Process method for preparing alkane gas by coupling biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification with high-frequency electromagnetic field

Abstract

The invention discloses a process method for preparing alkane gas by coupling biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification with a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and relates to the technical field of organic solid waste resourceful treatment.The process method comprises the following steps that a biomass raw material is fed into a reaction device made of an austenite alloy material, and a high-frequency light quantum energy field is formed in the reaction device; according to the method, the alloy kiln body is directly heated through high-frequency electromagnetism, the heat loss is small, the energy targeting performance is high, the energy density and frequency of the high-frequency light quantum energy field are controlled, the alkane gas product is generated, and the alkane gas product is collected and separated. The method has the advantages that energy waste caused by overall overheating is avoided, selective bond breaking and free radical directional recombination can be realized by regulating and controlling parameters of a light quantum energy field, an expensive catalyst and regeneration and treatment links thereof are omitted, the treatment process is continuous, and industrial amplification is easy to realize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of organic solid waste resource utilization and energy chemical technology, specifically a process for producing alkane gas by biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field. Background Technology

[0002] With the growth of global energy demand and increasing pressure on environmental protection, converting biomass into high-value-added clean fuels (such as methane) has become a research hotspot. Traditional pyrolysis technology mainly relies on external heat sources to provide heat energy through conduction, convection or radiation to cause organic matter to crack. However, these methods generally suffer from problems such as low thermal efficiency, uneven heating, slow reaction rate, easy coking, and the need for catalysts (which often leads to catalyst deactivation and secondary pollution).

[0003] In the prior art, such as Chinese Patent No. CN112639058B, a continuous operation method for microwave high-temperature pyrolysis of solid materials containing organic matter is disclosed. It uses microwave heating technology for the pyrolysis of organic matter and utilizes dielectric loss to heat the material. However, the microwave heating depth is limited, and there are specific requirements for the dielectric properties of the material. Moreover, the energy field is mainly in the form of thermal energy, and the control ability for selective bond breaking and directional synthesis is weak.

[0004] Therefore, developing a novel pyrolysis technology that is efficient, energy-saving, catalyst-free, and capable of targeted product control is of great significance for promoting the resource utilization of organic solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a process for producing alkane gas by coupling biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification with a high-frequency electromagnetic field, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows: Firstly, embodiments of the present invention provide a process for producing alkane gas by coupling biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification with a high-frequency electromagnetic field, comprising the following steps: a) An oxygen-free atmosphere is created inside the reaction device by purging with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) or by sealing and isolating it to prevent biomass oxidation; the pretreated biomass raw materials are continuously or intermittently fed into the reaction device, which is at least partially made of an austenitic alloy material that can be heated and excited by photon radiation under the action of a high-frequency electromagnetic field. b) Start the high-frequency electromagnetic generator and use the induction heating coil surrounding the outside of the reaction device to induction heat the austenitic alloy material to reach and maintain the preset high temperature working temperature. c) At the high-temperature operating temperature, the atomic energy levels of the austenitic alloy material undergo transitions, releasing high-energy hot electrons; when the hot electrons return from the excited state to the ground state, they release energy in the form of high-energy photons, forming a uniformly distributed high-frequency photon energy field inside the reaction device, wherein the energy range of the photons matches the chemical bond energy of the biomass macromolecules. d) The biomass raw materials are irradiated in a directional manner using the high-frequency photon energy field. After absorbing the photon energy, the biomass macromolecules transition from the ground state to the excited state, and the chemical bonds within the molecules undergo selective breakage, generating a variety of active free radicals such as hydrogen free radicals (•H), methyl free radicals (•CH3), and methylene free radicals (•CH2). e) By adjusting the power and frequency of the high-frequency electromagnetic generator, the energy density and frequency of the high-frequency photon energy field are precisely controlled, so that the active free radicals are recombined in a directed manner through the roaming chemical reaction mechanism under the constraint of the energy field, thereby inhibiting the generation of by-products such as tar and coke, and preferentially forming alkane gaseous products such as methane, ethane, and propane. f) The alkane gaseous products discharged from the reaction device are sequentially fed into a cooler, a gas-liquid separator, and an adsorption tower to finally obtain a high-purity alkane gas mixture.

[0007] The process proposed in this invention uses an innovative mode of "anaerobic pyrolysis gasification + high-frequency electromagnetic field coupling" to achieve selective pyrolysis and free radical directional recombination of biomass macromolecules through a high-frequency photon energy field. This solves the problems of complex products and low alkane selectivity in traditional processes. At the same time, electromagnetic induction heating is highly efficient and temperature is controllable, avoiding the defects of high energy consumption and uneven temperature in traditional heating methods, thus significantly improving the economy and stability of the process.

