Construction method of high and steep rock slope

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of a high and steep rock slope, which comprises the following steps of: performing numerical simulation analysis on a multi-stage multi-process parallel construction process of the high and steep rock slope, and determining a multi-stage multi-process synchronous parallel construction method of the high and steep rock slope according to a data simulation analysis result; and slope excavation construction, anchor cable installation construction, frame beam construction and anchor cable tensioning and anchor sealing construction are conducted on the high and steep rock slope according to a multi-stage multi-process synchronous parallel construction method determined according to the simulation analysis result till construction of the high and steep rock slope is completed. According to the method, numerical simulation analysis is carried out on the multi-stage multi-process parallel construction process of the high and steep rock slope, the multi-stage multi-process synchronous parallel construction method is determined according to the simulation analysis result, different processes of multi-stage slope synchronous construction are carried out on the high and steep rock slope, the working face is increased, and the construction efficiency is improved; the technical problems that in the related technology, slope construction is conducted according to the first-level excavation and the first-level protection, the number of slope construction working faces is small, and the construction efficiency is low are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of roadbed construction technology, specifically to a construction method for steep rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mountainous rock slopes are characterized by their height, steepness, and large scale. The design height of a single-level slope is 10-20m, and the total height of a single multi-level slope can reach over 100 meters. These steep slopes have numerous levels and large lateral dimensions, especially in deep canyon areas. The construction of steep rock slopes involves a large amount of work, such as the main structures of bridges, including tunnel anchorages, abutment foundations, main pier foundations, and tunnel entrances for connecting roads on both banks. The excavation, blasting, and protection construction of the slopes require meticulous planning based on the actual site conditions.

[0003] In related technologies, slope construction follows the principle of excavation followed by protection at each stage. This construction method results in relatively small slope deflection, good slope stability during construction, and high safety. However, due to the numerous procedures involved in slope construction, there are instances of idle work during the first stage of slope excavation, such as in the formwork, reinforcement, anchor cable, and concrete processes for the slope frame beams. Similarly, idle work occurs during the slope frame beam construction process. This leads to problems such as limited working surfaces, low construction efficiency, and long construction cycles.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new construction method for steep rock slopes to overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a construction method for steep rock slopes, which can solve the technical problems in related technologies where slope construction is carried out according to the principle of excavation and protection at each level, resulting in a small number of working faces, low construction efficiency, and long construction period.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a construction method for steep rock slopes, which includes the following steps: S1: Numerical simulation analysis was conducted on the multi-stage and multi-process parallel construction process of high and steep rock slopes, and the synchronous parallel construction method of multi-stage and multi-process for high and steep rock slopes was determined based on the data simulation analysis results.

[0007] S2: Based on the simulation analysis results, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method is used to carry out slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction on the high and steep rock slope until the construction of the high and steep rock slope is completed.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, as determined by simulation analysis results, includes the following steps: S201: After the Nth level slope protection frame beam is poured, the Nth level slope is divided into transverse sections. At the same time, the initial tensioning, final tensioning and anchor sealing of the anchor cables are carried out in a continuous process in different transverse areas of the Nth level slope.

[0009] S202: After the installation of the slope protection anchor cables of the N+1 level is completed, the N+1 level slope is divided into transverse sections. In different transverse areas of the N+1 level slope, the reinforcement binding of the slope frame beam, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing are carried out in an assembly line.

[0010] S203: After the slope protection surface of the N+2 level slope is repaired, the N+2 level slope is divided into transverse sections. Anchor cable hole drilling, anchor cable fabrication and installation are carried out in an assembly line in different transverse areas of the N+2 level slope.

[0011] S204: Divide the N+3 level slope into transverse zones, and carry out slope blasting, slag removal and slope surface trimming construction in a continuous process in different transverse zones of the N+3 level slope.

