Rainwater and sewage diversion system for upstream tailings pond

Abstract

The invention discloses an upstream type tailing pond rain and sewage diversion system which comprises a pond tail flood drainage rain and sewage diversion system arranged on one side of a flood drainage vertical shaft and used for settling tailings in flood into a tailing pond before the tailings enter the flood drainage vertical shaft; the fill dam face rain and sewage diversion system is arranged on the fill dam face of the tailings pond and used for isolating rainwater and tailings and guiding and discharging the rainwater; the drainage and seepage rainwater and sewage diversion system is used for guiding rainwater in contact with the tailings into the collection pool; according to the scheme, the reservoir tail flood drainage rain and sewage diversion system, the fill dam face rain and sewage diversion system and the drainage and seepage rain and sewage diversion system jointly construct an all-dimensional rain and sewage diversion system covering the tailing reservoir tail, the fill dam face and the interior of the dam body, and quality division, diversion and separate treatment of tailing-containing rainwater, dam face runoff and dam body leachate are achieved; and the pollution risk of the tailing pond to surrounding soil, surface water and underground water is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings dam pollution prevention and control technology, specifically to an upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, both safety and environmental risk prevention and control are given equal importance to tailings dams. However, there were few pollution prevention and control measures during the construction of tailings dams, especially since there were basically no targeted rainwater and sewage separation measures due to the need to discharge floodwater to ensure the safety of the dam body.

[0003] During the operation of the upstream tailings dam, rainwater containing tailings exceeding the flood control level is discharged through the tailings drainage shaft and drainage chute. After the rainwater leaches the tailings in the dam, part of it flows into the Madaogou ditch through runoff, and then is directly discharged through the flood interception ditch on the dam shoulder. The seepage pipe installed on the dam leads out from the tailings body into the Madaogou ditch, and then is directly discharged through the flood interception ditch on the dam shoulder.

[0004] Rainwater containing tailings or pollutants can pollute surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater through surface runoff; therefore, it is urgent to establish an upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system to protect the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system, which solves the problem that the discharge of tailings-containing rainwater and the collection and discharge of leachate can easily pollute the surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An upstream tailings dam stormwater and wastewater separation system is provided, comprising: a tailings flood discharge stormwater and wastewater separation system, which is installed on one side of the flood discharge shaft to allow tailings in floodwater to settle into the tailings dam before entering the flood discharge shaft; a tailings dam surface stormwater and wastewater separation system, which is installed on the tailings dam surface to isolate rainwater and tailings and to guide rainwater out; and a seepage stormwater and wastewater separation system to guide rainwater in contact with tailings to a collection pond.

[0007] Furthermore, the reservoir tail flood discharge and sewage separation system includes a base set on one side of the flood discharge shaft. The base is equipped with a reverse slope made of tailings piled up and compacted. The reverse slope is opposite to the slope of the reservoir tail. Several sedimentation inclined tubes are arranged horizontally above the reverse slope, and the sedimentation inclined tubes are fixedly connected to the base through a bracket. A gap space is provided between the reverse slope and the sedimentation inclined tubes to allow bottom floodwater to enter. One end of the sedimentation inclined tubes is located at the toe of the reverse slope, and the other end of the sedimentation inclined tubes is located at the flood discharge outlet of the flood discharge shaft. Several holes are opened on the sedimentation inclined tubes for discharging the settled tailings inside the sedimentation inclined tubes.

[0008] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the reverse slope length is:

[0009] in, L The slope length; H The elevation difference between the flood discharge outlet of the flood drainage shaft and the nearby tailings; v The velocity of rainwater runoff within the reservoir; μ For fluid dynamic viscosity; The density of tailings; The density of water at a given temperature; d This represents the maximum particle density in the tailings. v s The settling velocity of the tailings particles; This is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0010] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the sedimentation inclined tube is 30 degrees, the radial dimension of the sedimentation inclined tube is 150 mm, the pore diameter is 50 mm, and the porosity of the pore is 5%-10%.

[0011] Furthermore, the stormwater and sewage separation system on the dam surface includes, from the outside to the inside, a barrier layer, a drainage layer, and a ditch set at the toe of the dam surface for drainage.

[0012] Furthermore, the barrier layer consists of topsoil and ecological bags from the outside to the inside, and the drainage layer is a three-dimensional composite drainage net made of high-density polyethylene with a core thickness of 5-8 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system also includes several drainage pipes pre-buried inside the tailings dam. The drainage pipes have several through holes and are wrapped with a filter layer. The drainage pipes are inclined and their lower ends are connected to the ditch.

