High and steep rock slope vegetation concrete ecological restoration system and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation concrete ecological restoration system for a high and steep rock slope and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of slope protection and ecological restoration. The system comprises a plurality of prefabricated modularized concrete bases which are arranged on the abrupt slope in a riveted mode through anchor rod assemblies. A planting cavity seat is arranged in the center of the concrete base, a water storage cavity is formed below, and a water collecting system is formed on the periphery; rainwater and dew are efficiently collected; the water storage cavity is filled with water storage particles, so that long-term storage of water is realized; a water guide system is arranged in the water storage cavity, and water is evenly guided to the planting cavity base through the capillary action. The concrete base is quickly spliced with the wedge-shaped insertion block through the dovetail groove, the anchor rod assembly has one-key anchoring and unanchoring functions, and construction and maintenance are facilitated. According to the invention, modular rapid construction, efficient water collection and storage and scientific moisture allocation are realized, and the protection effect and the vegetation survival rate of the high abrupt slope crushed rock slope are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection and ecological restoration technology, specifically to a vegetation concrete ecological restoration system and construction method for steep rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional slope protection technologies mainly include rigid protection measures such as grouted rubble masonry slope protection, shotcrete and anchor support, and wire mesh and shotcrete. While these technologies can provide strong slope stability in the short term, their concrete or mortar covering layers block the soil and water conditions necessary for vegetation growth, completely eliminating their ecological function. Furthermore, rigid structures are prone to cracking and detachment on steep, fractured rock slopes due to foundation deformation, resulting in insufficient long-term stability. In recent years, ecological slope protection technologies have gradually emerged, such as topsoil spraying, vegetation concrete, and vegetation bags, attempting to create a vegetation growth environment on the slope. However, these technologies face numerous challenges when applied to steep, fractured rock slopes: First, the bonding strength between the substrate and the slope is insufficient, making them prone to landslides under rainfall or gravity. Second, water supply is difficult to guarantee; steep slopes have rapid runoff and poor water retention capacity, leading to rapid water loss. Furthermore, the lack of effective water storage and regulation mechanisms results in widespread vegetation death due to water shortage in extreme drought conditions, making ecological restoration difficult to sustain. Third, existing technologies often employ an integrated construction approach, which is ill-suited to complex and varied terrain conditions. Moreover, once local damage occurs, repair and replacement are extremely difficult, resulting in high maintenance costs in the later stages.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, while some existing technologies have attempted to incorporate rainwater harvesting modules, these typically only guide the collected water directly to vegetated areas, lacking mechanisms for long-term storage and scientific allocation, thus failing to meet the challenges of extreme drought. Furthermore, the application of modular design in slope protection remains insufficient; existing modular structures often suffer from complex connection methods and inadequate anchoring reliability, making it difficult to meet the stringent structural stability requirements of steep slopes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of protection system that can adapt to the complex terrain conditions of steep and fractured rock slopes, has efficient water collection and long-term water storage functions, can achieve modular rapid construction and convenient maintenance, and can effectively ensure the long-term survival of vegetation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problems of difficult substrate fixing, insufficient water supply, poor terrain adaptability, and inconvenient maintenance in existing technologies by providing a vegetation concrete ecological restoration system and construction method for steep rock slopes.

[0006] A vegetation concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes includes several prefabricated modular concrete bases, each a regular polygon. The concrete bases are riveted together on the steep slope using anchor bolt assemblies. A planting cavity is located at the center of each concrete base. A water storage cavity is formed below the concrete base and the planting cavity. A water collection system is formed around the concrete base and the planting cavity. The water collection system is used to transport rainwater and dew into the planting cavity and the water storage cavity. A water guiding system is provided inside the water storage cavity to guide the water stored in the water storage cavity into the planting cavity.

[0007] Preferably, the water collection system includes several honeycomb cover plates located between the concrete base and the planting cavity base. The surface of the honeycomb cover plates has water collection holes arranged in a honeycomb pattern, and the bottom end of the water collection holes is connected to the water storage cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the water collection system further includes a plurality of water collection grooves etched on the surface of the concrete base, the water collection grooves being in the shape of an upwardly expanding "V" and extending horizontally through the opening of each water collection hole to the periphery of the implant cavity seat.