[0012] S205: For steep rock slopes, the next process is carried out from top to bottom along different slope levels until construction is completed.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, as determined by simulation analysis results, includes the following steps: Slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing are carried out on each slope line.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the process of proceeding to the next step of construction on the steep rock slope from top to bottom along different slope levels until completion also includes the following steps: Step 1: Carry out the initial tensioning, final tensioning, and anchor sealing of the anchor cables in a continuous process within the same area in the transverse direction of the Nth grade slope.

[0015] Step 2: In the same area of ​​the N+1 level slope, carry out the construction of slope frame beam reinforcement binding, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing in an assembly line.

[0016] Step 3: In the same area transverse to the N+2 level slope, carry out anchor hole drilling, anchor cable fabrication and installation in an assembly line.

[0017] Step 4: In the same area along the transverse direction of the N+3 level slope, carry out slope blasting, slag removal and slope trimming construction in an assembly line.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the initial tensioning, final tensioning, and anchor sealing of the anchor cable include the following steps: The anchor cable is pre-tensioned, then tensioned in stages, then tensioned finally, and finally the anchor end is cast.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the numerical simulation analysis of the parallel construction process of multi-stage slopes and multiple procedures for steep rock slopes includes the following steps: S101: Perform three-dimensional calculations on the entire steep rock slope to conduct a preliminary analysis of the overall stability of the slope.

[0020] S102: Quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes and local stability analysis of slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes.

[0021] S103: Construct a two-dimensional slope excavation model and conduct realistic excavation simulation analysis.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, the three-dimensional calculation of the entire steep rock slope and the preliminary analysis of the overall slope stability include the following steps: Based on the geometry and orientation of steep rock slopes, FLAC software was used to perform three-dimensional calculations on the steep rock slopes and to conduct a qualitative analysis of the overall stability of the slopes.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes and the local stability analysis of the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes include the following steps: Discrete element analysis was used to cut joints in the slope, and the safety factor of all points on the structural surface was calculated using point safety factors to quantitatively analyze the stability of the slope. In addition, the block stability search method was used to search for locally unstable blocks in the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes, and the local stability of potentially unstable blocks was analyzed.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, constructing a two-dimensional slope excavation model and conducting realistic excavation simulation analysis includes the following steps: A two-dimensional slope excavation model was constructed using FLAC software. Anchor cables were added to the two-dimensional slope excavation model. Numerical simulation analysis was performed on excavation with single-level protection and single-level construction, as well as multi-level slope and multi-process parallel construction. Displacement and plastic distribution diagrams under different construction schemes were proposed, and the impact of different construction schemes on slope stability was compared.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the construction method further includes the following steps: A monitoring system is installed within the slope area. When the monitoring data of the system reaches the deformation warning value, the system issues an alarm signal.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: Numerical simulation analysis was conducted on the multi-level and multi-process parallel construction process of steep rock slopes to verify the feasibility of multi-level and multi-process parallel construction. Based on the simulation analysis results, the multi-level and multi-process synchronous parallel construction method was determined to carry out slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction on steep rock slopes. This achieved synchronous construction of multi-level slopes, increased the working surface and improved construction efficiency. It solved the technical problems of limited working surface, low construction efficiency and long construction period in related technologies where slope construction is carried out according to the principle of excavation and protection at each level. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a construction method for a steep rock slope, as provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the construction area for a construction method of a steep rock slope provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A cross-sectional layout diagram of a construction method for a steep rock slope provided in this application embodiment.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Frame beam; 2. Anchor cable. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] This application provides a construction method for steep rock slopes, which can solve the technical problems of limited working surfaces, low construction efficiency, and long construction period in slope construction that follows the principle of excavation and protection at each level.

[0032] See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a construction method for a steep rock slope, which includes the following steps: S1: Numerical simulation analysis was conducted on the multi-stage and multi-process parallel construction process of high and steep rock slopes, and the synchronous parallel construction method of multi-stage and multi-process for high and steep rock slopes was determined based on the data simulation analysis results.

