Method for manufacturing electromagnetic component with specified dielectric constant through 3D printing

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an electromagnetic component with a specified dielectric constant through 3D printing, and relates to the technical field of electronic device manufacturing, and the method comprises the following steps: determining the working frequency and the size of a metamaterial unit; establishing a theoretical relationship between the dielectric constant and the material volume ratio; selecting a specific structure of the metamaterial unit; the volume ratio is regulated and controlled by changing structural parameters; manufacturing a sample by using a 3D printing technology and testing a dielectric constant; establishing a function relationship between the structural parameters and the dielectric constants; structure parameter values of electromagnetic components with required dielectric constants are reversely deduced according to the function relation; according to the method, the dielectric constant value required according to the application scene can be accurately realized, the method is suitable for the communication field, the military field and the navigation field, the wall thickness size of the material structure in the metamaterial unit can be conveniently obtained, then a model is modeled, and the method has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate and high in practicability. And the electromagnetic component with the required specified dielectric constant is produced by using a 3D printing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic device manufacturing technology, specifically a method for manufacturing electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic components with specified dielectric constants are a class of components whose dielectric constants are precisely controlled by adjusting the dielectric constant of multi-component mixed materials. For electronic devices that achieve specific electromagnetic functions, the dielectric constant, as a physical quantity describing the material's ability to store charge in an electric field, directly affects the key performance characteristics of the device, such as capacitance, impedance, and signal transmission. 3D printing provides a new paradigm for the manufacture of electromagnetic components with specified dielectric constants through the coordinated control of materials and structures. Its core lies in integrating dielectric performance design into the printing process, achieving a leap from static parameter customization to dynamic functional control. Current existing technologies include: multi-material 3D printing electromagnetic coil technology, micro-nano 3D printing integrated optical systems, and co-reactive 3D printing technology. Among them, the electromagnetic coil 3D printing technology developed by MIT achieves integrated molding of electromagnets by modifying a multi-material printer to simultaneously deposit dielectric, conductive, and soft magnetic materials. This technology eliminates the errors of traditional step-by-step assembly. The micro-nano 3D printing method proposed by Zhengzhou University of Light Industry achieves integrated molding of optical components through precision motion modules and visual monitoring, avoiding the dimensional errors of traditional assembly. By independently controlling the mixing ratio of two reactive components, the dynamic adjustment of material properties is achieved.

[0003] Current 3D printing technologies for electromagnetic components (such as the MIT solution) do not achieve real-time dynamic adjustment of dielectric parameters during the printing process, resulting in insufficient control of the dielectric constant and limiting device performance. Co-reactive printing is only applicable to specific chemical systems and is difficult to be compatible with the complex requirements of electromagnetic functional materials, thus limiting material compatibility. Micro-nano printing technology relies on precise alignment and monitoring, resulting in high process complexity, which increases manufacturing difficulty and cost. Furthermore, traditional step-by-step processing leads to insufficient bonding strength between electromagnetic components and dielectric layers, affecting long-term stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing. This method effectively addresses the problems mentioned in the background: current 3D printing technologies for electromagnetic components (such as the MIT solution) fail to achieve real-time dynamic adjustment of dielectric parameters during the printing process, resulting in insufficient dielectric constant control and limited device performance; co-reactive printing is only applicable to specific chemical systems and struggles to meet the complex requirements of electromagnetic functional materials, limiting material compatibility; micro-nano printing technology relies on precise alignment and monitoring, resulting in high process complexity, increasing manufacturing difficulty and cost; and traditional step-by-step processing leads to insufficient bonding strength between the electromagnetic component and the dielectric layer, affecting long-term stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing. This method involves designing metamaterial unit structures and adjusting their parameters to control the material volume ratio, thereby precisely regulating the dielectric constant. Combined with 3D printing technology, it enables customized manufacturing. The method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the operating frequency and metamaterial unit size;

[0007] Step two: Establish the theoretical relationship between dielectric constant and material volume ratio;

[0008] Step 3: Select the specific structure of the metamaterial unit;

