Numerical control lathe with self-adaptive clamping structure
The CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure solves the problem of residual debris affecting positioning accuracy after machining, achieving stable clamping and efficient cleaning, thus improving machining stability and cleaning efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGYIN SECONDARY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL JIANGSU PROVINCE
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
After the workpiece is machined on a CNC lathe, a large amount of machining debris is easily left on the surface of the fixture and around the worktable, which affects the positioning accuracy and stability of subsequent workpieces.
An adaptive clamping structure was designed, including an adaptive limiting mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. Adaptive clamping is achieved by driving a bidirectional lead screw to rotate through a fixed motor. The stability of the rotating table is ensured by an elastic airbag and a locking mechanism, and debris is removed by a cleaning strip and an air jet mechanism.
It achieves stable workpiece clamping and efficient cleaning, avoids interference from residual debris on subsequent workpiece positioning, improves processing stability and cleaning efficiency, and reduces equipment energy consumption and maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN122007457A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC lathe technology, specifically to a CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure. Background Technology
[0002] The application of CNC technology has not only brought revolutionary changes to traditional manufacturing, making manufacturing a symbol of industrialization, but also, with the continuous development of CNC technology and the expansion of its application fields, it plays an increasingly important role in the development of some important industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood. This is because the digitalization of equipment required by these industries is a major trend in modern development, and therefore, CNC lathes are needed to process workpieces.
[0003] Current CNC lathes generally exhibit poor cutting stability when machining extended workpieces. To address this issue, a workpiece auxiliary clamping structure and CNC lathe disclosed in existing technology (Chinese Patent Application No. CN202110509642.4, filed on 2021-05-11) can be referenced. This auxiliary clamping mechanism, through the inclusion of a movable tailstock, drives the center sleeve to hold the end of the workpiece during machining of longer workpieces, thus providing auxiliary clamping and enhancing workpiece stability during machining. Furthermore, the center sleeve has an insertion hole matching the center, within which a rotary bearing is installed. The outer ring of the rotary bearing is detachably connected to the center sleeve, while the inner ring is fixedly connected to the center. Because the center and center sleeve are rotatably connected via the rotary bearing, rotational stability is good, and rotational accuracy is high. This can also be referenced in existing technology (Chinese Patent Application No. CN201810885846.6, filed on 2018-08-06). A workpiece clamping device for a CNC lathe is disclosed. This device uses a rotating screw on a motor to drive a moving ring to move on the rotating screw. The rotating screw has two opposing threads. The motor drives the rotating screw to rotate in either the forward or reverse direction, causing the moving ring to move and thus increasing or decreasing the distance between the two moving rings on the rotating screw. This, in turn, increases or decreases the distance between two adjusting plates. This device is suitable for clamping workpieces of different sizes, expanding its applicability and reducing the cost of manufacturing multiple clamping devices. Finally, reference can be made to a prior art (Chinese patent application number CN202210272970.1, application date 2022-03-18) which discloses an auxiliary clamping structure for a CNC lathe. This auxiliary clamping structure, through the setting of mechanical jaws, replaces manual operation with mechanical operation, greatly facilitating the fixing process of the workpiece to the CNC lathe and the removal of the workpiece after machining, thereby improving machining efficiency and reducing labor requirements.
[0004] Although the above-mentioned device can perform workpiece clamping and limiting operations, some functions still need to be optimized in actual use. For example, after the workpiece is processed, a large amount of machining debris is easily left on the surface of the fixture and around the worktable. If the next set of workpieces is directly limited, the residual debris will seriously affect the accuracy and stability of subsequent positioning.
[0005] Therefore, we propose a CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that after the workpiece is machined, a large amount of machining debris is easily left on the surface of the fixture and around the worktable. If the next set of workpieces is directly limited, the residual debris will seriously affect the accuracy and stability of subsequent positioning.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure, comprising a worktable body and a movable part movably disposed on the top of the worktable body. The actuator of the movable part acts on the outside of the machining part to adjust the position of the machining part on the top of the worktable body. A control panel is mounted on the surface of the worktable body to control the start and stop of the movable part and the machining part. A rotating table is rotatably disposed on the top of the worktable body. A fixed motor is fixed to the side wall of the rotating table. The output end of the fixed motor is connected to an adaptive limiting mechanism. The inner side of the adaptive limiting mechanism is used to conform to the side wall of the workpiece to achieve adaptive clamping. A cleaning part is disposed at the bottom of the rotating table. The cleaning part includes a sweeping mechanism and an air-jet cleaning mechanism. The sweeping mechanism includes a cleaning strip that conforms to the top of the worktable body. The bottom outer side of the cleaning strip conforms to the top of the worktable body. The air-jet cleaning mechanism includes air jets opened on both sides of the bottom of the cleaning strip. The air jets face the top of the worktable body and are used to clean debris on the top of the worktable body.
