Device and method for processing flow channel in liquid cooling plate

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for processing a flow channel in a liquid cooling plate, and belongs to the technical field of water cooling plates. The upper portion of a functional portion is in bolt connection with a mandrel, an annular groove is formed in the middle of the functional portion, and a longitudinal welding portion is formed at the bottom of the annular groove; an upper shaft shoulder and a lower shaft shoulder are correspondingly arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the welding part respectively; and an end milling part is arranged at the lower part of the lower shaft shoulder. The runner is excellent in quality, and through the synergistic effect of vertical tooth cutting and spiral pushing, the inner wall of the runner is smooth, the cover face is compact, and welding defects such as air holes and cracks do not exist; and meanwhile, the continuous flushing of the cooling liquid avoids chip residues, the surface roughness of the flow channel is low, and the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an internal flow channel processing device and method, belonging to the field of water-cooled plate technology. Background Technology

[0002] Heat dissipation performance is one of the core factors limiting the performance improvement of various key equipment. Compared with traditional air cooling technology, water cooling, with its higher heat dissipation efficiency, can effectively meet the lightweight design requirements of key equipment. Therefore, water-cooled plates, as core heat dissipation components, are widely used in various high-end equipment fields. The traditional liquid cooling plate cooling channel preparation generally adopts the process mode of "prefabricated channel + welded cover plate". This process is cumbersome, has low processing efficiency, and inevitably suffers from welding deformation. For the cover plate welding process, traditional fusion welding is prone to porosity defects, affecting the channel sealing and product reliability. If friction stir welding is used for the cover plate, steps for cover plate installation must be reserved on both sides of the channel. During the welding process, the cover plate is prone to deformation and displacement, affecting the welding quality and increasing subsequent correction processes and production costs.

[0003] Friction stir tunneling technology is a flow channel processing technology derived from friction stir welding. Its principle involves inserting a stirring pin into the substrate and using the rotation of the thread to drive the material towards the shoulder, depositing it in the pre-reserved gap between the shoulder and the workpiece surface, thus forming a continuous single tunnel, or flow channel, within the metal material. Currently, this technology can be applied to non-ferrous metal materials such as aluminum and copper plates. For example, publication number CN121423799A, entitled "A Friction Stir Tunneling Device and Method for Enhancing Load-Bearing Performance," discloses that tunnel formation depends on the upward overflow of material. Its focus is on adjustable tunnel height per pass. However, its disadvantages include significant influence from process parameters and tool morphology, resulting in numerous limitations. Therefore, the existing technology has the following problems:

[0004] 1. The requirements for machining tool design are stringent, and it is necessary to repeatedly explore suitable process parameters, making the machining process quite difficult; 2. The size of the formed tunnel is limited, which cannot meet the processing requirements of large-size flow channels; 3. High surface roughness of the flow channel affects the smoothness of coolant flow, thereby reducing heat dissipation efficiency; 4. It can only process single flow channels and cannot prepare complex flow channels such as intersecting flow channels and merging flow channels, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a device and method for processing internal flow channels in liquid-cooled plates to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, an apparatus and method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate are provided. A brief overview of the invention is given below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive summary of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or essential parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention: A liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device includes: a mandrel and a functional part; The upper part of the functional part is bolted to the mandrel, and the middle part of the functional part is provided with an annular groove. The bottom of the annular groove forms a longitudinal welding part (welding part stirring needle). The upper and lower ends of the welding part are provided with two transverse surfaces that are annular grooves, and the upper and lower shaft shoulders are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the welding part. The lower part of the lower shoulder is provided with an end milling part.

[0008] Preferably, the diameters of the end milled portion, the upper shoulder, and the lower shoulder are larger than the diameter of the welded portion.

