A sensing and communication integrated composite optical cable and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a sensing and communication integrated composite optical cable and a preparation method thereof. The optical cable comprises, from outside to inside, an outer sheath, a buffer layer, a filling layer, an armored layer and a cable core. The cable core comprises three kinds of optical fiber units with different functions. The application integrates and optimally arranges a communication unit for high-speed data communication, a quasi-distributed sensing unit for quasi-distributed high-precision monitoring and a full-distributed sensing unit for full-distributed field monitoring, so that the wiring, space, weight and cost are greatly reduced. The laser-welded rhombic mesh stainless steel belt is used as the armored layer, the mesh allows the adhesive to penetrate and solidify, and mechanical interlocking anchoring with the structure to be measured is formed. The boron nitride nanosheet-doped high-thermal-conductivity silicon gel is used as the filling layer, and a three-dimensional thermal conduction network wrapping the optical fiber is formed. The integrated nitinol shape memory alloy wire with a preset phase change temperature is mixed with aramid to form a buffer layer that can be actively tightened, and the optical cable is endowed with intelligent active protection capability under extreme working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field, specifically relating to an integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of intelligent ships places high demands on hull structure health monitoring, critical equipment status perception, and ship-wide information interoperability. Traditional electrical sensors have inherent drawbacks in the marine environment: they are susceptible to strong electromagnetic interference from radar and navigation systems, have complex wiring, point-based measurements cannot cover large areas of the hull, and pose electrical spark safety hazards in dangerous areas such as oil tankers and LNG carriers. Fiber optic sensing technology, with its advantages of resistance to electromagnetic interference, intrinsic safety and passive operation, and the ability to achieve distributed continuous measurement, has become the ideal choice for ship monitoring.

[0003] However, current marine optical cable engineering practices generally follow a "separate sensing and communication system" model: dedicated sensing optical cables collect data, while independent communication networks handle transmission, with both systems laid in parallel. This model results in extremely complex shipboard cabling, large space occupation, and high construction difficulty, significantly increasing shipbuilding and maintenance costs. More importantly, the design concept of existing marine special optical cables remains at the level of "ensuring communication and strengthening protection." The primary goal of structural optimization is to protect the physical integrity of optical fibers in harsh environments such as salt spray, vibration, and impact, without systematically designing to improve the quality and stability of sensing signals and coupling efficiency with the hull structure. This leads to problems such as low strain transfer efficiency, slow temperature response, and insufficient spatial resolution in practical applications, severely restricting the in-depth application of fiber optic sensing technology in high-end marine scenarios.

[0004] Therefore, the shipbuilding industry urgently needs an innovative marine optical cable solution that can natively integrate sensing and communication functions and is specifically designed for high-performance sensing, in order to simplify system architecture, improve monitoring accuracy, and reduce total life cycle costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives and technical effects, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A sensor-communication integrated composite optical cable includes an outer sheath, a buffer layer, a filling layer, an armor layer, and a cable core arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The cable core includes three types of optical fiber units with different functions.

[0007] Furthermore, the cable core includes three different optical fiber units: a communication unit, a quasi-distributed sensing unit, and a fully distributed sensing unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the communication unit uses 1-2 G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers, which are set in the center of the cable core.

[0009] Furthermore, the quasi-distributed sensing unit uses 4-8 FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering, which are twisted in a right-hand spiral with a twist pitch of 250-350mm around the communication unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the fully distributed sensing unit uses 2-4 bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers with a recessed cladding structure for its refractive index profile, which are twisted together in a left-hand spiral with a twist pitch of 120-180mm outside the quasi-distributed sensing unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the buffer layer is made of high-strength aramid fiber and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire mixed in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1 and woven into a tubular sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the filling layer is a high thermal conductivity silicon gel functional filling layer doped with boron nitride nanosheets.