[0033] In this embodiment, if the data simulation analysis results show that multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction can ensure the stability of the slope during the construction process, then the construction method of the high and steep rock slope is defined as multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction; otherwise, the construction method of the high and steep rock slope is defined as excavation, protection, and construction in stages.

[0034] S2: Based on the simulation analysis results, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method is used to carry out slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction on the high and steep rock slope until the construction of the high and steep rock slope is completed.

[0035] In this embodiment, a multi-level, multi-process, synchronous parallel construction method is adopted to carry out the construction of different processes on multi-level slopes simultaneously. Demonstratively, the multi-level, multi-process, synchronous parallel construction method follows the principle of prior processes in lower levels and subsequent processes in upper levels to promote the parallel advancement and flow operation of multi-level slopes. The multi-level slope is set as a four-level slope. The first level slope located at the top of the high and steep rock slope is set as the first level slope. Each level slope increases progressively from top to bottom. The first level slope is used for anchor cable tensioning and anchor sealing construction, the second level slope is used for frame beam construction, the third level slope is used for anchor cable installation construction, and the fourth level slope is used for slope excavation construction. When all processes of each level slope are completed, the construction of the high and steep rock slope is completed. The synchronous construction of multi-level slopes increases the working surface and improves construction efficiency, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of idle machinery and personnel, and realizing the rapid completion of the construction of high and steep rock slopes.

[0036] This embodiment verifies the feasibility of multi-level and multi-process parallel construction of steep rock slopes through numerical simulation analysis. Based on the simulation analysis results, the multi-level and multi-process synchronous parallel construction method is used to carry out slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction of steep rock slopes. This achieves synchronous construction of multi-level slopes, increases the working surface and improves construction efficiency. It solves the technical problems of limited working surface, low construction efficiency and long construction period in related technologies where slope construction is carried out according to the principle of excavation and protection at each level.

[0037] Further, see Figure 1-3 As shown, in some embodiments, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, as determined by simulation analysis results, includes the following steps: slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing. S201: After the Nth level slope protection frame beam is poured, the Nth level slope is divided into transverse sections. At the same time, the initial tensioning, final tensioning and anchor sealing of the anchor cables are carried out in a continuous process in different transverse areas of the Nth level slope.

[0038] In this embodiment, as an example, a steep rock slope is constructed from top to bottom as follows: Nth level slope, N+1th level slope, N+2th level slope, and N+3th level slope. The Nth level slope is divided into transverse sections, and the construction area of ​​the Nth level slope is divided into areas A, B, and C. Initial tensioning of anchor cables is carried out in area A. After the initial tensioning of anchor cables in area A is completed, final tensioning of anchor cables is carried out in area A, and the next process is carried out in an assembly line until the anchor tensioning and sealing construction of area A is completed. Final tensioning of anchor cables is carried out in area B. After the final tensioning of anchor cables in area B is completed, sealing construction of anchor cables is carried out in area B until the anchor tensioning and sealing construction of area A is completed. Sealing construction of anchor cables is carried out in area C until the anchor tensioning and sealing construction of area C is completed. The anchor tensioning and sealing construction of the Nth level slope is then completed, realizing the implementation of different processes in different transverse areas of the Nth level slope.

[0039] S202: After the installation of the slope protection anchor cables of the N+1 level is completed, the N+1 level slope is divided into transverse sections. In different transverse areas of the N+1 level slope, the reinforcement binding of the slope frame beam, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing are carried out in an assembly line.

[0040] In this embodiment, the N+1 level slope is divided into transverse zones. Demonstratively, the construction area of ​​the Nth level slope is sequentially divided into zones D, E, and F. Reinforcement binding of the slope frame beams is carried out in zone D. After the reinforcement binding of the slope frame beams in zone D is completed, formwork installation and reinforcement continue in zone D, and the next process is carried out in a streamlined manner until the frame beam construction in zone D is completed. Formwork installation and reinforcement are carried out in zone E. After the formwork installation and reinforcement in zone E is completed, concrete pouring and curing continue in zone E until the frame beam construction in zone E is completed. Concrete pouring and curing are carried out in zone F until the frame beam construction in zone F is completed. The frame beam construction of the N+1 level slope is thus completed, enabling different processes to be carried out in different transverse zones of the N+1 level slope.