[0008] Preferably, the top of the workbench is provided with several sets of drainage ports, and a support bar is fixed at the end of the workbench away from the rotating part of the rotating table.
[0009] Preferably, the moving part includes a longitudinal moving part installed at the bottom of the worktable body, the working end of the longitudinal moving part is connected to the bottom outer side of the transverse moving part, the working end of the transverse moving part is fixed to one side of the vertical moving part, and the execution end of the vertical moving part is fixed to the outer side of the processing part.
[0010] Preferably, the adaptive limiting mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw fixedly connected to the output end of a fixed motor. Limiting blocks are threadedly connected to the left and right sides of the bidirectional lead screw. The outer side of the limiting block is slidably disposed on the top of the rotating table. The end of the limiting block away from the bidirectional lead screw is slidably sleeved on the outer side of a guide rod. The two ends of the guide rod are fixed to the inner sidewall of the slide groove.
[0011] Preferably, an elastic bellows is nested on the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw, the slide groove is opened on both sides of the top of the rotating table, and the two sets of limiting blocks are arranged opposite to each other along the moving direction of the bidirectional lead screw.
[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the rotating platform away from the rotation point is attached to the top of the support bar, and the lower end of the rotating platform is provided with a locking mechanism, the protruding end of which is embedded in a pre-set hole in the support bar; the locking mechanism includes an elastic airbag nested on the outside of the guide rod, the end of the elastic airbag is connected to the limiting part through an air supply pipe, and the limiting part includes a fixing cylinder fixed to the bottom of the rotating platform, the inside of which is connected to the locking rod through a connecting spring.
[0013] Preferably, the end of the lever extending out of the fixing cylinder can be embedded inside the support bar, and the elastic force of the elastic airbag is greater than the elastic force of the connecting spring.
[0014] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism further includes a connecting block fixed to the bottom of the rotating table, a movable rod rotatably disposed on the inner side of the connecting block, the lower end of the movable rod rotatably disposed at the bottom of the cleaning strip, the inner sides of the front and rear ends of the cleaning strip slidingly disposed on the outer side of the guide rail, the two ends of the guide rail being fixed to the top of the workbench body, and the length of the cleaning strip being greater than the length of the front and rear sets of support strips.
[0015] Preferably, the jet cleaning mechanism further includes a piston rod fixed to the outer end of the cleaning strip, the outer end of the piston rod being slidably disposed inside the air cylinder, the outer end of the air cylinder being fixed to the top side of the workbench body, and the end of the piston rod being provided with a one-way air outlet, the outer end of the one-way air outlet being connected to the jet nozzle.
[0016] Preferably, the piston rod and the cleaning strip have a hollow internal structure, a rubber ring is nested on the outside of the piston rod, the outside of the rubber ring is attached to the inner wall of the air cylinder, and a one-way air inlet is provided at the outer end of the air cylinder.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure, by setting an adaptive limiting mechanism, uses a fixed motor to drive a bidirectional lead screw to rotate, which can drive two sets of limiting blocks to move relative to each other, adapting to the clamping requirements of workpieces of different sizes and improving the versatility of processing; when the limiting blocks move, they compress the elastic air bladder, which can trigger the locking mechanism, causing the locking rod to embed into the support bar, ensuring the stability of the rotary table during processing; after processing, the limiting blocks reset and release the compression of the elastic air bladder, the locking rod retracts, and the rotary table can rotate freely; when the rotary table rotates, it drives the connecting block and the movable rod, driving the cleaning strip to slide along the guide rail to clean the surface of the worktable, and the debris is discharged through the discharge port; at the same time, the movement of the cleaning strip drives the piston rod to slide in the air cylinder, and the generated airflow is ejected through the jet nozzle to achieve secondary cleaning of the debris on the surface of the worktable, as detailed below: 1. While the workpiece is clamped by the limit block driven by the bidirectional lead screw, the elastic air bladder is squeezed to generate air pressure, which pushes the clamping rod to quickly embed into the support bar. The rotation table can be fixed without additional operation, effectively avoiding the rotation table from shifting during processing and improving the cutting stability of the workpiece. 2. The cleaning strip and the rotating table are mechanically linked, which can complete the cleaning operation without an additional power source, reducing the energy consumption of the equipment and the later maintenance costs; the air jet moves synchronously with the cleaning strip, which can efficiently blow away debris in the gaps and dead corners of the worktable, and the exhaust port can quickly collect the debris; this design avoids the tedious process of manual cleaning and prevents debris residue from interfering with the positioning of subsequent workpieces. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a top view of the rotating platform structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating platform structure from below in this invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the limiting part of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a side view schematic diagram of the elastic airbag structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the air cylinder of the present invention.
