One-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod constructed based on spherical mesopores and preparation method thereof
By constructing spherical mesoporous structures of one-dimensional bismuth oxide nanorods using the block copolymer single micelle method, the problem of difficulty in achieving both morphology and pore structure in existing technologies has been solved, thereby improving material properties and expanding applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INNER MONGOLIA UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to prepare bismuth oxide materials that combine one-dimensional morphology with an internally interconnected spherical mesoporous structure, which limits their application in fields such as high-efficiency catalysis and energy storage.
By using block copolymer micelles as soft templates, and by precisely controlling the assembly process of the precursor and micelles and subsequent heat treatment conditions, a uniform and interconnected spherical mesoporous structure was constructed in one-dimensional bismuth oxide nanorods.
The specific surface area and pore volume of bismuth oxide nanorods were significantly increased, expanding their application range, especially showing higher catalytic activity and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction.
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Figure CN122010174A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of one-dimensional mesoporous material synthesis technology, specifically relating to a one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod constructed based on spherical mesopores and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] One-dimensional nanomaterials possess many excellent properties, such as high aspect ratio, high conductivity, efficient mass transfer, and excellent mechanical deformation. These structural features enable the construction of conductive permeation networks with a small amount of material, making them widely used in research fields such as photoelectrocatalysis, energy storage, sensors, adsorption, and biomedicine.
[0003] To further improve the performance of bismuth oxide materials, introducing porous structures, especially mesoporous structures, is an effective strategy. Mesoporous structures can significantly increase the specific surface area of the material, expose more active sites, and provide channels for the transport of reactants and ions. Currently, common methods for preparing porous bismuth oxide materials include template-free methods, hard-templated methods, hydrothermal induction methods, and microwave-assisted methods. However, these methods often have limitations: template-free methods result in disordered pore structures and uneven morphology; hard-templated methods are difficult to remove, prone to pore collapse, and costly; hydrothermal induction methods require harsh reaction conditions and have low pore control precision; and microwave-assisted methods have high equipment costs, poor heating uniformity, and difficulty in balancing morphology and structural stability.
[0004] Soft template methods, especially those using micelles formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers as templates, are an effective approach for preparing ordered mesoporous materials. However, there are few reports on the controllable preparation of one-dimensional bismuth oxide nanorods using soft template methods, while simultaneously constructing uniform, interconnected spherical mesopores within and on their surface, and the technology faces challenges.
[0005] Therefore, developing a new method for the simple and controllable preparation of bismuth oxide materials that possess both one-dimensional nanorod morphology and internally interconnected spherical mesopores is of great significance for fully leveraging their structural advantages and expanding their applications in fields such as high-efficiency catalysis and energy storage. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies in preparing bismuth oxide materials with both one-dimensional morphology and internally interconnected spherical mesoporous structures, this invention aims to provide a one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod based on spherical mesopores and its preparation method. This invention uses block copolymer micelles as soft templates and, through precise control of the assembly process of the precursor and micelles, as well as subsequent heat treatment conditions, successfully achieves the goal of constructing uniform, interconnected spherical mesopores within the one-dimensional bismuth oxide nanorods. The nanorods contain spherical, double-sided interconnected channels on both the surface and interior, which can increase the specific surface area and pore volume of the one-dimensional nanorods. These unique channels greatly expand the application range of the one-dimensional mesoporous nanorods.
[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0008] A method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores, specifically including the following steps:
[0009] Step 1: Preparation of block copolymer single micelle solution:
[0010] Block copolymer micelles were used as soft templates and dissolved in a solvent to prepare block copolymer single micelle solutions using a thermodynamically controlled method.
[0011] Step 2: Preparation of bismuth oxide@micelle composite precursor:
[0012] First, a bismuth precursor solution was prepared. Under stirring conditions, the bismuth precursor solution was added dropwise to the block copolymer single micelle solution prepared in step one. Then, a reducing agent was added and the reaction was carried out at a certain temperature for a period of time. After the reaction was completed, the bismuth oxide@micelle composite structure was obtained by centrifugation, washing and drying.