[0013] Furthermore, the armor layer is made of 316L stainless steel strip with a thickness of 0.08-0.12mm, and is made into a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure by laser welding process. The mesh side length is 1.5-2.5mm and the porosity is controlled at 35-45%.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer sheath comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane 15-30 parts of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller with surface modified by silane coupling agent 10-20 parts of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant.

[0015] This invention also discloses a method for preparing an integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable, comprising the following steps: 1) Preparation of cable core; 2) Fabricate an armor layer on the outside of the cable core; 3) Create a filler layer outside the armor layer; 4) Create a buffer layer outside the filler layer; 5) Make an outer sheath outside the buffer layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Three-fiber heterogeneous integrated cable core topology: The three fiber units with different functions, namely communication unit, quasi-distributed sensing unit and fully distributed sensing unit, are integrated into a cable according to the topology structure of "central communication - spiral twisted quasi-distributed - reverse twisted fully distributed". The communication unit used for high-speed data communication, the quasi-distributed sensing unit used for quasi-distributed high-precision monitoring, and the fully distributed sensing unit used for fully distributed field monitoring are heterogeneously integrated and optimally laid out. Thus, a single optical cable replaces multiple parallel dedicated cables in the traditional solution, fundamentally solving the system fragmentation problem and achieving a significant reduction in wiring, space, weight and cost. (2) Laser-welded diamond-shaped mesh stainless steel strip is used as the armor layer. The mesh allows the adhesive to penetrate and cure, forming a mechanical interlocking anchor with the structure under test. High thermal conductivity silica gel doped with boron nitride nanosheets is used as the filling layer, which can form a three-dimensional thermally conductive network that wraps the optical fiber. Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy wire with a preset phase change temperature is integrated in the buffer layer and mixed with aramid to form a buffer layer that can be actively tightened. The optical cable is given intelligent active protection capability under extreme working conditions (especially fire), so that the optical cable can actively change its structural state under specific abnormal conditions (such as overload and high temperature), realizing the leap from "passive protection" to "active adaptation", and jointly realizing high-fidelity acquisition, efficient transmission and intelligent protection of sensor signals, providing a revolutionary hardware foundation for the "sensory nerves" of intelligent ships. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail so that its advantages and features can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The following provides a brief overview of one or more aspects to offer a basic understanding of them. This overview is not an exhaustive summary of all conceived aspects, nor is it intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects, nor to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form to prepare for the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0020] Terminology Explanation: FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating): Utilizing the photosensitivity of fiber materials, a spatial phase grating is formed within the fiber core. Its reflected wavelength changes with external strain and temperature variations, thereby achieving high-precision sensing.

[0021] DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensing): Based on the Raman scattering or Brillouin scattering effect in optical fibers, it enables continuous temperature measurement along the length of the optical fiber.

[0022] Krestov effect: In multi-core or adjacent optical fibers, the optical signal from one channel crosstalks into another channel, causing signal degradation.

[0023] Microstrain (µε): A unit of measurement for strain, 1 microstrain = 10-1 -6 m / m.

[0024] Shape memory alloy (SMA): A special alloy that can recover to a pre-set shape when heated above the phase transformation temperature.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses an integrated composite optical cable for sensing and communication, comprising an outer sheath 1, a buffer layer 2, a filling layer 3, an armor layer 4, and a cable core arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The cable core adopts an original topology structure that integrates three different optical fiber units with optimal mechanical and optical performance.

[0026] In some implementations, the cable core includes: Communication unit 5 uses 1-2 G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers, placed in the center of the cable core, to provide high-speed, bending-resistant backbone communication; The quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 uses 4-8 FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering, which are right-hand spirally twisted around the communication unit 5 with a first twist pitch (250-350mm) for high-precision temperature and strain monitoring of key equipment. The fully distributed sensing unit 7 uses 2-4 bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers. Its refractive index profile adopts a recessed cladding structure design. It is left-hand spirally twisted around the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 with the second twist pitch (120-180mm) as the outermost layer of the cable core. Its twisting direction is opposite to that of the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6, and it is used for continuous distributed sensing throughout the field.