[0009] Preferably, the upper part of the mandrel is a clamping part, the lower part of the mandrel has a mandrel liquid inlet cavity, the side of the mandrel is provided with a mandrel liquid inlet communicating with the mandrel liquid inlet cavity, and the liquid outlet at the lower end of the mandrel liquid inlet cavity is connected to the functional part.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end of the functional part is provided with a liquid inlet chamber, the spindle of the functional part is provided with a stirring needle liquid inlet chamber, and the end milling part side blade water outlet is provided between the lower shoulder and the end milling part. The liquid inlet chamber and the mandrel liquid inlet chamber are correspondingly connected and connected. The liquid inlet chamber is connected to the water outlet through the stirring needle liquid inlet chamber, so that water is discharged from the side. While the chip welding is cooling down, the centrifugal force is used to increase the water pressure to achieve flushing and grinding of the inner wall of the flow channel. The synchronous integrated operation reduces costs and improves work efficiency and work quality.

[0011] Preferably, the lower end face of the mandrel is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed threaded holes at the end of the mandrel, the functional part is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed stepped through holes, a sealing ring is provided between the functional part and the mandrel end sealing groove, the stepped through holes are correspondingly provided with the threaded holes at the end of the mandrel, the bolt passes through the stepped through holes and is threadedly connected to the threaded holes at the end of the mandrel, and the threaded nut is pressed against the step of the stepped through hole.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes: a stationary bushing; the outer side of the mandrel is fitted with a stationary bushing; the stationary bushing has an annular liquid storage cavity communicating with the liquid inlet of the mandrel, and the side of the annular liquid storage cavity is provided with a bushing liquid inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the stationary bushing are respectively provided with an upper mounting cavity and a lower mounting cavity. The upper positioning groove of the upper mounting cavity is fastened to the outer ring of the upper bearing, and the lower positioning groove of the lower mounting cavity is fastened to the outer ring of the lower bearing. The upper and lower sides of the annular liquid storage cavity are provided with a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring. The annular liquid storage cavity and the liquid inlet of the mandrel are sealed by the sealing rings on both sides. The inner ring of the upper bearing and the inner ring of the lower bearing are fastened to the mandrel. The upper side of the mandrel has a retaining flange, and the lower end of the mandrel has an external thread. The radial locking nut is screwed into the external thread of the mandrel end, so that the radial locking nut presses against the inner ring of the lower bearing, and the retaining flange presses against the inner ring of the upper bearing, thus realizing a sealed water-transporting rotary connection between the mandrel and the stationary bushing.

[0014] Preferably, the end milled portion has a uniformly distributed vertical tooth structure, and the upper shoulder has a disc-shaped structure with an inward concave angle.

[0015] A method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate, using the aforementioned processing apparatus for internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fit the clamping part of the mandrel with the main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and fix it with screws; Step 2: Based on the flow channel design requirements, determine the diameter and height of the end cutting section, the height of the stirring pin, the travel speed, the rotation speed, and the termination position; Step 3: Start the equipment to make the mandrel drive the shoulder and end cutting part of the functional part to rotate at high speed and move at a constant speed along the preset trajectory; Step 4: During the process, the friction between the welded part (threaded structure) of the stirring needle and the material causes the cover material to achieve thermoplasticization. The rotation of the stirring needle causes the cover material to fully fuse, forming a dense flow channel cover behind the stirring needle. The upper shoulder simultaneously compacts the surface material to ensure that the cover is free of pores. Step 5: The vertical teeth of the end cutting part cut the material into chips. At the same time, the coolant supply system is turned on. The coolant enters the internal cooling hole through the off-shaft inlet at a flow rate of 1-15L / min and flows out from the side cutting edge outlet to wash away the chips and cool the tool and workpiece, thereby reducing the welding heat input. Step Six: After the device reaches the termination position, stop moving and rotating, shut off the coolant supply, and complete the preparation of the integrated internal flow channel.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes processing multiple flow channels converging or crossing, with each flow channel employing the method and apparatus described in steps one to six, including the following steps: Step 1: When processing multiple flow channels converging or crossing, first process the main flow channel. After the device travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it is lifted up and detached from the substrate, and then moved to the starting point of the branch flow channel. Step 2: The device is lowered and the branch flow channels are processed according to the set parameters and trajectory. When it reaches the confluence or intersection point, since the diameter of the cutting part is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, the flow channels flow first or the flow channels under the cover are connected first when confluenced. The lower shoulder supports the cover material and the welding of the confluence point is completed under the action of the stirring pin. Step 3: The device moves along the trajectory away from the confluence point, travels to the end of the branch flow channel, and is lifted up to detach from the substrate to complete the processing; Or in step 1, when multiple flow channels converge or cross, the device processes the main flow channel according to preset parameters and trajectory until it reaches the endpoint; Step 2: After the processing tool travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it travels in the opposite direction to the first meeting point. During the travel, the lower shoulder supports the cover material to prevent the cover material from collapsing. The cover material is re-welded under the action of the stirring needle to keep it dense. Step 3: After reaching the confluence point, the processing tool (device) proceeds along the subsequent trajectory of the first branch flow channel to complete the processing of the first branch flow channel; Step 4: Subsequent branch flow channels are processed according to the above processing method. This method has only one bottom knot and one top lifting point, which can ensure processing quality.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention features low heat input and minimal deformation. The internal cooling hole penetrates the rotating shaft and stirring pin, and finally exits from the side blade outlet, carrying away the heat near the rear cover. The heat input is small, the material is almost undeformed, and no subsequent correction operation is required. The upper shaft shoulder fits snugly against the workpiece surface with no downward pressure or excess height, resulting in a smooth machined surface that does not require subsequent milling.