[0041] S203: After the slope protection surface of the N+2 level slope is repaired, the N+2 level slope is divided into transverse sections. Anchor cable hole drilling, anchor cable fabrication and installation are carried out in an assembly line in different transverse areas of the N+2 level slope.

[0042] In this embodiment, the N+2 level slope is divided into transverse zones. Demonstratively, the construction area of ​​the N+2 level slope is sequentially divided into zone G, zone H, and zone I. Anchor cable drilling is carried out in zone G. After the anchor cable drilling in zone G is completed, anchor cable fabrication and installation continue in zone G until the anchor cable installation in zone G is completed. Anchor cable drilling is carried out in zone H. After the anchor cable drilling in zone H is completed, anchor cable fabrication and installation continue in zone H until the anchor cable installation in zone H is completed. Anchor cable fabrication and installation are carried out in zone I until the anchor cable installation in zone I is completed. The anchor cable installation of the N+2 level slope is then completed, realizing the implementation of different processes in different transverse zones of the N+2 level slope.

[0043] S204: Divide the N+3 level slope into transverse zones, and carry out slope blasting, slag removal and slope surface trimming construction in a continuous process in different transverse zones of the N+3 level slope.

[0044] In this embodiment, the N+3 level slope is divided into transverse zones. Demonstratively, the construction area of ​​the N+3 level slope is sequentially divided into zone J, zone K, and zone L. Slope blasting is carried out in zone J. After the slope blasting in zone J is completed, muck removal continues in zone J, and the next process is carried out in an assembly line until the slope excavation construction in zone J is completed. Muck removal is carried out in zone K. After the muck removal in zone K is completed, slope surface trimming continues in zone K until the slope excavation construction in zone K is completed. Slope surface trimming is carried out in zone L until the slope excavation construction in zone L is completed. The slope excavation construction of the N+3 level slope is completed, realizing the implementation of different processes in different transverse zones of the N+3 level slope.

[0045] S205: For steep rock slopes, the next process is carried out from top to bottom along different slope levels until construction is completed.

[0046] In this embodiment, after the frame beam construction of the N+1 level slope is completed, the anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction of the N+1 level slope continues until the construction of the N+1 level slope is completed. After the frame anchor cable installation construction of the N+2 level slope is completed, the frame beam construction of the N+2 level slope continues, and the next process is carried out in an assembly line until the construction of the N+2 level slope is completed. After the slope excavation construction of the N+3 level slope is completed, the anchor cable installation construction of the N+3 level slope continues, and the next process is carried out in an assembly line until the construction of the N+3 level slope is completed.

[0047] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, as determined by simulation analysis results, includes the following steps: Slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing are carried out on each slope line.

[0048] In this embodiment, as an example, slope excavation, anchor installation, frame beam construction, and anchor tensioning and sealing are carried out in an assembly line throughout the entire construction area of ​​the Nth, N+1th, N+2th, and N+3th slopes.

[0049] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the process of proceeding to the next step of construction on the steep rock slope from top to bottom along different slope levels until completion also includes the following steps: Step 1: Carry out the initial tensioning, final tensioning, and anchor sealing of the anchor cables in a continuous process within the same area in the transverse direction of the Nth grade slope.

[0050] Step 2: In the same area of ​​the N+1 level slope, carry out the construction of slope frame beam reinforcement binding, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing in an assembly line.

[0051] Step 3: In the same area transverse to the N+2 level slope, carry out anchor hole drilling, anchor cable fabrication and installation in an assembly line.

[0052] Step 4: In the same area along the transverse direction of the N+3 level slope, carry out slope blasting, slag removal and slope trimming construction in an assembly line.