[0008] Optionally, the austenitic alloy material contains at least two of the elements nickel, chromium, manganese, and nitrogen, and undergoes a special heat treatment process to give it stable thermionic emission and photon radiation characteristics in a temperature range of 400℃ to 1200℃.

[0009] By controlling the chemical composition and heat treatment process of austenitic alloy materials, they can be made to have excellent electromagnetic induction heating responsiveness, photon radiation stability and structural reliability, which provides support for the stable formation of high-frequency photon energy fields and avoids the decrease in reaction efficiency or equipment failure due to the decay of material properties.

[0010] Optionally, the high-frequency electromagnetic generator operates in a frequency range of 50kHz to 500kHz and has an adjustable power range of 10kW to 1000kW to control the heating rate and final temperature of the austenitic alloy material.

[0011] Choosing 500℃-900℃ as the reaction temperature range ensures the full pyrolysis of biomass macromolecules while avoiding increased energy consumption and byproduct generation due to excessively high temperatures. By adjusting the frequency and power over a wide range, it can be adapted to the pyrolysis characteristics of different types of biomass, enabling flexible control of product composition.

[0012] Optionally, the reaction device is a horizontal rotary kiln, the cylinder of which is made of the austenitic alloy material, or the inside of the cylinder is fixed with lifting plates and guide vanes made of the austenitic alloy material. The lifting plates are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder. During the reaction, the rotary kiln keeps rotating, so that the biomass raw materials are continuously and evenly stirred and exposed to the high-frequency photon energy field.

[0013] The rotating lifting plates of the rotary kiln continuously lift and disperse the biomass feedstock within the reaction unit. This ensures that the feedstock is in full contact with the high-frequency photon energy field, avoiding incomplete local reactions. Furthermore, it promotes the timely removal of gaseous products generated during the reaction from the feedstock surface, reducing secondary cracking and coking, and further improving cracking efficiency and alkane selectivity.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a system for implementing the above-described process method, comprising: The reaction device is a horizontal rotary kiln structure. The entire cylinder or the inner surface in contact with biomass, key radiating components such as the lifting plates and guide vanes are made of the aforementioned austenitic alloy material. Sealed end caps are installed at both ends of the cylinder to ensure the airtightness of the internal oxygen-free environment. An insulation layer is installed on the outside of the cylinder to reduce heat loss. High-frequency electromagnetic heating system: includes a high-frequency electromagnetic generator and a high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating coil; the induction heating coil is arranged around the outside of the reaction device, and the high-frequency electromagnetic generator is electrically connected to the induction heating coil, and can adaptively adjust the output power and frequency according to the temperature feedback signal; Feeding system: used to continuously or intermittently feed biomass into the reaction device; Temperature monitoring and control system: including thermocouples, temperature transmitters, and PLC controller; thermocouples are evenly arranged inside the reaction device to collect reaction temperature signals in real time; temperature transmitters convert the thermocouple signals into electrical signals and transmit them to the PLC controller; the PLC controller is linked with the high-frequency electromagnetic generator and the feeding system to automatically adjust the heating power or feeding rate according to the preset temperature threshold to achieve closed-loop temperature control. Product collection and separation system: used to collect hydrocarbon gases discharged from the reaction unit and to cool, separate and purify them.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This process uses high-frequency electromagnetic induction to directly heat key components of the reaction device made of austenitic alloy materials. The heating process does not require an intermediate heat transfer medium, and the heat acts directly on the alloy material itself, which greatly reduces the heat loss caused by heat conduction and heat radiation in traditional heating methods. At the same time, the photon energy released by the austenitic alloy material under the action of the high-frequency electromagnetic field can accurately match the energy requirements of target chemical bonds such as C-C bonds and CO bonds in biomass macromolecules, realize targeted energy transfer, and directly act on the molecular bond breaking process. This avoids the energy waste caused by overheating the entire material to reach the reaction temperature in traditional pyrolysis processes, and significantly improves the overall energy utilization efficiency from both the heating method and energy action mechanism perspectives.

[0016] 2. In this process, the photonic excitation of biomass macromolecules from the ground state to the excited state is an instantaneous energy transfer process. It does not require the long process of gradually increasing the overall temperature of the material through heat conduction as in traditional pyrolysis processes. After the photonic energy is directly absorbed by the biomass macromolecules, it can quickly break through the energy barrier of chemical bonds, triggering the selective breaking of molecular bonds and generating active free radicals. The entire excitation and bond breaking process is completed instantly, which is much faster than the pyrolysis reaction caused by traditional heat conduction. This effectively shortens the reaction cycle and improves the material processing capacity per unit time.