[0014] Furthermore, the drainage and sewage separation system includes a leachate collection layer located at the junction of the tailings dam slope and the ditch. The leachate collection layer is connected to the external drainage pipe, and rainwater in contact with the tailings is collected into the collection pond through the external drainage pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the leachate collection layer includes a reverse filter layer near the tailings and a diversion layer near the ditch. The reverse filter layer is filled with silica with a particle size of 2-3 mm, and the sides and bottom of the reverse filter layer are covered with geotextile. The diversion layer is filled with waste rock with a particle size of 20-30 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the external drainage pipe includes an external drainage horizontal pipe that connects to the leachate collection layer. The external drainage horizontal pipe is suspended in the ditch by a hanger. Several inspection channels for dredging are provided at intervals on the external drainage horizontal pipe. The external drainage horizontal pipes in two adjacent ditches are connected by external drainage vertical pipes, and the external drainage horizontal pipes and external drainage vertical pipes are connected by a detachable movable bend.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This scheme constructs a comprehensive rainwater and sewage separation system covering the tail of the tailings dam, the dam surface, and the interior of the dam body through the tailings drainage system, the dam surface rainwater and sewage separation system, and the seepage rainwater and sewage separation system. This achieves the separation, diversion, and treatment of tailings-containing rainwater, dam surface runoff, and dam body leachate, effectively reducing the risk of tailings dam pollution to surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater.

[0018] 2. The reservoir tailwater discharge and sewage separation system of this scheme uses a reverse slope and sedimentation inclined pipes installed inside the discharge shaft to allow floodwater to undergo sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation inclined pipes before entering the discharge shaft. This allows tailings in the floodwater to settle naturally in the sedimentation inclined pipes, thereby retaining the tailings in the reservoir and reducing the amount of tailings discharged with the floodwater. At the same time, the holes opened on the sedimentation inclined pipes can discharge the settled tailings in a timely manner to avoid blockage and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0019] 3. The stormwater and wastewater separation system on the dam surface of this scheme adopts a multi-layer structure consisting of a barrier layer and a drainage layer, thereby forming an isolation and water diversion channel on the dam surface. The barrier layer can effectively block the direct contact between rainwater and tailings, reduce the polluted runoff formed after rainwater leaches tailings, and achieve centralized collection and discharge of clean rainwater through the ditch. The drainage layer can further reduce the proportion of rainwater infiltration, thereby reducing the contact between rainwater and tailings on the dam surface.

[0020] 4. The rainwater and sewage separation system, by setting up a reverse filter layer and a diversion layer, and in conjunction with horizontal and vertical drainage pipes, can efficiently collect rainwater that comes into contact with tailings inside the dam and divert it to the collection pond, thus preventing leachate from mixing with the rainwater in the ditch and further reducing the risk of pollutant overflow.

[0021] 5. This solution, through the synergistic effect of the three major systems, takes into account both the flood discharge requirements of the tailings dam and achieves source control and zoned treatment of pollutants. It has low construction cost, simple operation and maintenance, and strong applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer through the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts in all the drawings. The drawings are not intentionally drawn to scale to actual dimensions; the focus is on illustrating the main points of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the existing upstream tailings dam with combined sewer overflow.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the reservoir tail floodwater and sewage separation system in this scheme.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the dam surface.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a top view of the dam surface.

[0027] Among them, 1. Flood discharge shaft, 2. Base, 3. Reverse slope, 4. Sedimentation inclined pipe, 5. Support, 6. Hole, 7. Barrier layer, 8. Drainage layer, 9. Horse path ditch, 10. Drainage pipe, 11. Filter layer, 12. Guide layer, 13. External drainage horizontal pipe, 14. Hanger, 15. Inspection channel, 16. External drainage longitudinal pipe, 17. Movable bend, 18. Accumulation dam surface, 19. Collection pool, 20. Tailings dam. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0030] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the upstream tailings dam stormwater and wastewater separation system of this scheme includes: a tailings flood discharge stormwater and wastewater separation system, which is set on one side of the flood discharge shaft 1, used to settle tailings in the flood into the tailings dam 20 before entering the flood discharge shaft 1; a stormwater and wastewater separation system on the dam surface 18, which is set on the dam surface 18 of the tailings dam 20, used to isolate rainwater and tailings and to guide rainwater out; and a seepage stormwater and wastewater separation system, used to guide rainwater in contact with tailings to the collection pond 19.

[0033] The reservoir tail flood discharge and sewage separation system of this scheme includes a base 2 set on one side of the flood discharge shaft 1. The base 2 is provided with a reverse slope 3 made of tailings piled up and compacted. The reverse slope 3 is opposite to the slope of the reservoir tail. Several sedimentation inclined tubes 4 are arranged horizontally above the reverse slope 3. The sedimentation inclined tubes 4 are fixedly connected to the base 2 through the bracket 5. One end of the sedimentation inclined tubes 4 is located at the slope foot of the reverse slope 3, and the other end of the sedimentation inclined tubes 4 is located at the flood discharge outlet of the flood discharge shaft 1. Several holes 6 are opened on the sedimentation inclined tubes 4 for discharging the settled tailings inside the sedimentation inclined tubes 4.