[0053] In this embodiment, as an example, slope excavation, anchor installation, frame beam construction, and anchor tensioning and sealing are all carried out in a streamlined manner within the same area of ​​the Nth, N+1th, N+2th, and N+3th level slopes. During slope excavation, the streamlined process includes slope blasting, muck removal, and slope surface trimming. During anchor installation, it includes anchor hole drilling, anchor fabrication, and installation. During frame beam construction, it includes frame beam reinforcement binding, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring, and curing. During anchor tensioning and sealing, it includes initial anchor tensioning, final anchor tensioning, and anchor sealing. This allows for parallel advancement and streamlined operation of different processes on multiple levels of steep rock slopes, while simultaneously ensuring the same slope construction area is covered. The process involves parallel advancement and sequential operation of different procedures. In the slope excavation phase, a down-the-hole drill is first used to drill blasting holes, followed by blasting with explosives inside the holes. Then, an excavator removes the slag, and finally, the slope is trimmed. In the anchor installation phase, a boom drill is first used to drill anchor holes on the slope surface, then anchor cables 2 are installed inside the holes, and finally, grouting is performed on the anchor holes. In the frame beam construction phase, a small rotary crane is first used to transport the reinforcing bars to the construction area and tie them, then the formwork is installed, and finally, frame beam 1 is poured and cured. In the anchor tensioning and sealing phase, anchor cables 2 are initially tensioned, then finally tensioned, and finally, the anchor sealing formwork is installed and the sealing end of anchor cable 2 is poured.

[0054] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the initial tensioning, final tensioning, and anchor sealing of the anchor cable include the following steps: The anchor cable 2 is pre-tensioned, then tensioned in stages, then tensioned finally, and finally the sealing end of the anchor cable is cast.

[0055] In this embodiment, pre-tensioning is required before initial tensioning of anchor cable 2. The pre-tensioning force can be set to 10%~20% of the design pre-tensioning value to ensure that anchor cable 2 is straight and that anchor cable 2, anchor cable pad, tensioning jack, and other parts are in close contact. Initial tensioning of anchor cable 2 is performed in three cycles to achieve a tension force of 60%~70% of the design tension value. Final tensioning of anchor cable 2 is performed in two cycles to achieve a tension force of 100%~110% of the design tension value. The interval between final tensioning and initial tensioning of anchor cable is greater than 3 days to eliminate creep deformation of the rock mass.

[0056] Further, see Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the numerical simulation analysis of the parallel construction process of multi-stage slopes and multiple procedures for steep rock slopes includes the following steps: S101: Perform three-dimensional calculations on the entire steep rock slope to conduct a preliminary analysis of the overall stability of the slope.

[0057] S102: Quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes and local stability analysis of slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes.

[0058] S103: Construct a two-dimensional slope excavation model and conduct realistic excavation simulation analysis.

[0059] In this embodiment, the method of simultaneous parallel construction of multi-level and multi-process slopes for steep rock slopes is determined by analyzing the overall stability of the slope, the local stability of the slope, and the stress and deformation of the rock mass. This verifies the feasibility of simultaneous parallel construction of multi-level and multi-process slopes and ensures the safety of slope construction.

[0060] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the three-dimensional calculation of the entire steep rock slope and the preliminary analysis of the overall slope stability include the following steps: Based on the geometry and orientation of steep rock slopes, FLAC software was used to perform three-dimensional calculations on the steep rock slopes and to conduct a qualitative analysis of the overall stability of the slopes.

[0061] In this embodiment, based on the geometry and orientation of the steep rock slope, FLAC software is used to perform three-dimensional calculations on the steep rock slope. The overall stability of the slope is preliminarily analyzed through slope displacement and the distribution of the awakening plastic zone. The awakening plastic zone is the non-operational area of ​​the slope. In the initial state, the awakening plastic zone has no plastic deformation. After construction, the awakening plastic zone will undergo plastic deformation. This plastic deformation is irreversible. The plastic deformation after construction is defined as awakening plastic deformation.