[0018] 2. This invention supports the processing of complex flow channels. It can realize the processing of intersecting and converging flow channels, breaking through the limitations of traditional friction stirring tunnel forming technology and meeting the complex flow channel design requirements of high-performance liquid cooling plates.

[0019] 3. This invention has high processing efficiency, simplified process, and integrated welding and milling single-step forming process. It eliminates the need for prefabricated channels and welding cover plates, which greatly shortens the production cycle of liquid cooling plates, reduces process and equipment investment, and lowers production costs.

[0020] 4. The flow channel of this invention has excellent quality. The synergistic effect of vertical tooth cutting and spiral pushing makes the inner wall of the flow channel smooth and the cover surface dense, free from welding defects such as pores and cracks. At the same time, the continuous flushing of the coolant avoids chip residue, and the surface roughness of the flow channel is low, which significantly improves the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate.

[0021] 5. The tool of this invention has a long service life and strong adaptability. The internal cooling system continuously cools the tool, reduces the tool processing temperature, and greatly extends the service life of the carbide cutting head and stirring pin. The modular structure design allows for quick replacement of cutting heads and welding parts of different specifications, and is suitable for processing liquid-cooled plates of different sizes and materials. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a liquid cooling plate internal flow channel processing device. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0024] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing apparatus, comprising: a mandrel 1 and a functional unit 3; The upper part of the functional part 3 is bolted to the spindle 1, which facilitates disassembly, maintenance and model replacement. The middle part of the functional part 3 is provided with an annular groove, and the bottom of the annular groove forms a longitudinal welding part 36 (welding part stirring needle). The welding part 36 has two transverse surfaces that are annular grooves at its upper and lower ends. The upper shaft shoulder 37 and the lower shaft shoulder 38 are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the welding part 36. The threaded structure of the outer contour of the welding part 36 is used for cover welding to close the material on the travel path of the stirring needle. The lower part of the lower shoulder 38 is provided with an end milling part 35; This invention focuses on the high-standard preparation of flow channels of specific dimensions. It separates the tunnel generation part and the cover welding part. During the processing, the tunnel generation part cuts and separates the material, which is then discharged from the rear tunnel hole after being flushed by the flowing liquid. The shape of the tunnel is only related to the diameter of the end milling part, which can achieve the preparation of tunnels with more regular shapes. The quality of the forming is only related to the process parameters of the welding part. The process parameters have a wide range and are less affected by the tool shape, making it easy to achieve the expected shape. Moreover, the shape of the tunnel can be precisely controlled.