[0009] Step four: Adjust the volume ratio by changing structural parameters;

[0010] Step 5: Use 3D printing technology to manufacture samples and test their dielectric constant;

[0011] Step 6: Establish the functional relationship between structural parameters and dielectric constant;

[0012] Step 7: Based on the functional relationship, deduce the structural parameter values ​​of the electromagnetic components with the required dielectric constant;

[0013] Step 8: Model the structure based on the structural parameter values ​​and use 3D printing technology to manufacture the required electromagnetic components.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, in step one, the applicable electromagnetic wave operating frequency range of the metamaterial unit is determined, and its corresponding wavelength is calculated.

[0015] According to the equivalent medium theory in metamaterials research, the size of the metamaterial unit must be much smaller than the working wavelength, and when the size of the metamaterial unit is much smaller than the working wavelength, the unit can be equivalent to a homogeneous medium.

[0016] Accordingly, the size of a metamaterial unit is selected, which is generally less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, usually 1 / 5 or 1 / 10.

[0017] According to the above technical solution, in step two, the metamaterial unit is composed of dry air and one or more other materials, and the dielectric constant of the metamaterial unit is assumed to be... The dielectric constant of dry air is The volume percentage of dry air in the metamaterial unit is: The dielectric constant of material 1 is Material 1 accounts for the following volume percentage of the metamaterial unit: ,Material The dielectric constant is ,Material The volume percentage of the metamaterial unit is ;

[0018] According to the Brown linear model in the Lichtenecker-Rother (LR) equations, the dielectric constant of the metamaterial element is calculated as follows:

[0019] ;

[0020] Of which, dry air accounted for 10% .

[0021] According to the above technical solution, in step two, when the material composition of the metamaterial unit is fixed, the material composition can be changed. Change the material according to the dimensional properties of the corresponding unit structure Volume ratio Thus achieving the dielectric constant of metamaterial units Customization, materials The corresponding unit structure properties include structural wall thickness, gap thickness, TPMS neutral plane offset value, etc., and can also be achieved by changing materials with different dielectric constants. This is to achieve the control of the maximum dielectric constant value of the metamaterial unit. The following explanation is based on the metamaterial unit being composed of dry air and another material.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, in step three, the external shape of the metamaterial unit can be a cuboid, a cube, or a polyhedron. The directional dimensions can be unequal, but they must satisfy the equivalent medium theory, that is, they must be much smaller than the working wavelength;

[0023] The unit cell can employ various structures, including but not limited to a variety of three-dimensional unit cell structures, and type, type, Other types include various TPMS cell structures such as Gyroid, Schwarz, Diamond, Lidinoid, SplitP, and Neovius, as well as other custom cell structures; in addition, one or more cell structures can be combined and stacked.

[0024] Specific structures include the following: three-dimensional unit cells (simple triclinic unit cells, simple monoclinic unit cells, bottom-centered monoclinic unit cells, simple orthorhombic unit cells, bottom-centered orthorhombic unit cells, body-centered orthorhombic unit cells, face-centered orthorhombic unit cells, trigonal unit cells, simple tetragonal unit cells, body-centered tetragonal unit cells, hexagonal unit cells, simple cubic unit cells, body-centered cubic unit cells, face-centered cubic unit cells), TPMS unit cells (P-type TPMS, D-type TPMS, G-type TPMS, other TPMS types include Gyroid TPMS, Schwarz TPMS, Diamond TPMS, Lidinoid TPMS, SplitP TPMS, Neovius TPMS, etc.), and other custom unit cell structures;

[0025] Furthermore, the selected structure will affect mechanical strength and electromagnetic performance, and must be determined based on the actual application requirements.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, step four specifically includes method A and method B. Method A mainly changes the wall thickness of the unit structure and fixes the unit size to change the material volume ratio. Method B mainly maintains the unit structure wall thickness unchanged to change the pore size, that is, fixes the wall thickness to change the material volume ratio. ;

[0027] In method A, the metamaterial unit type is selected as a cell structure A, and the unit size is designed such that the dimensions in the x, y, and z directions are less than or equal to the metamaterial unit size in step one.