[0034] Specifically, the formula for calculating the slope length of the reverse slope 3 is as follows:

[0035] in, L The slope length; H The elevation difference between the flood discharge outlet of the flood discharge shaft 1 and the nearby tailings is expressed in meters (m). v The velocity of rainwater runoff within the reservoir is expressed in m / s. μ This refers to the fluid dynamic viscosity, with units of Pa·s. This refers to the density of tailings, expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; The density of water at a given temperature is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; d The maximum particle density in the tailings; v s The settling velocity of the tailings particles; This is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0036] The inclination angle of the sedimentation inclined tube 4 is 30 degrees, the radial dimension of the sedimentation inclined tube 4 is 150 mm, the diameter of the hole 6 is 50 mm, and the opening rate of the hole 6 is 5%-10%; a 0.5 m gap space is provided between the reverse slope 3 and the sedimentation inclined tube 4 to allow bottom floodwater to enter.

[0037] The reservoir tailwater discharge and sewage separation system of this scheme uses a reverse slope 3 and a sedimentation inclined pipe 4 installed inside the discharge shaft 1. This allows the floodwater to be treated by sedimentation in the sedimentation inclined pipe 4 before entering the discharge shaft 1, so that the tailings in the floodwater will settle naturally in the sedimentation inclined pipe 4, thereby retaining the tailings in the reservoir and reducing the tailings discharged with the floodwater. At the same time, the holes 6 opened on the sedimentation inclined pipe 4 can discharge the settled tailings in time to avoid blockage and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0038] The rainwater and sewage separation system of the dam surface 18 in this scheme includes, from the outside to the inside, a barrier layer 7, a drainage layer 8, and a ditch 9 set at the toe of the dam surface 18 for drainage. The barrier layer 7 includes, from the outside to the inside, topsoil and ecological bags. The topsoil is 100mm thick and is used for ecological restoration of the dam surface. The ecological bags are L×B×H=400mm×800mm×100mm in size, which can ensure that 90% of rainwater does not come into contact with tailings and is directly discharged into the ditch 9 through the surface of the ecological bags, thus achieving rainwater and sewage separation. The drainage layer 8 is a three-dimensional composite drainage net made of high-density polyethylene with a core thickness of 5-8mm.

[0039] The stormwater and wastewater separation system on the dam face 18 of this scheme adopts a multi-layer structure consisting of a barrier layer 7 and a drainage layer 8, thereby forming an isolation and water diversion channel on the dam face. The barrier layer 7 can effectively block the direct contact between rainwater and tailings, reduce the polluted runoff formed after rainwater leaches tailings, and achieve centralized collection and discharge of clean rainwater through the ditch 9. The drainage layer 8 can further reduce the proportion of rainwater infiltration, thereby reducing the contact between rainwater and tailings on the dam face 18.

[0040] The upstream tailings dam 20 rainwater and sewage separation system of this scheme also includes several drainage pipes 10 pre-buried inside the tailings dam 20. Several through holes are opened on the drainage pipes 10, and a filter layer is wrapped on the drainage pipes 10. The drainage pipes 10 are inclined and their lower ends are connected to the ditch 9, so that the leachate inside the tailings dam 20 can be filtered through the drainage pipes 10 and discharged outside.

[0041] The drainage and sewage separation system of this scheme includes a leachate collection layer set at the junction of the toe of the tailings dam and the ditch 9. The leachate collection layer is connected to the external drainage pipe, and the rainwater in contact with the tailings is collected into the collection pond 19 through the external drainage pipe.

[0042] Specifically, a right-angled trapezoidal diversion ditch with a cross-sectional dimension of H=500mm, upper bottom L1=300mm, and lower bottom L2=500mm can be excavated at the contact point between the toe of the tailings dam and the ditch 9 to prevent rainwater after tailings leaching from flowing into the ditch 9. The leachate collection layer includes a reverse filter layer 11 near the tailings and a diversion layer 12 near the ditch 9. The reverse filter layer 11 is filled with silica with a particle size of 2-3mm, and the sides and bottom of the reverse filter layer 11 are covered with 300g / m³ of silica. 2 The geotextile is used, and the diversion layer 12 is filled with waste rock with a particle size of 20-30mm.