[0025] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid cooling plate internal flow channel processing device. The diameters of the end milling part 35, the upper shoulder 37, and the lower shoulder 38 are larger than the diameter of the welding part 36. The external thread parameters of the welding part stirring pin 36 can be adjusted according to processing requirements. The thread parameters include pitch and thread depth, which are used to adapt to the processing of substrates of different thicknesses and materials.

[0026] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device. The upper part of the mandrel 1 is a clamping part 11, which is used to connect with the main spindle of the processing equipment. It is fixed to the processing main spindle by screws to realize power transmission and torque transmission. The lower part of the mandrel 1 has a mandrel liquid inlet cavity 13. The side of the mandrel 1 is provided with a mandrel liquid inlet 12 communicating with the mandrel liquid inlet cavity 13. The liquid outlet at the lower end of the mandrel liquid inlet cavity 13 of the mandrel 1 is connected to the functional part 3.

[0027] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device. The upper end of the functional unit 3 is provided with a functional unit liquid inlet chamber 32. A stirring needle liquid inlet chamber 33 is provided at the axis of the functional unit 3. An end milling section side edge water outlet 34 is provided between the lower shoulder 38 and the end milling section 35. The liquid inlet chamber 32 is correspondingly connected to the mandrel liquid inlet chamber 13, and the liquid inlet chamber 32 is connected to the water outlet 34 through the stirring needle liquid inlet chamber 33. The end milling section 35 is located at the bottom of the device, and its side edge has an water outlet 34, which communicates with the stirring needle liquid inlet chamber 33. A cooling mode with off-axis water supply and center water outlet is achieved; the diameter of the end face of the end milling part is larger than the diameter of the stirring needle; after the coolant enters the processing device from the external cooling system, it flows sequentially through the bushing inlet 26, the annular storage chamber 25, the mandrel inlet 12, the mandrel inlet chamber 13, the functional part inlet chamber 32, and the stirring needle inlet chamber 33, and finally flows out from the side edge outlet 34 of the end milling part. While cooling the chips during welding, the centrifugal force is used to increase the water pressure to achieve scouring and polishing of the inner wall of the flow channel. The synchronous integrated operation reduces costs and improves work efficiency and work quality.

[0028] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device. The lower end face of the mandrel 1 is provided with several circumferentially distributed threaded holes 17 at the mandrel end. The functional part 3 is provided with several circumferentially distributed stepped through holes 31. A sealing ring is provided between the functional part 3 and the mandrel end sealing groove 16 of the mandrel 1. The stepped through holes 31 correspond to the threaded holes 17 at the mandrel end. Bolts pass through the stepped through holes 31 and are threadedly connected to the threaded holes 17 at the mandrel end. The threaded nut is pressed against the step of the stepped through hole. The functional part 3 is connected to the lower part of the mandrel 1. Several threaded holes 31 are circumferentially arranged on the upper end face of the functional part 3, corresponding to the threaded holes 17 at the mandrel end. The functional part 3 is fixed to the mandrel 1 by screws. An internal cooling hole is provided inside the functional part 3, communicating with the liquid inlet chamber 12 of the mandrel. The threaded structure is used for cover welding, so that the material on the path of the stirring needle is closed.

[0029] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figure 1This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device, which further includes: a stationary bushing 2; the stationary bushing 2 is fitted on the outer side of the mandrel 1; the stationary bushing 2 has an annular liquid storage cavity 25 communicating with the mandrel liquid inlet 12, and the side of the annular liquid storage cavity 25 is provided with a bushing liquid inlet 26; the stationary bushing 2 and the mandrel 1 are rotated together, which is a single-step forming processing device.

