Polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material and application thereof in water-based damping coating
By using a composite foaming material with modified polyurethane coated with ammonium bicarbonate, the problems of insufficient environmental protection and stability in water-based damping coatings are solved, improving sound insulation, vibration reduction performance and environmental protection, and making it suitable for high-performance water-based damping coatings.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AIHUA (ZHEJIANG) NEW MATERIAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing waterborne damping coatings have problems such as poor environmental performance, insufficient stability and complex production processes. Ammonium bicarbonate has poor compatibility with polyurethane materials, which limits its application in high-performance coatings.
A composite structure of modified polyurethane and ammonium bicarbonate is adopted. Cross-linked structural units are introduced by reacting amino functional groups with isocyanates, and plasticizers and toughening agents are added to form a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material, which improves its dispersibility and stability.
It significantly improves the foaming effect, performance stability and environmental friendliness of water-based damping coatings, enhances sound insulation and vibration reduction performance, and maintains good performance in high humidity and high temperature environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN122011743A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to composite foaming materials and their applications, particularly the application of a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings. Background Technology
[0002] Existing waterborne damping coatings are mainly used for sound insulation and vibration reduction, and are widely used in construction, automotive, and industrial equipment. Traditional waterborne damping coatings typically rely on conventional foaming materials, such as polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam, which can effectively improve the sound insulation and vibration reduction performance of the coating. However, traditional foaming materials have some drawbacks, such as being less environmentally friendly, having poor stability, and complex production processes, which limit their application in high-performance coatings.
[0003] In recent years, with increasing environmental protection requirements and the continuous development of functional materials, the industry has placed greater emphasis on the environmental friendliness, performance diversity, and long-term stability of water-based damping coatings. Particularly in the area of foaming agents for coatings, the search for more environmentally friendly and higher-performance alternatives has become a research hotspot.
[0004] Ammonium bicarbonate, as a harmless and environmentally friendly foaming agent, possesses excellent foaming properties. However, its poor compatibility with conventional polyurethane materials limits its application in composite foam materials. To address this issue, researchers have attempted to improve the compatibility and foaming effect of ammonium bicarbonate by coating it with modified polyurethane, thereby enhancing the performance of waterborne damping coatings.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material, and its application in waterborne damping coatings should be explored, in order to improve the performance of waterborne damping coatings through innovative material design, while meeting the requirements of environmental protection and high performance. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing water-based damping coating foam materials in terms of environmental friendliness and performance stability, this invention aims to provide a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material for use in water-based damping coatings. This composite foam material employs a modified polyurethane and ammonium bicarbonate composite structure. Through innovative coating technology, the dispersibility and stability of ammonium bicarbonate within the polyurethane are significantly improved, thereby enhancing the sound insulation and vibration damping performance of the water-based damping coating. This invention, by coating ammonium bicarbonate with polyurethane, can improve the foaming effect, performance stability, and environmental friendliness of water-based damping coatings, and has promising application prospects.
[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts modified polyurethane; 10-30 parts ammonium bicarbonate; 0.5-2 parts surfactant; 0.5-2 parts stabilizer; 0.2-1 parts antioxidant; 1-3 parts plasticizer; and 1-3 parts toughening agent. The modified polyurethane is introduced by reacting amino functional groups with isocyanate to introduce structural units that enhance crosslinking. The plasticizer and toughening agent are added to the polyurethane to improve its flexibility and compatibility with ammonium bicarbonate.
[0008] Optionally, the modified polyurethane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of polyurethane prepolymer; 10-15 parts of toluene diisocyanate; 1-3 parts of dioctyl phthalate; 1-3 parts of polyether polyol; 0.5-2 parts of ethylenediamine; and 0.5-2 parts of melamine.
[0009] Optionally, the method for preparing modified polyurethane includes the following steps: (1) Mix polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate in a molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 until the isocyanate group content reaches 0.5% to 1.5% to obtain a reaction mixture; (2) Add dioctyl phthalate and polyether polyol to the reaction mixture and stir until the plasticizer and toughening agent are completely dispersed. (3) Add ethylenediamine to the reaction mixture and stir for 30 minutes to ensure that the amino functional groups react completely with the isocyanate to form modified polyurethane; (4) Add melamine to the reaction system and continue stirring to allow the melamine to undergo a crosslinking reaction with the polyurethane prepolymer; (5) After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain modified polyurethane. The residual solvent is removed by vacuum and the mixture is then granulated to obtain the final product.
[0010] Optionally, the mixing temperature in step (1) is 80 to 100°C.
[0011] Optionally, the stirring conditions in step (2) are to stir at 100-120°C for 1-2 hours.
