Vehicle-mounted electric vehicle charging and discharging battery group

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack, which relates to the technical field of electric vehicle batteries and comprises a main energy storage module, an auxiliary charging and discharging module, a bidirectional power conversion module and an intelligent battery management system, the main energy storage module is formed by connecting high-energy density lithium iron phosphate cells in series; the auxiliary charging and discharging module is formed by connecting high-power-density lithium cells in parallel; the main energy storage module and the auxiliary charging and discharging module are both of an independent packaging structure, and the outer sides of the modules are provided with quick-plug conductive connectors and positioning buckles. The bidirectional power conversion module can reversely output the electric energy of the battery pack to other electric vehicles, emergency rescue electricity supplement is provided for another electric vehicle in a power shortage state, V2G, V2L and V2V multifunctional energy interaction is achieved, the application scene of the battery pack is expanded, the practicability and economical efficiency of the battery pack are improved, and the problem that the battery pack is single in function is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle battery technology, and more particularly to on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery packs. Background Technology

[0002] Existing pure electric vehicle power battery packs generally adopt an integrated PACK structure with cells connected in series and parallel and fixedly packaged. This structure can only achieve unidirectional discharge power supply and relies on the vehicle's motor controller to provide power through inverters to drive the vehicle. However, this structure has certain shortcomings in practical use and technical performance. First, battery packs have a single function, only enabling energy storage and discharge for vehicles. They cannot achieve bidirectional energy interaction between vehicles and the grid, vehicles and loads, or vehicles and other vehicles, resulting in low energy utilization and failing to meet diverse needs such as emergency power supply. Second, the tightly packed cells and modules within traditional battery packs mean that when a single cell experiences a short circuit or overheating, heat can easily conduct and spread rapidly, triggering a chain reaction of thermal runaway and potentially causing fires, explosions, and other safety accidents. Third, the integrated packaging structure often necessitates replacing the entire battery pack when cells experience excessive degradation or localized damage, leading to extremely high repair costs. Furthermore, the recycling and dismantling of retired batteries is difficult, and the connectors are prone to detachment. Additionally, cell activity decreases significantly in low-temperature environments, increasing internal resistance, drastically reducing charging and discharging efficiency, and severely shortening driving range. Under high-power conditions such as high-speed driving and hill climbing, the battery load surges, not only exacerbating energy consumption but also accelerating cell aging and degradation, thus shortening the overall lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack, which solves the problems of single battery pack function, insufficient safety protection performance, high maintenance cost, poor applicability to working conditions, and easy detachment of the connector.

[0004] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack, including a main energy storage module, an auxiliary charging and discharging module, a bidirectional power conversion module, an intelligent battery management system, an isolated thermal management system, a mechanical protective housing, and a high-voltage electrical circuit. The main energy storage module is composed of high-energy-density lithium iron phosphate cells connected in series, responsible for the basic power supply and conventional energy storage for the vehicle's operation, providing stable power output to meet daily range requirements. The auxiliary charging and discharging module is composed of high-power-density lithium battery cells connected in parallel, responsible for peak power compensation, regenerative braking, and bidirectional charging and discharging. The main energy storage module and the auxiliary charging and discharging module are independently packaged, with quick-connect conductive connectors and positioning buckles on the outside of the module to achieve quick and detachable mechanical and electrical connections. Each module can be disassembled, repaired, and replaced independently without disassembling the entire battery pack. There are aerogel heat insulation pads and independent pressure relief channels between the modules. The heat insulation pads are arranged close to the module shell to block heat conduction between modules. The pressure relief channels are connected to the outside of the shell, so that high-temperature gas and heat can be quickly discharged in case of failure to prevent the chain reaction of thermal runaway.