[0027] This invention effectively suppresses signal crosstalk (Krestoff effect) between different optical fibers through physical spatial isolation and twisting pitch differences. The twisting in two opposite directions generates opposing torques that cancel each other out, thus protecting the internal optical fibers from excessive stress. Its advantages lie in replacing 2-3 traditional dedicated cables with a single optical cable, reducing the overall system cost by more than 40% and saving more than 50% of cabling space, providing a simplified "one cable, multiple functions" solution for space-constrained scenarios such as ships.

[0028] In some embodiments, the outer sheath 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane 15-30 parts of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller with surface modified by silane coupling agent 10-20 parts of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant.

[0029] Polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane offers superior abrasion resistance, oil resistance, and salt spray resistance (tensile strength retention >90% after 3000h salt spray test). Mica / silicon carbide synergistically enhances thermal conductivity and strengthens mechanical strength. Microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant forms a dense, expanded ceramic char layer with mica upon contact with fire (oxygen index ≥32, fire resistance integrity ≥120min). This material system simultaneously meets multiple requirements such as high thermal conductivity, high flame retardancy, and high weather resistance, resolving the performance contradictions of traditional materials that often compromise performance in certain areas, ensuring stable service of optical cables throughout the entire lifespan of the ship (over 25 years).

[0030] In some embodiments, the buffer layer 2 is a hybrid aramid / shape memory alloy wire intelligent buffer layer. High-strength aramid fibers and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wires are mixed and woven into a tubular sheath in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1, with the alloy wire phase transformation temperature preset at 70±5℃. The aramid fibers provide the primary tensile strength; when the ambient temperature exceeds the fire warning threshold, the alloy wires undergo a martensitic phase transformation and shrink, driving the buffer layer 2 to actively tighten, applying pre-tension protection to the internal cable core to achieve active fire resistance. Compared to traditional passive fire-resistant materials, this invention achieves a leap from "passive fire resistance" to "active fire resistance," extending the fire resistance time to over 120 minutes, buying valuable time for emergency communication and personnel evacuation.

[0031] In some embodiments, the filling layer 3 is a high thermal conductivity silicone gel functional filling layer doped with boron nitride nanosheets, using addition-cured silicone rubber as the matrix and uniformly dispersing 10-20 wt% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. The hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets form a three-dimensional thermally conductive network, increasing the thermal conductivity of the filling layer 3 to over 1.5 W / (m·K) (5-8 times higher than traditional petroleum jelly), enabling rapid and uniform transmission of external temperature changes to the sensing unit. This design improves the temperature spatial resolution of the DTS system to sub-meter level, reduces response time by more than 50%, and achieves precise linear positioning of early fire hazards.

[0032] In some embodiments, the armor layer 4 is a laser-welded diamond-shaped mesh stainless steel anchoring layer. It uses 0.08-0.12mm thick 316L stainless steel strips, laser-welded to create a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure with mesh side lengths of 1.5-2.5mm and porosity controlled at 35-45%. This structure covers the cable core to achieve efficient strain transfer. The mesh structure allows adhesive to penetrate and cure, forming a "micro-mechanical interlock" anchoring with the hull structure. Compared to traditional smooth armor, strain transfer efficiency is increased from less than 30% to over 85%, enabling distributed strain monitoring to achieve micro-strain level accuracy and truly realizing highly reliable monitoring of the hull structural health.

[0033] In some implementations, the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 uses femtosecond laser point-by-point writing technology to prepare an FBG array on a bare optical fiber, and then uses a low-temperature magnetron sputtering process to deposit a tungsten gold coating on the surface of the optical fiber with a coating thickness of 0.5-2.0 μm and a tungsten content of ≥90wt%.

