Preparation method of anti-reflection wear-resistant water-resistant self-cleaning anti-fog super-hydrophilic coating
By introducing hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes into the superhydrophilic coating to form a chemically cross-linked network structure, the problems of low efficiency and poor durability of traditional coatings in dark environments are solved, achieving efficient anti-fogging, self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and water-resistant properties, simplifying the preparation process and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XINJIANG UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Traditional TiO2-based superhydrophilic coatings are inefficient in dark or low-light environments, suffer from surfactant loss leading to poor durability, and have complex and costly preparation methods, limiting their widespread application.
Hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes are used as functional fillers to form a dense network structure through chemical cross-linking with tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agent and surfactant, thereby preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that is transparent, wear-resistant, and water-resistant.
It achieves efficient anti-fogging and self-cleaning performance in dark or low-light environments. The coating maintains excellent wear and water resistance under high friction and high temperature, simplifies the preparation process and reduces costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN122011819A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomimetic superwetting interface technology for transparent material surfaces, and in particular to a method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, superhydrophilic coating that is transparent, wear-resistant, and water-resistant. Background Technology
[0002] Transparent materials have wide applications in various technological fields, including photovoltaic systems, agricultural greenhouses, and protective covers for drone optical lenses and sensors. However, during use, transparent materials often experience a significant decrease in light transmittance due to surface fogging or dust accumulation, which affects their functional performance and increases safety risks. Furthermore, frequent cleaning and maintenance caused by fog and contamination not only increases maintenance costs but also shortens the lifespan of equipment. Therefore, developing efficient and durable anti-fogging and self-cleaning coating technologies for transparent material surfaces has significant application value.
[0003] Superhydrophilic coatings enable droplets to rapidly spread and form a uniform water film on their surface, effectively reducing visible light transmission loss and creating an isolation layer between contaminants and the substrate. This results in highly efficient anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties, demonstrating promising application prospects. However, traditional TiO2-based superhydrophilic coatings rely on light to excite the generation of abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface, making them ineffective in dark or low-light environments and resulting in low efficiency. To overcome this limitation, researchers have prepared various superhydrophilic coatings by introducing surfactants. However, in practical applications, these coatings are prone to surfactant loss under wetting or frictional conditions, leading to poor coating durability. On the other hand, traditional coating preparation methods, such as vapor deposition and laser etching, generally suffer from complex processes and are limited by substrate size, resulting in high manufacturing costs and hindering their large-scale application. Further improvements are still needed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that enhances transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance, thereby solving the aforementioned problems in the background art. This invention constructs a superhydrophilic composite coating integrating transparency enhancement, wear resistance, water resistance, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning functions. This coating uses hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes as functional fillers. The large number of -OH groups present on their surfaces can undergo dehydration condensation with tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agents, and surfactants to form a chemically cross-linked, dense network structure, giving the coating excellent wear resistance and water resistance.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: One of the technical solutions of this invention is to provide a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and super-hydrophilic coating that is enhanced in transparency, wear-resistant, and water-resistant, wherein the raw materials, by mass percentage, include: Acetic acid 2.0-4.0 wt.%, hollow nanoparticles 0.2-1.0 wt.%, nanotubes 0.3-0.6 wt.%, modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (ADPC) 0.2-0.5 wt.%, tetraethyl orthosilicate 0.5-3 wt.%, silane coupling agent 1.0-2.5 wt.%, surfactant 0.4-3 wt.%, and balance solvent.
[0006] The amount of modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate added in this invention should not be too high. Tests conducted by gradually increasing the amount of modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (above 0.5 wt.%) revealed that the initial contact angle of the coating remained almost unchanged, but the light transmittance gradually decreased due to changes in surface roughness. When the amount of modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate was further increased to 3.0 wt.%, the surface roughness decreased significantly, which is detrimental to the construction of surface micro / nano structures, leading to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the coating.