[0009] Preferably, the upper side of the water storage cavity is provided with an installation port extending to the upper surface of the concrete base, and a honeycomb cover plate matching the shape of the installation port is installed at the installation port. The water collection holes and water collection channels of the water collection system are all set on the honeycomb cover plate.

[0010] Preferably, the water storage cavity is filled with water storage particles.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the planting cavity seat has several connecting holes, through which a water guiding system is connected; the water guiding system includes several water guiding rods, which are inserted into the connecting holes, with the bottom end of the water guiding rod located in the water storage cavity and the top end of the water guiding rod located in the planting cavity seat.

[0012] Preferably, each side of the concrete base is provided with a dovetail groove and a wedge-shaped insert, and two adjacent concrete bases are connected by inserting the dovetail groove and wedge-shaped insert on the same side.

[0013] Preferably, the concrete base is provided with an anchor seat on the periphery of the planting cavity, and the anchor bolt assembly is inserted into the anchor seat. The concrete base is stably connected to the rock mass of the deep steep slope through the anchor bolt assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the anchor bolt assembly includes an upper anchor bolt and a lower anchor bolt, which are fixedly connected. The upper anchor bolt is connected to the anchor seat via a guide sleeve, and the upper anchor bolt is slidably installed within the guide sleeve. A telescopic spring is sleeved between the guide sleeve and the lower anchor bolt. The bottom of the lower anchor bolt passes through the anchor seat and can connect to an anchor hole opened on the slope. The lower anchor bolt is connected to the bottom of the anchor seat via a spring pin assembly. The lower anchor bolt is provided with a fixed lock head and a movable lock head. The movable lock head is sleeved on the lower anchor bolt and located above the fixed lock head. The upper end of the movable lock head is slidably inserted into the lower anchor bolt and connected to it via a return spring. The lower end face of the movable lock head and the upper end face of the fixed lock head cooperate to form a release pin structure. The spring pin assembly is located at the bottom of the anchor seat and can abut against the fixed lock head and the movable lock head. A lifting head is provided at the top of the upper anchor bolt.

[0015] Preferably, the lifting head can press the two ends of the honeycomb cover plates on both sides tightly, and can suspend the entire module to be assembled by ropes.

[0016] This invention also provides a construction method for a vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prefabrication: Based on the geological conditions and topographic parameters of the slope, the concrete base is customized and processed in the factory using the prefabrication method. Planting cavity seats, water storage chambers, anchor seats, dovetail grooves and wedge-shaped inserts are reserved on the concrete base, and honeycomb cover plates and anchor bolt assemblies are prefabricated. Step 2, Base Installation: Based on the slope topography survey and layout, determine the installation position and matrix arrangement of the concrete base. The concrete bases are hoisted to the predetermined positions in sequence. The modules are spliced ​​by inserting the dovetail grooves and wedge-shaped blocks on the sides of the adjacent bases. The lower anchor rod of the anchor rod assembly is driven into the preset anchor hole in the slope by pressing the lifting head. The anchoring and locking are completed by using the spring pin group and the fixing lock head. Step 3, Internal filling: Fill the water storage cavity of the concrete base with water storage particles, insert water guide rods into the connecting holes, and fill the planting cavity with planting soil. Step 4: Planting vegetation: Select drought-resistant plant varieties with low water requirements and well-developed root systems, and plant them in the planting soil inside the planting cavity. Step 5, System Operation: Rainwater and dew are collected through the water collection holes on the honeycomb cover of the water collection system. The water enters the water storage chamber through the water collection holes and is absorbed and stored by the water storage particles. During drought, the water storage particles release water, which is guided to the planting chamber seat by the capillary action of the water guide rod to supply the plant growth, realizing the automatic collection, storage and efficient utilization of water. Step Six, Maintenance and Disassembly: When the module needs maintenance and repair, press the lifting head further to compress the spring pin assembly of the movable lock head and pass through it. After releasing the lifting head, the lower anchor rod will reset under the action of the telescopic spring. The release pin structure formed by the movable lock head and the fixed lock head will release the anchor. After disassembling the honeycomb cover plate and the implantation cavity seat, perform maintenance work. The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. Modular Design and Adaptability to Steep Slopes: This invention employs prefabricated modular concrete bases, allowing for mass production and controllable quality. The concrete bases are regular polygonal structures, with dovetail grooves and wedge-shaped inserts on the sides enabling rapid splicing between adjacent bases to form an integrated slope protection structure. This structure can adapt to complex and varied steep, fractured rock slope terrain. The modular design allows for independent inspection and replacement of individual concrete bases, significantly reducing later maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the concrete bases are anchored to deep, stable rock masses via anchor bolt assemblies, effectively transferring slope loads to the deep rock mass and significantly enhancing the stability of the slope's soil and rock. Combined with the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots within the planting cavity, this effectively suppresses geological disasters such as landslides and collapses.

