Indirect heat exchange translation bed carbonization equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, in particular to indirect heat exchange translation bed carbonization equipment which comprises a smoke outer box body, an upper-layer chain plate machine and a lower-layer chain plate machine are arranged in the smoke outer box body, and a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel, a chain and a chain plate are arranged in the upper-layer chain plate machine and the lower-layer chain plate machine; a feeding hole and a feeding blocking valve are arranged at the top of the outer flue gas box body, and a discharging hole and a discharging blocking valve are arranged at the bottom of the outer flue gas box body; a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are formed in the side wall of the flue gas outer box body; by arranging the multiple layers of chain plate machines and the surrounding type flue gas channel, layered conveying and indirect heat exchange of materials are achieved, direct contact between flue gas and the materials is avoided, and the quality of carbonized products is guaranteed; meanwhile, uniform material distribution is achieved through the material distribution plate, the comb-tooth material turning device turns over the materials, heating uniformity is improved, chain deviation and material adhesion are prevented through the chain guide rail and the scraper, and equipment operation stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass energy utilization technology, and in particular to a transverse bed carbonization device with indirect heat exchange. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass, as an abundant renewable carbon-neutral resource, has its pyrolysis carbonization technology widely used in the production of biochar, combustible gas, and tar, covering fields such as agricultural waste treatment, environmental protection material production, and energy recovery. Currently, most mainstream biomass carbonization equipment in industrial production employs direct heating methods, such as rotary kilns and fixed beds, achieving heating through direct contact between flue gas and materials. While this meets the basic requirements for large-scale production, the limitations of existing equipment are becoming increasingly apparent as the industry's demands for carbonized product quality, energy efficiency, and equipment operational stability rise.

[0003] Existing direct-heating carbonization equipment has significant drawbacks: First, the direct contact between flue gas and materials easily leads to uneven heating of the materials, unstable quality of carbonization products, and impurities in the flue gas can easily contaminate pyrolysis gas products, affecting subsequent applications. Second, the material conveying and turning structure is simple, and materials are prone to accumulating and agglomerating during the carbonization process, making it impossible to achieve uniform heating, resulting in incomplete carbonization and increased energy consumption. Third, the heat exchange channel design is unreasonable, resulting in low heat transfer efficiency, with a large amount of waste heat being discharged with the flue gas, causing energy waste. At the same time, the poor insulation performance of the equipment further aggravates heat loss. Fourth, the airlock valves in the feeding and discharging links have poor sealing reliability, which can easily lead to air infiltration into the carbonization chamber, destroying the anaerobic environment and affecting the normal progress of the carbonization reaction. Fifth, core conveying components such as chain plates and chains are prone to problems such as deviation and loosening, resulting in insufficient equipment operation stability, easy failure and shutdown, and affecting production continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization device, which includes a flue gas outer box, wherein at least two layers of chain plate machines arranged in parallel are provided in the flue gas outer box, including an upper chain plate machine and a lower chain plate machine, and the number of chain plate machine layers can be further increased according to the processing capacity requirements. The upper chain plate machine and the lower chain plate machine are provided with a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a chain and a chain plate inside. The top of the flue gas outer casing is provided with a feed inlet and a feed lock valve, and the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet and a discharge lock valve; The side wall of the flue gas outer casing is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a flue gas channel is formed between the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet. The flue gas channel surrounds the outside of the upper chain plate machine and the lower chain plate machine to realize indirect heat exchange.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, wherein: both the upper chain plate machine and the lower chain plate machine are equipped with a comb tooth turning device, the comb teeth of the comb tooth turning device being perpendicular to the movement direction of the chain plate for turning the material on the chain plate.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, wherein: the feed end of the upper chain conveyor is provided with a material distribution plate, the material distribution plate having an adjustable tilt angle to evenly distribute the material on the chain conveyor and avoid material accumulation.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, both the upper chain plate machine and the lower chain plate machine are provided with chain guide rails. The chain guide rails cooperate with the chain to limit the movement trajectory of the chain and prevent the chain from deviating.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, a scraper is provided below the chain plates of both the upper and lower chain plates. The scraper contacts the chain plates and is used to clean the residual materials on the chain plates to prevent the materials from sticking together.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, wherein: the inner wall of the flue gas outer casing is provided with a heat-insulating lining, and the heat-insulating lining is used to reduce heat loss inside the equipment and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment described in this invention, multiple flue gas inlets and outlets are provided and correspond one-to-one to form independent flue gas channel zones, which are used to achieve segmented temperature control and accurately match the temperature requirements of different stages of biomass carbonization.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment described in this invention, the feed airlock valve and the discharge airlock valve both adopt a double-sealing structure to ensure the airtightness of the carbonization chamber, prevent air infiltration, and maintain an oxygen-free carbonization environment.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, wherein: a pyrolysis product delivery pipe is provided at the tail end of the flue gas outer box, and the pyrolysis product delivery pipe is connected to the carbonization chamber for collecting the pyrolysis products generated during the carbonization process.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment of the present invention, the bottom of the flue gas outer casing is provided with a main support leg, the height of which is adjustable to adapt to different installation sites and ensure the stability of the equipment.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up a multi-layer chain conveyor and a surrounding flue gas channel, this application achieves layered material conveying and indirect heat exchange, avoiding direct contact between flue gas and materials, and ensuring the quality of carbonized products. Simultaneously, the material distribution plate ensures uniform material distribution, the comb-tooth turner turns the material, improving heating uniformity, and the chain guide rail and scraper prevent chain deviation and material adhesion, enhancing equipment operational stability. The use of an insulating lining reduces heat loss, and multiple independent flue gas channels allow for segmented temperature control, precisely matching the temperature requirements of each stage of biomass carbonization and improving energy utilization. A double-sealed airlock valve maintains an oxygen-free environment in the carbonization chamber, and a pyrolysis product external pipeline recovers pyrolysis products, further improving resource utilization efficiency. Adjustable-height main support legs allow the equipment to adapt to different installation sites, ensuring operational stability. Overall, this invention improves the efficiency, product quality, and equipment reliability of biomass carbonization. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a translational bed carbonization device with indirect heat exchange according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the flue gas passage in this invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the middle part of the flue gas outer casing in this invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the tail end of the flue gas outer casing in this invention.

