Current transconductance amplification system and method based on alternating current quantum voltage reference

Abstract

The invention provides a current transconductance amplification system and method based on an alternating current quantum voltage reference, and the system comprises an alternating current quantum voltage signal source which is used for generating an alternating current quantum voltage signal; the transconductance amplification circuit is used for converting the alternating current quantum voltage signal into a current signal based on a preset transconductance value; the sampling resistor module is used for converting the current signal into a sampling voltage signal based on a preset feedback impedance parameter; the dynamic feedback network is used for conditioning the sampling voltage signal based on preset feedback network parameters and outputting a feedback voltage signal; and the comparison controller is used for calculating an error value based on the alternating current quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generating a signal for adjusting a transconductance value in the transconductance amplification circuit and a feedback network parameter in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metrology technology, specifically to a current transconductance amplification system and method based on an AC quantum voltage reference. Background Technology

[0002] High-precision current standard sources are core foundational equipment in fields such as metrology calibration, power equipment testing, and precision experiments. Currently, mainstream high-end current sources both domestically and internationally generally adopt a closed-loop control architecture of "operational amplifier + fixed parameter feedback network." Its working principle is to provide a reference signal through an internal voltage reference, which is amplified by an operational amplifier to achieve voltage-to-current (VI) conversion, and then the output stability is adjusted through a feedback network composed of fixed resistors / capacitors.

[0003] However, the architecture has the following inherent defects: (1) The accuracy of the voltage reference is limited. Traditional bandgap references cannot be traced back to basic physical constants. The upper limit of accuracy restricts the final accuracy of the current output; (2) Wideband stability contradictions are prominent. The corner frequency of the fixed feedback network is fixed. In the low frequency band, the output accuracy deteriorates due to insufficient feedback depth. In the high frequency band, oscillation is prone to occur due to insufficient phase margin. It cannot cover the wideband application scenario from "power frequency to high frequency"; (3) Nonlinear drift is uncontrollable. The temperature drift and time drift of the analog device will cause the transconductance gain to change with the environment. Furthermore, the traditional static calibration method cannot compensate for the drift under dynamic conditions, resulting in poor long-term stability.

[0004] Therefore, based on the above problems, this application proposes a current transconductance amplification system and method based on an AC quantum voltage reference. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a current transconductance amplification system and method based on an AC quantum voltage reference. Through a full-link design of "quantum reference, dynamic feedback, adaptive control, fault tolerance, and long-term calibration", the accuracy, bandwidth and stability of the current output are significantly improved.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference, comprising: an AC quantum voltage signal source for generating an AC quantum voltage signal based on a preset pulse-driven Josephson array;

[0008] A transconductance amplifier circuit is used to receive AC quantum voltage signals and convert them into current signals based on a preset transconductance value.

[0009] The sampling resistor module is used to receive current signals and convert them into sampling voltage signals based on preset feedback impedance parameters.

[0010] A dynamic feedback network is used to receive the sampled voltage signal, and based on preset feedback network parameters, to condition the sampled voltage signal and output a feedback voltage signal.

[0011] The comparator controller receives the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, calculates the error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a current transconductance amplification method based on an AC quantum voltage reference, including: presetting the initial parameters of each module in the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference, and initializing the parameters of the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference.

[0013] An AC quantum voltage signal source generates an AC quantum voltage signal.

[0014] The transconductance amplifier circuit converts the AC quantum voltage signal into a current signal based on a preset transconductance value;

[0015] The sampling resistor module converts the current signal into a sampling voltage signal based on preset feedback impedance parameters;

[0016] The dynamic feedback network conditions the sampled voltage signal based on preset feedback network parameters to generate a feedback voltage signal;

[0017] The comparator controller calculates the error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and based on the error value, generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network.