[0007] This invention adjusts the pH of the solution to 4-6.5 by adding acetic acid. The acidity or alkalinity of the raw material system directly affects the morphology of the products after the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate. During the experimental process, this invention found that the coating prepared under the acidic conditions specified in this invention achieves an anti-reflective effect, while the opposite is not true.
[0008] Preferably, the hollow nanoparticles are hollow silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 40-70 nm.
[0009] Preferably, the hollow silica nanoparticles have a particle size of 40, 50, 60, or 70 nm, and a ratio of 20-10:8:3:1.
[0010] Preferably, the nanotube is halloysite nanotube with a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 0.5-2 μm.
[0011] Preferably, the modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
[0012] Preferably, the modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is prepared by mixing copper oxide and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate in a solution at a mass ratio of 1:5.
[0013] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550).
[0014] Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of the following: ammonia-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.
[0015] Preferably, the solvent is water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1-3.
[0016] The second technical solution of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and super-hydrophilic coating, comprising the following steps: The acetic acid, hollow nanoparticles, nanotubes, modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agent, surfactant, and solvent are mixed to obtain the enhanced-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating.
[0017] Preferably, the mixing is carried out by stirring at a temperature of 50°C and a rotation speed of 1000-1500 rpm for 60 min.
[0018] The third technical solution of this invention provides a method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that is anti-reflective, wear-resistant, and water-resistant, comprising the following steps: The above-mentioned anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fog, and super-hydrophilic coating is applied to the substrate surface and cured to form the anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fog, and super-hydrophilic coating.
[0019] Furthermore, the substrate is glass.
[0020] Furthermore, the substrate includes an activation step before use. The activation method is as follows: the substrate is ultrasonically soaked in ethanol for 30 min, then soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for 10-30 s, then taken out, rinsed with water, and dried for later use.
[0021] Preferably, the coating method is wiping, dipping, spraying, rolling, or scraping.
[0022] The technical principle of this invention is as follows: In the transparent, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating of this invention, hollow silica nanoparticles of different sizes are densely packed to improve the coating's transparency, increase its density, and enhance its wear resistance. Halloysite nanotubes with a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 0.5-2 μm are used as the composite filler in the coating. Through the synergistic amplification effect of size composite and structural composite, the coating can maintain high light transmittance while possessing ultra-high wear resistance.
[0023] The tightly packed hollow silica nanoparticles achieve refractive index matching to improve light transmittance, while working together with halloysite nanotubes to form a three-dimensional reinforcing network, which significantly improves the density, hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the coating, ultimately resulting in a composite coating that combines high transparency, superhydrophilicity, anti-fogging, self-cleaning and high durability.
[0024] The surfactant used in this invention is reactive. By grafting abundant amino or polyether segments onto the surface of nanoparticles, the dissolution and migration of hydrophilic components are significantly delayed, thereby endowing the coating with excellent water resistance. The free siloxanes in the surfactant form physical adsorption, while the grafted amino or polyether segments form chemical bonds.
[0025] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention constructs a superhydrophilic composite coating that integrates anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning functions. The coating uses hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes as functional fillers. The numerous -OH groups on their surfaces can undergo dehydration condensation with tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agents, and surfactants to form a chemically cross-linked, dense network structure. This results in excellent wear and water resistance, and the preparation method is simple and convenient, making it highly valuable for applications.
[0026] Taber friction and wear tests demonstrated that the coating still exhibited good anti-fogging performance after being subjected to 800 revolutions of friction with a CS-10F grinding wheel with a 250 g load. Boiling resistance tests showed that after boiling for 2.5 hours, the surface contact angle of the coating was less than 10°, and it still exhibited good wettability, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning properties, demonstrating wear resistance and water resistance not found in conventional superhydrophilic coatings. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the superhydrophilic coating of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the antireflective structure and main components of the superhydrophilic coating of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 3 This is a comparison of the contact effects of the coating, blank glass, water, underwater soybean oil, and underwater carbon tetrachloride in Example 1. In the figures, A represents the water contact effect, B represents the underwater soybean oil contact effect, and C represents the underwater carbon tetrachloride contact effect.