[0018] Attached reference numerals: 1. Outer casing of flue gas chamber; 11. Main support leg; 12. Insulation lining; 13. Flue gas passage; 14. Flue gas inlet; 15. Flue gas outlet; 2. Upper chain conveyor; 21. Chain guide rail; 22. Drive sprocket; 23. Driven sprocket; 24. Chain; 25. Scraper; 26. Comb tooth turning device; 27. Fabric plate; 28. Feed inlet; 29. ​​Feed air lock valve; 3. Lower chain conveyor; 31. Discharge port; 32. Discharge air lock valve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Example 1

[0022] Reference Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a translational bed carbonization device with indirect heat exchange.

[0023] It should be noted that this embodiment uses a double-layer chain plate machine as an example to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to a double-layer structure. Depending on the processing capacity requirements, the number of layers of the chain plate machine can be expanded to three, four or more layers, and its structural principle is the same as that of the double-layer structure.

[0024] Specifically, the system includes a flue gas outer casing 1, which contains at least two layers of chain conveyors arranged in parallel, including an upper chain conveyor 2 and a lower chain conveyor 3. The number of chain conveyor layers can be further increased according to the processing capacity. The upper chain conveyor 2 and the lower chain conveyor 3 are equipped with a drive sprocket 22, a driven sprocket 23, a chain 24, and chain plates. The top of the flue gas outer casing 1 is provided with a feed inlet 28 and a feed air lock valve 29, and the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet 31 and a discharge air lock valve 32. The side wall of the flue gas outer casing 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 14 and a flue gas outlet 15. A flue gas channel 13 is formed between the flue gas inlet 14 and the flue gas outlet 15. The flue gas channel 13 surrounds the outside of the upper chain conveyor 2 and the lower chain conveyor 3 to achieve indirect heat exchange.

[0025] The flue gas outer casing 1 is a rectangular metal shell, and its internal space is divided into two parts: a carbonization chamber and a flue gas channel 13. The carbonization chamber is located in the center, and the flue gas channel 13 surrounds the carbonization chamber on all four sides and the top and bottom sides, and is isolated from the carbonization chamber by metal wall panels. The upper chain conveyor 2 and the lower chain conveyor 3 are arranged parallel to each other in the carbonization chamber, with the upper chain conveyor 2 located directly above the lower chain conveyor 3.

