Tunnel supporting template device for civil engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel supporting formwork device for civil engineering. The tunnel supporting formwork device for civil engineering comprises a base, a supporting arm, a supporting formwork, an angle adjusting assembly, a clutch structure and a locking mechanism. The supporting arm is arranged on the base, and the length of the supporting arm is adjustable; the supporting arm comprises a driving assembly and a telescopic mechanism in transmission connection with the driving assembly. The supporting formwork is arranged at the far end of the supporting arm and used for being attached to the inner wall of the tunnel. The angle adjusting assembly is connected with the supporting template and the supporting arm and used for adjusting the angle of the supporting template relative to the supporting arm. The clutch mechanism is arranged between the driving assembly and the telescopic mechanism and used for separating transmission connection of the telescopic mechanism and the driving assembly after the supporting formwork makes contact with the inner wall of the tunnel and bears preset counter-acting force. The locking mechanism is in linkage with the clutch mechanism to lock the angle of the angle adjusting assembly. The problems that a traditional tunnel supporting formwork cannot be flexibly matched with different tunnels, and the attaching effect with the inner walls of the tunnels is poor are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of civil engineering technology, and in particular to tunnel support formwork devices for civil engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, formwork support is a crucial piece of equipment for ensuring the formation of the lining structure and construction safety. Existing tunnel formwork support systems, especially multi-arm support trolleys, have several problems in application. First, their adaptability is poor; a single set of formwork often only fits tunnels of specific sizes and shapes, making it difficult to effectively conform when the tunnel profile changes or irregular rock surfaces exist. Second, the adjustment process is complex, typically requiring operators to independently or in conjunction with multiple support arms, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and makes it difficult to ensure uniform stress on all support points. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering is provided to solve the problems of inflexibility in adapting to different tunnels and poor fit.

[0004] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering, comprising:

[0005] Base;

[0006] A support arm is mounted on the base, and the length of the support arm is adjustable; the support arm includes a drive assembly and a telescopic mechanism that is pulsatorically connected to the drive assembly.

[0007] A support template is provided at the distal end of the support arm for fitting against the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0008] An angle adjustment component, connecting the support template and the support arm, is used to adjust the angle of the support template relative to the support arm;

[0009] A clutch mechanism is provided between the drive assembly and the telescopic mechanism, and is used to separate the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive assembly after the support template contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and is subjected to a preset reaction force.

[0010] A locking mechanism, linked to the clutch mechanism, is used to lock the angle of the angle adjustment component when the clutch mechanism disengages from the transmission connection.

[0011] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a drive motor and a drive shaft that is drively connected to the drive motor;

[0012] The telescopic mechanism includes a rotating screw that is driven by the drive shaft and a lifting rod that is threadedly engaged with the rotating screw. The distal end of the lifting rod is connected to the angle adjustment assembly.

[0013] In one embodiment, a driving bevel gear is provided on the drive shaft, and a driven bevel gear that meshes with the driving bevel gear is provided on the rotating screw, so as to transmit the rotational power of the drive shaft to the rotating screw.

[0014] In one embodiment, the clutch mechanism is disposed in a rotating block between the driven bevel gear and the rotating screw, and the rotating block is sleeved and fixed on the rotating screw and located in a mounting seat disposed on the base;

[0015] The clutch mechanism includes:

[0016] A rotating disk is movably connected within the rotating block;

[0017] An adjusting component is disposed between the inner wall of the rotating block and the rotating disk; the adjusting component includes a ratchet block fixed to the inner wall of the rotating block, ratchet teeth hinged to the rotating disk, a fixing block fixed to the rotating disk, and a first spring 2514 connecting the ratchet teeth and the fixing block, wherein the ratchet block and the ratchet teeth are engaged in a one-way meshing cooperation;

[0018] An adjusting rod passes through the mounting base and cooperates with the rotating disk;

[0019] A follower is mounted on the adjusting rod. The follower includes an arc-shaped follower block fixed on the adjusting rod, a V-shaped block movably connected to the adjusting rod, and a second elastic element 2623 connecting the arc-shaped follower block and the V-shaped block. The V-shaped block engages with a thrust groove on the rotating disk. When the supporting template contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and receives a preset reaction force, the V-shaped block is squeezed and compresses the second elastic element 2623 and retracts into the adjusting rod, disengaging from the thrust groove. This disengages the rotating disk from the adjusting rod, releases the synchronous transmission, and achieves the transmission separation of the telescopic mechanism and the drive assembly.

[0020] In one embodiment, the angle adjustment component includes:

[0021] A connecting seat is fixedly connected to the distal end of the lifting rod;

[0022] The connector is fixedly connected to the support template;

[0023] A rotating shaft is used to rotatably connect the connector head and the connector seat, thereby adjusting the angle of the support template.

