Multifunctional wind-light-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional wind-light-wave energy complementary three-anchor type buoy system which comprises a buoy body, a water body observation device and an anchoring system. The buoy body is provided with a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device. A sensing communication device is arranged above the buoy main body, a water body observation device is arranged below the buoy main body, and the water body observation device is in signal connection with the sensing communication device; the anchoring system comprises three anchor bodies, anchor chains and wave energy floaters, the anchor chains are connected to the anchor bodies and the buoy body, and the wave energy floaters are installed in the middles of the anchor chains; the three anchor bodies are triangularly distributed by taking the buoy main body as the center; the wave energy floater is integrated with a floater, a wave energy generator and a buffer device, the floater is used for providing buoyancy to lift an anchor chain, the wave energy generator is used for converting heaving motion of the floater into electric energy, and the buffer device is used for absorbing instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain. The stability of the total generated power of the system is ensured, the data quality and timeliness are improved, and long-term stable operation of communication and observation equipment in a severe marine environment is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering research technology, specifically to a multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system. Background Technology

[0002] "Transparent Ocean" is based on the Internet of Things for marine observation to predict the spatiotemporal changes of marine resources, environment and climate, and to achieve transparency in the state, processes and changes of the ocean.

[0003] Maritime communication technology serves as a strategic link between the ocean and land, crucial for economic development, environmental monitoring, national security, and disaster relief. Its core functions include: driving the marine economy and ensuring the safety of shipping, fisheries, and resource development; enabling real-time interaction of marine monitoring data to improve surveying and emergency response efficiency; safeguarding national interests and strengthening maritime command and control, reconnaissance, and joint operations capabilities; and protecting lives by enhancing emergency response effectiveness through risk warnings and location-based search and rescue.

[0004] Ocean observation facilities are crucial for understanding ocean systems and possess indispensable strategic value for basic research, resource management, disaster prevention and control, and ecological protection. Their core roles are primarily reflected in the following aspects: deepening scientific understanding, revealing the mechanisms of ocean circulation, carbon cycle, and climate change, and providing strong support for the optimization of global climate models; empowering the blue economy by guiding fisheries production through hydrological and ecological data (e.g., inverting fishing ground resources through chlorophyll concentration) and ensuring the safety of oil and gas platforms (e.g., real-time early warning of extreme sea conditions); safeguarding ecological security by tracking pollutant diffusion pathways (e.g., monitoring microplastic flux into the sea) and predicting red tides and hypoxia disasters in advance; and ensuring the sustainable use of resources by assessing the potential for ocean energy development.

[0005] Due to the vast area covered by the ocean, buoys are typically used as the basic carrier for large-area, long-term, in-situ monitoring. However, existing marine communication or ocean water observation buoys have the following drawbacks: 1) Relying on a single energy source (such as solar energy or batteries) can easily lead to power outages in severe weather (long-term cloudy or rainy weather, low light) or high-power scenarios, resulting in data loss. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency of solar energy drops sharply in winter or during typhoon season, requiring frequent battery replacements and resulting in high maintenance costs. 2) Separate deployment of communication equipment and water body observation equipment can lead to data asynchrony in time and space, affecting the accuracy of data fusion. In addition, the construction and installation costs of single-function buoy platforms are relatively high. 3) The buoy structure has insufficient resistance to wind and waves. In areas with strong winds and high waves, the buoy mooring system is prone to anchor chain breakage, which can damage the entire device. In addition, the mooring system is prone to entanglement with underwater cable observation devices, causing equipment loss. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system that can improve the stability of the system's total power generation, increase installation and maintenance efficiency, enhance wind and wave resistance, ensure the long-term stable operation of communication and observation equipment in harsh marine environments, provide high data fusion accuracy, and avoid equipment damage caused by mooring line entanglement.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system includes a buoy body, a water body observation device, an anchoring system, and a control device; The top surface of the buoy body is equipped with solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices; A sensing and communication device is installed above the main body of the buoy, and a water body observation device is installed below it. The signal of the water body observation device is connected to the sensing and communication device. The mooring system includes three anchor bodies, an anchor chain, and a wave energy buoy. The two ends of the anchor chain are connected to the anchor body and the buoy body, respectively, and the wave energy buoy is installed in the middle of the anchor chain. The three anchor bodies are arranged in a triangle with the buoy body as the center, preferably evenly distributed at 120° intervals between each pair, leaving space for the movement of the water body observation device. The wave energy buoy integrates a buoy, a wave energy generator, and a buffer device. The buoy is used to provide buoyancy to raise the anchor chain, the wave energy generator is used to convert the buoy's heaving motion into electrical energy, and the buffer device is used to absorb the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain. The control devices are connected to the solar power generation device, wind power generation device, sensor and communication device, water body observation device and wave energy generator respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the sensing and communication device includes a sensing and communication mast located in the middle of the buoy body, which is used to mount meteorological instruments, communication antennas, and warning lights.