[0028] The unit can be configured with multiple different fixed structural wall thickness series, specifically: the larger the structural wall thickness, the higher the material volume ratio. The larger the value, the more possible values ​​of the structural wall thickness will be, and the more accurate the subsequent functional relationship between wall thickness and dielectric constant will be.

[0029] According to the above technical solution, in method B, the metamaterial unit type is selected as a custom cell structure B, and the material structure in the unit is selected as having a fixed wall thickness. Change the thickness of the pores on one side;

[0030] Several different size series of single-sided pore thicknesses are available, specifically: the larger the pore size, the higher the material volume ratio. The smaller the value, the more pore thickness data there is, the more measurement data there is, and the more accurate the wall thickness-dielectric constant function relationship will be obtained later.

[0031] The dimensions of the metamaterial unit vary depending on the pore size on each side, and the calculation formula is: the unit dimensions in the X and Y directions are determined by a fixed wall thickness. Together with the pore thickness on both sides of the wall thickness, this dimension is less than or equal to the metamaterial unit size in step one; a fixed dimension is selected in the Z direction. This size is less than or equal to the size of the metamaterial unit in step one;

[0032] According to the above technical solution, in step five, before printing, a fixed-size test model is divided into multiple units based on the metamaterial unit dimensions calculated in step four. Modeling software is then used to construct corresponding 3D models with different wall thicknesses (containment method A) and different pore sizes (containment method B). First, the metamaterial units are arrayed using modeling software and then merged to generate the overall test piece model. Common parametric modeling software such as Rhino3D & Grasshopper, VoxelDance Design, nTop, and Altair Inspire can be selected.

[0033] The test models with different structural parameters designed in the two methods mentioned above were printed using 3D printing technology. Specifically, this included printing models with different wall thicknesses and models with different pore thicknesses. 3D printing technology includes, but is not limited to, fused deposition modeling (FFF), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), mask stereolithography (MSLA), 3D printing (3DP), selective laser sintering (SLS), multi-jet melting (MJF), binder jetting (BJ), material jetting (MJ), and layered solid manufacturing (LOM).

[0034] According to the above technical solution, in step five, an electromagnetic testing instrument is needed to test the dielectric constant of each corresponding model at the electromagnetic wave operating frequency, and at the same time record the corresponding data of structural parameter X and dielectric constant Y.

[0035] According to the above technical solution, step six requires the establishment of the functional relationship between structural parameters and dielectric constant for customized design;

[0036] Specifically, based on the test data, a graph showing the correspondence between the structural parameters X of the model and the measured dielectric constant Y is established, where X specifically represents different cell wall thicknesses and pore thicknesses.

[0037] Computer technology was used to fit the functional relationship expression, namely the functional relationship of XY, which is specifically the metamaterial unit structure parameter-dielectric constant function;

[0038] In step seven, the required parameter X value of the material structure in the metamaterial unit can be deduced by using the functional relationship based on the specified dielectric constant value required by the actual application scenario. The specific parameters include the structural wall thickness or gap thickness.

[0039] In step eight, the structural parameter values ​​are reversed and remodeled. That is, the metamaterial unit structure is designed based on the reversed parameters. The component model is divided into multiple metamaterial units and the final component model is generated. Then, the same 3D printing technology used to print the dielectric test model is used to produce an electromagnetic component with a specified dielectric constant.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] The custom dielectric constant electromagnetic components designed in this invention can achieve highly accurate dielectric constant values ​​based on the application scenario through 3D printing processes including but not limited to FFF, SLA, DLP, MSLA, SLS, 3DP, MJF, BJ, MJ, and LOM. They are suitable for communication, military, and marine fields. The invention facilitates the determination of material structure dimensions in metamaterial units, enabling the creation of models and the production of electromagnetic components with the required dielectric constant using 3D printing technology, thus achieving customized manufacturing.