[0024] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the connector is provided with a brake groove, and a brake ball adapted to the brake groove is movably disposed in the wall of the lifting rod.

[0025] The locking mechanism includes:

[0026] A rotating cylinder is movably disposed inside the lifting rod; the rotating cylinder is movably sleeved on the upper end of the adjusting rod, and the rotating cylinder and the adjusting rod are circumferentially linked and axially movable; the adjusting rod is provided with a pushing block, and the inner wall of the rotating cylinder is provided with a follower groove that slides with the pushing block;

[0027] An adjusting block is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder;

[0028] When the clutch mechanism achieves transmission separation, the adjusting rod rotates synchronously and drives the rotating cylinder to rotate through the cooperation of the pushing block and the follower groove. The adjusting block rotates with the rotating cylinder and squeezes the brake ball, so that the brake ball is partially embedded in the brake groove, locking the relative rotation angle between the connecting seat and the connecting head, thereby locking the angle of the support template.

[0029] In one embodiment, when the V-shaped block is compressed and contracted by the reaction force, it simultaneously pushes the arc-shaped follower block to drive the adjusting rod to rotate around its own axis. The pushing block slides along the follower groove and applies a rotational driving force to the rotating cylinder, so that the rotating cylinder completes its rotation and compresses the brake ball through the adjusting block, thereby realizing the linkage between the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism.

[0030] In one embodiment, the number of support arms is multiple and they are evenly distributed along the circumference of the base to support the tunnel from multiple directions;

[0031] The telescopic mechanisms of the multiple support arms are driven in conjunction with the same drive motor.

[0032] In one embodiment, the tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering further includes:

[0033] A stabilizing mechanism, disposed on the base, is used to contact the ground to stabilize the base;

[0034] A movable component is disposed at the lower end of the base and is used to drive the base to move.

[0035] In one embodiment, the stabilizing mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder disposed on the base and a support plate driven by the hydraulic cylinder, the support plate being used to contact the ground after the base is moved into place to increase the support area;

[0036] The moving component includes a moving wheel disposed at the lower end of the base.

[0037] According to an embodiment of this application, a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering includes an adjustable-length support arm on a base. Its drive component drives a telescopic mechanism to adjust the position of the support formwork, adapting to tunnels of different sizes. An angle adjustment component adjusts the angle of the support formwork to match the curvature of the tunnel wall, improving the problem of insufficient fit in traditional formwork. When the support formwork touches the wall and is subjected to a preset reaction force, a clutch mechanism cuts off the transmission between the telescopic mechanism and the drive component, stopping the support arm adjustment and preventing excessive pushing, thus improving fit accuracy. A locking mechanism is linked to the clutch mechanism, locking the angle of the support formwork when the transmission is disengaged, preventing displacement during construction and maintaining stable fit. The device solves the problems of poor adaptability and unsatisfactory fit of traditional formwork through the coordinated actions of size and angle adjustment, automatic stopping upon wall contact, and instant angle locking upon fit. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a partial sectional view of a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the mounting cylinder in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating block in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rotating block in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the adjusting rod in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cylinder in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the top of the rotating cylinder in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment component in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the stabilizing mechanism in a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure label:

[0049] 1. Base; 2. Support arm; 21. Drive bevel gear; 22. Drive shaft; 23. L-shaped fixing plate; 24. Drive motor; 25. Rotating block; 251. Adjusting component; 252. Rotating disk; 2511. Ratchet block; 2512. Ratchet tooth; 2513. Fixing block; 2514. First spring; 26. Mounting cylinder; 261. Adjusting rod; 2611. Pushing block; 262. Follower component; 2621. Arc-shaped follower block; 2622. V-block; 2623. 27. Second spring; 28. Support template; 29. ​​Angle adjustment assembly; 20. External thread II; 21. Rotating shaft; 22. Fastening nut; 23. Connecting seat; 24. Connecting head; 25. Brake groove; 26. Lifting rod; 27. Rotating cylinder; 28. Push block; 29. ​​Brake ball; 20. Rotating screw; 21. Driven bevel gear; 212. Bolt I; 213. External thread I; 214. Limiting protrusion; 215. Strip groove;

[0050] 3. Casters;

[0051] 4. Mounting bracket;

[0052] 5. Stabilizing mechanism; 51. Hydraulic cylinder; 52. Baffle; 53. Limiting rod; 54. Support plate; 55. Two bolts; 56. Piston rod. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0055] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0058] It should be noted that if a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. If a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0059] See Figure 1 and Figure 2At least one embodiment of this application provides a tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering includes a base 1, a support arm 2, a support template 27, an angle adjustment component 28, a clutch structure, and a locking mechanism. The support arm 2 is disposed on the base 1, and the length of the support arm 2 is adjustable. The support arm 2 includes a drive component and a telescopic mechanism that is driven by the drive component. The support template 27 is disposed at the far end of the support arm 2 and is used to fit against the inner wall of the tunnel. The angle adjustment component 28 connects the support template 27 and the support arm 2 and is used to adjust the angle of the support template 27 relative to the support arm 2. The clutch mechanism is disposed between the drive component and the telescopic mechanism and is used to separate the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive component after the support template 27 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and is subjected to a preset reaction force. The locking mechanism is linked with the clutch mechanism and is used to lock the angle of the angle adjustment component 28 when the clutch mechanism separates the transmission connection.