[0017] 2. High-efficiency water collection and long-term water storage mechanism: This invention incorporates a water collection system on the surface of the concrete base. The honeycomb cover plate features tightly arranged water collection holes that efficiently capture rainwater and dew. The hexagonal honeycomb structure provides maximum water collection volume per unit area while increasing slope roughness, slowing runoff velocity, and promoting water infiltration. V-shaped drainage channels connect the collection holes to form a micro-runoff network, enabling secondary interception and utilization of slope runoff, guiding excess rainwater and morning dew to the perimeter of the planting cavity. The high-polymer water-absorbing particles filling the storage cavity have extremely strong water absorption capacity. After absorbing water, they form a hydrogel, which can lock moisture inside the base for a long time, preventing evaporation loss caused by direct sunlight. This solves the problems of short water retention time and easy evaporation loss in traditional water storage structures.

[0018] 3. Scientific Water Allocation and Vegetation Survival Guarantee: This invention utilizes a water-conducting system to transport water between the water storage chamber and the planting chamber base. Water-conducting rods are inserted into the connecting holes, with their bottom ends inside the water storage particles and their top ends inside the planting chamber base. Capillary action is used to transport the water adsorbed by the water storage particles upwards at a uniform and slow rate to the planting soil within the planting chamber base. Multiple water-conducting rods are evenly distributed to ensure uniform water distribution at the bottom of the planting chamber base, preventing water accumulation or localized water shortages. During periods of abundant rainfall, the water collected by the water collection system is adsorbed and stored by the water storage particles. In extremely arid environments, the water storage particles slowly release water, which is continuously supplied to the vegetation through the water-conducting rods. This achieves scientific water allocation, significantly improving the survival rate of vegetation in extremely arid environments and enhancing the ecological benefits of slope protection.

[0019] 4. Convenient Anchoring and Maintenance Structure: The anchor bolt assembly used in this invention integrates locking and unlocking functions. By pressing the lifting head, the upper anchor bolt compresses the telescopic spring, causing the lower anchor bolt to extend. The locking head and spring pin assembly work together to achieve quick anchoring and locking. When maintenance is required, pressing the lifting head further compresses the spring pin assembly, and releasing it causes the lower anchor bolt to reset under the action of the telescopic spring, automatically releasing the anchoring. The lifting head also functions to press the honeycomb cover plate and can be used as a lifting point. The entire module can be hoisted by ropes, simplifying the construction hoisting and subsequent maintenance disassembly process, improving construction efficiency and maintenance convenience. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in a semi-sectional state; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 For the partial view of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 8 For the partial view of the present invention Figure 2 ; The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Concrete base; 1a. Planting cavity seat; 1b. Water storage cavity; 1b1. Water storage particles; 1b2. Connecting hole; 1b3. Installation port; 1b4. Honeycomb cover plate; 1c. Water collection system; 1c1. Water collection hole; 1c2. Water collection trench; 1d. Water guiding system; 1d1. Water guiding rod; 1e. Dovetail groove; 1f. Wedge-shaped insert; 1g. Anchor seat; 1h. Anchor bolt assembly; 1h1. Lifting head; 1h2. Upper anchor bolt; 1h3. Lower anchor bolt; 1h4. Guide sleeve; 1h5. Telescopic spring; 1h6. Spring pin assembly; 1h7. Fixed lock head; 1h8. Movable lock head; 1h9. Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 8 : Example 1: Structural Composition of Vegetated Concrete Ecological Restoration System for Steep Rock Slopes A vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes includes several prefabricated modular concrete bases 1. The concrete bases 1 are regular polygonal structures, preferably square or hexagonal, to facilitate tight splicing between adjacent bases. The concrete bases 1 are riveted and arranged on the slope surface of the steep, fractured rock slope using anchor bolt assemblies 1h.