[0018] In this embodiment, a closed-loop design with "quantum reference, dynamic feedback, adaptive control, fault tolerance, and long-term calibration" is adopted to achieve high-precision, wide-bandwidth, and high-stability programmable current output. Specifically, by integrating an AC quantum voltage signal source composed of a pulse-driven Josephson array, the accuracy of the output current is directly traceable to fundamental physical constants. The dynamic feedback network achieves dynamic adjustment of feedback network parameters through a programmable resistor and capacitor array, expanding the system's operating bandwidth to cover testing requirements from power frequency to high frequency. The comparison controller integrates preset and adaptive dual operating modes, especially the adaptive algorithm based on Lyapunov stability theory combined with temperature monitoring, which realizes real-time adjustment of transconductance and feedback network parameters in two dimensions, effectively compensating for nonlinear errors caused by environmental temperature drift and component aging. The anomaly detection and fault tolerance module monitors quantum unlocking state, load impedance mutation rate, and analog-to-digital conversion anomalies in real time, and immediately calls backup parameters to intervene when an anomaly is detected, ensuring the system's robustness under sudden abnormal operating conditions. At the same time, the long-term calibration storage module triggers a recalibration mechanism through cumulative error calculation, supporting dynamic updates and optimization of system parameters, fundamentally avoiding long-term accuracy degradation caused by parameter aging.

[0019] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference provided in this application embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic feedback network provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. At the same time, in the description of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] This current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference includes:

[0026] An AC quantum voltage signal source is used to generate AC quantum voltage signals based on a preset pulse-driven Josephson array.

[0027] A transconductance amplifier circuit is used to receive AC quantum voltage signals and convert them into current signals based on a preset transconductance value.

[0028] The sampling resistor module is used to receive current signals and convert them into sampling voltage signals based on preset feedback impedance parameters.

[0029] A dynamic feedback network is used to receive the sampled voltage signal, and based on preset feedback network parameters, to condition the sampled voltage signal and output a feedback voltage signal.

[0030] The comparator controller receives the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, calculates the error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

[0031] The current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference also includes a clock module, which provides a synchronous clock reference for each module of the current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference.

[0032] Regarding the above system, it should be noted that the input terminal of the transconductance amplifier circuit is connected to the output terminal of the AC quantum voltage signal source, the input terminal of the sampling resistor module is connected to the output terminal of the transconductance amplifier circuit, the input terminal of the dynamic feedback network is connected to the output terminal of the sampling resistor module, the input terminal of the comparator controller is connected to the output terminals of the AC quantum voltage signal source and the dynamic feedback network respectively, the output terminal of the comparator controller is connected to the input terminals of the transconductance amplifier circuit and the dynamic feedback network, and the input terminal of the comparator controller is also connected to the clock module and the long-term calibration storage module.

[0033] Among them, the preset pulse-driven Josephson array can be understood as the Josephson effect is a quantum physical phenomenon. Under the drive of a specific microwave pulse, the array can generate a quantum voltage whose voltage value is determined only by the fundamental physical constant (Josephson constant) and the microwave frequency. This enables the output current of the system to be directly traced back to the fundamental physical constant, fundamentally breaking through the long-term drift and accuracy limitations of traditional semiconductor (such as bandgap) references, and is the cornerstone of ultra-high precision.

[0034] Among them, the transconductance amplifier circuit is a circuit in which the output current is proportional to the input voltage, and its proportionality coefficient is called the "transconductance value" (G). m This circuit receives an AC quantum voltage signal from a quantum reference and, based on a set transconductance value (I... out =G m *V in It is amplified and converted into a current signal that drives the load.

[0035] The sampling resistor module utilizes Ohm's law (V = I * R) of precision resistors to convert the actual output current signal I... out Linearly and passively converted back to a sampled voltage signal V sense The sampled voltage signal is a necessary feedback signal for subsequent closed-loop control, and its accuracy directly affects the output accuracy of the entire system.

[0036] The comparison controller is based on the source quantum voltage and the feedback voltage V after processing by the load loop and feedback network. feedback Calculate the error value (V) error =V in -V feedback Based on this error, the core control algorithm (such as the Lyapunov adaptive algorithm) is executed to generate two key adjustment signals: one controls the transconductance value (G) of the transconductance amplifier circuit. m One path controls the gain of the forward path; the other path controls the parameters (RC) of the dynamic feedback network to adjust the characteristics of the feedback path. This "dual-dimensional adjustment" can simultaneously compensate for static drift and dynamic disturbances.

[0037] In this embodiment, the system also includes an anomaly detection and fault tolerance module.

[0038] An AC quantum voltage signal source, including a quantum unlock detection unit, is used to determine quantum unlock when the fluctuation of the output AC quantum voltage signal continuously exceeds a set threshold, and to generate and output a low-level lock status signal.