[0009] Furthermore, the water body observation device is used to observe data including water depth, turbidity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water temperature, conductivity, acquisition time, and reception time.

[0010] Furthermore, the wind power generation device includes three wind turbines. The buoy body is equipped with a wind turbine arrangement platform. The three wind turbines are arranged in parallel and evenly on the wind turbine arrangement platform. The wind turbine rotors are connected to the wind turbine arrangement platform through a slewing bearing so that the air intake direction of the three wind turbines always faces the direction of the main wind direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the wave energy generator is a linear generator.

[0012] Furthermore, the buffer device is a hydraulic buffer mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the solar power generation device includes photovoltaic panels laid on the surface of the wind turbine deployment platform of the buoy body.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: The wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementary power supply system ensures the stability of the total power generation of the system, builds a highly robust energy supply system, and reduces the maintenance cost of individual energy sources.

[0015] By integrating the platform, costs are significantly reduced. The communication, observation, power supply, and control systems are integrated into a single buoy turbine deployment platform, avoiding the huge costs of deploying separate platforms (such as construction, deployment, and maintenance). This simplifies the maintenance, inspection, and data acquisition processes and improves installation and operation efficiency. Synchronous observation and real-time communication transmission greatly enhance data quality and timeliness, resulting in high data fusion accuracy.

[0016] The adoption of a three-anchor mooring system significantly increases the overall wind and wave resistance and stability of the device, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the integrated communication and observation equipment in harsh marine environments. The use of a three-anchor mooring system with buoys provides sufficient space for the movement of the cable-bearing water observation device under the buoy body, preventing it from getting tangled with the mooring line and causing equipment damage. The combination of point-absorbing wave energy with the mooring accessory buoys allows the buoys to also act as elastic dampers, absorbing the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain through a hydraulic buffer mechanism and reducing peak tension. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this embodiment.

[0018] In the picture: 1-Buoy body; 2-Sensing and communication mast; 3-Water body observation device; 4-Wind turbine; 5-Photovoltaic panel; 6-Wave energy float; 7-Mooring system; 8-Wind turbine deployment platform. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, a multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system includes a buoy body 1, a water body observation device 3, a three-anchor mooring system 7, and a control device; The top surface of the buoy body 1 is equipped with a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device; A sensing and communication device is installed above the buoy body 1, and a water body observation device 3 is installed below it. The water body observation device 3 is connected to the sensing and communication device. The water body observation device 3 is directly mounted on the bottom of the buoy and shares power supply, positioning (GPS) and data storage modules with the sensing and communication device, avoiding hardware redundancy in traditional separate deployment. The observation data (such as water temperature and salinity) and communication signals are transmitted in real time through the same data bus to ensure spatiotemporal synchronization of observation and transmission, and solve the problem of data fusion accuracy in separate deployment. The three-anchor mooring system 7 includes three anchor bodies, anchor chains, and wave energy buoys 6. The two ends of the anchor chains are connected to the anchor bodies and the wave energy buoys 6, respectively. The three anchor bodies are evenly distributed at 120° around the buoy body 1, which not only disperses the impact load of wind and waves, but also leaves room for the movement of the water body observation device 3. The wave energy buoy 6 integrates a buoy, a wave energy generator, and a buffer device. The buoy is used to provide buoyancy to raise the anchor chain, the wave energy generator is used to convert the buoy's heaving motion into electrical energy, and the buffer device is used to absorb the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain. The control devices are connected to the solar power generation device, wind power generation device, sensor and communication device, water body observation device 3, and wave energy generator. The system monitors energy output (such as photovoltaic panel power, wind turbine speed, and wave energy float 6 power generation) and marine environmental parameters (such as wind speed and wave height) in real time through sensors, dynamically adjusts equipment power consumption (such as automatically reducing the observation frequency when energy is low), and balances power supply and observation needs.

[0021] The wind, solar, and wave energy sources are arranged in a layered layout in the vertical space of the buoy body 1 to avoid mutual interference. The three energy sources are naturally complementary in time and space, ensuring the stability of the total power generation of the system and building a highly robust power supply system, while reducing the maintenance cost of individual energy sources. The communication, observation, power supply, and control systems are integrated into a single buoy body 1 platform, avoiding the huge costs of deploying separate platforms for each function (such as construction, deployment, and maintenance), simplifying the maintenance, inspection, and data acquisition process, and improving installation and operation efficiency. The sensor communication device is integrated with the water body observation device 3, which can conduct synchronous observation and real-time communication transmission, greatly improving data quality and timeliness.