[0005] Furthermore, the bidirectional power conversion module integrates a bidirectional DC / DC converter, a high-voltage relay, a fuse, and a pre-charge resistor to achieve bidirectional conversion between high-voltage DC and low-voltage DC, as well as circuit on / off and overcurrent protection functions. It can receive power from the external power grid and charging piles to charge the battery pack, and can also output the battery pack power back to the power grid to participate in grid peak shaving and frequency regulation to generate revenue. It can also output the battery pack power back to external loads, with the battery pack acting as a mobile power source to supply power to external electrical appliances. In addition, it can output the battery pack power back to other vehicles to charge another electric vehicle, providing emergency rescue power, and realizing V2G, V2L, and V2V multi-functional interaction.

[0006] Furthermore, the intelligent battery management system adopts a dual-path independent sampling architecture, which collects data on the individual cell voltage, total voltage, charging and discharging current, and cell temperature of the main energy storage module and the auxiliary charging and discharging module in real time. It has a built-in equalization control unit and power distribution unit to achieve dynamic power balance across modules, eliminate individual cell voltage differences, and intelligently allocate the output power of the main and auxiliary modules according to the vehicle's operating conditions. Under high power conditions, the auxiliary charging and discharging module is activated to provide power in coordination. During braking, the recovered energy is preferentially stored in the auxiliary charging and discharging module to reduce the charging and discharging frequency of the main energy storage module and delay aging.

[0007] Furthermore, the isolated thermal management system includes a liquid cooling circuit, an air cooling circuit, a temperature-controlled heater, and a temperature-controlled valve group, forming an adaptive temperature control closed loop. Under low-temperature conditions, the temperature-controlled heater automatically starts to preheat the module and maintain the cell temperature within the optimal operating range. Under high-temperature conditions, the liquid cooling circuit and the air cooling circuit start simultaneously to quickly remove heat and strictly control the cell temperature. Under fault conditions, the isolated thermal management system immediately cuts off the power supply circuit of the faulty module and activates local heat dissipation and pressure relief channels to ensure the overall safety of the main energy storage module and the auxiliary charging and discharging module.

[0008] Furthermore, the mechanical protective housing is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, possessing waterproof, dustproof, and impact-resistant properties, with a protection level exceeding IP. The interior of the mechanical protective housing is divided into multiple independent chambers. A top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the mechanical protective housing, and an insertion port is provided on the front side of the mechanical protective housing. An installation block is installed on the outer side of the insertion port and the front face of the mechanical protective housing. Two installation blocks are provided, and telescopic rods are installed on opposite sides. The moving end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a first latching plate and a second latching plate, which constitute a positioning latch. The top of the first latching plate and the second latching plate are respectively provided with inclined baffles, and the inclined surfaces of the baffles are arranged opposite each other. Correspondingly positioned electromagnet core latches and slots are provided on the mating surfaces of the first latching plate and the second latching plate. The electromagnet core latches have built-in electromagnets that are electrically connected to the intelligent battery management system. The main energy storage module is housed on the left side of the interior of the mechanical protective housing, and the auxiliary charging and discharging module is housed on the right side of the interior of the mechanical protective housing, achieving physical isolation and further enhancing safety protection capabilities.

[0009] This invention provides an on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack, which has the following beneficial effects: This invention features a bidirectional power conversion module that enables efficient bidirectional conversion between high-voltage DC and low-voltage DC. It can receive electrical energy from the external power grid and charging piles, convert it through a bidirectional DC / DC converter to charge the entire battery pack, and also output the electrical energy stored in the battery pack to the external power grid after reverse conversion through the bidirectional DC / DC converter to participate in the grid's peak shaving and frequency regulation. Furthermore, it can output the battery pack's electrical energy in reverse to an external load, allowing the battery pack to be used as a mobile power source to meet outdoor power and emergency power needs. In addition, it can also output battery power in reverse to other electric vehicles, providing emergency power to another electric vehicle that is out of power, realizing multi-functional energy interaction of V2G (vehicle to grid), V2L (vehicle to load), and V2V (vehicle to vehicle), expanding the application scenarios of battery packs and improving their practicality and economy.