[0023] A planting cavity 1a is centrally located on the concrete base 1 to accommodate planting soil and plant roots. A water storage cavity 1b is formed below the planting cavity 1a within the concrete base 1. This water storage cavity 1b is an open-top hollow structure used to store collected water. A water collection system 1c is formed between the concrete base 1 and the periphery of the planting cavity 1a. This system transports unconventional water sources such as rainwater and dew to the planting cavity 1a and the water storage cavity 1b. A water guiding system 1d is installed within the water storage cavity 1b to guide the water stored in the water storage cavity 1b into the planting cavity 1a, providing a continuous water supply for plant growth.

[0024] The water collection system 1c includes a honeycomb cover plate 1b4 disposed between the concrete base 1 and the planting cavity seat 1a. The honeycomb cover plate 1b4 covers the water storage cavity 1b, and its surface has multiple micro hexagonal water collection holes 1c1 arranged in a honeycomb pattern. The bottom ends of the water collection holes 1c1 are connected to the water storage cavity 1b. The hexagonal honeycomb structure provides the maximum water collection volume per unit area, while increasing the surface roughness, slowing down the runoff velocity, and promoting water infiltration.

[0025] To further enhance water collection efficiency, the water collection system 1c also includes several drainage channels 1c2 etched into the surface of the concrete base 1. The drainage channels 1c2 have an upward-expanding "V" shape, horizontally passing through the opening of each water collection hole 1c1 and extending to the periphery of the planting cavity seat 1a. Multiple "V"-shaped drainage channels 1c2 connect the water collection holes 1c1 to form a miniature surface runoff network. When rainfall is heavy, excess rainwater can flow along the drainage channels 1c2 to the area surrounding the planting cavity seat 1a. In areas with large diurnal temperature variations, morning dew can also be collected along the drainage channels 1c2, providing additional moisture to the plants.

[0026] An installation port 1b3 extending to the upper surface of the concrete base 1 is provided on the upper side of the water storage chamber 1b. A honeycomb cover plate 1b4 matching the opening shape of the installation port 1b3 is installed at the installation port 1b3. The water collection holes 1c1 and water collection channels 1c2 of the water collection system 1c are both located on the honeycomb cover plate 1b4. The honeycomb cover plate 1b4 can be made of metal, such as stainless steel or galvanized steel plate, which has good thermal conductivity and can cool down rapidly at night, making the surface temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the surrounding air. This promotes the condensation of water vapor on the surface of the cover plate to form dew, further improving the collection capacity of non-rainfall water sources. The honeycomb cover plate 1b4 can be quickly assembled and disassembled with the concrete base 1 through the installation port 1b3, facilitating later maintenance and replacement.

[0027] The water storage chamber 1b is filled with water-retaining particles 1b1. The water-retaining particles 1b1 are preferably made of sodium polyacrylate, a high-molecular-weight water-retaining agent. This type of material has extremely strong water absorption capacity, with a water absorption rate reaching tens or even hundreds of times its own weight. After absorbing water, it forms a hydrogel, which can lock the moisture inside the base for a long time, preventing evaporation loss caused by direct sunlight. In arid environments, the water-retaining particles 1b1 can slowly release the absorbed water, providing a continuous water source for vegetation growth.

[0028] The bottom of the planting cavity seat 1a has several connecting holes 1b2, which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting cavity seat 1a and connect to the water guiding system 1d. The water guiding system 1d includes several water guiding rods 1d1, which are inserted into the connecting holes 1b2. The bottom end of the water guiding rod 1d1 is located in the water storage cavity 1b and inserted into the water storage particles 1b1, while the top end of the water guiding rod 1d1 is located in the planting cavity seat 1a. The water guiding rods 1d1 are made of geosynthetic material with capillary water guiding function, which can transport the water adsorbed by the water storage particles 1b1 upwards at a uniform and slow speed through capillary action to the planting soil in the planting cavity seat 1a. The multiple water guiding rods 1d1 are evenly distributed to ensure uniform distribution of water at the bottom of the planting cavity seat 1a and avoid water accumulation or local water shortage.