[0031] Figure 4 The test diagrams show the self-cleaning performance (A) and anti-fogging performance (B) of the coating in Example 1.
[0032] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural morphology diagram of the coating in Example 1.
[0033] Figure 6 The image shows the SEM microstructure of the coating surface of the glass sample with the superhydrophilic coating in Example 1 (A), and a comparison of its visible light transmittance with that of the blank glass (B).
[0034] Figure 7 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fog effect of the coating in Example 1 after being rubbed by a CS-10 grinding wheel with a load of 250 g for 800 revolutions.
[0035] Figure 8 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fogging effect of the coating in Example 1 after boiling in water for 2.5 hours.
[0036] Figure 9 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fogging effect of the coating in Example 2 after being rubbed by a CS-10 grinding wheel with a load of 250 g for 500 revolutions.
[0037] Figure 10 This is a surface microstructure image of the coating in Example 6. Detailed Implementation
[0038] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention.
[0039] Furthermore, regarding the numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, are also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.
[0040] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. It should be noted that any aspects of this invention not described in detail are conventional practices in the art and are not the focus of this invention.
[0041] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” etc., used in this invention are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.
[0042] The halloysite nanotubes used in this invention have a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 0.5-2 μm. The preparation method of the copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is as follows: copper oxide is added to an aluminum dihydrogen phosphate solution, making the mass ratio of copper oxide to aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 1:5, to obtain copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate. The solvent used is deionized water and anhydrous ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:3.
[0043] Unless otherwise specified, room temperature in this invention is calculated as 10-30°C.
[0044] All raw materials used in the following embodiments of the present invention are commercially available products.
[0045] Example 1 A method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that is anti-reflective, wear-resistant, and water-resistant includes the following steps: (1) In 80 mL of solvent (deionized water and anhydrous ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:3), 2 mL of acetic acid was added sequentially to adjust the pH value of the solution, 1.0 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.5 g of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) as a crosslinking agent for the coating component, and 1.0 g of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane as a surfactant. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then, 0.5 g of hollow silica nanoparticles (composed of raw materials with particle sizes of 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, and 70 nm, with corresponding mass ratios of 10:8:3:1) and 0.3 g of halloysite nanotubes were added as coating fillers. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 1 h. Then, 0.5 g of copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate was added as a binder. The mixture was stirred for 60 min under constant temperature water bath conditions of 50 °C and 1000 rpm. Finally, the solvent was titrated to 100 mL to obtain the coating.
[0046] (2) Soak the glass in anhydrous ethanol for 30 min by ultrasonication, then soak the glass in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for 20 s, take it out, rinse it with distilled water, and dry it for later use. (3) The coating obtained in step (1) is applied to the glass surface treated in step (2) by spraying. After being placed at room temperature for 10 min, a superhydrophilic coating is formed, and a glass sample with a superhydrophilic coating is obtained.
[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the superhydrophilic coating of the present invention.
[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the antireflective structure and main components of the superhydrophilic coating of the present invention.
[0049] Effect verification The effects of water and oil contact were tested by dripping dyed water droplets and soybean oil onto the coating surface, and compared with the corresponding effects on glass.
[0050] Figure 3 This is a comparison of the contact effects of the coating, blank glass, water, underwater soybean oil, and underwater carbon tetrachloride in Example 1. In the figures, A represents the water contact effect, B represents the underwater soybean oil contact effect, and C represents the underwater carbon tetrachloride contact effect.
[0051] Figure 3 In the image, the small image on the left is the coating sample of Example 1, and the small image on the right is the blank glass sample.
[0052] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the water contact angle of the coating in Example 1 is 4.2°, the underwater soybean oil contact angle is 141.2°, and the underwater carbon tetrachloride contact angle is 112.7°. In contrast, the water contact angle of the blank glass sample is 46.9°, the underwater soybean oil contact angle is 32.1°, and the underwater carbon tetrachloride contact angle is 63.5°.