[0019] In the diagram: 1. Workbench body; 101. Drainage port; 102. Support bar; 2. Control panel; 3. Longitudinal moving part; 4. Lateral moving part; 5. Vertical moving part; 6. Machining part; 7. Rotary table; 8. Fixed motor; 9. Two-way lead screw; 10. Limiting block; 11. Guide rod; 12. Slide groove; 13. Elastic airbag; 14. Air supply pipe; 15. Limiting part; 151. Fixed cylinder; 152. Connecting spring; 153. Locking rod; 16. Connecting block; 17. Movable rod; 18. Cleaning strip; 19. Piston rod; 20. Air cylinder; 21. One-way air outlet; 22. Guide rail; 23. Air jet nozzle. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Please see Figures 1-9 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure.
[0022] Example 1: To address the issue that after workpiece machining is completed on current CNC lathes, a large amount of machining debris easily remains on the fixture surface and around the worktable. If the next set of workpieces is directly subjected to a limit operation, the residual debris will seriously affect the accuracy and stability of subsequent positioning. Please refer to the attached... Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 -Appendix Figure 9The bottom of the rotating table 7 is equipped with a cleaning section, which includes a sweeping mechanism and an air-jet cleaning mechanism. The sweeping mechanism includes a cleaning strip 18 that adheres to the top of the worktable body 1, with the outer bottom of the cleaning strip 18 adhering to the top of the worktable body 1. The air-jet cleaning mechanism includes air nozzles 23 on both sides of the bottom of the cleaning strip 18, with the air nozzles 23 facing the top of the worktable body 1, for cleaning debris from the top of the worktable body 1. The sweeping mechanism also includes a connecting block 16 fixed to the bottom of the rotating table 7. A movable rod 17 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the connecting block 16, with the lower end of the movable rod 17 rotatably mounted on the bottom of the cleaning strip 18. The inner sides of the front and rear ends of the cleaning strip 18 are slidably mounted on the guide rail 2. On the outside of 2, the two ends of the guide rail 22 are fixed to the top of the workbench body 1. The length of the cleaning strip 18 is greater than the length of the front and rear support strips 102. The jet cleaning mechanism also includes a piston rod 19 fixed to the outer end of the cleaning strip 18. The outer end of the piston rod 19 is slidably disposed inside the air cylinder 20. The outer end of the air cylinder 20 is fixed to the top side of the workbench body 1. The end of the piston rod 19 is provided with a one-way air outlet 21. The outer end of the one-way air outlet 21 is connected to the jet nozzle 23. The piston rod 19 and the cleaning strip 18 are hollow inside. A rubber ring is nested on the outside of the piston rod 19. The outside of the rubber ring is attached to the inner wall of the air cylinder 20. The outer end of the air cylinder 20 is provided with a one-way air inlet.
[0023] After processing, the rotating table 7 is angled, and the connecting block 16 at its bottom synchronously drives the movable rod 17 to deflect. The movable rod 17 drives the cleaning strip 18 to slide along the guide rail 22 on the top of the workbench 1, directly cleaning the residual debris on the table surface. The debris can be discharged through the drain port 101 of the workbench 1. When the cleaning strip 18 moves, it synchronously drives the piston rod 19 to slide back and forth in the air cylinder 20. The rubber ring on the outside of the piston rod 19 ensures the sealing of the air cylinder 20. The air cylinder 20 draws in outside air through the one-way air inlet and then delivers compressed air to the hollow piston rod 19 and the cleaning strip 18 through the one-way air outlet 21. Finally, the compressed air is ejected from the jet nozzle 23 to perform secondary cleaning of the debris in the gaps and dead corners on the surface of the workbench 1, ensuring that the table surface is clean and avoiding debris from interfering with the positioning of subsequent workpieces.