[0022] Specifically, the buoy body 1 mainly provides buoyancy for the system. The buoy body 1 contains energy storage devices, communication devices, sensors, and ballast compartments. In this embodiment, the buoy body 1 platform has a diameter of 15m, a draft of 1.18m, and a freeboard of 1.27m.

[0023] The sensing and communication device includes a sensing and communication mast 2 located in the middle of the buoy body 1. The sensing and communication mast 2 is used to install meteorological instruments, communication antennas and warning lights, including meteorological instruments for measuring wind, various antennas for transmitting data and receiving command / GPS signals, and warning lights and other devices.

[0024] Water body observation device 3 is used to observe water depth, turbidity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water temperature, conductivity (salinity), collection time, and reception time.

[0025] The buoy body is equipped with a wind turbine mounting platform 8. The wind power generation device includes three small wind turbines 4, which are arranged parallel and evenly on the wind turbine mounting platform 8. The wind turbine rotors are connected to the wind turbine mounting platform 8 via slewing bearings, so that the air intake direction of the three wind turbines 4 is always facing the direction of the main wind, maximizing wind energy capture and compensating for the energy gap caused by insufficient sunlight when solar power generation is reduced. In this embodiment, the rated power generation of a single wind turbine 4 is 3.6kW.

[0026] The solar power generation device includes high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels installed on the buoy body 1. The photovoltaic panels primarily supply power during clear weather and prioritize charging the energy storage device. In this embodiment, there are five photovoltaic panels 5, with a total rated power output of 7.5 kW.

[0027] Preferably, the wave energy generator is a linear generator, and the buffer device is a hydraulic buffer mechanism.

[0028] A wave-energy buoy 6 replaces the traditional anchoring buoy, simultaneously achieving three functions: power generation, buffering, and anti-entanglement. Specifically, the wave-energy buoy 6 is equipped with a buoy, a linear generator structure, and a hydraulic buffer mechanism. The buoy provides buoyancy to elevate the anchor chain, offsetting its movement range from that of the water observation device 3, thus preventing entanglement and equipment damage. When the buoy oscillates with the waves, the linear generator structure (permanent magnet and coil assembly) converts the buoy's oscillation motion into electrical energy, providing continuous power generation even in the absence of sunlight and with waves. Simultaneously, the hydraulic buffer mechanism installed at the bottom acts as an elastic damper, absorbing the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain and improving the stability of the mooring system 7. Through the integration of these three functions, the wave-energy buoy 6 significantly improves the system's stability, reliability, and compactness, while reducing installation and maintenance costs.

[0029] In this embodiment, a total of 3 wave energy floats 6 are provided, with a total rated power generation of 3.6kW.

[0030] The system works as follows: 1. Initial Deployment and Startup Anchoring and securing: The ends of the three anchor chains are cast into the seabed at a 120° angle. The length of the anchor chains is adjusted so that the wave energy buoy 6 is suspended below the water surface, ensuring that the buoy body 1 is horizontal and stable. Equipment initialization: Start photovoltaic panel 5, wind turbine 4, wave energy float 6, activate linear generator, lower water body observation device 3 to the preset water depth, connect sensor and communication device to satellite network, and start pre-charging energy storage device.

[0031] 2. Multi-energy synergistic power generation and energy storage Under clear weather conditions: With ample sunlight, photovoltaic panels 5 generate electricity and prioritize charging the energy storage device; when the wind speed is low, wind turbines 4 shut down to avoid inefficient operation; wave energy floats 6 move slightly with the waves to supplement energy storage. In windy or rainy weather: When the wind is strong, the wind turbine 4 starts to compensate for the insufficient power generation of the photovoltaic panel 5; the wave energy float 6 operates efficiently when the wave height is large, continuously replenishing the energy storage device; the energy storage device (such as lithium battery pack) discharges according to the load demand to ensure stable power supply to the equipment. Extreme weather (such as typhoon season): The efficiency of photovoltaic panel 5 decreases due to cloud cover and other reasons. Wind turbine 4 operates at full load under high wind speed, contributing the main power. Wave energy float 6 absorbs the impact through hydraulic buffer mechanism under high wave height, and at the same time, the power generation increases to the peak. The three work together to maintain the power of the energy storage device and avoid power outage.