[0029] Each side of the concrete base 1 is provided with a dovetail groove 1e and a wedge-shaped insert 1f. Two adjacent concrete bases 1 are connected by the dovetail groove 1e and wedge-shaped insert 1f on the mating side. The mating structure of the dovetail groove 1e and wedge-shaped insert 1f enables the bases to be quickly spliced ​​and self-locking, forming an integral slope protection structure that effectively resists slope shear force.

[0030] An anchor seat 1g is provided on the periphery of the planting cavity seat 1a in the concrete base 1. The anchor seat 1g is a vertical through-hole structure that penetrates the concrete base 1. The anchor bolt assembly 1h is inserted into the anchor seat 1g. The concrete base 1 is connected to the stable rock mass deep in the steep slope through the anchor bolt assembly 1h, which transfers the slope load to the deep rock mass and enhances the overall stability of the slope.

[0031] The anchor bolt assembly 1h includes an upper anchor bolt 1h2 and a lower anchor bolt 1h3, which are fixedly connected. The upper anchor bolt 1h2 is connected to the anchor seat 1g via a guide sleeve 1h4, which slides within the guide sleeve 1h4. A telescopic spring 1h5 is fitted between the guide sleeve 1h4 and the lower anchor bolt 1h3. The bottom of the lower anchor bolt 1h3 passes through the anchor seat 1g and can connect to an anchor hole drilled in the slope. The lower anchor bolt 1h3 is connected to the bottom of the anchor seat 1g via a spring pin assembly 1h6.

[0032] The lower anchor rod 1h3 is equipped with a fixed lock head 1h7 and a movable lock head 1h8. The movable lock head 1h8 is sleeved on the lower anchor rod 1h3 and located above the fixed lock head 1h7. The upper end of the movable lock head 1h8 is slidably inserted into the lower anchor rod 1h3 and connected to it via a return spring 1h9. The lower end face of the movable lock head 1h8 mates with the upper end face of the fixed lock head 1h7 to form a release pin structure. The spring pin assembly 1h6 is located at the bottom of the anchor seat 1g and can abut against the fixed lock head 1h7 and the movable lock head 1h8. The top of the upper anchor rod 1h2 is equipped with a lifting pressure head 1h1. The size of the lifting pressure head 1h1 is larger than the diameter of the anchor seat 1g, which can press the two ends of the honeycomb cover plates 1b4 on both sides tightly. It can also be used to hoist the entire module to be assembled via ropes, facilitating hoisting construction. Example 2: Construction Method of Vegetated Concrete Ecological Restoration System for Steep Rock Slopes This embodiment provides a construction method for a vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes, applied to the aforementioned system, and specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Prefabrication Based on the slope geological conditions and topographic parameters, a prefabricated concrete base 1 is custom-made in a factory. The dimensions, number of sides of the regular polygon, and thickness of the concrete base 1 are determined according to the slope gradient, degree of fragmentation, and load requirements. Planting cavity seat 1a, water storage cavity 1b, anchor seat 1g, dovetail groove 1e, and wedge-shaped insert 1f are pre-installed on the concrete base 1. Simultaneously, a honeycomb cover plate 1b4 is prefabricated using sheet metal stamping or casting processes, and honeycomb-shaped water collection holes 1c1 and V-shaped water collection channels 1c2 are machined on the honeycomb cover plate 1b4. The prefabricated anchor bolt assembly 1h comprises various components, including an upper anchor bolt 1h2, a lower anchor bolt 1h3, a guide sleeve 1h4, a telescopic spring 1h5, a spring pin assembly 1h6, a fixed lock head 1h7, a movable lock head 1h8, a return spring 1h9, and a lifting head 1h1, and is initially assembled in the factory.