[0026] The driving sprocket 22 and the driven sprocket 23 are respectively installed at both ends of the chain conveyor. The driving sprocket 22 is connected to the drive motor through a coupling, and the driven sprocket 23 is fixed to the end plate of the flue gas outer casing 1 through a bearing seat. The tension of the chain 24 can be adjusted by the tensioning bolt. The feed inlet 28 is located at the top left end of the flue gas outer casing 1. The feed lock valve 29 is a star-shaped lock valve, installed below the feed inlet 28. The housing is welded to the top of the flue gas outer casing 1, and the valve plate is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel. The discharge outlet 31 is located at the bottom right end of the flue gas outer casing 1. The discharge lock valve 32 has the same structure as the feed lock valve 29 and is installed above the discharge outlet 31. Five flue gas inlets 14 are located on the left side wall of the flue gas outer casing 1 and are evenly distributed along the length of the equipment. Five flue gas outlets 15 are located on the right side wall of the flue gas outer casing 1 and correspond one-to-one with the flue gas inlets 14. A guide plate is provided in the channel to guide the flow direction of the flue gas and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0027] In summary, the crushed biomass material enters the chain plate of the upper chain conveyor 2 through the feed lock valve 29. The drive motor drives the drive sprocket 22 to rotate, which in turn drives the chain plate to move to the right through the chain 24. The material moves synchronously with the chain plate. At the same time, high-temperature flue gas enters the flue gas channel 13 from the flue gas inlet 14 and flows to the right along the channel. It indirectly exchanges heat with the material in the carbonization chamber through the metal wall plate, transferring heat to the material to raise its temperature and carbonize it. The low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the equipment through the flue gas outlet 15. After the material moves to the right end of the upper chain conveyor 2, it falls onto the chain plate of the lower chain conveyor 3 and continues to move to the left for secondary carbonization. The carbonized biomass char is conveyed to the left end of the lower chain conveyor 3 and falls into the discharge port 31, and is discharged from the equipment through the discharge lock valve 32. This device extends the material residence time through the double-layer chain conveyor and avoids direct contact between the flue gas and the material through indirect heat exchange, ensuring the quality of the carbonized product while improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] It should be noted that this embodiment uses a double-layer chain conveyor as an example for description, but the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto. When the processing volume is large, an intermediate chain conveyor can be added between the upper and lower layers to form a three-layer or more structure. The driving, heat exchange, and material turning structures of each layer chain conveyor are the same as those of the double-layer structure, which are equivalent substitutions of this invention and should all be covered within the scope of protection of this invention. Example 2

[0029] Reference Figures 1-4 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is implemented based on the previous embodiment.

[0030] Specifically, both the upper chain conveyor 2 and the lower chain conveyor 3 are equipped with a toothed material turner 26. The teeth of the toothed material turner 26 are perpendicular to the movement direction of the chain plate and are used to turn the material on the chain plate.

[0031] The upper chain conveyor 2 is equipped with a material distribution plate 27 at the feeding end. The material distribution plate 27 can be tilted at an adjustable angle to distribute the material evenly on the chain and prevent material accumulation.

[0032] Both the upper chain plate machine 2 and the lower chain plate machine 3 are equipped with chain guide rails 21. The chain guide rails 21 work in conjunction with the chain 24 to limit the movement trajectory of the chain and prevent the chain from deviating.

[0033] Both the upper chain conveyor 2 and the lower chain conveyor 3 are equipped with scrapers 25 below the chain plates. The scrapers 25 contact the chain plates and are used to clean the residual materials on the chain plates to prevent the materials from sticking together.

[0034] Among them, the comb tooth turning device 26 is installed above the chain plate machine and arranged along the width direction of the chain plate. The comb tooth material is high temperature resistant alloy steel, with a tooth pitch of 50mm and a tooth height of 80mm. The rotating shaft of the comb tooth turning device 26 is fixed to the side wall of the flue gas outer box 1 through the bearing seat. One end of the rotating shaft is connected to the geared motor, which can drive the comb tooth turning device 26 to rotate and turn the material on the chain plate.