[0060] The support arm 2 is mounted on the base 1, and its length is adjustable. The support arm 2 includes a drive assembly and a telescopic mechanism connected to the drive assembly. The drive assembly drives the telescopic mechanism to change the overall extension length of the support arm 2, thereby adjusting the spatial position of the support template 27 to adapt to tunnels of different heights and widths. An angle adjustment assembly 28 connects the support template 27 and the support arm 2, adjusting the angle of the support template 27 relative to the support arm 2. This allows the support template 27 to match different curvatures and inclinations of the tunnel wall, ensuring the contact surface of the support template 27 fits as closely as possible to the tunnel wall, thus improving the problem of traditional templates being unable to match diverse tunnel contours due to their fixed position and angle. A clutch mechanism is located between the drive assembly and the telescopic mechanism. When the support template 27 contacts the tunnel wall and receives a preset reaction force, the clutch mechanism disengages the telescopic mechanism from the drive assembly, stopping the telescopic mechanism from adjusting the length of the support arm 2. This allows the length adjustment of the support arm 2 to stop promptly based on the actual contact state between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall, preventing the support template 27 from excessively pushing against the tunnel wall while ensuring precise contact. The locking mechanism is linked to the clutch mechanism; while the clutch mechanism disengages the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive component, the locking mechanism locks the angle adjustment component 28. After the support template 27 is in contact with the tunnel wall, its angle is locked in time, preventing displacement due to vibration or external force during construction. This ensures a stable fit between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall, improving upon the problem of angle displacement and subsequent failure of the fit that often occurs with traditional templates after fitting.

[0061] The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering provided in this application embodiment achieves adaptation to different tunnels through dual adjustment of the length of the support arm 2 and the angle of the support formwork 27. The clutch mechanism allows the length adjustment of the support arm 2 to stop in time according to the actual contact situation of the support formwork 27, achieving precise fit with the inner wall of the tunnel. Furthermore, through the linkage of the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism, the angle of the support formwork 27 after fitting is kept stable, solving the problem that the traditional tunnel support formwork 27 cannot flexibly adapt to different tunnels and has poor fit with the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0062] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the drive assembly includes a drive motor 24 and a drive shaft 22 connected to the drive motor 24; the telescopic mechanism includes a rotating screw 210 connected to the drive shaft 22 and a lifting rod 29 threadedly engaged with the rotating screw 210. The upper end surface of the rotating screw 210 is provided with an external thread 213, and the lifting rod 29 forms a threaded engagement with the rotating screw 210 through the external thread 213. The distal end of the lifting rod 29 is connected to the angle adjustment assembly 28. A limiting protrusion 214 is fixed to the side of the lifting rod 29, and a strip-shaped groove 215 adapted to the limiting protrusion 214 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 26. The limiting protrusion 214 can slide vertically along the strip-shaped groove 215.

[0063] Specifically, a mounting base 4 is fixedly installed on the base 1, and an L-shaped fixing plate 23 is fixed to the side of the mounting base 4. The drive motor 24 is fixed to the upper end of the L-shaped fixing plate 23, and the transmission shaft 22 is located inside the mounting base 4. The output end of the drive motor 24 is connected to the transmission shaft 22. The L-shaped fixing plate 23 provides a stable mounting foundation for the drive motor 24. A mounting cylinder 26 is also provided at the upper end of the mounting base 4. The mounting cylinder 26 is sleeved on the outer surface of the lifting rod 29, and the mounting cylinder 26 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 4 by bolt 212. The mounting cylinder 26 provides external protection and limits the movement of the lifting rod 29. The drive motor 24 serves as the power source for adjusting the length of the support arm 2. When it is working, the rotational power output by the drive motor 24 is directly transmitted to the transmission shaft 22 connected to it. The transmission shaft 22 rotates synchronously with the output end of the drive motor 24, thereby transmitting the rotational power to the rotating screw 210 connected to it, driving the rotating screw 210 to rotate synchronously. The rotating screw 210, through its external thread 213, engages with the lifting rod 29, converting its rotational motion into linear lifting motion. This linear lifting motion of the lifting rod 29 drives the angle adjustment component 28 connected to its distal end to move synchronously, thereby adjusting the vertical spatial position of the support template 27 on the angle adjustment component 28. During the lifting process, the limiting protrusion 214 on the side of the lifting rod 29 slides synchronously along the strip groove 215 on the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 26. This engagement structure not only improves the stability of the vertical lifting of the lifting rod 29, preventing it from shifting or wobbling, but also restricts its synchronous rotation with the rotating screw 210, ensuring that the rotational power of the rotating screw 210 is completely converted into linear lifting motion of the lifting rod 29, thus guaranteeing the transmission efficiency of the threaded engagement.