[0034] This invention also discloses a method for preparing an integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable, comprising the following steps: 1) Preparation of cable core: Using 1-2 G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers, with a laying tension of 0.5-1.0N, placed in the center of the cabling machine, communication unit 5 is fabricated. Four to eight FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering are spirally twisted around the communication unit 5 with a first twist pitch of 250-350mm, right-hand twist, twisting speed of 15-25r / min, and wire tension of 1.0-1.5N to form a quasi-distributed sensing unit 6. Two to four bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers are used, with a recessed cladding structure design for their refractive index profile. They are spirally twisted around the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 with a second twist pitch of 120-180mm, left-hand twist, twisting speed of 10-20r / min, and wire tension of 1.0-1.5N to form a fully distributed sensing unit 7, which is the outermost layer of the cable core. Its twisting direction is opposite to that of the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6, and it is used for continuous distributed sensing throughout the field. 2) Fabricate an armor layer 4 outside the cable core: Using 316L stainless steel strips with a thickness of 0.08-0.12mm, a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure is formed by laser welding. The laser power is 200-400W, the welding speed is 50-100mm / s, the argon gas protection flow rate is 10-15L / min, the focal position is ±0.5mm, the mesh side length is 1.5-2.5mm, and the porosity is controlled at 35-45%. This structure is wrapped around the cable core to achieve efficient strain transfer. 3) Create a filler layer 3 outside the armor layer 4: Using addition-curing silicone rubber as the matrix, 10-20wt% of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets are added. The mixture is then vacuum stirred (stirring speed 300-500r / min, stirring pressure ≤-0.09MPa, stirring time 30-60min), and extruded at 25-40℃ to coat the armor layer 4. The extrusion speed is 0.5-1.5m / min, the extrusion thickness is 1.5-3.0mm, and then vulcanized at 80-120℃ for 2-4h. 4) Create a buffer layer 2 outside the fill layer 3: Using a 16 / 24 spindle braiding machine, high-strength aramid fiber and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire are mixed in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1 to be braided into a tubular sleeve, with a braiding angle of 35-45°, a braiding density of 85-95%, and a braiding speed of 5-10 r / min. 5) Fabricate an outer sheath 1 outside the buffer layer 2: Weigh out 100 parts by weight of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane, 15-30 parts by weight of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller modified with silane coupling agent, and 10-20 parts by weight of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant; dry 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane at 80-100℃ for 2-4 hours, then add 15-30 parts by weight of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller modified with silane coupling agent and 10-20 parts by weight of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant, and heat at 60-80℃. Mix at 0℃ for 10-15 min, then extrude using an extruder to coat the outer layer 2. Extruder temperature: feeding section 160-180℃, plasticizing section 180-200℃, homogenizing section 190-210℃, die head 190-200℃, extrusion speed 1.0-2.0 m / min, traction ratio 1:1~1:1.2, water tank staged cooling (50-60℃→20-30℃), outer sheath 1 thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm. Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a sensor-communication integrated composite optical cable includes an outer sheath 1, a buffer layer 2, a filling layer 3, an armor layer 4, and a cable core arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The cable core adopts an original topology structure that integrates three different optical fiber units with optimal mechanical and optical performance.

[0036] In this embodiment, the cable core includes: Communication unit 5 uses two G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers, which are placed in the center of the cable core to provide high-speed, bending-resistant backbone communication. The quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 uses six FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering, which are twisted in a right-hand spiral around the communication unit 5 with a first twist pitch (250mm) for high-precision temperature and strain monitoring of key equipment. The fully distributed sensing unit 7 uses four bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers. Its refractive index profile adopts a recessed cladding structure design. It is twisted in a left-hand spiral with a second twist pitch (120mm) outside the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 as the outermost layer of the cable core. Its twisting direction is opposite to that of the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6, and it is used for continuous distributed sensing throughout the field.

[0037] This embodiment effectively suppresses signal crosstalk (Krestoff effect) between different optical fibers through physical spatial isolation and twisting pitch differences. The twisting in two opposite directions generates opposing torques that cancel each other out, thus protecting the internal optical fibers from excessive stress. Its advantage lies in replacing the traditional 2-3 dedicated cables with a single optical cable, reducing the overall system cost by more than 40% and saving more than 50% of cabling space, providing a simplified "one cable, multiple functions" solution for space-constrained scenarios such as ships.

