipation performance while simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and improving basic reliability. By dividing the heat dissipation fin assembly 13 into a fixed airflow channel 14 and an adaptive variable airflow channel 14, targeted optimization can be achieved. The fixed airflow channel 14 (typically located away from the heat source or at the airflow inlet) maintains a traditional, proven, and efficient fin arrangement, providing stable and reliable basic heat dissipation capabilities, and simplifying the structure of this area, reducing manufacturing costs and potential mechanical failure risks. The adaptive variable airflow channel 14 is placed in critical areas where heat load is most concentrated or where airflow organization is most sensitive (such as near heat sources or airflow dead zones). Integrating the drive unit and movable airflow mechanism only in this area allows for concentrated resources, achieving the most precise and effective dynamic control of the heat dissipation bottleneck area.

[0033] It also includes an elastic reset element 5; One end of the elastic reset element 5 is fixed, and the other end is connected to the adaptive air guide mechanism 3. The direction of the elastic restoring force it provides is opposite to the direction in which the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 drives the adaptive air guide mechanism 3 to move at high temperature. When the temperature of the temperature response part drops below the phase change trigger temperature, the driving force of the shape memory alloy driving unit 4 weakens or disappears, and the elastic reset element 5 drives the adaptive air guide mechanism 3 to return from the second position to the first position.

[0034] This embodiment ensures the complete reversibility of the adaptive adjustment process, rapid reset capability, and system reliability. Shape memory alloys deform upon heating, but their recovery force may be weak or unstable during cooling, especially for some complex-shaped shape memory alloy components. By adding an elastic reset element 5 (such as a tension or torsion spring) to counteract the high-temperature driving direction, a stable recovery mechanism is provided for the system. When the heat load decreases and the temperature drops, the driving force of the shape memory alloy weakens, and the stored energy of the elastic reset element 5 is released, actively and quickly pulling or pushing the air guide mechanism back to its initial first position, ensuring that the radiator can immediately return to its normal low-resistance, low-noise mode.

[0035] The transmission arm 33 is a lever structure, which includes a fulcrum 331, a power arm 332 and a resistance arm 333; The fulcrum 331 is fixed to the heat dissipation fins or the heat sink frame; The shape memory alloy drive unit 4 is connected to the power arm 332; The resistance arm 333 is connected to the air guide plate 31 or the rotating shaft 32; The length of the power arm 332 is greater than the length of the resistance arm 333, so as to amplify the small displacement generated by the shape memory alloy drive unit 4 into a larger rotation angle of the air guide plate 31.

[0036] This embodiment amplifies the mechanical output of the drive unit, overcoming the physical limitation of the limited deformation of shape memory alloy materials. The absolute displacement or length change produced by shape memory alloys (especially thin sheets or wires) during phase transitions is typically small (within a few percent). By designing a lever structure where the power arm 332 is longer than the resistance arm 333, the small linear displacement generated by the drive unit at the end of the power arm 332 can be converted into a larger linear displacement or rotation angle at the end of the resistance arm 333 (connected to the air guide plate 31). This displacement amplification effect means that even if the deformation of the drive unit itself is small, it is sufficient to drive the air guide plate 31 to complete the large-angle rotation required to transition from a downstream state to a turbulent / guided state. This reduces the requirements for the large strain performance of the shape memory alloy material, broadens the range of material choices, and makes the design of the entire drive mechanism more flexible and efficient.

[0037] The shape memory alloy drive unit 4 is made of nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy, and its austenitic phase transformation end temperature is set between 45°C and 75°C to adapt to the operating temperature range of the CPU heatsink.

[0038] This embodiment ensures the efficiency, reliability, and safety of the adaptive function in typical application scenarios. Nickel-titanium based shape memory alloys are currently the most mature and widely used shape memory materials, possessing excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity, good fatigue life, and biocompatibility, guaranteeing the stability and durability of the drive unit during long-term operation. The key is setting the austenitic phase transformation end temperature within a specific range of 45°C to 75°C, precisely matching the operating temperature of the computer CPU heatsink. This temperature range is far below the material's damage temperature, ensuring safety during cyclic use; simultaneously, it is higher than the typical temperature of the device during idle or low load (usually below 40-50°C), avoiding unnecessary frequent triggering. When the CPU core temperature enters the 60-80°C or even higher operating range due to increased load, the drive unit can be reliably triggered, thereby activating the heat dissipation enhancement mode.

[0039] There are multiple adaptive air guiding mechanisms 3 and shape memory alloy driving units 4, which are distributed in an array at different positions of the heat dissipation fin group 13. Among them, at least the phase change trigger temperature of the first group of driving units is different from that of the second group of driving units, so that the heat sink can adjust the air duct 14 shape in stages and regions according to different temperature thresholds.