[0062] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes and the local stability analysis of the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes include the following steps: Discrete element analysis was used to cut joints in the slope, and the safety factor of all points on the structural surface was calculated using point safety factors to quantitatively analyze the stability of the slope. In addition, the block stability search method was used to search for locally unstable blocks in the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes, and the local stability of potentially unstable blocks was analyzed.

[0063] In this embodiment, 3DEC software combined with discrete element analysis is used to cut joints in the slope, and the safety factor of all points on the structural surface is calculated using point safety factors to quantitatively analyze the stability of the slope. The 3DEC software has a built-in large deformation function. When a local block of the slope becomes unstable or slides, the large deformation function can be activated to observe the opening and fracturing process of the joints. At the same time, the joint model after the slope excavation is constructed using AUTOBLOCK software, and the block stability search method is used to search for locally unstable blocks on the slope steps after the excavation of the steep rock slope. Local stability analysis is performed on potentially unstable blocks to improve the results of the local stability analysis of the slope.

[0064] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, constructing a two-dimensional slope excavation model and conducting realistic excavation simulation analysis includes the following steps: A two-dimensional slope excavation model was constructed using FLAC software. Anchor cables were added to the two-dimensional slope excavation model. Numerical simulation analysis was performed on excavation with single-level protection and single-level construction, as well as multi-level slope and multi-process parallel construction. Displacement and plastic distribution diagrams under different construction schemes were proposed, and the impact of different construction schemes on slope stability was compared.

[0065] In this embodiment, a two-dimensional slope excavation model is constructed using FLAC software. Anchor cables are added to the two-dimensional slope excavation model. Numerical simulation analyses are demonstrated for excavation with single-stage protection and single-stage construction, two-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction, three-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction, and four-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction. Displacement and plasticity distribution diagrams under different construction schemes are then presented, and the impact of different construction schemes on slope stability is compared. When the slope stability of excavation with single-stage protection and single-stage construction, two-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction, three-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction, and four-stage slope multi-stage parallel construction all meet the specifications... When the construction method for high and steep rock slopes is determined, it shall be a four-stage slope multi-process parallel construction. When the excavation, protection and construction, two-stage slope multi-process parallel construction and three-stage slope multi-process parallel construction all meet the requirements of the specifications, the construction method for high and steep rock slopes shall be a three-stage slope multi-process parallel construction. When the excavation, protection and construction, two-stage slope multi-process parallel construction all meet the requirements of the specifications, the construction method for high and steep rock slopes shall be a two-stage slope multi-process parallel construction. When the excavation, protection and construction meet the requirements of the specifications, the construction method for high and steep rock slopes shall be an excavation, protection and construction.

[0066] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the construction method further includes the following steps: A monitoring system is installed within the slope area. When the monitoring data of the system reaches the deformation warning value, the system issues an alarm signal.

[0067] In this embodiment, the monitoring system includes monitoring equipment, radar, and a back-end processing system. The monitoring equipment, radar, and back-end processing system are signal-connected. The monitoring equipment is installed within the range of each slope level, and the radar is installed within a preset range of the steep rock slope. For example, the preset range of the steep rock slope can be set to 3 km. The radar is used to collect geomorphic signals from the steep rock slope, and the monitoring equipment is used to receive the geomorphic signals and output monitoring data of the slope during construction. When the monitoring data reaches the deformation warning value, the back-end processing system issues an alarm signal. In other embodiments, the monitoring equipment can be installed within the range of multiple slope levels. For example, the multiple slope levels can be set as two-level, three-level, or more slope levels.

[0068] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0069] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A construction method for a steep rock slope, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Numerical simulation analysis was conducted on the multi-stage and multi-process parallel construction process of steep rock slopes, and the synchronous parallel construction method of multi-stage and multi-process for steep rock slopes was determined based on the data simulation analysis results. Based on the simulation analysis results, a multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method was determined to carry out slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing construction on the steep rock slope until the construction of the steep rock slope was completed.