[0064] The drive motor 24 is fixed to the side of the mounting base 4 by an L-shaped fixing plate 23, which effectively prevents the vibration generated by the drive motor 24 during operation from causing the installation position to shift, ensuring that the power transmission between the drive motor 24 and the transmission shaft 22 is always smooth and reducing power loss during transmission. The transmission shaft 22 is set inside the mounting base 4, which can prevent external structures from interfering with the rotation of the transmission shaft 22 and make the transmission of rotational power more stable. The mounting sleeve 26 is sleeved on the outside of the lifting rod 29, which can reduce the contact friction between the lifting rod 29 and the external structure during the movement, and can also initially limit the movement direction of the lifting rod 29, preventing the lifting rod 29 from deviating excessively.

[0065] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, a drive bevel gear 21 is provided on the drive shaft 22, and a driven bevel gear 211 that meshes with the drive bevel gear 21 is provided on the rotating screw 210, so as to transmit the rotational power of the drive shaft 22 to the rotating screw 210.

[0066] In some embodiments, the drive shaft 22 is equipped with a driving bevel gear 21, and the driven bevel gear 211 is equipped at the lower end of the rotating screw 210. The two gears mesh to form a stable power transmission structure, thereby transmitting the rotational power of the drive shaft 22 to the rotating screw 210. The meshing of the bevel gears can change the direction of rotational power transmission. The drive shaft 22 transmits rotational power in the horizontal direction. After the meshing of the driving bevel gear 21 and the driven bevel gear 211, the direction of rotational power transmission changes to the vertical direction, causing the rotating screw 210 to rotate synchronously with the rotation of the drive shaft 22, so that the rotating screw 210 can continuously obtain stable rotational power.

[0067] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, there are multiple support arms 2, which are evenly distributed around the base 1 to support the tunnel from multiple directions; the telescopic mechanisms of the multiple support arms 2 are driven by the same drive motor 24.

[0068] Specifically, the driving bevel gear 21 can simultaneously mesh with multiple sets of driven bevel gears 211. The rotational power output by a single drive motor 24 is transmitted to the driving bevel gear 21 via the transmission shaft 22, and then simultaneously transmitted to multiple sets of driven bevel gears 211 through meshing. This synchronously drives multiple sets of rotating screws 210 to rotate, enabling the simultaneous operation of the telescopic mechanisms of multiple support arms 2. There is no need to configure a separate drive component for each support arm 2, significantly reducing the number of power components used and lowering the overall manufacturing and operating costs of the equipment. Simultaneously, multiple support arms 2 can be adjusted in length synchronously, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of each support arm 2 individually. This saves on manual adjustment workload, improves the overall efficiency of the position adjustment of the support template 27, and makes the position adjustments of multiple support templates 27 more synchronized, better adapting to the overall support construction needs of the tunnel.

[0069] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the clutch mechanism is disposed in the rotating block 25 between the driven bevel gear 211 and the rotating screw 210. The rotating block 25 is sleeved and fixed on the rotating screw 210 and located in the mounting seat 4 disposed on the base 1.

[0070] Specifically, a mounting base 4 is provided at the upper end of the base 1, and the rotating block 25 is located inside the mounting base 4. Its relative position to the driven bevel gear 211 is at the lower end of the rotating screw 210, where they are connected. The driven bevel gear 211 is mounted on the lower end of the rotating screw 210, and the transmission connection between the two is enclosed inside the rotating block 25. The clutch mechanism is thus integrated into the rotating block 25. The rotating block 25 is sleeved and fixed on the rotating screw 210 and can rotate synchronously with the rotation of the rotating screw 210, achieving precise control of the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive component, and matching the triggering of the clutch action with the transmission state of the rotating screw 210. The mounting base 4 has a rotating groove inside that matches the rotating block 25. The rotating block 25 rotates within this groove. The mounting base 4 provides circumferential limiting and radial support for the rotating block 25 through the rotating groove, preventing the rotating block 25 from shifting or wobbling during rotation with the rotating screw 210. This ensures that the rotating block 25 is always in the preset working position, thereby maintaining a precise fit between the various components of the clutch mechanism and preventing the clutch mechanism from failing due to the offset of the rotating block 25.