[0012] Optionally, the stirring reaction in step (4) lasts for 1 to 2 hours, with the temperature controlled at 120 to 130°C.
[0013] Optionally, the granulation process in step (5) is carried out at 80 to 120°C, and the polyurethane material is cooled by air cooling to form particles of 1 to 3 mm in size.
[0014] Optionally, the surfactant is a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and ethoxylated olefin in a mass ratio of 1:2; the stabilizer is a mixture of benzophenone and heat stabilizer triphenyl phosphite in a mass ratio of 1:1; the antioxidant is a mixture of tert-butyl-p-cresol and hypophosphite in a mass ratio of 1:0.5; the plasticizer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and diethyl succinate in a mass ratio of 3:1; and the toughening agent is a mixture of polyether polyol and polyester polyol in a mass ratio of 2:1.
[0015] Optionally, a method for preparing a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material includes the following steps: S1, mix modified polyurethane with ammonium bicarbonate, add surfactant, stabilizer, antioxidant, plasticizer and toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 80-120℃ for 1-2 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and a uniform composite foam material is formed; S3, cool to room temperature to obtain the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material.
[0016] Optionally, the application of a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings, wherein the composite foaming material is mixed with a water-based resin, a filler, and a water-based solvent to obtain a water-based damping coating, wherein the water-based resin is an acrylic resin, the filler is quartz powder, the water-based solvent is deionized water, and the amount of the composite foaming material added is 5% to 20% of the total mass of the water-based damping coating.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention successfully improves the dispersibility and compatibility of ammonium bicarbonate with polyurethane by coating it with modified polyurethane, thereby enhancing the foaming stability and elasticity of the composite foaming material. This significantly improves the sound insulation and vibration damping performance of the water-based damping coating, while maintaining the long-term stability of the coating. Furthermore, the use of modified polyurethane allows the coating to maintain good performance even in high humidity and high temperature environments, meeting higher environmental protection requirements. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] Figure 1 A comparison of the infrared spectra of polyurethane and modified polyurethane; Figure 2 A comparison chart showing the gelation time and sound insulation performance of samples with different formulation ratios; Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the damping performance and thermal stability of samples with different formulations. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Equivalent adjustments made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1 This embodiment aims to verify the application of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings. Using an upper limit formulation design, its performance in sound insulation, vibration damping and environmental adaptability is evaluated.
[0022] from Figure 1 As can be seen, the infrared spectra of modified polyurethane and polyurethane show different absorption peaks below 2000 cm⁻¹, reflecting the influence of the modification process on the chemical structure. The NH stretching vibration peak of unmodified polyurethane and modified polyurethane is basically the same at 3400 cm⁻¹, but the intensity of this peak increases after modification, indicating that more amino functional groups are introduced during modification. The C=O stretching vibration peak at 1640 cm⁻¹ is significantly enhanced in modified polyurethane, showing the introduction of amide groups, which may be due to the cross-linking structure formed by the reaction of isocyanate and polyether polyol. After modification, a new CN stretching vibration peak is added at 1200 cm⁻¹, indicating that the introduction of ethylenediamine forms a new CN bond, further increasing the degree of cross-linking. The SO stretching vibration peak appears at 1050 cm⁻¹ after modification, indicating that the introduction of dioctyl phthalate enhances the compatibility and structural stability of polyurethane. Overall, the infrared spectrum of modified polyurethane shows more functional groups and cross-linking structural features, verifying the modification effect. S1, mix 70 parts of modified polyurethane and 30 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, add 2 parts of surfactant, 2 parts of stabilizer, 1 part of antioxidant, 3 parts of plasticizer and 3 parts of toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture. S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 100°C for 2 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and form a uniform composite foam material; S3, cooled to room temperature, yields the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material. The composite foam material is then mixed with water-based acrylate resin, quartz powder, and deionized water in a specific ratio to obtain a water-based damping coating, with 20% of the total mass being the composite foam material.
[0023] Example 2 The purpose of this embodiment is to verify the practical application effect of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings under intermediate formulation, with particular attention to its performance under different working conditions.
[0024] S1, mix 65 parts of modified polyurethane and 20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, add 1.5 parts of surfactant, 1.5 parts of stabilizer, 0.8 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of plasticizer and 2 parts of toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 90°C for 1.5 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and form a uniform composite foam material; S3, cooled to room temperature, yields the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material. The composite foam material is then mixed with water-based acrylate resin, quartz powder, and deionized water in a specific ratio to obtain a water-based damping coating, with 10% of the total mass being the composite foam material.