[0042] Furthermore, by employing two different metamaterial unit structure designs with variable dielectric constants, it was realized that electromagnetic components with specified dielectric constants could be manufactured using 3D printing. By establishing a functional relationship between the structural wall thickness or the gap size of the metamaterial unit and the dielectric constant of the physical component, customized electromagnetic components with dielectric constants could be manufactured using 3D printing technology. This design and manufacturing technology is original in the field of electromagnetic component manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0044] In the attached diagram:

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the printing and manufacturing method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a sample piece with a metamaterial unit size of 1*1*1mm divided according to method A of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the modeling of the metamaterial unit with a wall thickness of 0.1 mm and a size of 1*1*1 mm in Method A of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a detailed enlarged schematic diagram of the model of the metamaterial unit with a wall thickness of 0.1 mm and a size of 1*1*1 mm in Method A of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a sample piece with a metamaterial unit size of 2*2*0.4mm divided according to method B of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the modeling of the metamaterial unit with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 2*2*0.4 mm in Method B of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a detailed enlarged schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 2*2*0.4 mm according to Method B of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.1 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.2 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.3 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to Method A of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.7 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a wall thickness of 0.8 mm (unit size 1*1*1 mm) according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a single-sided pore thickness of 0mm (unit size 0.4*0.4*0.4mm) according to Method B of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.02 mm (unit size 0.44*0.44*0.4 mm).

[0062] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.05 mm (unit size 0.5*0.5*0.4 mm).

[0063] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.09 mm (unit size 0.58*0.58*0.4 mm).

[0064] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.13 mm (unit size 0.66*0.66*0.4 mm).

[0065] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.2 mm (unit size 0.8*0.8*0.4 mm).

[0066] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.3 mm (unit size 1*1*0.4 mm) according to Method B of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.47 mm (unit size 1.34*1.34*0.4 mm).

[0068] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the metamaterial unit design of the present invention, with a single-sided pore thickness of 0.8 mm (unit size 2*2*0.4 mm). Detailed Implementation

[0069] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0070] Example: Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution: a method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing. By designing metamaterial unit structures and adjusting their parameters to control the material volume ratio, the dielectric constant can be precisely controlled. Combined with 3D printing technology, customized manufacturing is achieved. The method includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Determine the operating frequency and metamaterial unit size;

[0072] Step two: Establish the theoretical relationship between dielectric constant and material volume ratio;

[0073] Step 3: Select the specific structure of the metamaterial unit;

[0074] Step four: Adjust the volume ratio by changing structural parameters;

[0075] Step 5: Use 3D printing technology to manufacture samples and test their dielectric constant;

[0076] Step 6: Establish the functional relationship between structural parameters and dielectric constant.

[0077] Step 7: Based on the functional relationship, deduce the structural parameter values ​​of the electromagnetic components with the required dielectric constant;

[0078] Step 8: Model the structure based on the structural parameter values ​​and use 3D printing technology to manufacture the required electromagnetic components.

[0079] Based on the above technical solution, in step one, the applicable electromagnetic wave operating frequency range of the metamaterial unit is determined, and its corresponding wavelength is calculated. For an operating frequency of 30 GHz, the corresponding wavelength is 10 mm.

[0080] According to the equivalent medium theory in metamaterials research, the size of the metamaterial unit must be much smaller than the working wavelength, and when the size of the metamaterial unit is much smaller than the working wavelength, the unit can be equivalent to a homogeneous medium.

[0081] Accordingly, the size of the metamaterial unit is selected to be less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, usually 1 / 5 or 1 / 10. For 30 GHz, the selected unit size is 1 / 10 of the wavelength, which is 1 mm.

[0082] Based on the above technical solution, in step two, the metamaterial unit is composed of dry air and one or more other materials. Let the dielectric constant of the metamaterial unit be... The dielectric constant of dry air is The volume percentage of dry air in the metamaterial unit is: The dielectric constant of material 1 is Material 1 accounts for the following volume percentage of the metamaterial unit: ,Material The dielectric constant is ,Material The volume percentage of the metamaterial unit is ;

[0083] According to the Brown linear model in the Lichtenecker-Rother (LR) equations, the dielectric constant of the metamaterial element is calculated as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] Of which, dry air accounted for 10% .