[0030] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device. An upper mounting cavity 21 and a lower mounting cavity 22 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of a stationary bushing 2. The upper positioning groove 211 of the upper mounting cavity 21 is fastened to the outer ring of the upper bearing 212, and the lower positioning groove 221 of the lower mounting cavity 22 is fastened to the outer ring of the lower bearing 222. A first sealing ring 23 and a second sealing ring 24 are provided on the upper and lower sides of an annular liquid storage cavity 25. The annular liquid storage cavity 25 corresponds to the mandrel inlet 12 via... The sealing rings on both sides are used for sealing. The inner rings of the upper bearing 212 and the lower bearing 222 are fastened to the spindle 1. The stationary bushing 2 is coaxially engaged with the spindle 1 through the upper bearing 212 and the lower bearing 222 respectively. It is used to connect with the external coolant supply equipment and plays the role of sealing and guiding the coolant. The spindle 1, the stationary bushing 2, and the functional part 3 are all provided with interconnected internal cooling holes to form a through internal cooling channel. The coolant flows through each component in sequence and then flows out from the water outlet 34 on the side edge of the end milling part. The upper side of the mandrel 1 has a retaining flange, and the lower end of the mandrel 1 has a mandrel end external thread 14. The radial locking nut 15 is screwed into the mandrel end external thread 14, so that the radial locking nut 15 presses against the inner ring of the lower bearing 222, and the retaining flange presses against the inner ring of the upper bearing 212, thereby realizing a sealed water supply rotational connection between the mandrel 1 and the stationary bushing 2.

[0031] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device, wherein the end milling part 35 has 10-50 evenly distributed vertical teeth with a tooth height of 1-4mm and a tooth width of 2-5mm, which can cut the material into chips during rotation. The upper shoulder is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 12-30 mm and an inward concave angle of 3-10°. It is coaxially fixed to the upper part of the welded part and is used to compact the surface material during processing to ensure the density and flatness of the flow channel cover.

[0032] Specific Implementation Method Nine: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate, using a liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing apparatus as described in any one of embodiments one through eight, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the clamping part 11 of the mandrel to the main shaft of the friction stir welding machine and fix it with screws; Step 2: Based on the flow channel design requirements, determine the diameter and height of the end cutting section, the height of the stirring pin (including the welding section to the end milling section), the travel speed, the rotation speed, and the termination position. Step 3: Start the equipment so that the spindle 1 drives the shoulder and end cutting part of the functional part 3 to rotate at high speed and move at a constant speed along the preset trajectory; at the same time, turn on the coolant supply system. Step 4: During the process, the friction between the welded part (threaded structure) of the stirring needle and the material causes the cover material to achieve thermoplasticization. The rotation of the stirring needle causes the cover material to fully fuse, forming a dense flow channel cover behind the stirring needle. The upper shoulder 37 simultaneously compacts the surface material to ensure that the cover is free of pores. Step 5: The vertical teeth of the end cutting section cut the material into chips. Coolant enters the internal cooling hole through the off-shaft inlet at a flow rate of 1-15L / min and flows out from the side cutting outlet to wash away the chips and cool the tool and workpiece, reducing the welding heat input. Step Six: After the device reaches the termination position, stop moving and rotating, shut off the coolant supply, and complete the preparation of the integrated internal flow channel; In the single-step forming process, the spindle drives the entire device to rotate and move along the preset flow channel trajectory. The end milling part 35 mills to form the basic groove. The coolant flushes out the cutting debris from the through-type internal cooling channel. At the same time, the thread structure of the stirring pin 36 matches the rotation direction of the spindle to promote the welding of the cover surface (the right-hand thread matches the counterclockwise rotation of the spindle, and the left-hand thread matches the clockwise rotation of the spindle to achieve integrated sealing of the flow channel). In the parameter setting step, the spindle speed is set and the thread parameters and coolant supply pressure and flow rate are adjusted according to the thickness, material and internal flow channel size and shape of the aluminum alloy substrate.