[0071] With the above configuration, the clutch mechanism is placed within the rotating block 25 between the driven bevel gear 211 and the rotating screw 210. This allows the clutch mechanism to directly act on the core transmission link between the drive assembly and the telescopic mechanism. The rotational power transmitted from the driven bevel gear 211 to the rotating screw 210 passes through the clutch mechanism inside the rotating block 25, shortening the transmission response path of the clutch mechanism. This allows the clutch mechanism to quickly disconnect the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive assembly upon triggering, improving the response efficiency of the clutch action and ensuring that the telescopic mechanism can stop its movement promptly after the support template 27 contacts the tunnel inner wall. Simultaneously, the rotating block 25 encloses the transmission connection between the driven bevel gear 211 and the rotating screw 210, along with the clutch mechanism, effectively reducing the entry of dust, sand, and other impurities from the tunnel construction environment into the clutch mechanism. It also prevents impurities from corroding the transmission connection between the driven bevel gear 211 and the rotating screw 210, reducing the probability of wear on internal components and the transmission structure, and extending the service life of the clutch mechanism and the overall transmission structure.

[0072] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7In some embodiments, the clutch mechanism includes a rotating disk 252, an adjusting member 251, an adjusting rod 261, and a follower member 262. The rotating disk 252 is movably connected within the rotating block 25. The adjusting member 251 is disposed between the inner wall of the rotating block 25 and the rotating disk 252. The adjusting member 251 includes a ratchet block 2511 fixed to the inner wall of the rotating block 25, ratchet teeth 2512 hinged to the rotating disk 252, a fixing block 2513 fixed to the rotating disk 252, and a first spring 2514 connecting the ratchet teeth 2512 and the fixing block 2513. The ratchet block 2511 and the ratchet teeth 2512 are engaged in a one-way meshing manner. The adjusting rod 261 passes through the mounting base 4 and engages with the rotating disk 252. Follower 262 is mounted on adjusting rod 261. Follower 262 includes an arc-shaped follower block 2621 fixed on adjusting rod 261, a V-shaped block 2622 movably connected on adjusting rod 261, and a second elastic element 2623 connecting arc-shaped follower block 2621 and V-shaped block 2622. V-shaped block 2622 engages with thrust groove on rotating disk 252. When the support template 27 contacts the tunnel inner wall and is subjected to a preset reaction force, V-shaped block 2622 is squeezed and compresses the second elastic element 2623 and retracts into adjusting rod 261, disengaging from thrust groove. This disengages rotating disk 252 from adjusting rod 261, releases synchronous transmission, and achieves transmission separation between telescopic mechanism and drive assembly.

[0073] Specifically, the first spring 2514 provides elastic support for the ratchet tooth 2512, ensuring that the ratchet tooth 2512 always remains in contact with the ratchet block 2511, guaranteeing the stability of their unidirectional meshing engagement. With the ratchet block 2511 and ratchet tooth 2512 maintaining a unidirectional meshing engagement, the ratchet block 2511 can only drive the ratchet tooth 2512 to rotate synchronously in a single rotational direction. The second spring 2623 provides elastic restoring force for the V-block 2622, ensuring that the V-block 2622 remains engaged with the thrust groove on the rotating disk 252 without external pressure. The engagement of the V-block 2622 with the thrust groove on the rotating disk 252 allows the rotational power of the rotating disk 252 to be stably transmitted to the adjusting rod 261, causing the adjusting rod 261 to rotate synchronously with the rotating disk 252, ensuring the continuity of transmission between the rotating disk 252 and the adjusting rod 261. When the support template 27 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and is subjected to a preset reaction force, the reaction force will be gradually transmitted along the support arm 2 to the V-block 2622 on the adjusting rod 261. After being squeezed, the V-block 2622 will move into the interior of the adjusting rod 261. During the movement, the second elastic element 2623 will be compressed simultaneously until the V-block 2622 is completely retracted into the interior of the adjusting rod 261. At this time, the V-block 2622 and the thrust groove on the rotating disk 252 are disengaged. The rotational power of the rotating disk 252 can no longer be transmitted to the adjusting rod 261. The synchronous transmission state between the rotating disk 252 and the adjusting rod 261 is released, thereby realizing the transmission separation between the telescopic mechanism and the drive component. The telescopic mechanism will no longer drive the support arm 2 to adjust its length.