[0035] The material distribution plate 27 is hinged to the support at the feed end of the upper chain conveyor 2. The support is welded to the top of the flue gas outer casing 1. The tilt angle of the material distribution plate 27 can be adjusted by adjusting bolts. When the material falls from the feed inlet 28, it is guided by the material distribution plate 27 and evenly distributed across the entire width of the chain plate, preventing the material from accumulating in strips on the chain plate. The chain guide rail 21 has a U-shaped groove structure and is installed on both sides of the chain conveyor. The chain 24 is embedded in the U-shaped groove on both sides. The groove is coated with high-temperature grease to reduce the friction between the chain 24 and the guide rail, and at the same time restrict the left and right movement of the chain 24 to prevent the chain from running off-track. The scraper 25 is installed below the chain conveyor and arranged along the width of the chain plate. The scraper is made of high-temperature resistant rubber, and the scraper blade is in close contact with the lower surface of the chain plate. When the chain plate moves, the scraper 25 scrapes off the residual material on the chain plate to prevent the material from sticking to the chain plate and affecting subsequent material conveying and carbonization.

[0036] In summary, during operation, the crushed biomass material falls through the feed inlet 28 onto the distribution plate 27. By adjusting the tilt angle of the distribution plate 27, the material is evenly distributed on the chain plates of the upper chain conveyor 2. The drive motor moves the chain plates to the right, and the comb-tooth turner 26 rotates under the drive of the reduction motor, continuously turning the material on the chain plates to make the heat exchange between the material and the high-temperature flue gas more uniform. The chain 24 moves in a straight line under the limit of the chain guide rail 21 to avoid deviation. When the chain plates move to the bottom of the chain conveyor, the scraper 25 scrapes off the residual material on the chain plates, which falls onto the chain plates of the lower chain conveyor 3. The material continues to move on the lower chain conveyor 3, and the comb-tooth turner 26 turns the material again. The chain guide rail 21 prevents the chain from deviating, and the scraper 25 cleans the residue on the chain plates. After the material is carbonized, it is discharged from the equipment through the discharge air lock valve 32. The device achieves uniform material distribution through the material distribution plate 27, improves the uniformity of material heating through the comb-tooth material turner 26, and ensures stable operation of the equipment and reduces the failure rate through the chain guide rail 21 and scraper 25. Example 3

[0037] Reference Figures 1-4 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is implemented based on the previous embodiment.

[0038] Specifically, the inner wall of the flue gas outer casing 1 is provided with a heat-insulating lining 12, which is used to reduce heat loss inside the equipment and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0039] Multiple flue gas inlets 14 and flue gas outlets 15 are provided and correspond one-to-one to form independent flue gas channel zones, which are used to achieve segmented temperature control and accurately match the temperature requirements of different stages of biomass carbonization.

[0040] Both the feed airlock valve 29 and the discharge airlock valve 32 adopt a double-sealing structure to ensure the airtightness of the carbonization chamber, prevent air infiltration, and maintain an oxygen-free carbonization environment.

[0041] The tail end of the flue gas outer casing 1 is provided with a pyrolysis product delivery pipe 28, which is connected to the carbonization chamber to collect the pyrolysis products generated during the carbonization process.

[0042] The bottom of the flue gas outer casing 1 is equipped with main support legs 11. The height of the main support legs 11 is adjustable to adapt to different installation sites and ensure the stability of the equipment.

[0043] The thermal insulation lining 12 is attached to the inner wall of the flue gas outer casing 1, effectively reducing heat loss from the equipment to the outside and improving heat exchange efficiency. Five flue gas inlets 14 and five flue gas outlets 15 are provided, each corresponding to one of the five independent flue gas channel zones.

[0044] The double-sealing structure of the feed airlock valve 29 and the discharge airlock valve 32 includes two fluororubber sealing rings, which are respectively installed on both sides of the valve plate. When the valve plate rotates, the sealing rings fit tightly against the valve body, forming a double seal, effectively preventing air from seeping into the carbonization chamber and maintaining an oxygen-free carbonization environment. The pyrolysis product delivery pipeline 28 is installed at the top of the tail end of the flue gas outer casing 1 and connects to the upper space of the carbonization chamber. The combustible gas, tar, and other pyrolysis products generated during the carbonization process are transported to the subsequent recycling device through the pipeline, avoiding the accumulation and blockage of pyrolysis products in the equipment.