[0039] The sampling resistor module includes a load impedance detection unit, which is used to monitor the voltage across the sampling resistor module and the current of the sampling resistor module, and calculate the load impedance change rate using Ohm's law based on the voltage across the sampling resistor module and the current of the sampling resistor module, and generate and output a load status signal when the load impedance change rate exceeds a set threshold.

[0040] The comparator controller, including an analog-to-digital converter, is used to synchronously acquire AC quantum voltage signals and feedback voltage signals. When the analog-to-digital converter experiences data overflow, or when the error value exceeds a set threshold multiple times consecutively, it generates and outputs an analog-to-digital conversion status signal.

[0041] The anomaly detection and fault tolerance module is used to receive lock status signals, load status signals, and analog-to-digital conversion status signals. Based on these signals, it determines abnormal operating conditions of the system and outputs corresponding fault tolerance instructions to the comparator controller. These instructions include emergency parameters corresponding to the abnormal operating conditions of the system.

[0042] Alternatively, the AC quantum voltage signal source can output an AC quantum voltage signal to the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module, where the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module makes a judgment and generates a lock-in state signal. The same applies to the sampling resistor module and the comparison controller module, but specific examples will not be provided.

[0043] Furthermore, the above-mentioned "calculating the load impedance change rate using Ohm's law and generating and outputting a load status signal when the load impedance change rate exceeds a set threshold" can be understood as calculating the "impedance change rate between two adjacent acquisitions" using a sliding window algorithm, comparing the calculated impedance change rate with a set threshold, and determining "load change anomaly" when the threshold is exceeded, thereby generating a load signal indicating "load change anomaly".

[0044] In addition, the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module also includes a backup parameter library, storing emergency parameters for different abnormal operating conditions, the most recent calibration parameters in case of quantum lock loss, a dedicated RC parameter set for load surges, and redundant channel parameters for analog-to-digital conversion error anomalies. When an anomaly is detected, the module immediately outputs fault tolerance instructions: in case of quantum lock loss, it controls the FPGA to switch to backup parameter mode, shuts down the power output of the transconductance amplifier circuit, and sends an alarm to the host computer; in case of load surges, it controls the dynamic feedback network to load dedicated RC parameters, increasing the Gm adjustment step size of the transconductance amplifier circuit; in case of analog-to-digital conversion error anomalies, it controls the switch to the redundant analog-to-digital converter channel and adjusts the sampling resistor value to a reasonable range. After the anomaly is resolved, a rapid calibration process is triggered to restore normal output.

[0045] In this embodiment, the sampling resistor module also includes a precision resistor and an analog switching switch, which together provide selectable sampling resistance values ​​to adjust the feedback impedance parameters.

[0046] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic feedback network includes a programmable resistor array, a programmable capacitor array, and an operational amplifier.

[0047] The programmable resistor array and programmable capacitor array are connected in parallel. One end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the dynamic feedback network, and the other end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the output terminal of the dynamic feedback network.

[0048] The programmable resistor array and the programmable capacitor array are each provided with a control terminal, which is used to receive configuration signals from the comparator controller to dynamically adjust the feedback network parameters, wherein the feedback network parameters are the resistance value of the programmable resistor array and the capacitance value of the programmable capacitor array.

[0049] An operational amplifier, together with a programmable resistor array and a programmable capacitor array, constitutes an inverting amplifier, which is used to perform amplitude and phase conditioning on the input sampled voltage signal based on the configuration signal, and outputs a conditioned feedback voltage signal.

[0050] Furthermore, the programmable resistor array employs a binary weighted design, comprising a reference resistor unit and an expansion network. The reference resistor has a resistance of 1kΩ. The expansion network consists of six resistors with resistances of 1kΩ, 2kΩ, 4kΩ, 8kΩ, 16kΩ, and 32kΩ, controlled by six independent CMOS analog switches. This design enables resistance value adjustment from 1kΩ to 63kΩ with a step accuracy of 1kΩ.

[0051] The programmable capacitor array employs a decimal weighted structure, comprising four capacitor units with capacitance values ​​of 100pF, 1nF, 10nF, and 100nF. Additionally, a dedicated 22pF capacitor is provided as a high-frequency compensation path. This array allows for capacitance adjustment from 100pF to 111.1nF.