[0033] Step 2: Base Installation Based on the slope topography, surveying and setting out are conducted to determine the installation position and matrix arrangement of the concrete bases 1. The precast concrete bases 1 are then sequentially hoisted to their designated positions. During hoisting, ropes are attached to the lifting head 1h1, and the concrete bases 1 are smoothly lowered to the designated positions on the slope using lifting equipment. Adjacent concrete bases 1 are joined together by the insertion of dovetail grooves 1e on the sides and wedge-shaped inserts 1f. The wedge-shaped inserts 1f, once inserted into the dovetail grooves 1e, form a self-locking mechanism, ensuring a tight connection between the bases.

[0034] After the base is in place, the anchor bolt assembly 1h is anchored. The operator presses down on the lifting head 1h1, which pushes the upper anchor bolt 1h2 to slide downwards along the guide sleeve 1h4. The upper anchor bolt 1h2 compresses the telescopic spring 1h5, simultaneously causing the lower anchor bolt 1h3 to extend downwards. The fixing lock head 1h7 at the bottom of the lower anchor bolt 1h3 moves downwards and presses against the spring pin assembly 1h6, compressing the spring pin assembly 1h6 into the anchor seat 1g. When the fixing lock head 1h7 passes through the position of the spring pin assembly 1h6, the spring pin assembly 1h6 quickly returns to its original position under its own elastic force, locking above the fixing lock head 1h7, completing the anchoring and locking. At this time, the lifting head 1h1 is released. Under the elastic force of the telescopic spring 1h5, the upper anchor rod 1h2 tends to return to its original position. However, since the fixing lock head 1h7 has been locked by the spring pin group 1h6, the lower anchor rod 1h3 remains extended, and its bottom extends into the pre-drilled anchor hole on the slope, thus achieving a stable connection between the concrete base 1 and the deep rock mass.

[0035] Step 3: Internal Filling After anchoring, the internal filling of the concrete base 1 is carried out. First, the honeycomb cover plate 1b4 is opened, and water-storing particles 1b1 are filled into the water storage cavity 1b, filling it to approximately 80% of its volume, leaving some space for water infiltration and gas exchange. Then, a water guide rod 1d1 is inserted into the connecting hole 1b2 at the bottom of the planting cavity 1a, with its bottom end inserted into the water-storing particles 1b1 and its top end extending above the connecting hole 1b2. Finally, planting soil is filled into the planting cavity 1a. The planting soil can be a lightweight nutrient soil rich in organic matter, and the filling height is slightly lower than the upper edge of the planting cavity 1a to facilitate later irrigation and rainwater collection.

[0036] Step 4: Planting vegetation Based on the climate conditions and site environment of the slope area, select drought-resistant plant varieties with low water requirements and well-developed root systems, such as herbaceous plants like Bermuda grass and tall fescue, and shrubs like Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor. Plant them in the planting soil within the planting cavity 1a, using methods such as sowing, planting seedlings, or cuttings. After planting, water thoroughly to ensure the plant roots are in full contact with the planting soil.

[0037] Step 5: System Operation After the system is put into operation, the water collection system 1c begins to perform its water collection function. During rainfall, rainwater falls into the honeycomb-shaped water collection holes 1c1 on the honeycomb cover plate 1b4 and flows directly into the water storage chamber 1b, where it is absorbed and stored by the water storage particles 1b1. When the rainfall intensity is high, excess rainwater flows along the V-shaped water collection groove 1c2 to the periphery of the planting chamber seat 1a, directly replenishing the water for the plant roots. In seasons with large diurnal temperature differences, the surface temperature of the honeycomb cover plate 1b4 drops rapidly at night, and water vapor in the air condenses on the surface of the cover plate to form dew. The dew collects along the water collection groove 1c2 and flows into the water storage chamber 1b through the water collection holes 1c1 or is absorbed by the plants. When encountering extreme drought or interruption of external water supply, the water storage granules 1b1 slowly release the adsorbed water, which wets the bottom of the water guide rod 1d1. Under capillary action, the water is evenly and slowly transported upward along the water guide rod 1d1 to the planting soil in the planting cavity seat 1a, providing a continuous water supply for the plant roots and ensuring the survival of the plant in harsh environments.