[0010] In addition, when overcharging, short circuit or other faults occur inside the module and generate high-temperature gas and heat, the pressure relief channel can quickly discharge the high-temperature gas and heat to the outside of the casing, achieving rapid pressure relief and cooling, effectively preventing the chain spread of thermal runaway and ensuring the overall safety of the battery pack.

[0011] In addition, maintenance and recycling costs are significantly reduced. The modular quick-release design supports individual replacement of faulty single modules, saving the high cost of replacing the entire battery pack. Retired modules are easy to disassemble, improving the recycling rate of battery resources. The positioning buckle makes it easier to connect the electrical connection port to the quick-connect conductive connector without falling off, ensuring the stability of the connection. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0013] The accompanying drawings described below are only related to some embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0014] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the mechanical protective shell of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical circuit and bidirectional power conversion module connection of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the isolated thermal management system loop of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the control process of the intelligent battery management system of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point A in the diagram.

[0015] The corresponding numbers of the components in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Main energy storage module; 2. Auxiliary charge and discharge module; 3. Bidirectional power conversion module; 4. Intelligent battery management system; 5. Isolated thermal management system; 6. Mechanical protective shell; 601. Top plate; 602. Positioning buckle; 6021. First buckle plate; 6022. Second buckle plate; 603. Mounting block; 7. Aerogel thermal insulation pad; 8. Pressure relief channel; 9. Quick-connect conductive connector; 10. Liquid cooling circuit; 11. Air cooling circuit; 12. Temperature-controlled heater. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 6 : An on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack comprises a main energy storage module 1, an auxiliary charging and discharging module 2, a bidirectional power conversion module 3, an intelligent battery management system 4, an isolated thermal management system 5, a mechanical protective shell 6, and a high-voltage electrical circuit. These components work together to achieve integrated control of energy storage, power distribution, safety protection, and multi-mode energy interaction. The main energy storage module 1 uses high-energy-density lithium iron phosphate cells connected in series. The energy density of a single cell is not less than 180Wh / kg. The number of cells connected in series is configured according to the actual on-board range requirements, preferably 150, forming an energy storage unit with a rated output voltage of 480V and a rated capacity of 50kWh. Its core function is to provide basic power supply and conventional energy storage during vehicle operation, continuously outputting a stable power current to meet the range requirements of daily urban commuting and short-to-medium distance driving for electric vehicles. It also boasts advantages such as a high number of charge-discharge cycles, strong charge-discharge stability, excellent thermal stability, and controllable cost, making it suitable for long-term on-board use. The main energy storage module 1 adopts a sealed packaging structure. The outer shell is made of flame-retardant engineering plastic with a thickness of 2-3mm, which has certain heat insulation and impact resistance properties, and can effectively protect the internal cells from external environmental interference.

[0018] In this embodiment, the auxiliary charging and discharging module 2 is composed of high-power-density lithium-ion cells connected in parallel. The power density of a single cell is not less than 3000W / kg, and the preferred number of parallel cells is 20, forming a power compensation unit with a rated output voltage of 480V and a rated capacity of 10kWh. Its core function is to be responsible for peak power compensation, braking energy recovery, and bidirectional charging and discharging interaction during vehicle operation. It can work in conjunction with the main energy storage module 1 to supply power and share the high-power load under high-power conditions such as vehicle acceleration and hill climbing, avoiding the main energy storage module 1 from being in a high-load operation state for a long time. At the same time, it significantly improves the charging and discharging response speed of the battery pack, with a response time of 10ms, which meets the power response requirements of the vehicle. During vehicle braking, it can quickly receive the electrical energy recovered during braking, realize energy recovery and reuse, and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle.