[0025] Example 3 The purpose of this embodiment is to evaluate the effect of low-addition application of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings, especially its performance and feasibility under light loads.
[0026] S1, mix 60 parts of modified polyurethane and 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, add 0.5 parts of surfactant, 0.5 parts of stabilizer, 0.2 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of plasticizer and 1 part of toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 80°C for 1 hour to ensure that the components are fully mixed and form a uniform composite foam material; S3, cooled to room temperature, yields the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material. The composite foam material is then mixed with water-based acrylate resin, quartz powder, and deionized water in a specific ratio to obtain a water-based damping coating, with 5% of the total mass being the composite foam material.
[0027] Comparative Example 1 The purpose of this embodiment is to verify the application effect of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings without modification of polyurethane, with a focus on the impact of modification on coating performance.
[0028] S1, mix 65 parts of polyurethane and 20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, add 1.5 parts of surfactant, 1.5 parts of stabilizer, 0.8 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of plasticizer and 2 parts of toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain a composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 90°C for 1.5 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and form a uniform composite foam material; S3, cooled to room temperature, yields the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material. The composite foam material is then mixed with water-based acrylate resin, quartz powder, and deionized water in a specific ratio to obtain a water-based damping coating, with 10% of the total mass being the composite foam material.
[0029] Comparative Example 2 The purpose of this embodiment is to verify the application effect of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material in water-based damping coatings without the introduction of organic small molecules, with a focus on the influence of organic small molecules on coating performance.
[0030] S1, mix 65 parts of modified polyurethane and 20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, add 1.5 parts of surfactant, 1.5 parts of stabilizer, 0.8 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of plasticizer and 2 parts of toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 90°C for 1.5 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and form a uniform composite foam material; S3, cooled to room temperature, yields the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material. The composite foam material is then mixed with water-based acrylate resin, quartz powder, and deionized water in a specific ratio to obtain a water-based damping coating, with 10% of the total mass being the composite foam material.
[0031] Performance testing 1. Gel formation time test This test was used to evaluate the gelation rate of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming materials in waterborne damping coatings. The prepared waterborne damping coating was placed in an environment of 37°C, and the time from application to ceasing to flow was measured and recorded. A shorter gelation time indicates higher curing efficiency in practical applications, which helps improve production efficiency and ease of application.
[0032] 2. Sound insulation performance test This test was used to evaluate the sound insulation effect of composite foam materials with different ratios in water-based damping coatings. Test specimens were installed in a standard laboratory environment, and noise of different frequencies was generated using a sound source. The sound insulation effect of the coating was measured using a sound level meter. During the test, the noise attenuation value between the coating surface and the reflective surface was measured, and the results are expressed in decibels. A higher attenuation value indicates better sound insulation performance.
[0033] 3. Vibration damping performance test Vibration damping performance testing evaluates the vibration damping capability of composite foam materials by measuring the dynamic modulus and damping ratio of water-based damping coatings. In the experiment, the coating is applied to a standard test panel, and vibrations within a specific frequency range are generated using vibration testing equipment. The vibration damping performance of the coating is calculated by measuring the displacement response and energy dissipation of the panel. A higher damping ratio indicates a stronger vibration damping effect, thus improving the coating's effectiveness in vibration isolation and seismic resistance applications.
[0034] 4. Thermal stability test Thermal stability testing is used to evaluate the stability of waterborne damping coatings at different temperatures. After exposing a waterborne damping coating sample to a high-temperature environment for a certain period, changes in the coating's physical properties, such as hardness, adhesion, and flexibility, are measured. The test results reflect the coating's durability and performance retention under high-temperature conditions; good thermal stability ensures the coating's long-term use in high-temperature environments.
[0035] Table 1 Performance Test Results
[0036] According to the performance test results in Table 1, Example 2 exhibited the best performance in all tests, especially in terms of gelation time, sound insulation attenuation value, vibration damping effect, and thermal stability, significantly outperforming other examples and comparative examples. The excellent performance of Example 2 verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming materials in water-based damping coatings, particularly their advantages in improving coating curing efficiency, sound insulation, vibration damping performance, and thermal stability.
[0037] Regarding the gelation time, Figure 2 Example 2 exhibited the best curing efficiency, with a curing time of 10 minutes, significantly shorter than the other examples and comparative examples, demonstrating its high-efficiency curing capability in production. In contrast, the curing times of Examples 1 and 3 were 15 minutes and 13 minutes, respectively, still better than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, but not comparable to Example 2. The curing times of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were 20 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively, showing longer curing times that may affect construction efficiency in practical applications.