[0032] 3. Anchoring System 7 Dynamic Response Normal sea conditions: three anchor chains are evenly stressed, wave energy buoys sway slightly, linear generators generate electricity stably, and hydraulic buffer mechanisms are in a low-damping state to reduce energy loss. Strong winds and waves: The impact of wind and waves causes the buoy to roll, and the three anchor chains disperse the load through a 120° evenly distributed design; the wave energy buoy 6 increases the heave amplitude, the hydraulic buffer mechanism starts the high damping mode, the oil throttling increases the buffering force, absorbs the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chains, and reduces the peak tension. At the same time, the linear generator increases the power generation due to the increased motion amplitude. Extreme wave height: The ballast compartment of the buoy body 1 lowers the center of gravity through built-in counterweights, reducing the pitch amplitude; the hydraulic buffer mechanism of the wave energy buoy 6 is fully locked to obtain the maximum buffer force, avoiding the anchor chain from breaking due to overload. At this time, the wave energy buoy 6 does not generate electricity temporarily, prioritizing the safety of the mooring system 7.

[0033] 4. Observation and Communication Operation Real-time observation: Water body observation device 3 collects parameters such as water depth, turbidity, and chlorophyll at a preset frequency. The data is transmitted to the data processing module via the buoy's internal bus to remove outliers. Data communication: The processed observation data and buoy status information (such as energy level and anchor chain tension) are transmitted back to the shore-based platform in real time via an antenna installed on the sensor communication mast 2, while receiving shore-based commands. Collaborative operation: Observation and communication share the same timestamp, ensuring strict correspondence between observation data, transmission time, and location information, thus solving the problem of spatiotemporal asynchrony in traditional separate deployments.

[0034] 5. Long-term cycle and maintenance The system achieves long-term unattended operation through low-power design and multi-energy complementarity; during maintenance, it is only necessary to locate the buoy through shore-based commands, and replace the energy storage device or repair the faulty sensor, which greatly reduces maintenance costs.

[0035] The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system of this application has significant and multi-dimensional synergistic effects, which are mainly reflected in the mutual cooperation and efficiency enhancement of four aspects: energy supply, structural function, equipment operation, and data processing. Through systematic integration, it achieves a technical effect of 1+1>2, as detailed below: I. Coordinated Energy Supply: A multi-energy complementarity of wind, solar, and wave technologies constructs a highly robust energy supply system. The three energy sources naturally synergize in time and space, precisely compensating for the limitations of a single energy source and ensuring power supply stability. Spatiotemporal complementarity and synergy: Under clear weather conditions, solar power generation devices (photovoltaic panels) dominate power supply and prioritize charging energy storage devices; in cloudy, rainy, low-sunlight, or winter scenarios, wind power generation devices (three steerable wind turbines) start up, using wind energy to make up for the solar power shortfall; in scenarios with no sunlight but waves (such as at night or when clouds cover the area during typhoon season), the linear generator of the wave energy buoy converts the heave motion into electrical energy, continuously replenishing the power supply. These three systems cover different weather conditions, avoiding power outages.

[0036] Load adaptation and coordination: The control device monitors the output power of the three energy sources (such as photovoltaic panel power, wind turbine speed, and wave energy generation) and marine environmental parameters (wind speed and wave height) in real time, dynamically adjusts equipment power consumption (such as automatically reducing the observation frequency when energy is low), balances the supply and demand relationship of power generation, energy storage and power consumption, and ensures the long-term stable operation of communication and observation equipment.

[0037] II. Synergy of Structure and Function: Integration of the Triple Functions of the Mooring System and the Wave Energy Buoy. The triple-anchor mooring system and the wave energy buoy do not function independently, but rather achieve synergistic effects of anchoring, power generation, and protection through structural integration. Synergistic wind and wave resistance and anti-entanglement: The three anchor bodies are evenly distributed at 120° around the main body of the buoy, which disperses the impact load of wind and waves and improves the overall stability of the buoy; the wave energy float raises the anchor chain through buoyancy, which is offset from the movement space of the water body observation device below the buoy, so as to avoid the anchor chain from getting entangled with the observation device. At the same time, the three-anchor layout provides sufficient movement space for the observation device, further reducing the risk of entanglement.

[0038] Synergistic Buffering and Power Generation: The hydraulic buffer mechanism integrated into the wave energy buoy acts as an elastic damper for the mooring system, absorbing the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain under strong winds and waves, reducing the peak tension of the anchor chain (avoiding breakage), without affecting the heave motion of the buoy. This motion can synchronously drive a linear generator to generate electricity, achieving synergy between buffering protection and energy recovery, and improving energy supply capacity while ensuring structural safety.