[0019] In this embodiment, both the main energy storage module 1 and the auxiliary charging and discharging module 2 adopt independent packaging structures. Their structures are independent and do not interfere with each other. Each module has an integrally formed quick-connect conductive connector 9 and a positioning buckle 602 on its outer side. The quick-connect conductive connector 9 adopts an anti-misinsertion structure design, with a sealing ring at the connector, providing waterproof and leakage-proof functions. Its insertion and removal life is no less than 1000 cycles. It allows for simultaneous and rapid disassembly of the mechanical and electrical connections between the module and the high-voltage electrical circuit. A single module can be independently disassembled, repaired, and replaced without disassembling the entire battery pack, significantly reducing later maintenance costs and improving maintenance efficiency. Aerogel heat insulation pads are provided at the gaps between the modules. Layer 7 and independent pressure relief channel 8 are included. The aerogel heat insulation layer 7 is 5-8mm thick and is arranged closely to the inner wall of the mechanical protective shell 6. It can effectively block the heat conduction between the two modules and prevent the heat from spreading to the other module when a thermal abnormality occurs in one module. The independent pressure relief channel 8 is made of high-temperature resistant metal pipe. One end is connected to the inside of the module, and the other end passes through the mechanical protective shell 6 and connects to the outside of the shell. When a fault such as overcharging or short circuit occurs inside the module and generates high-temperature gas and heat, the pressure relief channel 8 can quickly discharge the high-temperature gas and heat to the outside of the shell, realize rapid pressure relief and cooling, effectively prevent the chain spread of thermal runaway, and ensure the overall safety of the battery pack.

[0020] In this embodiment, the bidirectional power conversion module 3, as the core component for energy conversion and interaction of the battery pack, integrates a bidirectional DC / DC converter, a high-voltage relay, a fuse, and a pre-charge resistor. All components are integrated on the same metal substrate, which uses an aluminum alloy heat dissipation structure to ensure heat dissipation stability during operation. The bidirectional DC / DC converter adopts a full-bridge topology with a conversion efficiency of 96% and a rated power of 50kW. It can achieve bidirectional high-efficiency conversion between high-voltage DC and low-voltage DC, with a conversion voltage range of 200V-800V, adaptable to different specifications of external power grids, charging piles, and vehicle-mounted electrical equipment. The high-voltage relay adopts a normally open structure with a rated voltage of 500V and a rated current of 200A, responsible for controlling the on / off state of the high-voltage electrical circuit, achieving circuit isolation between the battery pack and external interfaces and internal modules. The fuse has a rated fusing current of 250A; when an overcurrent or short-circuit fault occurs in the circuit, the fuse can quickly blow, cutting off the faulty circuit and preventing the fault from escalating. The pre-charge resistor has a resistance value of 10-20Ω and a power of 500W, used during battery pack startup or initial charging. It can limit the inrush current in the circuit, protect the electrical components in the circuit, and extend the service life of the components. The bidirectional power conversion module 3 has multi-mode energy interaction function: it can receive electrical energy input from the external power grid and charging pile, and charge the entire battery pack after conversion by the bidirectional DC / DC converter, adapting to the charging needs of AC power grid (220V / 380V) and DC charging pile. It can also output the electrical energy stored in the battery pack to the external power grid after reverse conversion by the bidirectional DC / DC converter, participate in the peak shaving and frequency regulation of the power grid, help the power grid smooth load fluctuations, and users can obtain corresponding electricity revenue through power grid interaction. It can also output the battery pack's electrical energy in reverse to the external load, so that the battery pack can be used as a mobile power source to meet outdoor power and emergency power needs. In addition, it can also output the battery pack's electrical energy in reverse to other electric vehicles, providing emergency rescue power to another electric vehicle in a low-power state, realizing V2G (vehicle to grid), V2L (vehicle to load), and V2V (vehicle to vehicle) multi-functional energy interaction, expanding the application scenarios of the battery pack, and improving its practicality and economy.