[0053] The coating sample from Example 1 was placed in water, and then a mixture of dyed sand and oil was added to test its self-cleaning process underwater. Water at 50°C was poured into a beaker, and then the glass sample from Example 1 with the superhydrophilic coating was placed 3 cm above the liquid surface to test its anti-fogging performance. The test results are shown below. Figure 4 .
[0054] Figure 4 The images show the test results for the self-cleaning performance (A) and anti-fogging performance (B) of the coating in Example 1. Due to the superhydrophilic properties of the coating surface, a uniform water film forms on the coating surface underwater or in high humidity environments, isolating contaminants and reducing visible light scattering loss. Therefore, the coating sample exhibits excellent underwater self-cleaning and anti-fogging performance.
[0055] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural morphology diagram of the coating in Example 1. It can be seen that the coating surface is smooth and dense, with nanoscale roughness, and a roughness Rq of 9.07 nm.
[0056] The transmittance of the glass sample with a superhydrophilic coating in Example 1 was tested in the visible light wavelength range (380-780 nm). Figure 6 The image shows the SEM microstructure of the coating surface of the glass sample with the superhydrophilic coating in Example 1 (A), and a comparison of its visible light transmittance with that of the blank glass (B).
[0057] In the figure, Coated represents Example 1, and Bare represents blank glass.
[0058] Because the cavity diameter of hollow silica is significantly smaller than the wavelength of visible light (minimum 380 nm), Rayleigh scattering is greatly suppressed when visible light passes through the coated sample. Furthermore, the uniformly distributed and densely packed multi-sized hollow silica nanoparticles enhance the coating's density, further eliminating additional scattering caused by interparticle voids. This allows most visible light to penetrate the coating unimpeded, avoiding local refractive index abrupt changes, thereby synergistically reducing volume scattering and improving the overall light transmittance of the coating. Figure 6 It can be seen that the light transmittance of the glass sample with superhydrophilic coating in Example 1 reached 93.1%, which is superior to that of the blank glass sample.
[0059] Taber friction and wear tests demonstrated that the high aspect ratio of halloysite nanotubes in the coating of this invention enables them to form a three-dimensional network framework within the matrix, effectively bearing and dispersing stress. Secondly, the excellent interfacial bonding achieves efficient stress transfer from the matrix to the nanotubes. Simultaneously, the nanotubes can pin and deflect microcracks, forcing crack propagation paths to become tortuous, thereby consuming more energy and significantly enhancing the coating's strength. Furthermore, the crosslinking and coupling agents introduced into the coating further strengthen its structure.
[0060] Figure 7 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fog effect of the coating in Example 1 after being rubbed by a CS-10 grinding wheel with a load of 250 g for 800 revolutions.
[0061] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that, under a load of 250 g, after 800 cycles of friction with a CS-10 grinding wheel, the water contact angle of the coating sample in Example 1 was 9.8°, and it still maintained good anti-fogging performance.
[0062] Figure 8 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fogging effect of the coating in Example 1 after boiling in water for 2.5 hours.
[0063] Depend on Figure 8 It can be seen that the hydrophilic component, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, in the coating can undergo dehydration condensation with the hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate, the coupling agent γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanofillers (hollow silica nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes) to form a stable chemical cross-linked network structure. The coating of Example 1 exhibits excellent water resistance; after boiling for 2.5 h, the surface contact angle is 9.5°, and it still maintains good wettability and anti-fogging properties.
[0064] Example 2 The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of halloysite nanotubes is omitted.
[0065] The results showed that, due to the absence of halloysite nanotubes in the coating of Example 2, stress concentration and rapid crack propagation occurred during friction. Compared to Example 1, the coating peeled off the glass substrate rapidly, resulting in decreased hydrophilicity and loss of anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties. Taber friction and wear tests demonstrated that the coating sample of Example 2 had poor wear resistance; after 500 cycles of friction, the coating was worn through, the water contact angle in the friction area was 19.6°, and the anti-fogging performance was lost.