[0038] The outer sheath 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane 15 parts of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller with surface modified by silane coupling agent 20 parts of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant.

[0039] Polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane offers superior abrasion resistance, oil resistance, and salt spray resistance (tensile strength retention >90% after 3000h salt spray test). Mica / silicon carbide synergistically enhances thermal conductivity and strengthens mechanical strength. Microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant forms a dense, expanded ceramic char layer with mica upon contact with fire (oxygen index ≥32, fire resistance integrity ≥120min). This material system simultaneously meets multiple requirements such as high thermal conductivity, high flame retardancy, and high weather resistance, resolving the performance contradictions of traditional materials that often compromise performance in certain areas, ensuring stable service of optical cables throughout the entire lifespan of the ship (over 25 years).

[0040] Buffer layer 2 is a hybrid aramid / shape memory alloy wire intelligent buffer layer. It is made by weaving high-strength aramid fibers and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wires in a 3:1 ratio into a tubular sheath. The phase transformation temperature of the alloy wires is preset to 70℃. The aramid fibers provide the primary tensile strength; when the ambient temperature exceeds the fire warning threshold, the alloy wires undergo a martensitic phase transformation and shrink, driving buffer layer 2 to actively tighten, applying pre-tension protection to the internal cable core to achieve active fire resistance. Compared to traditional passive fire-resistant materials, this invention achieves a leap from "passive fire resistance" to "active fire resistance," extending the fire resistance time to over 120 minutes, buying valuable time for emergency communication and personnel evacuation.

[0041] Filler layer 3 is a high thermal conductivity silicone gel functional filler layer doped with boron nitride nanosheets. It uses addition-cured silicone rubber as a matrix and uniformly disperses 10 wt% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. The hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets form a three-dimensional thermally conductive network, increasing the thermal conductivity of filler layer 3 to over 1.5 W / (m·K) (5-8 times higher than traditional petroleum jelly), enabling rapid and uniform transmission of external temperature changes to the sensing unit. This design improves the temperature spatial resolution of the DTS system to sub-meter level, reduces response time by more than 50%, and achieves precise linear positioning of early-stage fire hazards.

[0042] Armor layer 4 is a laser-welded diamond-shaped mesh stainless steel anchoring layer. It uses 0.08mm thick 316L stainless steel strips, laser-welded to create a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure with 1.5mm side lengths and a porosity controlled at 35%. This structure covers the cable core to achieve efficient strain transfer. The mesh structure allows adhesive to penetrate and cure, forming a "micro-mechanical interlock" anchoring with the hull structure. Compared to traditional smooth armor, strain transfer efficiency is increased from less than 30% to over 85%, enabling distributed strain monitoring to achieve micro-strain level accuracy and truly realizing highly reliable monitoring of the hull structural health.

[0043] The quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 uses femtosecond laser point-by-point writing technology to prepare an FBG array on a bare optical fiber, and then uses low-temperature magnetron sputtering to deposit a tungsten gold coating on the surface of the optical fiber with a thickness of 0.5 μm and a tungsten content of 90 wt%.