[0021] In this embodiment, the intelligent battery management system 4 adopts a dual-path independent sampling architecture, with independent sampling units set for the main energy storage module 1 and the auxiliary charging and discharging module 2 respectively. Each sampling unit includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The voltage sensor has a sampling accuracy of 10mV and can collect the voltage of each individual cell in real time; the current sensor has a sampling accuracy of 1% and can collect the total charging and discharging current of the module in real time; the temperature sensor uses an NTC thermistor with a sampling accuracy of 1℃ and can collect the surface temperature of each cell and the internal ambient temperature of the module in real time. All sampling data is transmitted to the main control unit of the intelligent battery management system 4 in real time. The main control unit of the intelligent battery management system 4 has a built-in equalization control unit and a power distribution unit. The equalization control unit adopts an active equalization method with an equalization current of 1A. It can identify the voltage difference between cells based on the sampled individual cell voltage data. When the difference exceeds a preset threshold (50mV), The automatic balancing circuit transfers energy from higher-voltage cells to lower-voltage cells, achieving dynamic energy balance across modules, eliminating voltage differences between individual cells, preventing overcharging and over-discharging of some cells, extending cell lifespan, and improving the overall capacity utilization of the battery pack. The power distribution unit can analyze the status data of the main energy storage module 1 and the auxiliary charging / discharging module 2 in real time according to the vehicle's driving conditions (such as acceleration, climbing, constant speed, braking, etc.), and intelligently allocate the output power of both: under normal conditions such as constant speed driving, only the main energy storage module 1 is activated to supply power alone, reducing energy consumption; under high-power conditions such as acceleration and climbing, the auxiliary charging / discharging module 2 is automatically activated to provide power in coordination, sharing the load of the main energy storage module 1; under braking conditions, the energy recovered during braking is preferentially stored in the auxiliary charging / discharging module 2, reducing the charging and discharging frequency of the main energy storage module 1, preventing the main energy storage module 1 from aging due to frequent charging and discharging, and further extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack. In addition, the intelligent battery management system 4 has a built-in fault diagnosis unit that can monitor various parameters of the battery pack in real time. When faults such as overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, overheating, or excessive cell voltage difference occur, it can quickly issue a fault warning signal and control relevant electrical components to cut off the fault circuit to ensure the safety of the battery pack.

[0022] In this embodiment, the isolated thermal management system 5 includes a liquid cooling circuit 10, an air cooling circuit 11, a temperature-controlled heater 12, and a temperature-controlled valve group. These components work together to form an adaptive temperature control closed loop, automatically adjusting the temperature control mode according to changes in cell temperature and operating conditions to ensure the cells always operate within the optimal temperature range (15℃-35℃), improving the battery pack's charging and discharging performance and lifespan. The liquid cooling circuit 10 uses ethylene glycol aqueous solution as the cooling medium and includes a water pump and a radiator. The water pump has a rated flow rate of 10L / min, and the radiator uses an aluminum alloy flat tube structure for higher heat dissipation efficiency, quickly removing heat generated by the module under high-temperature conditions. The air cooling circuit 11 includes a cooling fan and ventilation ducts. The cooling fan is designed for silent operation with a rated speed of 2000r / min. The ventilation ducts are evenly distributed inside the mechanical protective housing 6, enabling air circulation within the housing and assisting the liquid cooling circuit 10 in improving heat dissipation. The temperature-controlled heater 12 uses a PTC heater... The thermal element, rated at 5kW, can automatically start under low-temperature conditions (cell temperature <10℃) to uniformly preheat the main energy storage module 1 and the auxiliary charge / discharge module 2, rapidly raising the cell temperature to the optimal operating range. The temperature control valve group uses electromagnetic control valves, controlled in real time by the intelligent battery management system 4. It can automatically adjust the working state of the liquid cooling circuit 10 and the air cooling circuit 11 according to the cell temperature, realizing adaptive switching of temperature control mode. Under fault conditions (such as module overheating or signs of thermal runaway), the isolated thermal management system 5 can immediately cut off the power supply circuit of the faulty module under the control of the intelligent battery management system 4 to prevent the fault from expanding further. At the same time, it can start the local heat dissipation mode to specifically enhance the heat dissipation of the faulty module, and simultaneously open the independent pressure relief channel 8 to quickly discharge the high-temperature gas and heat generated by the faulty module, ensuring that the non-faulty main energy storage module 1 and auxiliary charge / discharge module 2 are not affected, ensuring the overall safety of the battery pack and reducing the losses caused by the fault.