[0013] Step 3: Template Removal and Crystallization
[0014] The bismuth oxide@micelle composite structure obtained in step two was calcined in an oxygen atmosphere to remove the block copolymer single micelles, thereby obtaining one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores.
[0015] Further, in step one, the block copolymer is selected from one of polyethylene oxide-polytetravinylpyridine-polystyrene, polyethylene oxide-polyacrylic acid-polystyrene, polyethylene oxide-polystyrene, polystyrene-polytetravinylpyridine, and polystyrene-polyacrylic acid; the concentration of the block copolymer in the mixed solution is 0.1-40 mg / mL.
[0016] Furthermore, in step one, the temperature controlled by thermodynamics is 20-150℃, and the time is controlled for 0.5-12 hours.
[0017] Further, in step one, the solvent is selected from acetic acid, ethanol, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide / water, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydrofuran / water.
[0018] Further, in step two, the concentration of the bismuth precursor solution is 2-60 mg / mL, and the volume ratio of the block copolymer micelle solution, the bismuth precursor solution, and the reducing agent is 1-6:0.2-4:1-10.
[0019] Furthermore, in step two, the bismuth precursor is one of bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride, bismuth citrate, or bismuth acetate; the reducing agent is selected from one of formic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, citric acid, oxalic acid, sodium nitrite, or hydrazine hydrate.
[0020] Furthermore, in step two, the stirring conditions are magnetic stirring reaction, stirring speed of 200-1000 r / min, and reaction time of 0.5-6 h;
[0021] The initial stage of the reaction was carried out at room temperature, and the later stage was carried out in an oil bath at 40-80℃ for 2-12 hours.
[0022] The centrifugation speed is 2000-15000 rpm / min, the washing conditions and number of times are 1-6 times with deionized water and 1-6 times with 95wt% ethanol solution, the drying temperature is 40-80℃, and the drying time is 10-20h.
[0023] Furthermore, in step three, the calcination is carried out by raising the temperature from room temperature to 350°C at a rate of 1-5°C / min and maintaining it for 3-5 hours.
[0024] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod based on spherical mesopores, which is prepared by the above method. The one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod has a one-dimensional rod-shaped structure with interconnected spherical mesopores on its surface and inside. The pore size of the spherical mesopores is 15-50 nm; the BET specific surface area of the nanorod is 30-90 m². 2 / g.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
[0026] 1. In the preparation process of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores of the present invention, block copolymers, organic solvents / acids, and water form single micelles. These single micelles and the metal precursor self-assemble under the influence of coordination bonds and electrostatic forces to form a bismuth oxide@micelle composite structure. Finally, the single micelles are removed by high-temperature heat treatment, and spherical mesoporous bismuth oxide is obtained using a template method. The resulting one-dimensional mesoporous nanorod material possesses a rich and unique spherical mesoporous structure, which greatly improves the specific surface area and carrier transport velocity of the material. Furthermore, by adjusting the lengths of different blocks within the single micelles, the pore size of the one-dimensional mesoporous nanorods can be controlled.
[0027] 2. The one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores prepared in this invention have a dispersed spherical mesoporous structure, and the pore size of the spherical mesopores is 15-50 nm, with a specific surface area of 30-90 m². 2 / g; its spherical mesopores are a feature not found in other pore-type mesoporous bismuth oxide materials, and are difficult to achieve.
[0028] 3. The one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in this invention exhibit higher catalytic activity (CO yield is usually increased by 1-5 times), better product selectivity (CO selectivity >90%) and longer cycle life in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction through the synergistic design of "one-dimensional directional transport + spherical mesoporous high-efficiency adsorption-mass transfer". Attached Figure Description
[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores according to the present invention.
[0031] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 3 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 4 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 5 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 3 of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 6 This is a specific surface area curve of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 3 of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 7 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the non-spherical mesoporous one-dimensional bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.
[0037] Figure 8 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the granular bismuth oxide prepared in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 9 The above are bar charts showing the activity of the photocatalysts prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of this invention.