[0033] Specific Implementation Method Ten: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate, which further includes processing multiple flow channels converging or crossing. Each flow channel in the multiple flow channels is processed using the method and apparatus described in steps one to six, and includes the following steps: Step 1: When processing multiple flow channels converging or crossing, first process the main flow channel. After the device travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it is lifted up and detached from the substrate, and then moved to the starting point of the branch flow channel. Step 2: The device is lowered and the branch flow channel is processed according to the set parameters and trajectory. When it reaches the confluence or intersection point, since the diameter of the cutting part is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, the cover flow channel is connected first when confluenced. The lower shoulder supports the cover material and the welding of the confluence point is completed under the action of the stirring pin. Step 3: The device moves along the trajectory away from the confluence point, travels to the end of the branch flow channel, and is lifted up to detach from the substrate to complete the processing; Or in step 1, when multiple flow channels converge or cross, the device processes the main flow channel according to preset parameters and trajectory until it reaches the endpoint; Step 2: After the processing tool travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it travels in the opposite direction to the first meeting point. During the travel, the lower shoulder supports the cover material to prevent the cover material from collapsing. The cover material is re-welded under the action of the stirring needle to keep it dense. Step 3: After reaching the confluence point, the processing tool (the device) proceeds along the subsequent trajectory of the first branch flow channel to complete the processing of the first branch flow channel; Step 4: Subsequent branch flow channels are processed according to the above processing method. This method has only one bottom knot and one top lifting point, which can ensure processing quality. In this invention, the separation of the tunnel generation part and the cover welding part allows for the fabrication of flow channels with intersecting or overlapping trajectories, and the morphology of the tunnels at the intersections can be guaranteed. The specific operation method is described in detail in the text, while the prior art does not involve how to fabricate tunnels with intersecting morphologies. This invention has a wider range of process parameters, the morphology of the tunnels is more regular, it can fabricate intersecting tunnels, and it is more suitable for mass production of flow channels of specific dimensions.

[0034] Example 1: Combination Figure 1 The device shown is a liquid cooling plate internal flow channel processing device. The clamping part 11 of the upper part of the mandrel 1 is fixed to the rotating spindle by screws to ensure high coaxiality and torque transmission. The lower part is connected to the welding part by M3-M6 thread, which facilitates quick replacement of welding heads of different specifications. The stationary bushing 2 uses a bearing and a spindle coaxially coupled to keep the outer stationary bushing stationary while the spindle rotates, ensuring a stable coolant supply. A rotating shaft lip seal (skeleton oil seal) is used to seal between the two, effectively preventing coolant leakage and improving sealing reliability. The stationary bushing is equipped with a φ6-φ20 water inlet interface, which connects to an external coolant supply device to achieve a continuous coolant supply, while also serving to seal and guide the coolant, ensuring a stable and controllable cooling effect. The upper end face of the functional part 3 and the lower end face of the spindle 1 remain relatively stationary during rotation, and are sealed with an O-ring seal. The upper end face of the end milling part and the shoulder of the functional part form a double shoulder structure, which facilitates the welding of the cover; the outer contour of the stirring pin has a threaded structure, which rotates with the main shaft to promote the downward flow of material and form a dense flow channel cover. The cutting part consists of 10-50 evenly distributed vertical teeth with a tooth height of 1-4mm and a tooth width of 2-5mm, which can cut the material into chips during rotation. The upper shoulder is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 12-30 mm and an inward concave angle of 3-10°. It is coaxially fixed to the upper part of the welded part and is used to compact the surface material during the processing to ensure the density and flatness of the flow channel cover. The mandrel 1, stationary bushing 2, and functional part 3 are all provided with interconnected internal cooling holes, which together form a through-type internal cooling channel. The flow path of the coolant is: external supply equipment → stationary bushing inlet → annular storage chamber → mandrel inlet → mandrel inlet chamber → functional part inlet chamber → stirring needle inlet chamber → end milling part side blade outlet, so as to realize the simultaneous cooling of the milling part structure, chip removal and welding heat input reduction, thereby improving processing efficiency and product quality. The mandrel inlet chamber 13 is a blind hole with a diameter of φ4-φ20, which connects to the functional part from the spindle inlet. The end cutting part is provided with 4-8 side cutting water outlet holes 34 with a diameter of φ1.5-φ4, which are evenly distributed in the circumference. The coolant is transported through the internal cooling hole and flows out from the side cutting water outlet hole, realizing the synergistic effect of cooling and chip removal. The chips are flushed out from the inner flow channel behind the travel trajectory. The stationary bushing has an internal mounting groove for installing the first skeleton sealing ring 23 and the second skeleton sealing ring 24 to prevent coolant from leaking from the gap between the stationary bushing 2 and the spindle 1; the stationary bushing 2 has a liquid inlet 26 for connecting to an external coolant supply device, which serves to seal and guide the coolant.