[0024] Example 2: For convenient and stable processing, please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4The CNC lathe includes a worktable body 1 and a movable part movably disposed on the top of the worktable body 1. The actuator of the movable part acts on the outside of the machining part 6 to adjust the position of the machining part 6 on the top of the worktable body 1. A control panel 2 is mounted on the surface of the worktable body 1. The control panel 2 is used to control the start and stop of the movable part and the machining part 6. A rotary table 7 is rotatably disposed on the top of the worktable body 1. A fixed motor 8 is fixed to the side wall of the rotary table 7. The output end of the fixed motor 8 is connected to an adaptive limit mechanism. The inner side of the adaptive limit mechanism is used to conform to the side wall of the workpiece. The system achieves adaptive clamping; the top of the worktable body 1 is provided with several sets of drainage ports 101, and a support bar 102 is fixed at the end of the worktable body 1 away from the rotating part of the rotating table 7; the moving part includes a longitudinal moving part 3 installed at the bottom of the worktable body 1, the working end of the longitudinal moving part 3 is connected to the outer bottom of the transverse moving part 4, the working end of the transverse moving part 4 is fixed to one side of the vertical moving part 5, and the execution end of the vertical moving part 5 is fixed to the outer side of the processing part 6; the adaptive limiting mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw 9 fixedly connected to the output end of the fixed motor 8. The left and right sides of the bidirectional lead screw 9 are threaded with limit blocks 10. The outer side of the limit block 10 is slidably disposed on the top of the rotating platform 7. The end of the limit block 10 away from the bidirectional lead screw 9 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod 11. The two ends of the guide rod 11 are fixed to the inner sidewall of the slide groove 12. An elastic bellows is nested on the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw 9. The slide groove 12 is opened on both sides of the top of the rotating platform 7. The two sets of limit blocks 10 are arranged opposite to each other along the moving direction of the bidirectional lead screw 9. The bottom of the rotating platform 7 away from the rotation point is attached to the top of the support bar 102. The lower end of the rotating platform 7 is provided with There is a locking mechanism, the protruding end of which is embedded in a pre-set hole in the support bar 102; the locking mechanism includes an elastic airbag 13 nested on the outside of the guide rod 11, the end of the elastic airbag 13 is connected to the limiting part 15 through the air supply pipe 14, the limiting part 15 includes a fixed cylinder 151 fixed to the bottom of the rotating table 7, the inside of the fixed cylinder 151 is connected to the locking rod 153 through the connecting spring 152; the locking rod 153 protrudes from the outside of the fixed cylinder 151 and can be embedded in the inside of the support bar 102, the elastic force of the elastic airbag 13 is greater than the elastic force of the connecting spring 152.
[0025] After placing the workpiece to be processed on the top of the rotating table 7, the fixed motor 8 is started through the control panel 2. The fixed motor 8 drives the bidirectional lead screw 9 to rotate. The bidirectional lead screw 9 drives the limit blocks 10 connected by threads on both sides to slide relative to the guide rod 11 along the slide groove 12 until the limit blocks 10 fit against the side wall of the workpiece, thus completing the adaptive clamping of workpieces of different sizes. During the movement of the limit blocks 10, the elastic air bladder 13 on the outside of the guide rod 11 is squeezed. The gas in the elastic air bladder 13 is transported to the fixed cylinder 151 of the limit part 15 through the air supply pipe 14. Since the elastic force of the elastic air bladder 13 is greater than the elastic force of the connecting spring 152, the gas pressure pushes the clamping rod 153 out of the fixed cylinder 151 and into the preset hole of the support bar 102, thereby locking and fixing the rotating table 7. Then, the longitudinal moving part 3, the transverse moving part 4 and the vertical moving part 5 are controlled by the control panel 2 to move together, thereby driving the processing part 6 to adjust to the designated processing position and perform stable processing on the workpiece.