[0039] Figure 10 This is a bar chart showing the selectivity of the photocatalysts prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To clearly and completely describe the technical solution and its specific working process of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0041] Example 1
[0042] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores, specifically including the following steps:
[0043] (1) 80 mg of the template molecule amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO113-PVP47-PS106 was added to 20 mL of acetic acid solution and sonicated thoroughly to obtain a milky white solution. The milky white solution was placed in an oven and kept at 110 °C for 3 hours to form a uniform monodisperse single micelle acetic acid solution. The solution temperature was then cooled to room temperature to obtain an ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle solution (blue and transparent).
[0044] (2) The ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle acetic acid solution was placed in a dialysis bag and dialyzed multiple times to obtain a PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle deionized aqueous solution.
[0045] (3) Prepare a precursor solution of bismuth nitrate with a mass concentration of 20-80 mmol. Add the above precursor solution dropwise to 1.0 mL of PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle deionized water solution and stir for 1-3 h to form a precursor@PEO113-PVP47-PS106 composite solution. Add 1 mL of ascorbic acid solution and stir in an oil bath at 60℃ for 12 h at a speed of 600 r / min. Construct Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP47-PS106 nanostructures. After centrifugation and washing 3 times, dry the structure to obtain Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle structure.
[0046] (4) Place the powder sample obtained in step (3) in a muffle furnace and heat it from room temperature to 350°C in air at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min, and keep it for 3-5 hours to remove the PEO113-PVP47-PS106 single micelle soft template and obtain a one-dimensional mesoporous nanorod structure with spherical mesoporous structure.
[0047] Example 1 yielded spherical mesoporous one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods with the following morphology: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, by Figure 2 and Figure 3As can be seen, the one-dimensional mesoporous nanorods prepared in Example 1 have closely arranged depressions on their surface and permeable channels inside. These two features can exhibit a rich and uniform spherical mesoporous structure with a pore size of about 25-38 nm.
[0048] Example 2
[0049] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores, specifically including the following steps:
[0050] (1) 80 mg of the template molecule amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO113-PVP42-PS69 was added to 20 mL of acetic acid solution and sonicated thoroughly to obtain a milky white solution. The milky white solution was placed in an oven and kept at 110 °C for 3 hours to form a uniform monodisperse single micelle acetic acid solution. The solution temperature was then cooled to room temperature to obtain an ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle solution (blue and transparent).
[0051] (2) The ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle acetic acid solution was placed in a dialysis bag and dialyzed multiple times to obtain a PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle deionized water solution.
[0052] (3) Prepare a precursor solution of bismuth nitrate with a mass concentration of 20-80 mmol. Add the above precursor solution dropwise to 1.0 mL of PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle deionized water solution and stir for 1-3 h to form a precursor@PEO113-PVP42-PS69 composite solution. Add 1 mL of ascorbic acid solution and stir in an oil bath at 60℃ for 12 h at a speed of 600 r / min. Construct Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP42-PS69 nanostructures. After centrifugation and washing 3 times, dry the structure to obtain Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle structure.
[0053] (4) Place the powder sample obtained in step (3) in a muffle furnace and raise it from room temperature to 350°C in air at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min and keep it for 3-5 hours to remove the PEO113-PVP42-PS69 single micelle soft template and obtain a one-dimensional mesoporous nanorod structure with spherical mesoporous structure.
[0054] Example 2 yielded spherical mesoporous one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods, the morphology of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, by Figure 4As can be seen, the one-dimensional mesoporous nanorods prepared in Example 2 have closely arranged depressions on their surface and permeable channels inside. These two features can exhibit a rich and uniform spherical mesoporous structure with a pore size of about 19–25 nm.
[0055] Example 3
[0056] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores, specifically including the following steps:
[0057] (1) 80 mg of the template molecule amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO113-PVP56-PS216 was added to 20 mL of acetic acid solution and sonicated thoroughly to obtain a milky white solution. The milky white solution was placed in an oven and kept at 110 °C for 3 hours to form a uniform monodisperse single micelle acetic acid solution. The solution temperature was then cooled to room temperature to obtain an ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle solution (blue and transparent).