[0052] The inverting amplifier structure is constructed using a zero-drift precision operational amplifier. The input impedance is a fixed 10kΩ resistor, and the feedback impedance is composed of the aforementioned programmable resistor-capacitor array connected in parallel.

[0053] The feedback network converts and conditions the sampled current into a voltage signal V. feedback The signal is fed back to the comparator and compared with the quantum reference signal. The resulting error signal is used to adjust the input of the transconductance amplifier in real time, forming a precise closed-loop negative feedback system to ensure that the output current strictly tracks the quantum voltage reference.

[0054] In this embodiment, the comparison controller also includes an FPGA and a temperature sensor.

[0055] Temperature sensor, used to collect system ambient temperature data in real time;

[0056] The FPGA is used to receive ambient temperature data, AC quantum voltage signals, and feedback voltage signals. In addition, the FPGA integrates preset mode and adaptive mode, and calculates error values ​​based on AC quantum voltage signals and feedback voltage signals. Based on the error values ​​and the selected operating mode, it generates control signals for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and configuration signals for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network. The selected operating mode is the operating mode selected from the preset mode and adaptive mode.

[0057] For example, the temperature sensor collects the temperature every 100ms. When the temperature change exceeds the threshold of 1℃, the FPGA calls the temperature-RC compensation table to pre-adjust the parameters and then restarts the adaptive adjustment to ensure error stability.

[0058] It should be noted that (i) the preset mode, which achieves rapid configuration by pre-storing the optimal parameters, includes two stages: offline calibration and online operation.

[0059] Offline calibration phase: A set of typical operating point groups was set, each operating point being characterized by a typical output frequency F. out and typical current amplitude I out composition.

[0060] For each operating point i, the actual output current is measured using a standard ammeter. Calculation error:

[0061] Iterative adjustment of RC parameters and transconductance G m Values ​​that make the error less than a preset threshold ∈: error i <∈;

[0062] Optimal parameters (RC and G) for each operating point m The value will be stored in the preset parameter table, that is:

[0063] Online operation phase: The host computer sets the output frequency F. out and current amplitude I out After receiving the command, the FPGA queries the preset parameter table and selects the operating point i that is closest to the current setting.

[0064] Based on the selected operating point, the analog switch of the dynamic feedback network is driven by the GPIO signal, the corresponding RC parameters are connected, and the G of the transconductance amplifier circuit is adjusted. m Value, also known as RC selected =RC (i) ,

[0065] After the parameters are configured, the controller acquires the quantum voltage V through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). in and feedback voltage V feedback And calculate the error: Error feedback =V in -V feedback

[0066] If the absolute value of the error is less than the allowable threshold ∈, then the system enters a stable output state: |error feedback |<∈ Stable output;

[0067] If the error does not meet the requirements, the adaptive mode fine-tuning is triggered to adjust the parameters to reduce the error and ensure output accuracy.

[0068] Adaptive fine-tuning: If the error exceeds the threshold, fine-tuning is performed, adjusting the RC parameter or G. m The values ​​are updated iteratively using optimization algorithms (such as gradient descent or least squares).

[0069] (ii) Adaptive mode is based on Lyapunov stability theory to adjust the RC parameters and transconductance G of the system in real time. m The value is adjusted to compensate for dynamic errors and drift. This mode achieves high-precision dynamic adjustment and system stability through five steps (initialization, error detection, two-dimensional adjustment, convergence locking, and anomaly handling).

[0070] (1) Initialization phase

[0071] The FPGA outputs according to the set frequency F. out Load the initial RC parameters and transconductance G from the preset parameter table. m The initial temperature T0 is collected by the temperature sensor.

[0072] (2) Error detection stage

[0073] Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) synchronously acquires quantum voltage V in and feedback voltage V feedback Calculate the voltage error: V error =V in -V feedback ;

[0074] According to V error Determine the error type: Static error: If V error If it does not change over time, it is called static error. Dynamic error: If V error If it changes over time, it is called dynamic error.

[0075] If the error is static, then the transconductance G should be adjusted first. m Value; if it is a dynamic error, then the RC parameter should be adjusted first.

[0076] (3) Two-dimensional adjustment stage

[0077] For static error adjustment: based on V error Calculate transconductance G m Offset: Among them G m0 This is the current transconductance value. The FPGA output control signal adjusts G. m value.