[0043] The external drainage pipe includes a horizontal drainage pipe 13 that connects to the leachate collection layer. The horizontal drainage pipe 13 is set with a 2% longitudinal slope from right to left so that the outflowing leachate flows from right to left by gravity. The horizontal drainage pipe 13 is suspended in the ditch 9 by a hanger 14 to avoid affecting the flood discharge function of the ditch 9. Several inspection channels 15 are set at intervals on the horizontal drainage pipe 13 to facilitate dredging after tailings blockage of the horizontal drainage pipe 13 during the drainage process. The horizontal drainage pipes 13 in two adjacent ditches 9 are connected by a vertical drainage pipe 16. The horizontal drainage pipe 13 is set in the herringbone ditch of the dam face 18. The horizontal drainage pipe 13 and the vertical drainage pipe 16 are connected by a detachable movable bend 17, which has the functions of being detachable and leak-proof, and is convenient for siltation inspection and maintenance.

[0044] The rainwater and sewage separation system of this scheme, by setting up a reverse filter layer 11 and a guide layer 12, and cooperating with the horizontal drainage pipe 10 and the vertical drainage pipe 10, can efficiently collect rainwater that comes into contact with tailings inside the dam body and guide it into the collection pond 19, so as to avoid leachate from mixing into the rainwater in the ditch 9 and further reduce the risk of pollutant overflow.

[0045] In summary, this solution constructs a comprehensive rainwater and sewage separation system covering the tail of tailings dam 20, the dam surface 18, and the interior of the dam through the tailwater discharge and sewage separation system, the dam surface 18 rainwater and sewage separation system, and the seepage and sewage separation system. This achieves the separation, flow, and treatment of tailings-containing rainwater, dam surface runoff, and dam body leachate, effectively reducing the pollution risk of tailings dam 20 to the surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater.

[0046] Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent; various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims are still within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. An upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system, characterized in that, include: The tailings drainage system is located on one side of the drainage shaft and is used to settle tailings in the floodwater into the tailings pond before they enter the drainage shaft. The tailings dam surface rainwater and sewage separation system is installed on the tailings dam surface to isolate rainwater and tailings and to divert and discharge rainwater. The rainwater and sewage separation system is used to divert rainwater that comes into contact with tailings to a collection tank.

2. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reservoir tail flood discharge and sewage separation system includes a base set on one side of the flood discharge shaft. The base is provided with a reverse slope made of tailings piled up and compacted. The reverse slope is opposite to the slope of the reservoir tail. Several sedimentation inclined tubes are arranged horizontally above the reverse slope and are fixedly connected to the base by a bracket. A gap space is provided between the reverse slope and the sedimentation inclined tubes to allow bottom floodwater to enter. One end of the sedimentation inclined tubes is located at the toe of the reverse slope and the other end of the sedimentation inclined tubes is located at the flood discharge outlet of the flood discharge shaft. Several holes are opened on the sedimentation inclined tubes for discharging the settled tailings inside the sedimentation inclined tubes.

3. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the reverse slope length is: in, L The slope length; H The elevation difference between the flood discharge outlet of the flood drainage shaft and the nearby tailings; v The velocity of rainwater runoff within the reservoir; μ For fluid dynamic viscosity; The density of tailings; The density of water at a given temperature; d This represents the maximum particle density in the tailings. v s The settling velocity of the tailings particles; This is the acceleration due to gravity.

4. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inclined angle of the precipitation tube is 30 degrees, the radial dimension of the precipitation tube is 150 mm, the diameter of the hole is 50 mm, and the porosity of the hole is 5%-10%.

5. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stormwater and sewage separation system on the dam surface includes, from the outside to the inside, a barrier layer, a drainage layer, and a ditch set at the toe of the dam surface for drainage.

6. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The barrier layer consists of topsoil and an ecological bag from the outside to the inside, and the drainage layer is a three-dimensional composite drainage net made of high-density polyethylene with a core thickness of 5-8 mm.

7. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes several drainage pipes pre-embedded inside the tailings dam. The drainage pipes have several through holes and are wrapped with a filter layer. The drainage pipes are inclined and their lower ends are connected to the ditch.

8. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage and sewage separation system includes a leachate collection layer located at the junction of the dam slope and the ditch. The leachate collection layer is connected to the external drainage pipe, and rainwater in contact with tailings is collected into a collection pond through the external drainage pipe.

9. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The leachate collection layer includes a reverse filter layer near the tailings and a diversion layer near the ditch. The reverse filter layer is filled with silica with a particle size of 2-3 mm, and the sides and bottom of the reverse filter layer are covered with geotextile. The diversion layer is filled with waste rock with a particle size of 20-30 mm.

10. The upstream tailings dam rainwater and sewage separation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The external drainage pipe includes a horizontal drainage pipe that connects to the leachate collection layer. The horizontal drainage pipe is suspended in the ditch by a hanger. Several inspection channels for dredging are provided at intervals on the horizontal drainage pipe. Two adjacent horizontal drainage pipes in the ditch are connected by a vertical drainage pipe, and the horizontal drainage pipe and the vertical drainage pipe are connected by a detachable movable bend.

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