[0058] (2) The ultra-stable, monodisperse PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle acetic acid solution was placed in a dialysis bag and dialyzed multiple times to obtain a PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle deionized aqueous solution.
[0059] (3) Prepare a precursor solution of bismuth nitrate with a mass concentration of 20-80 mmol. Add the above precursor solution dropwise to 1.0 mL of PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle deionized water solution and stir for 1-3 h to form a precursor@PEO113-PVP56-PS216 composite solution. Add 1 mL of ascorbic acid solution and stir in an oil bath at 60℃ for 12 h at a speed of 600 r / min. Construct Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP56-PS216 nanostructures. After centrifugation and washing 3 times, dry the structure to obtain Bi2O3@PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle structure.
[0060] (4) Place the powder sample obtained in step (3) in a muffle furnace and heat it from room temperature to 350°C in air at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min and keep it for 3-5 hours to remove the PEO113-PVP56-PS216 single micelle soft template and obtain a one-dimensional mesoporous nanorod structure with spherical mesoporous structure.
[0061] The morphology of the one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods with spherical mesoporous structures obtained in Example 3 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown, by Figure 5As can be seen, the one-dimensional mesoporous nanorods prepared in Example 3 have closely arranged depressions on their surface and permeable channels inside. These two features can exhibit a rich and uniform spherical mesoporous structure with a pore size of about 40-48 nm.
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] This comparative example provides a method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods without spherical mesoporous structures, specifically including the following steps:
[0064] (1) Measure 1.0 mL of deionized water into a reaction flask;
[0065] (2) Prepare a precursor solution of bismuth nitrate with a mass concentration of 20-80 mmol. Add the above precursor solution dropwise to 1.0 mL of deionized water and stir for 1-3 h to form a precursor composite solution. Add 1 mL of ascorbic acid solution and stir in an oil bath at 60 °C for 12 h at a speed of 600 r / min. Construct Bi2O3 nanostructures. After centrifugation and washing 3 times, dry the structure to obtain Bi2O3.
[0066] (3) Place the powder sample obtained in step (2) in a muffle furnace and heat it from room temperature to 350°C in air at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min, and keep it for 3-5 hours to obtain a one-dimensional mesoporous nanorod structure without spherical mesopores.
[0067] Comparative Example 1 yielded one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods without spherical mesopores, as shown in the figure. Figure 7 As shown.
[0068] Comparative Example 2
[0069] This comparative example provides a method for preparing particulate bismuth oxide, specifically including the following steps:
[0070] (1) Measure 1.0 mL of deionized water into a reaction flask;
[0071] (2) Prepare a precursor solution of bismuth nitrate with a mass concentration of 20-80 mmol. Add the above precursor solution dropwise to 1.0 mL of deionized water and dissolve rapidly by ultrasonication. Add 1 mL of ascorbic acid solution directly, mix and stir for 1-3 h to form a precursor composite solution. Stir in an oil bath at 60℃ for 12 h at a speed of 600 r / min. Construct particulate Bi2O3 nanostructures. After centrifugation and washing 3 times, dry the structure to obtain Bi2O3.
[0072] (3) Place the powder sample obtained in step (2) in a muffle furnace and heat it from room temperature to 350°C in air at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min, and keep it for 3-5 hours to obtain a granular bismuth oxide structure.
[0073] Comparative Example 2 yielded a morphology of granular bismuth oxide structure as shown in the figure. Figure 8 As shown.
[0074] Performance testing:
[0075] The spherical mesoporous one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in Example 3, deionized water, triethanolamine, and potassium chloroplatinate solution were mixed at a mass ratio of 0.1:10:0.001 (deionized water was used as the solvent, and the proportion was excluded) to obtain a photocatalyst mixed solution for further testing.