[0074] The clutch action is triggered by the reaction force generated by the contact between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall, eliminating the need for manual operation. This allows the length adjustment of the support arm 2 to automatically stop based on the actual contact situation, preventing structural damage caused by excessive pushing of the support template 27 against the tunnel wall and ensuring precise contact and fit between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall. The one-way meshing of the ratchet block 2511 and ratchet teeth 2512 allows the device to smoothly retract the support arm 2 using reverse rotational force when it needs to be retracted, without affecting the reset operation of the support arm 2 due to the one-way meshing structure. The direct engagement and disengagement response of the V-block 2622 and the thrust groove enables rapid connection and disengagement of the transmission between the rotating disk 252 and the adjusting rod 261, ensuring the efficiency of the clutch mechanism and allowing the telescopic mechanism to stop or resume operation promptly, adapting to the actual operational needs of tunnel construction. After the external force disappears, the elastic restoring force of the second spring 2623 can push the V-block 2622 out of the adjusting rod 261, re-engage with the thrust groove, and restore the transmission state.

[0075] See Figure 9In some embodiments, the angle adjustment component 28 includes a connecting seat 284, a connecting head 285, and a rotating shaft 282. The connecting seat 284 is fixedly connected to the far end of the lifting rod 29; the connecting head 285 is fixedly connected to the support template 27; the connecting head 285 and the connecting seat 284 are rotatably connected through the rotating shaft 282 to adjust the angle of the support template 27.

[0076] Specifically, when the support template 27 is rotated around the axis of the rotating shaft 282, the support template 27 will drive the connector 285 to rotate synchronously, and the relative angle between the connector 285 and the connector 284 will also change accordingly, thereby realizing the angle adjustment of the support template 27 relative to the support arm 2. One end surface of the rotating shaft 282 is provided with an external thread 281, and a fastening nut 283 is threadedly connected to the external thread 281. After the support template 27 is adjusted to a suitable angle, tightening the fastening nut 283 will form an axial clamping force on the connector 285, restricting the relative rotation between the connector 285 and the connector 284, thus fixing the angle of the support template 27 and keeping the adjusted angle stable. The connector 285 has a U-shaped plate structure, forming a nested rotational fit with the connector 284. This fit makes the rotation process of both more stable, without jamming or offset, and also makes the force on the connection part more even.

[0077] With the above-described configuration, the angle adjustment of the support template 27 is simple and convenient, requiring no complex disassembly or assembly steps. Angle adaptation can be achieved simply by rotating the support template 27, significantly improving adjustment efficiency during construction. The fixed connection between the connecting seat 284 and the lifting rod 29 effectively prevents the angle adjustment component 28 from becoming loose during the lifting and lowering of the support arm 2 and support operations, ensuring the support template 27 remains stable after both position and angle adjustments. Simultaneously, the adjustable angle of the support template 27 allows it to match tunnel walls of different curvatures and inclinations, effectively increasing the contact area between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall. This improves upon the insufficient fit caused by fixed angles in traditional templates, allowing the support template 27 to fit more tightly against the tunnel wall and enhancing its support effect on the tunnel.

[0078] See Figure 8In some embodiments, the inner sidewall of the connector 285 is provided with a brake groove 2851, and a brake ball 292 adapted to the brake groove 2851 is movably disposed in the rod wall of the lifting rod 29. The locking mechanism includes a rotating cylinder 291 and an adjusting block. The rotating cylinder 291 is movably disposed inside the lifting rod 29. The rotating cylinder 291 is movably sleeved on the upper end of the adjusting rod 261. The rotating cylinder 291 and the adjusting rod 261 are circumferentially linked and axially movable. The adjusting rod 261 is provided with a pushing block 2911. The inner wall of the rotating cylinder 291 is provided with a follower groove that slides with the pushing block 2911. The adjusting block is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 291. When the clutch mechanism achieves transmission separation, the adjusting rod 261 rotates synchronously and drives the rotating cylinder 291 to rotate through the cooperation of the pushing block 2911 and the follower groove. The adjusting block rotates with the rotating cylinder 291 and squeezes the brake ball 292, so that the brake ball 292 is partially embedded in the brake groove 2851, locking the relative rotation angle of the connecting seat 284 and the connecting head 285 to lock the angle of the support template 27.

[0079] Specifically, the size of the brake ball 292 matches the brake groove 2851, allowing it to partially embed into the brake groove 2851 when subjected to external pressure. This compatibility provides a structural basis for subsequent angle locking. The rotating cylinder 291 and the adjusting rod 261 maintain a circumferential linkage and axial movement relationship. This relationship allows the adjusting rod 261 to transmit rotational power to the rotating cylinder 291, and the axial movement of the adjusting rod 261 is not restricted by the rotating cylinder 291, thus not affecting the lifting and lowering action of the telescopic mechanism. The pushing block 2911 can slide smoothly within the follower groove, establishing a transmission path for the adjusting rod 261 to transmit rotational power to the rotating cylinder 291. The adjusting block is located on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 291, and its position corresponds to the brake ball 292 within the lifting rod 291 wall, enabling effective compression of the brake ball 292 when the rotating cylinder 291 rotates.