[0023] In this embodiment, the mechanical protective housing 6 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy through die casting. The material has a tensile strength of 300MPa and a yield strength of 200MPa, possessing excellent waterproof, dustproof, and impact-resistant properties. Its protection level reaches IP67 or higher, effectively preventing rainwater and dust from entering the housing and avoiding short circuits in electrical components. It can also withstand vibrations and impacts during vehicle operation, protecting the internal modules and components from damage. The mechanical protective housing 6 is internally divided into multiple independent chambers, physically isolated by partitions. The left independent chamber accommodates the main energy storage module 1, and the right independent chamber accommodates the auxiliary charging and discharging module 2, enabling bidirectional power conversion. Module 3, the intelligent battery management system 4, and the isolated thermal management system 5 are respectively arranged in the chambers inside the mechanical protective housing 6. A sealed isolation layer is provided between each chamber to further block heat conduction and fault propagation, improving overall safety protection capabilities. A top plate 601 is bolted to the top of the mechanical protective housing 6. A sealing strip is provided at the connection between the top plate 601 and the housing to ensure the housing's airtightness. A socket adapted to a quick-connect conductive connector 9 is provided on the front side of the mechanical protective housing 6. Two mounting blocks 603 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the socket and the front face of the mechanical protective housing 6. The opposing surfaces of the two mounting blocks 603 are... A telescopic rod is fixedly installed. The telescopic rod is a retractable metal rod, and its moving end is fixedly connected to a first latching plate 6021 and a second latching plate 6022. The first latching plate 6021 and the second latching plate 6022 cooperate to form a positioning latch 602, which is used to position and clamp the quick-connect conductive connector 9 inserted into the socket to prevent the connector from loosening. The top of the first latching plate 6021 and the second latching plate 6022 are respectively provided with inclined plates, and the inclined surfaces of the two inclined plates are arranged opposite each other, so that the operator can control the opening and closing of the first latching plate 6021 and the second latching plate 6022 by moving the inclined plates, which improves the convenience of module assembly and disassembly; the first latching plate 6021 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6022 6023 6024 ... The mating surfaces of the first latch plate 6021 and the second latch plate 6022 are provided with corresponding electromagnet core levers and slots. The electromagnet core levers have built-in electromagnet cores and are electrically connected to the intelligent battery management system 4. When the module is installed in place, the intelligent battery management system 4 controls the electromagnet core to be energized, so that the electromagnet core levers are inserted into the slots, thereby locking the first latch plate 6021 and the second latch plate 6022 and ensuring the clamping reliability of the positioning latch 602. When it is necessary to disassemble the module, the intelligent battery management system 4 controls the electromagnet core to be de-energized, and the electromagnet core levers are disengaged from the slots. The operator can then move the inclined lever to open the positioning latch 602, thereby achieving quick disassembly of the module.

[0024] In this embodiment, the high-voltage electrical circuit connects the main energy storage module 1, the auxiliary charging and discharging module 2, the bidirectional power conversion module 3, and the external interface. It is laid with high-voltage shielded cable with a rated voltage of 800V and a rated current of 250A. The cable is equipped with a flame-retardant sheath to effectively prevent cable aging, leakage, and fire hazards. An insulation monitoring unit is also installed in the circuit to monitor the insulation performance of the circuit in real time. When the insulation resistance is lower than the preset threshold, the intelligent battery management system 4 immediately cuts off the circuit power supply and issues an insulation fault warning, further improving the safety of the high-voltage electrical circuit.