[0044] A method for fabricating an integrated sensing and communication optical fiber cable includes the following steps: 1) Preparation of cable core: Two G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers were used, with a laying tension of 0.5N, and placed in the center of the cabling machine to fabricate communication unit 5. Six FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering are spirally twisted around the communication unit 5 with a first twist pitch of 250mm, right-hand twist, twisting speed of 15r / min, and wire tension of 1.0N to form a quasi-distributed sensing unit 6. Four bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers are used, and their refractive index profile adopts a recessed cladding structure design. They are spirally twisted outside the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6 with a second twist pitch of 120mm, left-hand twist, twisting speed of 10r / min, and wire tension of 1.0N to form a fully distributed sensing unit 7, which is the outermost layer of the cable core. Its twisting direction is opposite to that of the quasi-distributed sensing unit 6, and it is used for continuous distributed sensing throughout the field. 2) Fabricate an armor layer 4 outside the cable core: Using 0.08mm thick 316L stainless steel strip, a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure is formed by laser welding. The laser power is 200W, the welding speed is 50mm / s, the argon gas protection flow rate is 10L / min, the focal position is ±0.5mm, the mesh side length is 1.5mm, and the porosity is controlled at 35%. It is wrapped around the cable core to achieve efficient strain transfer. 3) Create a filler layer 3 outside the armor layer 4: Using addition-curing silicone rubber as the matrix, 10wt% of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets were added. The mixture was vacuum stirred (stirring speed 300r / min, stirring pressure -0.09MPa, stirring time 30min), and extruded at 25℃ to coat the armor layer 4. The extrusion speed was 0.5m / min and the extrusion thickness was 1.5mm. The mixture was then vulcanized at 80℃ for 4h. 4) Create a buffer layer 2 outside the fill layer 3: Using a 16 / 24 spindle braiding machine, high-strength aramid fiber and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire are mixed in a 3:1 ratio and braided into a tubular sleeve, with a braiding angle of 35°, a braiding density of 85%, and a braiding speed of 5 r / min. 5) Fabricate an outer sheath 1 outside the buffer layer 2: Weigh out 100 parts by weight of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane, 15 parts by weight of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller modified with silane coupling agent, and 20 parts by weight of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant. Dry the 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane at 80℃ for 4 hours, then add the 15 parts of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller modified with silane coupling agent and the 20 parts of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant, mix at 80℃ for 10 minutes, and then extrude the mixture to coat the buffer layer 2. The extruder temperature is as follows: feeding section 160℃, plasticizing section 180℃, homogenizing section 190℃, die head 200℃, extrusion speed 1.0 m / min, traction ratio 1:1, water tank staged cooling (50℃→20℃), and the thickness of the outer sheath 1 is 2.5 mm.

[0045] Any parts or structures not specifically described in this invention can be made using existing technologies or products, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0046] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite optical cable integrating sensing and communication, characterized in that, It includes an outer sheath, a buffer layer, a filling layer, an armor layer, and a cable core arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, wherein the cable core includes three types of optical fiber units with different functions.

2. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable core includes three types of optical fiber units with different functions: a communication unit, a quasi-distributed sensing unit, and a fully distributed sensing unit.

3. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication unit uses 1-2 G.657.B3 grade ultra-strong bending-resistant single-mode optical fibers, which are placed in the center of the cable core.

4. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quasi-distributed sensing unit uses 4-8 FBG array optical fibers coated with tungsten gold by magnetron sputtering, which are twisted in a right-hand spiral with a twist pitch of 250-350mm around the communication unit.

5. The integrated sensing and communication optical cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fully distributed sensing unit uses 2-4 bend-insensitive multimode optical fibers with a recessed cladding structure for its refractive index profile. The fibers are twisted together in a left-hand spiral with a twist pitch of 120-180mm outside the quasi-distributed sensing unit.

6. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer layer is made of high-strength aramid fiber and nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire woven into a tubular sleeve in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:

1.

7. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling layer is a high thermal conductivity silica gel functional filling layer doped with boron nitride nanosheets.

8. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The armor layer is made of 316L stainless steel strip with a thickness of 0.08-0.12mm, and is made into a continuous diamond-shaped mesh tubular structure by laser welding process. The mesh side length is 1.5-2.5mm and the porosity is controlled at 35-45%.

9. The integrated sensing and communication composite optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer sheath comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane 15-30 parts of mica / silicon carbide hybrid nanofiller with surface modified by silane coupling agent 10-20 parts of microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant.

10. A method for preparing an integrated sensing and communication optical cable according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Preparation of cable core; 2) Fabricate an armor layer on the outside of the cable core; 3) Create a filler layer outside the armor layer; 4) Create a buffer layer outside the filler layer; 5) Make an outer sheath outside the buffer layer.

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