[0026] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure, comprising a worktable body (1) and a movable part movably disposed on the top of the worktable body (1), wherein the actuator of the movable part acts on the outside of the machining part (6) for adjusting the position of the machining part (6) on the top of the worktable body (1), and a control panel (2) is mounted on the surface of the worktable body (1) for controlling the start and stop of the movable part and the machining part (6), characterized in that: A rotating platform (7) is rotatably mounted on the top of the workbench body (1). A fixed motor (8) is fixed to the side wall of the rotating platform (7). An adaptive limiting mechanism is connected to the output end of the fixed motor (8). The inner side of the adaptive limiting mechanism is used to fit against the side wall of the workpiece to achieve adaptive clamping. A cleaning part is provided at the bottom of the rotating platform (7). The cleaning part includes a sweeping mechanism and an air jet cleaning mechanism. The sweeping mechanism includes a cleaning strip (18) that fits against the top of the workbench body (1). The bottom outer side of the cleaning strip (18) fits against the top of the workbench body (1). The air jet cleaning mechanism includes air jets (23) opened on both sides of the bottom of the cleaning strip (18). The air jets (23) face the top of the workbench body (1) and are used to clean the debris on the top of the workbench body (1).
2. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the workbench body (1) is provided with several sets of drainage ports (101), and a support bar (102) is fixed at one end of the workbench body (1) away from the rotating part of the rotating table (7).
3. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving part includes a longitudinal moving part (3) installed at the bottom of the worktable body (1). The working end of the longitudinal moving part (3) is connected to the bottom outer side of the transverse moving part (4). The working end of the transverse moving part (4) is fixed to one side of the vertical moving part (5). The execution end of the vertical moving part (5) is fixed to the outer side of the processing part (6).
4. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive limiting mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw (9) fixedly connected to the output end of a fixed motor (8). Limiting blocks (10) are threadedly connected to the left and right sides of the bidirectional lead screw (9). The outer side of the limiting block (10) is slidably disposed on the top of the rotating table (7). The end of the limiting block (10) away from the bidirectional lead screw (9) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod (11). The two ends of the guide rod (11) are fixed to the inner sidewall of the slide groove (12).
5. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side of the bidirectional lead screw (9) is nested with an elastic bellows, and the slide groove (12) is opened on both sides of the top of the rotating table (7). The two sets of limiting blocks (10) are arranged opposite to each other along the moving direction of the bidirectional lead screw (9).
6. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotating platform (7) away from the rotation point is attached to the top of the support bar (102). The lower end of the rotating platform (7) is provided with a locking mechanism. The protruding end of the locking mechanism is embedded in the pre-set hole of the support bar (102). The locking mechanism includes an elastic airbag (13) nested on the outside of the guide rod (11). The end of the elastic airbag (13) is connected to the limiting part (15) through the air supply pipe (14). The limiting part (15) includes a fixing cylinder (151) fixed to the bottom of the rotating platform (7). The inside of the fixing cylinder (151) is connected to the locking rod (153) through the connecting spring (152).
7. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the lever (153) extending out of the fixed cylinder (151) can be embedded inside the support bar (102), and the elastic force of the elastic airbag (13) is greater than the elastic force of the connecting spring (152).
8. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism also includes a connecting block (16) fixed to the bottom of the rotating table (7). A movable rod (17) is rotatably arranged on the inner side of the connecting block (16). The lower end of the movable rod (17) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the cleaning strip (18). The inner sides of the front and rear ends of the cleaning strip (18) are slidably arranged on the outer side of the guide rail (22). The two ends of the guide rail (22) are fixed to the top of the workbench body (1). The length of the cleaning strip (18) is greater than the length of the front and rear support bars (102).
9. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet cleaning mechanism also includes a piston rod (19) fixed to the outer end of the cleaning strip (18). The outer end of the piston rod (19) is slidably disposed inside the air cylinder (20). The outer end of the air cylinder (20) is fixed to the top side of the workbench body (1). The end of the piston rod (19) is provided with a one-way air outlet (21). The outer end of the one-way air outlet (21) is connected to the jet nozzle (23).
10. A CNC lathe with an adaptive clamping structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The piston rod (19) and the cleaning strip (18) have a hollow structure inside. A rubber ring is nested on the outside of the piston rod (19). The outside of the rubber ring is attached to the inner wall of the air cylinder (20). A one-way air inlet is provided at the outer end of the air cylinder (20).