[0066] Figure 9 The image shows the water contact angle and anti-fogging effect of the coating in Example 2 after being rubbed by a CS-10 grinding wheel with a load of 250 g for 500 revolutions.
[0067] Example 3 The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of surfactant added is changed from 1.0 g to 0.2 g.
[0068] The results showed that the light transmittance of the coating in Example 3 reached 93.2%. However, due to the low content of the introduced surfactant component, the density of hydrophilic groups on the coating surface was reduced, resulting in a water contact angle of 19.3° and poor wettability. Water droplets could not spread sufficiently to form a uniform water film, thus making it difficult to achieve efficient anti-fogging and self-cleaning. Since Example 3 could not achieve anti-fogging and self-cleaning, abrasion and water resistance tests were not conducted.
[0069] Example 4 The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is omitted.
[0070] The results showed that the coating in Example 4 achieved a light transmittance of 93.8% and a water contact angle of 4.4°. However, due to the lack of copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate as a binder to fill the pores between the fillers, the coating structure was loose, and the bonding force between components was weak. During immersion in water and friction, the coating structure collapsed rapidly, and components were quickly lost. After 30 revolutions of friction with a CS-10 grinding wheel under a 250 g load, the surface water contact angle had already increased to 13.7°; after boiling in water for 20 minutes, the surface water contact angle also rapidly increased to 16.3°, failing to achieve long-term anti-fogging and self-cleaning performance.
[0071] Example 5 The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of the silane coupling agent is omitted.
[0072] The results showed that the coating in Example 5 had a light transmittance of 93.5% and a contact angle of 4.3°. Because no silane coupling agent was introduced, the hydrophilic components of the coating could not chemically graft with the nanofillers and crosslinking agents, remaining free within the coating. During boiling, the coating components rapidly leaked out; after boiling in water for 20 minutes, the contact angle increased to 15.8°, hydrophilicity decreased, and water droplets could not fully spread on the coating surface to form a uniform water film, thus failing to achieve efficient anti-fogging and self-cleaning.
[0073] Example 6 The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of hollow silica nanoparticles is omitted.
[0074] The results showed that the coating in Example 6 had a light transmittance of 90.8% and a contact angle of 4.9°. Because hollow silica nanoparticles were not introduced as a filler, the coating structure, under the influence of the binder, formed an overly dense homogeneous structure, leading to enhanced incident light reflection and increased absorption. This resulted in a loss of the anti-reflection effect, causing the light transmittance of the coating sample to decrease to 90.8%.
[0075] Figure 10 This is a surface microstructure image of the coating in Example 6.
[0076] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that enhances transparency, resists wear, and is water-resistant, characterized in that... Raw materials, by weight percentage, include: Acetic acid 2.0-4.0 wt.%, hollow nanoparticles 0.2-1.0 wt.%, nanotubes 0.3-0.6 wt.%, modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.5 wt.%, tetraethyl orthosilicate 0.5-3 wt.%, silane coupling agent 1.0-2.5 wt.%, surfactant 0.4-3 wt.%, and balance solvent.
2. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow nanoparticles are hollow silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 40-70 nm.
3. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and super-hydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanotubes are halloysite nanotubes with a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 0.5-2 μm.
4. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and super-hydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is copper oxide-modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
5. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
6. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant is one or more of the following: ammonia-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.
7. The self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent is water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1-3.
8. A method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, superhydrophilic coating with enhanced transparency, wear resistance, and water resistance as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The acetic acid, hollow nanoparticles, nanotubes, modified aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agent, surfactant, and solvent are mixed to obtain the enhanced-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mixing process involves stirring for 60 minutes at a temperature of 50°C and a rotation speed of 1000-1500 rpm.
10. A method for preparing a self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and superhydrophilic coating that is anti-reflective, wear-resistant, and water-resistant, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fog, and super-hydrophilic coating according to any one of claims 1-7 is applied to the surface of the substrate and cured to form the anti-reflective, wear-resistant, water-resistant, self-cleaning, anti-fog, and super-hydrophilic coating.