[0040] This embodiment achieves refined and progressive collaborative control of complex temperature and airflow fields. Multiple air-guiding mechanisms and drive units are arrayed within the fin group, essentially deploying multiple independent "miniature intelligent actuators" inside the heatsink. Each unit can independently sense the local temperature at its location and make corresponding adjustments to the local airflow 14. Distributed control allows the heatsink to precisely enhance localized cooling for uneven heat loads in different areas (e.g., the CPU core area is hotter), rather than making a one-size-fits-all adjustment to the entire airflow 14. More importantly, by setting different phase-change trigger temperatures for different groups of drive units, a phased and layered cooling strategy can be implemented. For example, under light loads, only a few low-threshold units are triggered for fine-tuning; as the load and temperature increase further, more high-threshold units are activated sequentially, gradually introducing more significant airflow or turbulence structures. This progressive adaptive process makes the improvement in cooling capacity more closely matched to the increase in heat load.

[0041] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy, characterized in that, include: The radiator body includes a heat-conducting base for contacting a heat source, multiple heat pipes thermally connected to the heat-conducting base, and a heat dissipation fin assembly thermally connected to the heat pipes, wherein the heat dissipation fin assembly forms an air duct through which airflow passes. At least one fan is disposed on one side of the heat sink fin assembly for forcibly delivering airflow into the air duct; At least one adaptive air guide mechanism is movably disposed within the air duct; And at least one shape memory alloy driving unit; The shape memory alloy drive unit is made of an alloy material with thermally induced shape memory effect. Its first end is fixedly connected to a temperature-responsive part of the heat sink body, and its second end is connected to the adaptive air guide mechanism. The shape memory alloy driving unit is configured such that when the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds its preset phase change trigger temperature, the shape memory alloy driving unit undergoes a predetermined deformation from a first shape to a second shape, and drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to move from a first position to a second position in the air duct through the driving force generated by the deformation, thereby changing the local geometry of the air duct and the airflow direction.

2. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive air guiding mechanism includes an air guide plate, a rotating shaft, and a transmission arm; The air guide plate is rotatably connected between adjacent fixed fins in the heat dissipation fin assembly via the rotating shaft. One end of the transmission arm is fixedly connected to the air guide plate or the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the second end of the shape memory alloy driving unit; The deformation of the shape memory alloy drive unit is converted into the rotational motion of the air guide plate around the rotating shaft through the transmission arm.

3. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the temperature of the temperature response part is lower than the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate is in the first position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate and the mainstream direction of the fan airflow is less than 30 degrees, and it is in a downstream state. When the temperature of the temperature response part reaches or exceeds the phase change trigger temperature, the air guide plate moves to the second position. At this time, the angle between the extension direction of the air guide plate and the mainstream airflow direction of the fan is between 45 degrees and 90 degrees, which is in a turbulent or guiding state.

4. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy driving unit is a shape memory alloy spring or a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam. When it is a shape memory alloy spring, its first end is fixed to the heat-conducting base or the first-stage fin adjacent to the heat-conducting base, and the second end is connected to the adaptive air guiding mechanism through a pull wire or connecting rod. When the temperature rises, the spring contracts to generate tension. When it is a shape memory alloy sheet cantilever beam, its first end is rigidly fixed to a specific fin in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group, and the second end is in a free state and directly abuts or connects to the adaptive air guiding mechanism. When the temperature rises, the sheet bends to one side and generates displacement.

5. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature response region is one or a combination of the following locations: a) The heat-conducting base; b) The at least one row of heat dissipation fins closest to the CPU heat source is defined as the near-heat source fin area; c) At least one row of heat dissipation fins located in the middle of the heat dissipation fin group or downstream of the airflow is defined as the temperature monitoring fin area; The phase transition triggering temperature of the shape memory alloy driving unit arranged in the near-heat source fin area is higher than that of the shape memory alloy driving unit arranged in the temperature monitoring fin area.

6. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation fin assembly is divided into at least two regions along the airflow direction and / or vertical direction: a fixed airflow area and an adaptive variable airflow area; The adaptive air guiding mechanism and the shape memory alloy driving unit are integrated and disposed in the adaptive variable air duct area; No movable air guiding structures are installed in the fixed air duct area.

7. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a resilient reset element; One end of the elastic reset element is fixed, and the other end is connected to the adaptive air guide mechanism. The direction of the elastic restoring force it provides is opposite to the direction in which the shape memory alloy driving unit drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to move at high temperature. When the temperature of the temperature response part drops below the phase change trigger temperature, the driving force of the shape memory alloy driving unit weakens or disappears, and the elastic reset element drives the adaptive air guide mechanism to return from the second position to the first position.

8. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission arm is a lever structure, which includes a fulcrum, a power arm, and a resistance arm; The fulcrum is fixed to the heat dissipation fins or the heat sink frame; The shape memory alloy drive unit is connected to the power arm; The resistance arm is connected to the air guide plate or the rotating shaft; The length of the power arm is greater than the length of the resistance arm, so as to amplify the small displacement generated by the shape memory alloy drive unit into a larger rotation angle of the air guide plate.

9. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy drive unit is made of nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy, and its austenitic phase transformation end temperature is set between 45°C and 75°C to adapt to the operating temperature range of the CPU heatsink.

10. The adaptive airflow heat sink based on shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive air guiding mechanism and the shape memory alloy driving unit are both multiple, and they are distributed in an array at different positions of the heat dissipation fin group. Among them, at least the phase change trigger temperature of the first group of driving units is different from that of the second group of driving units, so that the heat sink can adjust the airflow pattern in stages and regions according to different temperature thresholds.

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