[0039] III. Synergistic Integration of Equipment: Spatiotemporal Synchronization and Cost Optimization of Communication and Observation Systems. Integrating sensing and communication devices, water body observation devices, power supply systems, and control devices onto a single buoy platform enables deep synergy between equipment operation and data processing. Hardware sharing and collaboration: The water body observation device and the sensing and communication device share the power supply module, GPS positioning module and data storage module, avoiding hardware redundancy in traditional separate deployment and reducing construction and deployment costs; the wind turbine platform of the buoy body also serves as a carrier for photovoltaic panel laying, with a vertical spatial layered layout (wind turbine on top, photovoltaic panels on the platform surface), avoiding mutual interference between different devices and improving space utilization.

[0040] Data collaboration: Observational data (water depth, turbidity, chlorophyll, etc.) and communication signals are transmitted in real time through the same data bus and share the same timestamp, ensuring strict correspondence between observation data, transmission time, and location information. This solves the problem of time and space asynchrony caused by traditional separate deployment and greatly improves the accuracy of data fusion. At the same time, real-time communication can synchronously transmit observational data and buoy status (energy level, anchor chain tension) back to the shore, facilitating remote control from the shore and improving operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0041] IV. Overall System Coordination: Multi-component linkage meets the core requirements of a transparent ocean. All parts of the system (power supply, mooring, observation, communication, and control) form a closed-loop coordination around the core objective of long-term, continuous, and high-precision ocean monitoring. The stable output of the power supply system provides continuous power for observation and communication; The mooring system's ability to withstand wind and waves ensures that the buoys are not damaged or drift in harsh environments, providing a safe foundation for equipment operation; The integration of observation and communication ensures real-time data acquisition, real-time transmission, and spatiotemporal synchronization, improving data quality and timeliness; The control device acts as the central hub, coordinating all components to dynamically adapt to environmental changes (such as prioritizing the safety of the anchor chain in extreme weather while maintaining power supply to core equipment), ultimately achieving full-chain collaboration of stable power supply, safe deployment, precise observation, and efficient communication, thus meeting the core needs of Transparent Ocean for marine information services.

[0042] In summary, the synergistic effect of this application runs through the entire process of system design, operation, and function realization. Through the deep integration of multiple energy sources, multiple structures, and multiple devices, it not only solves the single problems of unstable power supply, easy entanglement, low data accuracy, and high cost of traditional buoys, but also achieves a comprehensive improvement in stability, functionality, and economy, demonstrating significant synergistic value.

[0043] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system, characterized in that: Includes the buoy body, water observation equipment, mooring system, and control equipment; The top surface of the buoy body is equipped with solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices; A sensing and communication device is installed above the main body of the buoy, and a water body observation device is installed below it. The signal of the water body observation device is connected to the sensing and communication device. The mooring system consists of three anchor bodies, an anchor chain, and a wave energy buoy. The two ends of the anchor chain are connected to the anchor body and the buoy body, respectively, and the wave energy buoy is installed in the middle of the anchor chain. The three anchor bodies are arranged in a triangle with the buoy body as the center, and the middle part is reserved for the movement of water body observation devices. The wave energy buoy integrates a buoy, a wave energy generator, and a buffer device. The buoy is used to provide buoyancy to raise the anchor chain, the wave energy generator is used to convert the buoy's heaving motion into electrical energy, and the buffer device is used to absorb the instantaneous impact force of the anchor chain. The control devices are connected to the solar power generation device, wind power generation device, sensor and communication device, water body observation device and wave energy generator respectively.

2. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing and communication device includes a sensing and communication mast located in the middle of the buoy body. The sensing and communication mast is used to mount meteorological instruments, communication antennas and warning lights.

3. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water body monitoring devices are used to monitor data including water depth, turbidity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water temperature, conductivity, acquisition time, and reception time.

4. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind power generation device includes three wind turbines. The main body of the buoy is equipped with a wind turbine arrangement platform. The three wind turbines are arranged in parallel and evenly on the wind turbine arrangement platform. The wind turbine rotors are connected to the wind turbine arrangement platform through a slewing bearing so that the air intake direction of the three wind turbines is always facing the direction of the main wind.

5. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wave energy generators are linear generators.

6. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer device is a hydraulic buffer mechanism.

7. The multifunctional wind-solar-wave energy complementary three-anchor buoy system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The solar power generation device includes photovoltaic panels laid on the surface of the wind turbine deployment platform of the buoy body.

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