[0038] Step Six: Maintenance and Disassembly When maintenance or repair is required on a concrete base 1, the operator further presses the lifting head 1h1. The lifting head 1h1 pushes the upper anchor rod 1h2 to continue sliding downwards, further compressing the telescopic spring 1h5, and the lower anchor rod 1h3 continues to move downwards accordingly. At this time, the movable locking head 1h8 on the lower anchor rod 1h3 moves downwards and abuts against the spring pin assembly 1h6. The lower end face of the movable locking head 1h8 compresses the spring pin assembly 1h6, pushing it into the anchor seat 1g. After the movable locking head 1h8 passes through the position of the spring pin assembly 1h6, the lifting head 1h1 is released. Under the restoring force of the telescopic spring 1h5, the upper anchor rod 1h2 and the lower anchor rod 1h3 quickly return to their original positions. During the return process, the lower end face of the movable locking head 1h8 cooperates with the upper end face of the fixed locking head 1h7 to form a release pin structure, compressing the spring pin assembly 1h6 again, allowing the lower anchor rod 1h3 to smoothly exit the anchor seat 1g and release the anchoring lock. At the same time, the lifting head 1h1 is raised upwards to release the pressure on the honeycomb cover plate 1b4. At this time, the operator can remove the honeycomb cover plate 1b4 and the planting soil and plants in the planting cavity seat 1a, and replace or maintain the water storage particles 1b1 or water guide rods 1d1 in the water storage cavity 1b. After maintenance, the equipment can be reinstalled according to the aforementioned steps.

[0039] Brief description of working principle: During construction, several prefabricated modular concrete bases 1 are arranged in a matrix and fixed to the steep, fractured rock slope. Rapid splicing between bases is achieved through dovetail grooves 1e and wedge-shaped inserts 1f, and stable anchoring to the deep rock mass is achieved through anchor bolt components 1h. During daily use, the water collection system 1c distributed around the planting chamber base 1a efficiently collects unconventional water sources such as rainwater and dew through honeycomb-shaped water collection holes 1c1 and V-shaped drainage channels 1c2. Part of the collected water is directly transported to the planting chamber base 1a to provide immediate moisture for the vegetation growth within the chamber, while the other part is introduced into the water storage chamber 1b and absorbed and stored by water storage particles 1b1. In the event of extreme drought or interruption of external water supply, the water storage particles 1b1 slowly release the absorbed water, and the water guide rod 1d1 guides the water evenly and continuously into the planting chamber base 1a through capillary action, providing stable moisture support for vegetation growth and ensuring the survival of the vegetation in harsh environments.

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes, characterized in that, The system includes several prefabricated modular concrete bases (1), each concrete base (1) being a regular polygon. The concrete bases (1) are riveted together on a steep slope by anchor bolt assemblies (1h). A planting cavity seat (1a) is provided at the center of each concrete base (1). A water storage cavity (1b) is formed below the concrete base (1) and the planting cavity seat (1a). A water collection system (1c) is formed around the concrete base (1) and the planting cavity seat (1a). The water collection system (1c) is used to transport rainwater and dew into the planting cavity seat (1a) and the water storage cavity (1b). A water guiding system (1d) is provided in the water storage cavity (1b) to guide the water stored in the water storage cavity (1b) into the planting cavity seat (1a).

2. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection system (1c) includes several honeycomb cover plates (1b4) located between the concrete base (1) and the planting cavity base (1a). The surface of the honeycomb cover plate (1b4) is closely arranged with water collection holes (1c1) in a honeycomb pattern. The bottom end of the water collection holes (1c1) is connected to the water storage cavity (1b).

3. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the planting cavity seat (1a) is provided with several connecting holes (1b2), which are connected to the water guiding system (1d). The water guiding system (1d) includes several water guiding rods (1d1), which are inserted into the connecting holes (1b2). The bottom end of the water guiding rod (1d1) is located in the water storage cavity (1b), and the top end of the water guiding rod (1d1) is located in the planting cavity seat (1a).

4. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each side of the concrete base (1) is provided with a dovetail groove (1e) and a wedge-shaped insert (1f). Two adjacent concrete bases (1) are connected by inserting the dovetail groove (1e) and wedge-shaped insert (1f) on one side.

5. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete base (1) is provided with an anchor (1g) on ​​the periphery of the planting cavity seat (1a). The anchor rod assembly (1h) is inserted into the anchor (1g). The concrete base (1) is stably connected to the rock mass of the deep steep slope through the anchor rod assembly (1h).

6. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor bolt assembly (1h) includes an upper anchor bolt (1h2) and a lower anchor bolt (1h3). The upper anchor bolt (1h2) and the lower anchor bolt (1h3) are fixedly connected. The upper anchor bolt (1h2) is connected to the anchor seat (1g) through a guide sleeve (1h4). The upper anchor bolt (1h2) is slidably installed in the guide sleeve (1h4). A telescopic spring (1h5) is sleeved between the guide sleeve (1h4) and the lower anchor bolt (1h3). The bottom of the lower anchor bolt (1h3) passes through the anchor seat (1g) and can be connected to the anchor hole opened on the slope. The bottom of the lower anchor bolt (1h3) is connected to the bottom of the anchor seat (1g) through a spring pin assembly (1h6).

7. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower anchor rod (1h3) is provided with a fixed lock head (1h7) and a movable lock head (1h8). The movable lock head (1h8) is sleeved on the lower anchor rod (1h3) and located above the fixed lock head (1h7). The upper end of the movable lock head (1h8) is slidably inserted into the lower anchor rod (1h3) and connected to it through a return spring (1h9). The lower end face of the movable lock head (1h8) and the upper end face of the fixed lock head (1h7) cooperate to form a release pin structure. The spring pin assembly (1h6) is located at the bottom of the anchor (1g) and can abut against the fixed lock head (1h7) and the movable lock head (1h8); The top of the upper anchor rod (1h2) is provided with a lifting head (1h1).

8. The vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lifting head (1h1) can press the two ends of the honeycomb cover plates (1b4) on both sides tightly, and can lift the entire module to be assembled by ropes.

9. A construction method for a vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes, applied to the vegetation-concrete ecological restoration system for steep rock slopes as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Prefabrication: Based on the geological conditions and topographic parameters of the slope, a concrete base (1) is customized and fabricated in the factory using a prefabrication method. Planting cavity seat (1a), water storage cavity (1b), anchor seat (1g), dovetail groove (1e) and wedge-shaped insert (1f) are reserved on the concrete base (1). Honeycomb cover plate (1b4) and anchor bolt assembly (1h) are also prefabricated. Step 2, Base Installation: Based on the slope topography survey and layout, determine the installation position and matrix arrangement of the concrete base (1), and hoist the concrete base (1) to the predetermined position in sequence. The modules are spliced ​​by the dovetail groove (1e) and wedge-shaped insert (1f) on the side of the adjacent base. The lower anchor rod (1h3) of the anchor rod assembly (1h) is driven to extend into the preset anchor hole of the slope by pressing the lifting head (1h1). The anchoring and locking are completed by the spring pin group (1h6) and the fixing lock head (1h7). Step 3, internal filling: Fill the water storage cavity (1b) of the concrete base (1) with water storage particles (1b1), insert the water guide rod (1d1) into the connecting hole (1b2), and fill the planting cavity (1a) with planting soil; Step 4, Planting: Select drought-resistant, low-water-requirement, and well-developed root systems planted in the planting soil within the planting cavity (1a); Step 5, System Operation: Rainwater and dew are collected through the water collection holes (1c1) on the honeycomb cover plate (1b4) of the water collection system (1c). The water enters the water storage chamber (1b) through the water collection holes (1c1) and is absorbed and stored by the water storage particles (1b1). During drought, the water storage particles (1b1) release water and guide it to the planting chamber seat (1a) through the capillary action of the water guide rod (1d1) to supply the plant growth, thus realizing the automatic collection, storage and efficient utilization of water. Step 6, Maintenance and Disassembly: When maintenance and repair of the module are required, press the lifting head (1h1) further to compress the spring pin group (1h6) of the movable lock head (1h8) and pass through it. After releasing the lifting head (1h1), the lower anchor rod (1h3) is reset under the action of the telescopic spring (1h5). The unpin structure formed by the movable lock head (1h8) and the fixed lock head (1h7) is released from anchoring. After disassembling the honeycomb cover plate (1b4) and the implantation cavity seat (1a), maintenance work is carried out.

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