[0035] The single-step forming process is as follows: Clamping and debugging: Connect and lock the clamping part 11 of the mandrel 1 to the main shaft of the friction stir welding machine, and connect the side shaft inlet 26 of the stationary bushing 2 to the external coolant supply equipment. Parameter settings: Based on the thickness, material, and internal flow channel size and shape of the aluminum alloy substrate, set the spindle speed to 400-1500 rpm and the travel speed to 20-500 mm / min. Adjust the thread parameters of the welding part 36 and set the coolant supply pressure to 0.5-10 MPa and the flow rate to 0.5-15 L / min. Start processing: The spindle drives the entire device to rotate and move along the preset flow channel trajectory. The end milling part 35 mills to form the basic groove. The coolant flushes out the cutting chips from the through-type internal cooling channel. At the same time, the thread structure of the stirring pin matches the rotation direction of the spindle to promote the welding of the cover surface (the right-hand thread matches the counterclockwise rotation of the spindle, and the left-hand thread matches the clockwise rotation of the spindle), realizing the integrated sealing of the flow channel; Processing complete: After the tool reaches the end position, it stops moving and rotating, the coolant supply is turned off, and the tool is lifted vertically to detach from the substrate, thus completing the fabrication of the integrated internal flow channel; When different sizes of flow channels need to be processed, this can be achieved by replacing the functional part 3 with different specifications; when disassembling the functional part 3, it can be quickly replaced simply by unscrewing the fixing screws, without the need for overall disassembly and assembly tools, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency.

[0036] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions are not contradictory, they can be permuted and combined. Those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities based on the mathematical knowledge of permutation and combination. Therefore, the present invention will not describe the technical solutions after permutation and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after permutation and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing device for internal flow channels of a liquid-cooled plate, characterized in that: include: The upper part of the functional part (3) is connected to the spindle (1), and the middle part of the functional part (3) is provided with a welding part (36). The upper shaft shoulder (37) and the lower shaft shoulder (38) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the welded part (36); The lower part of the lower shoulder (38) is provided with an end milling part (35).

2. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the end milled part (35) is larger than the diameter of the welded part (36).

3. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the mandrel (1) is a clamping part (11), the lower part of the mandrel (1) has a mandrel inlet cavity (13), the side of the mandrel (1) is provided with a mandrel inlet port (12) that communicates with the mandrel inlet cavity (13), and the lower end of the mandrel inlet cavity (13) of the mandrel (1) is connected to the functional part (3).

4. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the functional part (3) is provided with a liquid inlet chamber (32), the shaft center of the functional part (3) is provided with a stirring needle liquid inlet chamber (33), and the lower shaft shoulder (38) and the end milling part (35) are provided with a water outlet (34). The liquid inlet chamber (32) is correspondingly provided with the spindle liquid inlet chamber (13), and the liquid inlet chamber (32) is connected to the water outlet (34) through the stirring needle liquid inlet chamber (33).

5. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end face of the mandrel (1) is provided with several circumferentially distributed threaded holes (17) at the end of the mandrel. The functional part (3) is provided with several circumferentially distributed stepped through holes (31). A sealing ring is provided between the functional part (3) and the mandrel end sealing groove (16) of the mandrel (1). The stepped through holes (31) are correspondingly provided with the threaded holes (17) at the end of the mandrel. After the bolt passes through the stepped through holes (31), it is threadedly connected to the threaded holes (17) at the end of the mandrel. The nut of the thread is pressed on the step of the stepped through hole.

6. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side of the mandrel (1) is fitted with a stationary bushing (2); the stationary bushing (2) has an annular liquid storage cavity (25) that communicates with the mandrel liquid inlet (12), and the side of the annular liquid storage cavity (25) is provided with a bushing liquid inlet (26).

7. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper and lower sides of the stationary bushing (2) are respectively provided with an upper mounting cavity (21) and a lower mounting cavity (22). The upper positioning groove (211) of the upper mounting cavity (21) is connected to the outer ring of the upper bearing (212), and the lower positioning groove (221) of the lower mounting cavity (22) is connected to the outer ring of the lower bearing (222). The upper and lower sides of the annular liquid storage cavity (25) are provided with a first sealing ring (23) and a second sealing ring (24). The inner ring of the upper bearing (212) and the inner ring of the lower bearing (222) are connected to the spindle (1). The upper side of the mandrel (1) has a retaining edge, and the lower end of the mandrel (1) has a mandrel end external thread (14). The radial locking nut (15) is engaged with the mandrel end external thread (14). The radial locking nut (15) presses against the inner ring of the lower bearing (222), and the retaining edge presses against the inner ring of the upper bearing (212).

8. The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end milling part (35) is a uniformly distributed vertical tooth structure, and the upper shoulder (37) is a disc-shaped structure with an inner concave angle.

9. A method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate, characterized in that: The liquid-cooled plate internal flow channel processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Fit the clamping part (11) of the mandrel with the spindle of the friction stir welding machine; Step 2: Based on the flow channel design requirements, determine the diameter and height of the end cutting section, the height of the stirring pin, the travel speed, the rotation speed, and the termination position; Step 3: Start the equipment so that the spindle (1) drives the functional part (3) to rotate at high speed and move at a constant speed along the preset trajectory; at the same time, turn on the coolant supply system; Step 4: During the process, the friction between the welding part of the stirring needle and the material causes the cover material to achieve thermoplasticization. The rotation of the stirring needle causes the cover material to fully fuse, forming a dense flow channel cover behind the stirring needle. The upper shoulder (37) simultaneously compacts the surface material to ensure that the cover is free of pores. Step 5: Material cutting. Coolant is flushed out from the side blade outlet to remove chips and cool the tool and workpiece, reducing welding heat input. Step 6: After reaching the termination position, stop moving and rotating, turn off the coolant supply, and complete the preparation of the integrated internal flow channel.

10. A method for processing internal flow channels in a liquid-cooled plate according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes processing where multiple flow channels converge or cross, including the following steps: Step 1: First, process the main flow channel. After the device travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it is lifted up and detached from the substrate, and then moved to the starting point of the branch flow channel. Step 2: The device is lowered and the branch flow channels are processed according to the set parameters and trajectory. When it reaches the confluence or intersection point, since the diameter of the cutting part is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, the flow channels flow first or the flow channels under the cover are connected first when confluenced. The lower shoulder supports the cover material and the welding of the confluence point is completed under the action of the stirring pin. Step 3: The device moves along the trajectory away from the confluence point, travels to the end of the branch flow channel, and is lifted up to detach from the substrate to complete the processing; Or in step 1, when multiple flow channels converge or cross, the device processes the main flow channel according to preset parameters and trajectory until it reaches the endpoint; Step 2: After the processing tool travels along the preset trajectory to the end point, it travels in the opposite direction to the first meeting point. During the travel, the lower shoulder supports the cover material to prevent the cover material from collapsing. The cover material is re-welded under the action of the stirring needle to keep it dense. Step 3: After reaching the confluence point, the machining tool proceeds along the subsequent trajectory of the first branch flow channel to complete the machining of the first branch flow channel; Step 4: Subsequent branch flow channels are processed according to the above processing method. This method has only one bottom knot and one top lifting point to ensure processing quality.

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