[0038] In the sound insulation attenuation value test Figure 2 Example 2 showed the highest sound insulation attenuation value of 40dB among all test groups, indicating its superior sound insulation performance. Examples 3 and 1 showed sound insulation effects of 35dB and 30dB respectively, which, while good, were still inferior to Example 2. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 showed sound insulation attenuation values of only 20dB and 22dB respectively, significantly worse, indicating considerable room for improvement in their sound insulation performance.
[0039] In the shock absorption effect test, Figure 3 Example 2 exhibits a damping ratio of 0.45, demonstrating optimal vibration reduction capability, far exceeding other examples and comparative examples. Examples 1 and 3 have damping ratios of 0.30 and 0.38, respectively, which, while also showing some vibration reduction effect, are inferior to Example 2. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have damping ratios of only 0.15 and 0.18, indicating poor vibration reduction performance and failing to meet the requirements of high-performance damping coatings.
[0040] In thermal stability testing, Figure 3Example 2 showed a hardness change of only 2%, demonstrating good thermal stability and maintaining a low hardness change under high-temperature conditions. Examples 3 and 1 showed hardness changes of 3% and 5%, respectively, exhibiting some thermal stability, but slightly less than Example 2. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 showed hardness changes of 8% and 10%, respectively, indicating poor thermal stability; long-term exposure to high temperatures may affect the coating's performance.
[0041] In summary, Example 2 demonstrated the best performance in all test items, especially in terms of gelation time, sound insulation attenuation value, shock absorption effect and thermal stability, which were superior to other examples and comparative examples. This verifies the superiority of the polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material of the present invention in water-based damping coatings.
Claims
1. A polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material, characterized in that, The composite foam material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts modified polyurethane; 10-30 parts ammonium bicarbonate; 0.5-2 parts surfactant; 0.5-2 parts stabilizer; 0.2-1 parts antioxidant; 1-3 parts plasticizer; and 1-3 parts toughening agent. The modified polyurethane is introduced by reacting amino functional groups with isocyanate to introduce structural units that enhance crosslinking, and the plasticizer and toughening agent are added to the polyurethane.
2. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified polyurethane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of polyurethane prepolymer; 10-15 parts of toluene diisocyanate; 1-3 parts of dioctyl phthalate; 1-3 parts of polyether polyol; 0.5-2 parts of ethylenediamine; and 0.5-2 parts of melamine.
3. A polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the modified polyurethane includes the following steps: (1) Mix polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate in a molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 to obtain a reaction mixture; (2) Add dioctyl phthalate and polyether polyol to the reaction mixture and stir until homogeneous; (3) Add ethylenediamine to the reaction mixture and stir for 30 minutes to form modified polyurethane; (4) Add melamine to the reaction system and continue stirring; (5) After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain modified polyurethane. The residual solvent is removed by vacuum and the mixture is then granulated to obtain the final product.
4. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixing temperature in step (1) is 80-100℃.
5. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stirring conditions in step (2) are to stir at 100-120°C for 1-2 hours.
6. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stirring reaction in step (4) lasts for 1 to 2 hours, with the temperature controlled at 120 to 130°C.
7. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (5), the granulation process is carried out at 80-120°C, and the polyurethane material is cooled by air cooling to form particles of 1-3 mm in size.
8. The polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foaming material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant is a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and ethoxylated olefins in a mass ratio of 1:2; the stabilizer is a mixture of benzophenone and the heat stabilizer triphenyl phosphite in a mass ratio of 1:1; the antioxidant is a mixture of tert-butyl-p-cresol and hypophosphite in a mass ratio of 1:0.5; the plasticizer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and diethyl succinate in a mass ratio of 3:1; and the toughening agent is a mixture of polyether polyol and polyester polyol in a mass ratio of 2:
1.
9. A method for preparing a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material, wherein the polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material is as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, mix modified polyurethane with ammonium bicarbonate, add surfactant, stabilizer, antioxidant, plasticizer and toughening agent, stir evenly to obtain composite foam mixture; S2, the composite foam mixture is heated and reacted at 80-120℃ for 1-2 hours to ensure that the components are fully mixed and a uniform composite foam material is formed; S3, cool to room temperature to obtain the final polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material.
10. The application of a polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material in water-based damping coatings, wherein the polyurethane-coated ammonium bicarbonate composite foam material is as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... The composite foaming material is mixed with water-based resin, filler and water-based solvent to obtain water-based damping coating, wherein the water-based resin is acrylic resin, the filler is quartz powder and the water-based solvent is deionized water, and the amount of the composite foaming material added is 5% to 20% of the total mass of the water-based damping coating.