[0017] 3. This process can flexibly adjust the energy density and radiation intensity of the high-frequency photon energy field by controlling the power, frequency and other parameters of the high-frequency electromagnetic generator, thereby achieving selective bond breaking and free radical recombination pathways of biomass macromolecules. This method of replacing the role of traditional catalysts by controlling energy field parameters can not only achieve the goal of directional generation of methane and non-methane total hydrocarbons, but also save the purchase cost of expensive catalysts in traditional processes. At the same time, it avoids problems such as deactivation and poisoning during catalyst use, as well as additional steps such as subsequent catalyst regeneration and waste catalyst treatment, simplifying the process flow and reducing operating costs and environmental pressure.

[0018] 4. This process possesses multi-dimensional product control capabilities. By adjusting the high-frequency electromagnetic power, the reaction temperature and photon radiation intensity can be controlled simultaneously, thereby affecting the degree of bond breaking and free radical activity of biomass macromolecules. By adjusting the rotation speed of the reaction device and the structure of the lifting plates, the residence time of materials in the reaction device can be flexibly controlled, providing suitable reaction conditions for free radical recombination. Through the above control methods, the ratio of methane to non-methane total hydrocarbons can be controlled within a certain range to meet the differentiated needs of product components for different application scenarios. Compared with the difficulty in controlling product components in traditional pyrolysis processes, this process significantly improves the product's specificity and high-value utilization potential.

[0019] 5. The reaction mechanism of this process is to break and recombine the molecular bonds of carbon-containing organic matter through the quantum energy field of light. This mechanism is not limited by the specific type or form of the raw materials. It is not only applicable to various biomass raw materials such as straw, sawdust, and mushroom residue, but can also be extended to the resource utilization of other carbon-containing organic matter. At the same time, the reaction device adopts a continuous feeding design, which, together with the rotation and stirring function of the rotary kiln, enables continuous processing of materials. The entire system has a mature equipment structure, stable operation, and relevant process parameters are easy to adjust according to the processing scale. It can achieve industrial scale-up without complex process modification and has broad prospects for industrial application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided through specific embodiments.

[0021] This invention abandons the traditional simple heat conduction or microwave dielectric heating mode, and innovatively utilizes high-frequency electromagnetic induction to heat a specially designed austenitic alloy material. The austenitic alloy material acts as an energy conversion medium, making it not only a heat source at high temperatures, but also a powerful "photon emission source". When the high-energy hot electrons released by the material are excited and migrate back to a low energy level, they release high-energy photons with specific energies. These photons form a high-intensity, high-frequency photon energy field in the reaction space. When the energy of this energy field matches the dissociation energy of specific chemical bonds (such as C-C and CH bonds) in biomass macromolecules, it can efficiently and selectively cause molecules to jump from the ground state to the excited state, resulting in the breaking of chemical bonds and the generation of a large number of free radicals. Under the unique "molecular roaming chemical reaction" mechanism, these free radicals quickly recombine and ultimately preferentially generate thermodynamically stable methane, while generating a certain proportion of other non-methane total hydrocarbons (such as ethane, ethylene, propane, etc.).

[0022] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are set forth below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0023] The system of this invention mainly includes a feeding system, a rotary kiln reactor, a high-frequency electromagnetic induction coil, a high-frequency electromagnetic generator, a drive motor, a temperature sensor, a gas outlet, a gas collection and treatment system, and a residue outlet.

[0024] The rotary kiln reactor shell is made of a special austenitic alloy material with the following composition: C≤0.08%, Si≤1.0%, Mn: 8-12%, Cr: 17-20%, Ni: 8-11%, N: 0.2-0.3%, with the balance being Fe. It is an austenitic stainless steel that has undergone solution treatment at 1100℃.

[0025] A high-frequency electromagnetic induction coil is tightly wrapped around the outside of the rotary kiln reactor and connected to a high-frequency electromagnetic generator. A temperature sensor is inserted into the kiln to monitor the temperature in real time.

[0026] During operation, biomass raw materials are continuously fed into the rotary kiln reactor through the feeding system. The high-frequency electromagnetic generator is started and set to a frequency of 200kHz with an initial power of 300kW to rapidly heat the alloy kiln body. At the same time, the drive motor drives the rotary kiln to rotate slowly, with a speed selectable from 2-5 rpm, so that the material is constantly turned over. When the temperature inside the kiln reaches the set 600℃, the austenitic alloy kiln body begins to stably emit high-energy photons under the combined action of high temperature and high-frequency electromagnetic field, forming a high-frequency photon energy field that fills the reaction cavity.