[0086] Based on the above technical solution, in step two, given that the material composition of the metamaterial unit is fixed, the material composition can be changed. Change the material according to the properties of the corresponding unit structure Volume ratio Thus achieving the dielectric constant Customization, materials The corresponding unit structure properties include structural wall thickness, gap thickness, TPMS neutral plane offset value, etc., and can also be achieved by changing materials with different dielectric constants. This allows for the control of the maximum dielectric constant value of the metamaterial unit. The metamaterial unit is selected to consist of dry air and another material.

[0087] Based on the above technical solution, in step three, the external shape of the metamaterial unit can be a cuboid, cube, or polyhedron. Its dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions can be unequal, but they must satisfy the equivalent medium theory, that is, much smaller than the working wavelength.

[0088] The unit cell can employ various structures, including but not limited to various three-dimensional lattice structures, as well as various TPMS structures of Gyroid, Schwarz, Diamond, Lidinoid, SplitP, and Neovius, and other custom unit cell structures; in addition, one or more unit cell structures can be combined and stacked.

[0089] Furthermore, the selected structure will affect mechanical strength and electromagnetic performance, and must be determined based on the actual application requirements.

[0090] Based on the above technical solution, step four specifically includes method A and method B. Method A mainly changes the wall thickness of the unit structure while fixing the unit size, thereby changing the material volume ratio. Method B mainly maintains the unit structure wall thickness unchanged to change the pore size, that is, fixes the wall thickness to change the material volume ratio. ;

[0091] In Method A, the metamaterial unit type is selected as a three-dimensional body-centered cubic unit structure, the external shape of the unit is a cube, and the unit size is designed as x=1mm, y=1mm, z=1mm;

[0092] like Figure 8-15 As shown, the structure within the unit selects several different fixed wall thickness series, specifically: 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, and 0.8mm. Increasing the wall thickness results in a higher proportion of material volume. The more wall thickness values ​​there are, the more accurate the subsequent function relationship between wall thickness and dielectric constant will be.

[0093] The specific volume percentage corresponding to the wall thickness is shown in the table below:

[0094]

[0095] Based on the above technical solution, in method B, the metamaterial unit type is selected as a custom cell structure, the external shape of the unit is a cuboid, the material structure in the unit is selected as a fixed wall thickness of 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the single-sided pore is changed.

[0096] like Figure 16-24 As shown, the specific thickness of the pores on one side can be selected as 0mm, 0.02mm, 0.05mm, 0.09mm, 0.13mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.47mm, and 0.8mm. Increasing the pore size increases the material's volume percentage. The more pore thickness data there is, the more measurement data there will be, and the more accurate the wall thickness-dielectric constant function relationship will be obtained subsequently.

[0097] The size of the metamaterial unit varies depending on the thickness of the pores on one side. The calculation formula is: Unit size X, Y direction = 0.4 + 2 * pore thickness on one side, Z direction is selected as 0.4mm;

[0098] The specific volume percentages corresponding to the single-sided pore thickness and metamaterial unit size are shown in the table below:

[0099]

[0100] like Figure 2-7 As shown, based on the above technical solution, in step five, before printing, a fixed-size test piece model is divided into multiple units according to the metamaterial unit dimensions calculated in step four. Specifically: Cylindrical sheets were constructed, and corresponding 3D models with different wall thicknesses (containment method A) and different pore sizes (containment method B) were built using modeling software. First, the metamaterial units were arrayed using modeling software and then merged to generate the overall test model. Common parametric modeling software such as Rhino3D & Grasshopper, VoxelDance Design, nTop, and Altair Inspire were selected.

[0101] The above-mentioned models with different structural parameters designed in two ways are printed using 3D printing technology. Specifically, this includes printing models with different wall thicknesses and printing models with different cell wall thicknesses. 3D printing technology includes, but is not limited to, fused deposition modeling (FFF), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), mask stereolithography (MSLA), 3D printing (3DP), selective laser sintering (SLS), multi-jet melting (MJF), binder jetting (BJ), material jetting (MJ), and layered solid modeling (LOM).