[0078] For dynamic error adjustment: the Lyapunov adaptive algorithm is used to adjust the RC parameters. Define the state vector: Reference model: Where the system matrix A m and input matrix B m for: Where ω n Let ω be the natural angular frequency, ζ be the damping ratio, and θ be the RC parameter vector.

[0079] Tracking error is defined as: e = xx m ;

[0080] The adaptive law is: in Let Γ be the RC parameter vector, Γ be the adaptive gain matrix, P be the positive definite matrix, and Φ be the adjustment matrix.

[0081] Discretization enables synchronization of the sampling period with the analog-to-digital converter's sampling period:

[0082] θ[k]=θ[k-1]-Δt·Γ·Φ[k-1]·e[k-1] T ·P·B m .

[0083] (4) Convergence and Locking Phase

[0084] Repeatedly perform error detection and two-dimensional adjustment until multiple consecutive samples satisfy: |V error (k)-V error (k-1)∣<∈; where ∈ is the error threshold, indicating that the error has converged. At this point, the system locks the current RC parameters and G. m The value is then entered a stable output state.

[0085] During the stable output process, the FPGA continuously monitors temperature changes. If the temperature fluctuation exceeds the threshold, the temperature-RC compensation table is called to pre-adjust the parameters and shorten the convergence time.

[0086] (5) Abnormal response phase

[0087] If the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module outputs an abnormal signal, the FPGA immediately pauses the adaptive algorithm and executes fault tolerance instructions. After the anomaly is resolved, it reinitializes and restarts adaptive adjustment to ensure the system quickly returns to stability.

[0088] In this embodiment, the system also includes a long-term calibration storage module, which includes: a non-volatile memory for storing preset parameters of the system's transconductance amplifier circuit, sampling resistor module, and dynamic feedback network; and a calibration trigger unit for receiving the error value calculated by the comparison controller in real time, calculating the daily error accumulation value, and issuing a calibration command to the host computer of the current transconductance amplifier system when the daily error accumulation value exceeds a preset threshold.

[0089] In addition, non-volatile memory is also used to store the system's historical calibration records.

[0090] It is understandable that the memory stores a preset parameter table (parameters of the optimal dynamic feedback network after offline calibration + transconductance value G of the transconductance amplifier circuit). m The calibration trigger unit calculates the daily cumulative error value in real time, based on the last 10 calibration records (including calibration time, operating point, and parameter values). I theo The theoretical output current is used. When the daily error accumulation value exceeds the threshold, a calibration reminder is triggered and a calibration command is output to the FPGA.

[0091] For example, the long-term calibration storage module calculates the daily cumulative error value in real time, and triggers a calibration reminder when the operating error exceeds the threshold of 1 ppm.

[0092] Perform offline calibration as prompted: Connect the system to a standard load and a standard ammeter, retest at the preset operating point, and update the optimal RC+G. m The parameters are written to the memory, overwriting the old parameter table, and the calibration information is recorded, forming a long-term closed loop of "error accumulation - calibration update - accuracy recovery".

[0093] In this embodiment, the clock module is an atomic clock. That is, the clock module (usually a highly stable atomic clock or temperature-compensated crystal oscillator) provides a unified and stable time reference for the microwave pulse frequency of the quantum voltage source, the sampling of the analog-to-digital converter, the algorithm cycle of the controller, and the communication between various modules, ensuring that all operations are precisely synchronized in time and avoiding additional errors introduced by timing jitter.

[0094] In summary, in the embodiments of this application, a closed-loop design with "quantum reference, dynamic feedback, adaptive control, fault tolerance, and long-term calibration" is adopted to achieve high-precision, wide-bandwidth, and high-stability programmable current output. Specifically, by integrating an AC quantum voltage signal source composed of a pulse-driven Josephson array, the accuracy of the output current is directly traceable to fundamental physical constants. The dynamic feedback network achieves dynamic adjustment of feedback network parameters through a programmable resistor and capacitor array, expanding the system's operating bandwidth to cover testing requirements from power frequency to high frequency. The comparison controller integrates preset and adaptive dual operating modes, especially the adaptive algorithm based on Lyapunov stability theory combined with temperature monitoring, which realizes real-time adjustment of transconductance and feedback network parameters in two dimensions, effectively compensating for nonlinear errors caused by environmental temperature drift and component aging. The anomaly detection and fault tolerance module monitors quantum unlocking state, load impedance mutation rate, and analog-to-digital conversion anomalies in real time, and immediately calls backup parameters to intervene when an anomaly is detected, ensuring the system's robustness under sudden abnormal operating conditions. At the same time, the long-term calibration storage module triggers a recalibration mechanism through cumulative error calculation, supporting dynamic updates and optimization of system parameters, fundamentally avoiding long-term accuracy degradation caused by parameter aging.