[0027] As the material moves through the kiln, it is continuously irradiated by a photon energy field. The C-C chains and CH bonds of the biomass macromolecules absorb this photon energy and rapidly break, generating various free radicals such as •CH3, •H, and •C2H5. These free radicals are extremely reactive at high temperatures, colliding and combining with each other through a "wandering" mechanism. Since methane is the most stable form of saturated hydrocarbons, the reaction tends to generate a large amount of CH4. Simultaneously, some free radicals combine to form non-methane hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), and propane (C3H8).

[0028] The gaseous products generated by the reaction are discharged from the gas outlet and enter the gas collection and treatment system. After condensation, dust removal, desulfurization and pressurization, a pure methane-rich mixed fuel gas is obtained. A small amount of solid residue after the reaction is discharged from the residue outlet.

[0029] By adjusting the power of the high-frequency electromagnetic generator, the reaction temperature and the feed rate of the material can be controlled, i.e., the residence time can be controlled. It can be observed that the ratio of methane to non-methane total hydrocarbons in the product changes. For example, at higher temperatures such as 750°C and shorter residence times, the methane yield will be significantly increased.

[0030] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for producing alkane gas by anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field from biomass, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a) In an anaerobic environment, biomass feedstock is fed into a reaction device, which is at least partially composed of an austenitic alloy material that can be heated and excited by photon radiation under the action of a high-frequency electromagnetic field. b) The austenitic alloy material is induction heated by a high-frequency electromagnetic generator to bring the austenitic alloy material to and maintain a preset high-temperature working temperature. c) At the high-temperature operating temperature, the austenitic alloy material releases high-energy hot electrons, and when the hot electrons migrate back, they release high-energy photons, forming a high-frequency photon energy field inside the reaction device; d) The biomass raw material is irradiated with the high-frequency photon energy field, causing the biomass macromolecules to absorb photon energy and transition from the ground state to the excited state, resulting in the breaking of molecular bonds and the generation of various free radicals; e) Controlling the energy density and frequency of the high-frequency photon energy field allows the free radicals to recombine through a roaming chemical reaction mechanism, generating alkane gaseous products containing methane and non-methane total hydrocarbons; f) Collect and separate the alkane gaseous products.

2. The process for producing alkane gas by biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The austenitic alloy material contains at least two of the elements nickel, chromium, manganese and nitrogen, and after being treated with a special heat treatment process, it has stable thermionic emission and photon radiation characteristics in the temperature range of 400℃ to 1200℃.

3. The process for producing alkane gas by biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The high-frequency electromagnetic generator operates in the frequency range of 50kHz to 500kHz and has an adjustable power range of 10kW to 1000kW. It is used to control the heating rate and final temperature of the austenitic alloy material.

4. The process for producing alkane gas by biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction device is a rotary kiln structure, and its kiln body is made entirely of the austenitic alloy material, or the kiln body is equipped with lifting plates and guide vanes made of the austenitic alloy material; during the biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification process, the rotary kiln keeps rotating, so that the biomass raw materials are continuously and uniformly stirred and exposed to the high-frequency photon energy field.

5. The process for producing alkane gas by biomass anaerobic pyrolysis gasification coupled with a high-frequency electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset high-temperature operating temperature range mentioned in step b) is 500℃~900℃. The high-temperature operating temperature can be precisely controlled by adjusting the output power of the high-frequency electromagnetic generator and / or the biomass feeding rate of the reaction device.

6. A system for implementing the process method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The reaction apparatus, at least its inner surface or key radiating components in contact with the biomass feedstock, is made of the austenitic alloy material; A high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating coil is arranged around the outside of the reaction device or at a specific location, and is electrically connected to a high-frequency electromagnetic generator. A feeding system for continuously or intermittently feeding biomass raw materials into the reaction apparatus; An oxygen-free environment protection system is used to maintain an oxygen-free atmosphere inside the reaction device; Temperature monitoring and control system, used to monitor the temperature inside the reaction device in real time and adjust the output power of the high-frequency electromagnetic generator accordingly; The product collection and separation system is used to collect alkane gases discharged from the reaction unit and to cool, separate, and purify them.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reaction device is a horizontal rotary kiln, the cylinder of which is made of the austenitic alloy material, or a lifting component made of the austenitic alloy material is fixedly installed inside the horizontal rotary kiln.