2. The construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, determined according to simulation analysis results, includes the following steps: slope excavation, anchor installation, frame beam construction, and anchor tensioning and sealing. After the Nth level slope protection frame beam is poured, the Nth level slope is divided into transverse sections. At the same time, the initial tensioning, final tensioning and anchor sealing of anchor cables are carried out in a continuous process in different transverse areas of the Nth level slope. After the installation of the slope protection anchor cables of the N+1 level is completed, the N+1 level slope is divided into transverse sections. In different transverse areas of the N+1 level slope, the construction of slope frame beam reinforcement binding, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing is carried out in an assembly line. After the slope protection surface of the N+2 level slope is repaired, the N+2 level slope is divided into transverse sections. Anchor cable hole drilling, anchor cable fabrication and installation are carried out in an assembly line in different transverse areas of the N+2 level slope. The slope of level N+3 is divided into transverse zones, and slope blasting, slag removal and slope trimming are carried out in a continuous process in different transverse zones of the slope of level N+3. For steep rock slopes, the next step of the process is carried out from top to bottom along different slope levels until the construction is completed.

3. The construction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-level, multi-process synchronous parallel construction method for high and steep rock slopes, determined according to simulation analysis results, includes the following steps for slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing: Slope excavation, anchor cable installation, frame beam construction, and anchor cable tensioning and sealing are carried out on each slope line.

4. The construction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The construction of the steep rock slope, from top to bottom, involves the following steps in the different grade slope assembly line until completion: In the same area transverse to the Nth level slope, the initial tensioning, final tensioning, and sealing of the anchor cables are carried out in a continuous process. In the same area of ​​the transverse side of the N+1 level slope, the construction of slope frame beam reinforcement binding, formwork installation and reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing is carried out in an assembly line. In the same area transverse to the N+2 level slope, the drilling, fabrication, and installation of anchor cables are carried out in an assembly line. Slope blasting, slag removal, and slope trimming are carried out in a continuous process within the same area laterally on the N+3 level slope.

5. The construction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The initial tensioning, final tensioning, and anchor sealing of the anchor cables include the following steps: The anchor cable is pre-tensioned, then tensioned in stages, then tensioned finally, and finally the anchor end is cast.

6. The construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The numerical simulation analysis of the parallel construction process of multi-stage and multi-process slopes in steep rock slopes includes the following steps: Three-dimensional calculations were performed on the entire steep rock slope to conduct a preliminary analysis of the overall stability of the slope. A quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes was conducted, and a local stability analysis of the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes was performed. A two-dimensional slope excavation model was constructed to conduct realistic excavation simulation analysis.

7. The construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process of performing three-dimensional calculations on the entire steep rock slope and conducting a preliminary analysis of the overall slope stability includes the following steps: Based on the geometry and orientation of steep rock slopes, FLAC software was used to perform three-dimensional calculations on the steep rock slopes and to conduct a qualitative analysis of the overall stability of the slopes.

8. The construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The quantitative analysis of the stability of steep rock slopes and the local stability analysis of the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes include the following steps: Discrete element analysis was used to cut joints in the slope, and the safety factor of all points on the structural surface was calculated using point safety factors to quantitatively analyze the stability of the slope. In addition, the block stability search method was used to search for locally unstable blocks in the slope steps after excavation of steep rock slopes, and the local stability of potentially unstable blocks was analyzed.

9. The construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The construction of a two-dimensional slope excavation model and the subsequent realistic excavation simulation analysis include the following steps: A two-dimensional slope excavation model was constructed using FLAC software. Anchor cables were added to the two-dimensional slope excavation model. Numerical simulation analysis was performed on excavation with single-level protection and single-level construction, as well as multi-level slope and multi-process parallel construction. Displacement and plastic distribution diagrams under different construction schemes were proposed, and the impact of different construction schemes on slope stability was compared.

10. The construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: A monitoring system is installed within the slope area. When the monitoring data of the system reaches the deformation warning value, the system issues an alarm signal.

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