[0025] This embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack, characterized in that, The system includes a main energy storage module (1), an auxiliary charging and discharging module (2), a bidirectional power conversion module (3), an intelligent battery management system (4), an isolated thermal management system (5), a mechanical protective shell (6), and a high-voltage electrical circuit. The main energy storage module (1) is composed of high-energy-density lithium iron phosphate cells connected in series for basic power supply and conventional energy storage for the vehicle. The auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) is composed of high-power-density lithium cells connected in parallel for peak power compensation, regenerative braking, and bidirectional charging and discharging interaction. Both the main energy storage module (1) and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) adopt an independent packaging structure. The main energy storage module (1) and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) are provided with quick-connect conductive connectors (9) and positioning buckles (602) on the outside. An aerogel heat insulation pad (7) and an independent pressure relief channel (8) are provided between the main energy storage module (1) and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2). The end face of the aerogel heat insulation pad (7) is in close contact with the inner wall of the mechanical protective shell (6). The pressure relief channel (8) is connected to the outside of the mechanical protective shell (6). The isolated thermal management system (4) The system includes a liquid cooling circuit (10), an air cooling circuit (11), a temperature-controlled heater (12), and a temperature-controlled valve group, forming an adaptive temperature control closed loop. Under low-temperature conditions, the temperature-controlled heater (12) automatically starts to preheat the main energy storage module (1) and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2). Under high-temperature conditions, the liquid cooling circuit (10) and the air cooling circuit (11) start synchronously. Under fault conditions, the isolated thermal management system (4) cuts off the power supply circuit of the faulty module. The positioning buckle (602) consists of a first buckle plate (6021) and a second buckle plate (6022). 22) The first buckle plate (6021) and the second buckle plate (6022) are respectively provided with inclined baffles on their tops, and the inclined surfaces of the baffles are arranged opposite each other. The contact surfaces of the first buckle plate (6021) and the second buckle plate (6022) are provided with corresponding electromagnetic core rods and slots. The electromagnetic core rods have built-in electromagnetic cores that are electrically connected to the intelligent battery management system (4). The high-voltage electrical circuit is connected to the main energy storage module (1), the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2), the bidirectional power conversion module (3), and the external interface.

2. The on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional power conversion module (3) integrates a bidirectional DC / DC converter, a high-voltage relay, a fuse and a pre-charge resistor for bidirectional conversion between high-voltage DC and low-voltage DC. The bidirectional power conversion module (3) supports bidirectional energy transmission between vehicle and grid, vehicle and external load, and vehicle and vehicle. It has built-in overcurrent, overvoltage and overtemperature protection components. The circuit connection and disconnection are controlled by the intelligent battery management system (4).

3. The on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent battery management system (4) adopts a dual-path independent sampling architecture, which collects the individual cell voltage, total voltage, charging and discharging current and cell temperature data of the main energy storage module (1) and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) in real time. It has a built-in equalization control unit and power distribution unit to equalize the dynamic power of the modules and eliminate the voltage difference of individual cells. At the same time, it automatically allocates the output power of the main and auxiliary modules according to the vehicle operating conditions. Under high power conditions, the auxiliary charging and discharging module is started to provide power in coordination. During braking, the recovered energy is stored in the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) first.

4. The on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical protective shell (6) is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The mechanical protective shell (6) is divided into multiple independent chambers. The top plate (601) is fixedly installed on the top of the mechanical protective shell (6). The main energy storage module (1) is accommodated on the left side of the mechanical protective shell (6), and the auxiliary charging and discharging module (2) is accommodated on the right side of the mechanical protective shell (6).

5. The on-board electric vehicle charging and discharging battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical protective housing (6) has an opening on the front side. An installation block (603) is installed on the outside of the opening and the front end face of the mechanical protective housing (6). There are two installation blocks (603) and telescopic rods are installed on opposite sides. The moving end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a first buckle plate (6021) and a second buckle plate (6022).

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