[0102] Based on the above technical solution, in step five, an electromagnetic testing instrument is needed to test the dielectric constant of each corresponding serial number model under 30GHz electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic testing instrument selected is a vector network analyzer, and the corresponding data of structural parameter X and dielectric constant Y are recorded at the same time.

[0103] Based on the above technical solution, step six requires the establishment of the functional relationship between the structural parameter X and the dielectric constant Y for customized design.

[0104] Specifically, based on the test data, a graph showing the correspondence between the structural parameters X of the model and the measured dielectric constant Y is established, where X specifically represents different cell wall thicknesses, pore thicknesses, etc.

[0105] Computer technology is used to fit the functional relationship expression, namely the functional relationship of XY, which is specifically the structural size-dielectric constant function.

[0106] Step 7: Based on the specified dielectric constant value required for the actual application scenario, such as the communication field, military field, and maritime field, the parameter X value of the material structure in the required metamaterial unit can be deduced using this functional relationship. The specific parameters include wall thickness or pore thickness.

[0107] Step 8: Remodel based on the back-derived parameters, that is, design the metamaterial unit structure based on the back-derived parameters, divide the component model into multiple metamaterial units, generate the final component model, and then use the same 3D printing technology as the previous dielectric test model to produce electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing, characterized in that: By designing metamaterial unit structures and adjusting their parameters to control the material volume ratio, the dielectric constant can be precisely controlled. This, combined with 3D printing technology, enables customized manufacturing, including the following steps: Step 1: Determine the operating frequency and metamaterial unit size; Step two: Establish the theoretical relationship between dielectric constant and material volume ratio; Step 3: Select the specific structure of the metamaterial unit; Step four: Adjust the volume ratio by changing structural parameters; Step 5: Use 3D printing technology to manufacture samples and test their dielectric constant; Step 6: Establish the functional relationship between structural parameters and dielectric constant; Step 7: Based on the functional relationship, deduce the structural parameter values ​​of the electromagnetic components with the required dielectric constant; Step 8: Model the structure based on the structural parameter values ​​and use 3D printing technology to manufacture the required electromagnetic components.

2. The method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the applicable electromagnetic wave operating frequency range of the metamaterial unit is determined, and its corresponding wavelength is calculated. According to the equivalent medium theory in metamaterials research, the size of the metamaterial unit must be much smaller than the working wavelength, and when the size of the metamaterial unit is much smaller than the working wavelength, the unit can be equivalent to a homogeneous medium. Accordingly, the size of a metamaterial unit is selected, which is generally less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, usually 1 / 5 or 1 / 10.

3. The method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the metamaterial unit is composed of dry air and one or more other materials. Let the dielectric constant of the metamaterial unit be... The dielectric constant of dry air is The volume percentage of dry air in the metamaterial unit is: The dielectric constant of material 1 is Material 1 accounts for the following volume percentage of the metamaterial unit: ,Material The dielectric constant is ,Material The volume percentage of the metamaterial unit is ; According to the Brown linear model in the Lichtenecker-Rother (LR) equations, the dielectric constant of the metamaterial element is calculated as follows: ； Of which, dry air accounted for 10% .

4. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step two, given a fixed material composition for the metamaterial unit, the material composition can be changed. Change the material according to the dimensional properties of the corresponding unit structure Volume ratio Thus achieving the dielectric constant of metamaterial units Customization, materials The corresponding unit structure properties include structural wall thickness, gap thickness, TPMS neutral plane offset value, etc., and can also be achieved by changing materials with different dielectric constants. This is to achieve the control of the maximum dielectric constant value of the metamaterial unit. The following explanation is based on the metamaterial unit being composed of dry air and another material.

5. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the external shape of the metamaterial unit can be a cuboid, cube, or polyhedron. The directional dimensions can be unequal, but they must satisfy the equivalent medium theory, that is, they must be much smaller than the working wavelength; The unit cell can employ various structures, including but not limited to a variety of three-dimensional unit cell structures, and type, type, Other types include various TPMS cell structures such as Gyroid, Schwarz, Diamond, Lidinoid, SplitP, and Neovius, as well as other custom cell structures; in addition, one or more cell structures can be combined and stacked. Furthermore, the selected structure will affect mechanical strength and electromagnetic performance, and must be determined based on the actual application requirements.

6. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step four specifically includes the following methods: and method , among which, method The main method involves changing the wall thickness of the unit structure while fixing the unit size, thereby altering the material volume ratio. ,Way Mainly by keeping the wall thickness of the unit structure constant, the pore size is changed; that is, by fixing the wall thickness, the volume ratio of the material is altered. ; In the way In this study, a single cell structure was selected as the unit cell type for the metamaterial. The unit size is designed as The directional dimension is less than or equal to the metamaterial unit dimension in step one; The unit can be configured with multiple different fixed structural wall thickness series, specifically: the larger the structural wall thickness, the higher the material volume ratio. The larger the value, the more possible values ​​of the structural wall thickness will be, and the more accurate the subsequent functional relationship between wall thickness and dielectric constant will be.

7. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the way In this study, a single cell structure was selected as the unit cell type for the metamaterial. In the unit, a fixed wall thickness is selected for the material structure. Change the thickness of the pores on one side; Several different size series of single-sided pore thicknesses are available, specifically: the larger the pore size, the higher the material volume ratio. The smaller the value, the more pore thickness data there is, the more measurement data there is, and the more accurate the wall thickness-dielectric constant function relationship will be obtained later. The dimensions of the metamaterial unit vary depending on the thickness of the pores on one side, and the calculation formula is: Unit Dimension The directional dimension is determined by the fixed wall thickness. Together with the pore thickness on both sides of the wall thickness, this dimension is less than or equal to the metamaterial unit size in step one. Choose a fixed size for the direction This size is less than or equal to the size of the metamaterial unit in step one.

8. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, before printing, a fixed-size test specimen model is divided into multiple elements based on the metamaterial element dimensions calculated in step four, and the corresponding inclusion method is constructed using modeling software. 3D models and inclusion methods of different structural wall thicknesses Three-dimensional models with different pore sizes. First, the metamaterial elements are arrayed using modeling software and then merged to generate the overall test specimen model; The test models with different structural parameters designed in the two methods mentioned above were printed using 3D printing technology. Specifically, this included printing models with different wall thicknesses and models with different pore thicknesses. 3D printing technology includes, but is not limited to, fused deposition modeling (FFF), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), mask stereolithography (MSLA), 3D printing (3DP), selective laser sintering (SLS), multi-jet melting (MJF), binder jetting (BJ), material jetting (MJ), and layered solid manufacturing (LOM).

9. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step five, electromagnetic testing instruments are used to test the dielectric constant of each corresponding test model at the electromagnetic wave operating frequency, and the corresponding data of structural parameter X and dielectric constant Y are recorded.

10. A method for fabricating electromagnetic components with a specified dielectric constant using 3D printing according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step six requires the establishment of a functional relationship between structural parameters and dielectric constant for customized design; Specifically, based on the test data, the structural parameters of the model are established. With the measured dielectric constant A diagram showing the correspondence between the two relationships. Specifically, different cell wall thicknesses and pore thicknesses; The functional relationship expression is obtained by fitting the data using computer technology, that is... The functional relationship is specifically a function of metamaterial unit structure parameters-dielectric constant; Step seven involves using the specified dielectric constant value required for the actual application scenario to deduce the parameters of the material structure in the required metamaterial unit using this functional relationship. Values, specifically parameters including structural wall thickness or gap thickness; In step eight, the structural parameter values ​​are reversed and remodeled. That is, the metamaterial unit structure is designed based on the reversed parameters. The component model is divided into multiple metamaterial units and the final component model is generated. Then, the same 3D printing technology used to print the dielectric test model is used to produce an electromagnetic component with a specified dielectric constant.

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