[0080] When the clutch mechanism disengages, the adjusting rod 261 rotates synchronously around its own axis. During the rotation of the adjusting rod 261, the pushing block 2911 on it slides along the follower groove on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 291. The sliding engagement between the pushing block 2911 and the follower groove transmits the rotational power of the adjusting rod 261 to the rotating cylinder 291, causing the rotating cylinder 291 to rotate synchronously with the adjusting rod 261. When the rotating cylinder 291 rotates, the adjusting block on its outer wall rotates together with the rotating cylinder 291. During the rotation, the adjusting block exerts a continuous squeezing force on the brake ball 292 inside the lifting rod 29. After being squeezed, the brake ball 292 moves outward from the lifting rod 29 and eventually partially embeds into the brake groove 2851 of the connector 285. After the brake ball 292 is embedded in the brake groove 2851, it will create a rigid restriction on the relative rotation between the connecting seat 284 and the connecting head 285, preventing them from changing their relative angle. This locks the relative rotation angle between the connecting seat 284 and the connecting head 285. The support template 27 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 285. After the angle of the connecting head 285 is fixed, the angle of the support template 27 is also locked.

[0081] Through the above settings, the clutch mechanism and locking mechanism work together to automatically lock the angle, eliminating the need for manual fixing. The angle of the support template 27 is locked simultaneously with the clutch mechanism disengaging from the tunnel wall, improving the convenience of construction operations. The matching of the brake ball 292 and the brake groove 2851 ensures the angle-locking structure has excellent stability, effectively resisting vibrations and external impacts during construction, preventing the angle of the support template 27 from shifting, and maintaining the continuous fit between the support template 27 and the tunnel wall, thus ensuring the effectiveness of tunnel support.

[0082] In some embodiments, when the V-shaped block 2622 is compressed and contracted by the reaction force, it simultaneously pushes the arc-shaped follower block 2621 to drive the adjusting rod 261 to rotate around its own axis, pushes the block 2911 to slide along the follower groove and applies a rotational driving force to the rotating cylinder 291, so that the rotating cylinder 291 completes rotation and compresses the brake ball 292 through the adjusting block, thereby realizing the linkage between the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism.

[0083] Specifically, when the V-shaped block 2622 is compressed and contracted by the reaction force transmitted by the supporting template 27, the force generated by the compression will directly act on the arc-shaped follower block 2621. The arc-shaped follower block 2621 is fixed on the adjusting rod 261. This force will push the arc-shaped follower block 2621 to move synchronously, thereby driving the adjusting rod 261 to rotate around its own axis. The adjusting rod 261 is provided with a pusher block 2911. The inner wall of the rotating cylinder 291 is provided with a follower groove that matches the pusher block 2911. During the rotation of the adjusting rod 261 around its own axis, the pusher block 2911 on it will slide along the groove direction of the follower groove. When sliding, the pusher block 2911 will form a continuous force on the groove wall of the follower groove. This force is the rotational driving force applied to the rotating cylinder 291, causing the rotating cylinder 291 to follow the adjusting rod 261 to complete the rotational movement synchronously. The adjusting block is set on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 291, and the position of the adjusting block corresponds to the brake ball 292 inside the lifting rod 29. When the rotating cylinder 291 rotates, it will drive the adjusting block on its outer wall to rotate synchronously. During the rotation, the adjusting block comes into contact with the brake ball 292 and forms a continuous squeezing force, thereby realizing the squeezing of the brake ball 292 by the adjusting block. Through such mechanical structure cooperation, the linkage between the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism is completed.

[0084] The force generated by the contraction of the V-block 2622 is converted into the rotational power of the adjusting rod 261 through the arc-shaped follower block 2621. This rotational power is then transmitted to the rotating cylinder 291 through the sliding engagement of the push block 2911 and the follower groove. Finally, the force is converted into a squeezing force on the brake ball 292 through the adjusting block on the rotating cylinder 291. The entire process transforms the linear squeezing action of the clutch mechanism into a rotational action, and then into a squeezing action on the brake ball 292, achieving mechanical linkage between the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism. This ensures precise synchronization between the transmission disengagement action of the clutch mechanism and the angle locking action of the locking mechanism. Simultaneously, when the supporting template 27 contacts the tunnel inner wall and the clutch mechanism disconnects the transmission connection, the locking mechanism can simultaneously trigger the squeezing of the brake ball 292, thereby locking the angle of the supporting template 27.

[0085] See Figure 10 In some embodiments, the tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering also includes a stabilizing mechanism 5, which is disposed on the base 1 and is used to contact the ground to stabilize the base 1.