[0076] The bismuth oxide nanorods without spherical mesoporous structure prepared in Comparative Example 1, deionized water, triethanolamine and potassium chloroplatinate solution were mixed at a mass ratio of 0.1:10:0.001 (deionized water was used as solvent, and the ratio was excluded) to obtain a photocatalyst mixed solution for further testing.
[0077] The granular bismuth oxide prepared in Comparative Example 2 was mixed with deionized water, triethanolamine, and potassium chloroplatinate solution at a mass ratio of 0.1:10:0.001 (deionized water was used as the solvent, and the proportion was excluded) to obtain a photocatalyst mixed solution, which will be used for further testing.
[0078] The photocatalyst samples prepared in Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction activity tests, and the results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, by Figure 9 It can be seen that the photocatalyst prepared in Example 3 exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, which is far superior to the photocatalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, the spherical mesoporous one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in this invention have high photocatalytic performance in reducing carbon dioxide.
[0079] The photocatalyst samples prepared in Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction selectivity tests, and the results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, by Figure 10 It can be seen that the photocatalyst prepared in Example 3 exhibits excellent photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction selectivity, which is much higher than that of the photocatalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, the spherical mesoporous one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods prepared in this invention have high photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction selectivity.
[0080] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0081] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.
[0082] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: Step 1: Preparation of block copolymer single micelle solution: Block copolymer micelles were used as soft templates and dissolved in a solvent to prepare block copolymer single micelle solutions using a thermodynamically controlled method. Step 2: Preparation of bismuth oxide@micelle composite precursor: First, a bismuth precursor solution was prepared. Under stirring conditions, the bismuth precursor solution was added dropwise to the block copolymer single micelle solution prepared in step one. Then, a reducing agent was added and the reaction was carried out at a certain temperature for a period of time. After the reaction was completed, the bismuth oxide@micelle composite structure was obtained by centrifugation, washing and drying. Step 3: Template Removal and Crystallization The bismuth oxide@micelle composite structure obtained in step two was calcined in an oxygen atmosphere to remove the block copolymer single micelles, thereby obtaining one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores.
2. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the block copolymer is selected from one of polyethylene oxide-polytetravinylpyridine-polystyrene, polyethylene oxide-polyacrylic acid-polystyrene, polyethylene oxide-polystyrene, polystyrene-polytetravinylpyridine, and polystyrene-polyacrylic acid; the concentration of the block copolymer in the mixed solution is 0.1-40 mg / mL.
3. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the temperature controlled by thermodynamics is 20-150℃, and the time is controlled for 0.5-12 hours.
4. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the solvent is selected from acetic acid, ethanol, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide / water, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydrofuran / water.
5. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the concentration of the bismuth precursor solution is 2-60 mg / mL, and the volume ratio of the block copolymer micelle solution, the bismuth precursor solution, and the reducing agent is 1-6:0.2-4:1-10.
6. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the bismuth precursor is one of bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride, bismuth citrate, or bismuth acetate; the reducing agent is selected from one of formic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, citric acid, oxalic acid, sodium nitrite, or hydrazine hydrate.
7. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the stirring conditions are magnetic stirring reaction, stirring speed of 200-1000 r / min, and reaction time of 0.5-6 h; The initial stage of the reaction was carried out at room temperature, and the later stage was carried out in an oil bath at 40-80℃ for 2-12 hours. The centrifugation speed is 2000-15000 rpm / min, the washing conditions and number of times are 1-6 times with deionized water and 1-6 times with 95wt% ethanol solution, the drying temperature is 40-80℃, and the drying time is 10-20h.
8. The method for preparing one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods based on spherical mesopores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the calcination is carried out by raising the temperature from room temperature to 350°C at a rate of 1-5°C / min and maintaining it for 3-5 hours.
9. A one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorod constructed based on spherical mesopores, characterized in that, The one-dimensional mesoporous bismuth oxide nanorods are prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-8, and have a one-dimensional rod-shaped structure with interconnected spherical mesopores on their surface and inside, the pore size of which is 15-50 nm; the BET specific surface area of the nanorods is 30-90 m². 2 / g.