[0045] There are four main support legs 11, which are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the flue gas outer casing 1. Each main support leg 11 includes a base, a screw, and an adjusting nut. The base is in contact with the ground, the screw is welded to the bottom of the flue gas outer casing 1, and the adjusting nut is fitted on the screw. Rotating the adjusting nut can adjust the height of the main support leg 11 to ensure the levelness and stability of the equipment in different installation sites.

[0046] In summary, during use, high-temperature flue gas enters five independent flue gas channel zones from five flue gas inlets 14. The flue gas flow rate and temperature of each zone can be controlled independently, so that the carbonization chamber forms different temperature zones from left to right.

[0047] The thermal insulation lining 12 reduces heat loss, the double-sealed airlock valve maintains an oxygen-free environment, and the main support leg 11 ensures equipment stability. This device precisely matches the needs of different stages of biomass carbonization through segmented temperature control, improves energy utilization and product quality through the thermal insulation lining and double-sealed airlock valve, and achieves comprehensive resource utilization through the recovery of pyrolysis products.

[0048] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transverse bed carbonization device with indirect heat exchange, characterized in that: include: The flue gas outer casing (1) is provided with at least two layers of chain plate machines arranged in parallel, including an upper chain plate machine (2) and a lower chain plate machine (3), and the number of chain plate machine layers can be further increased according to the processing volume requirements. The upper chain plate machine (2) and the lower chain plate machine (3) are equipped with a drive sprocket (22), a driven sprocket (23), a chain (24) and a chain plate; The top of the flue gas outer casing (1) is provided with a feed inlet (28) and a feed air lock valve (29), and the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet (31) and a discharge air lock valve (32). The flue gas outer casing (1) has a flue gas inlet (14) and a flue gas outlet (15) on its side wall. A flue gas passage (13) is formed between the flue gas inlet (14) and the flue gas outlet (15). The flue gas passage (13) surrounds the outer side of the upper chain plate machine (2) and the lower chain plate machine (3) to achieve indirect heat exchange.

2. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the upper chain plate machine (2) and the lower chain plate machine (3) are equipped with a toothed material turner (26). The toothed material turner (26) has its teeth perpendicular to the movement direction of the chain plate and is used to turn the material on the chain plate.

3. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper chain conveyor (2) is equipped with a material distribution plate (27) at the feeding end. The material distribution plate (27) can be adjusted at an adjustable tilt angle to distribute the material evenly on the chain and avoid material accumulation.

4. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Both the upper chain plate machine (2) and the lower chain plate machine (3) are equipped with chain guide rails (21). The chain guide rails (21) cooperate with the chain (24) to limit the movement trajectory of the chain and prevent the chain from deviating.

5. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Both the upper chain plate machine (2) and the lower chain plate machine (3) are equipped with scrapers (25) below the chain plates. The scrapers (25) are in contact with the chain plates and are used to clean the residual materials on the chain plates to prevent the materials from sticking together.

6. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the flue gas outer casing (1) is provided with a heat-insulating lining (12), and the heat-insulating lining (12) is used to reduce heat loss inside the equipment and improve heat exchange efficiency.

7. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple flue gas inlets (14) and flue gas outlets (15) are provided and correspond one-to-one to form independent flue gas channel zones, which are used to achieve segmented temperature control and accurately match the temperature requirements of different stages of biomass carbonization.

8. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Both the feed airlock valve (29) and the discharge airlock valve (32) adopt a double-sealing structure to ensure the airtightness of the carbonization chamber, prevent air infiltration, and maintain an oxygen-free carbonization environment.

9. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The tail end of the flue gas outer casing (1) is provided with a pyrolysis product delivery pipe (28), which is connected to the carbonization chamber to collect the pyrolysis products generated during the carbonization process.

10. The indirect heat exchange shifting bed carbonization equipment as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the flue gas outer casing (1) is provided with a main support leg (11), the height of which is adjustable to adapt to different installation sites and ensure the stability of the equipment.

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