[0095] The above combination Figures 1-2 This application provides a detailed description of the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference provided in the embodiments of this application. The following describes the current transconductance amplification method based on an AC quantum voltage reference provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0096] The method includes the following steps:

[0097] Step S101: Preset the initial parameters of each module in the current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference, and initialize the parameters of the current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference.

[0098] That is, the output frequency and current amplitude are set by the host computer; the FPGA loads firmware and initializes each module; the temperature sensor collects the initial temperature; the long-term calibration storage module outputs a preset parameter table; and the FPGA matches the initial parameters corresponding to the output frequency and current amplitude.

[0099] Step S102: An AC quantum voltage signal source generates an AC quantum voltage signal.

[0100] In step S103, the transconductance amplifier circuit converts the AC quantum voltage signal into a current signal based on a preset transconductance value.

[0101] In step S104, the sampling resistor module converts the current signal into a sampling voltage signal based on the preset feedback impedance parameters.

[0102] In step S105, the dynamic feedback network conditions the sampled voltage signal based on preset feedback network parameters to generate a feedback voltage signal.

[0103] In step S106, the comparison controller calculates the error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

[0104] Among them, the FPGA adjusts G according to the error type. m Value or RC parameter, re-acquire V feedback Calculate the error; repeat the above adjustment process until V is satisfied in 10 consecutive samples. error (k)-V error (k-1) is less than 1μV, locking the RC parameter and G. m The value is then entered a stable output state.

[0105] In this embodiment, the method further includes: during system operation, the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module determines the abnormal operating condition of the system based on the received various status signals, and outputs the corresponding fault tolerance instruction to the comparator controller. The fault tolerance instruction includes emergency parameters corresponding to the abnormal operating condition of the system, and the various status signals are output by the AC quantum voltage signal source, the sampling resistor module, and the comparator controller. Correspondingly, the comparator controller suspends the current operation based on the fault tolerance instruction and calls the emergency parameters in the fault tolerance instruction to adjust the system.

[0106] In this embodiment, the method further includes: the comparison controller integrates a preset mode and an adaptive mode.

[0107] In preset mode, the comparator controller directly calls the optimal parameter combination stored in the long-term calibration storage module based on the error value to generate a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network.

[0108] In adaptive mode, the comparator controller is based on Lyapunov stability theory and dynamically adjusts the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network in real time through parameter adaptive law.

[0109] Furthermore, the specific implementation of the above method is basically similar to the system implementation, so the description is relatively simple. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the system implementation.

[0110] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than those shown in the embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the specific order or sequential order shown in the drawings is not necessarily required to achieve the desired result; in some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0111] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference, characterized in that, include: An AC quantum voltage signal source is used to generate AC quantum voltage signals based on a preset pulse-driven Josephson array. A transconductance amplifier circuit is used to receive the AC quantum voltage signal and convert the AC quantum voltage signal into a current signal based on a preset transconductance value. The sampling resistor module is used to receive current signals and convert the current signals into sampling voltage signals based on preset feedback impedance parameters; A dynamic feedback network is used to receive the sampled voltage signal, and based on preset feedback network parameters, to condition the sampled voltage signal and output a feedback voltage signal. A comparator controller is configured to receive the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, calculate an error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generate a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

2. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an anomaly detection and fault tolerance module; The AC quantum voltage signal source includes a quantum unlock detection unit, which is used to determine quantum unlock when the fluctuation of the output AC quantum voltage signal continuously exceeds a set threshold, and generate and output a low-level lock status signal. The sampling resistor module includes a load impedance detection unit, which is used to monitor the voltage across the sampling resistor module and the current of the sampling resistor module, and calculate the load impedance change rate using Ohm's law based on the voltage across the sampling resistor module and the current of the sampling resistor module, and generate and output a load status signal when the load impedance change rate exceeds a set threshold. The comparison controller includes an analog-to-digital converter for synchronously acquiring the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal. When the analog-to-digital converter experiences data overflow, or when the error value exceeds a set threshold multiple times consecutively, it generates and outputs an analog-to-digital conversion status signal. The anomaly detection and fault tolerance module is used to receive the lock status signal, the load status signal, and the analog-to-digital conversion status signal, and based on the lock status signal, the load status signal, and the analog-to-digital conversion status signal, determine the abnormal operating condition of the system, and output the corresponding fault tolerance instruction to the comparator controller, wherein the fault tolerance instruction includes emergency parameters corresponding to the abnormal operating condition of the system.

3. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sampling resistor module also includes a precision resistor and an analog switching switch, which together provide selectable sampling resistance values ​​to adjust the feedback impedance parameters.

4. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic feedback network includes a programmable resistor array, a programmable capacitor array, and an operational amplifier; The programmable resistor array and the programmable capacitor array are connected in parallel. One end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the dynamic feedback network, and the other end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the output terminal of the dynamic feedback network. The programmable resistor array and the programmable capacitor array are each provided with a control terminal for receiving configuration signals from the comparator controller to dynamically adjust the feedback network parameters, wherein the feedback network parameters are the resistance value of the programmable resistor array and the capacitance value of the programmable capacitor array. The operational amplifier, together with the programmable resistor array and the programmable capacitor array, constitutes an inverting amplifier, which is used to perform amplitude and phase conditioning on the input sampled voltage signal based on the configuration signal, and output the conditioned feedback voltage signal.

5. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The comparison controller also includes an FPGA and a temperature sensor; The temperature sensor is used to collect system ambient temperature data in real time; The FPGA is used to receive the ambient temperature data, the AC quantum voltage signal, and the feedback voltage signal. In addition, the FPGA integrates a preset mode and an adaptive mode, and calculates an error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal. Based on the error value and the selected operating mode, it generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network. The selected operating mode is the operating mode selected from the preset mode and the adaptive mode.

6. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a long-term calibration storage module, which comprises: Non-volatile memory is used to store preset parameters of the transconductance amplifier circuit, the sampling resistor module, and the dynamic feedback network of the system; The calibration trigger unit receives the error value calculated by the comparison controller in real time, calculates the daily error accumulation value, and sends a calibration command to the host computer of the current transconductance amplification system when the daily error accumulation value exceeds a preset threshold.

7. The current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clock module is an atomic clock.

8. A current transconductance amplification method based on an AC quantum voltage reference, applied to the current transconductance amplification system based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method includes: The initial parameters of each module in the current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference are preset, and the parameters of the current transconductance amplification system based on the AC quantum voltage reference are initialized. Each module includes an AC quantum voltage signal source, a transconductance amplification circuit, a sampling resistor module, a dynamic feedback network, and a comparator controller. An AC quantum voltage signal source generates an AC quantum voltage signal. The transconductance amplifier circuit converts the AC quantum voltage signal into a current signal based on a preset transconductance value; The sampling resistor module converts the current signal into a sampling voltage signal based on preset feedback impedance parameters; The dynamic feedback network conditions the sampled voltage signal based on preset feedback network parameters to generate a feedback voltage signal; The comparator controller calculates the error value based on the AC quantum voltage signal and the feedback voltage signal, and generates a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network based on the error value.

9. The current transconductance amplification method based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: During system operation, the anomaly detection and fault tolerance module determines abnormal system conditions based on the received various status signals and outputs corresponding fault tolerance instructions to the comparator controller. The fault tolerance instructions include emergency parameters corresponding to the abnormal system conditions. The various status signals are output by the AC quantum voltage signal source, the sampling resistor module, and the comparator controller. Correspondingly, the comparison controller suspends the current operation based on the fault-tolerant instruction and calls the emergency parameters in the fault-tolerant instruction to adjust the system.

10. The current transconductance amplification method based on an AC quantum voltage reference as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The comparison controller integrates a preset mode and an adaptive mode; In preset mode, the comparison controller, based on the error value, directly calls the optimal parameter combination pre-stored in the long-term calibration storage module to generate a control signal for adjusting the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and a configuration signal for adjusting the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network. In adaptive mode, the comparator controller is based on Lyapunov stability theory and dynamically adjusts the transconductance value in the transconductance amplifier circuit and the feedback network parameters in the dynamic feedback network in real time through parameter adaptive law.

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