[0086] Specifically, in some embodiments, the stabilizing mechanism 5 includes a hydraulic cylinder 51 mounted on the base 1 and a support plate 54 driven by the hydraulic cylinder 51. The support plate 54 is used to contact the ground after the base 1 is moved into place, thereby increasing the support area. A piston rod 56 is provided at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 51. The lower end of the piston rod 56 is fixedly connected to the support plate 54 by bolts 55. This connection method allows the assembly of the piston rod 56 and the support plate 54 to be detachable, and the support plate 54 can be inspected and replaced according to usage requirements.

[0087] The lower surface of the support plate 54 is provided with anti-slip texture. The support plate 54 is used to contact the ground after the base 1 is moved into place, thereby increasing the support area. The hydraulic cylinder 51 provides power for the lifting and lowering of the support plate 54. During operation, it drives the piston rod 56 to make linear extension and retraction movements. The extension and retraction of the piston rod 56 simultaneously drives the support plate 54 to rise and fall vertically. After the base 1 moves to the designated construction position in the tunnel, the hydraulic cylinder 51 drives the piston rod 56 to extend, pushing the support plate 54 down to make close contact with the ground. The contact between the support plate 54 and the ground directly increases the contact area between the base 1 and the ground, making the support force of the base 1 more distributed, which can effectively prevent the base 1 from sinking due to excessive local pressure during construction. The anti-slip texture at the lower end of the support plate 54 can increase the friction between the support plate 54 and the ground, reduce the possibility of relative sliding between the support plate 54 and the ground, and further improve the stability of the base 1.

[0088] If the tunnel surface is slippery, the hydraulic cylinder 51 can be controlled to continue to extend the piston rod 56, pushing the support plate 54 to continue to descend until the moving wheel 3 at the lower end of the base 1 is completely separated from the ground. At this time, the entire weight of the base 1 is borne by the support plate 54, completely avoiding the problem of the moving wheel 3 slipping due to the slippery ground, making the placement of the base 1 more stable. The upper side of the support plate 54 is also provided with a limiting rod 53 that is slidably connected to the base 1. A baffle 52 is provided at the upper end of the limiting rod 53. When the support plate 54 rises and falls in the vertical direction, it will drive the limiting rod 53 to slide relative to the base 1. The limiting rod 53 can limit the rising and falling direction of the support plate 54, preventing the support plate 54 from deviating or shaking during the rising and falling process, ensuring that the support plate 54 is always in a preset position perpendicular to the ground, making the contact between the support plate 54 and the ground more closely. The baffle 52 can prevent the limiting rod 53 from disengaging from the base 1 during the sliding process, ensuring the stability of the limiting structure.

[0089] In some embodiments, the tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering further includes a moving component disposed at the lower end of the base 1 for moving the base 1. Specifically, the moving component includes moving wheels 3 disposed at the lower end of the base 1.

[0090] The movable wheels 3 are specifically arranged at the lower corner of the base 1. This corner distribution ensures more even support for the base 1, allowing it to maintain balance during movement and preventing tipping due to a shift in center of gravity. The movable wheels 3 provide rolling support for the overall movement of the base 1, converting the sliding friction between the base 1 and the ground into rolling friction. This significantly reduces the frictional force experienced by the base 1 during movement, allowing workers to directly push the base 1 to its new position without the need for large handling equipment. This enables the device to easily switch between different construction positions within the tunnel, improving its mobility and ease of operation during tunnel construction. Once the base 1 reaches the designated construction position, the support plate 54 of the stabilizing mechanism 5 descends to contact the ground, gradually distributing the weight of the base 1 until the movable wheels 3 completely separate from the ground. At this point, the movable wheels 3 no longer support the base 1, ensuring its stability during construction and achieving a balance between mobility and stability.

[0091] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0092] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering, characterized in that, The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering includes: Base (1); A support arm (2) is provided on the base (1), and the length of the support arm (2) is adjustable; the support arm (2) includes a drive assembly and a telescopic mechanism that is pulsatorically connected to the drive assembly; A support template (27) is provided at the far end of the support arm (2) for fitting against the inner wall of the tunnel; An angle adjustment component (28) connects the support template (27) and the support arm (2) and is used to adjust the angle of the support template (27) relative to the support arm (2); A clutch mechanism is provided between the drive assembly and the telescopic mechanism, and is used to separate the transmission connection between the telescopic mechanism and the drive assembly after the support template (27) contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and is subjected to a preset reaction force; The locking mechanism, which is linked to the clutch mechanism, is used to lock the angle of the angle adjustment component (28) when the clutch mechanism is disengaged from the transmission connection.

2. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a drive motor (24) and a drive shaft (22) that is drive-connected to the drive motor (24); The telescopic mechanism includes a rotating screw (210) that is connected to the drive shaft (22) and a lifting rod (29) that is threadedly engaged with the rotating screw (210). The distal end of the lifting rod (29) is connected to the angle adjustment assembly (28).

3. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive shaft (22) is provided with a drive bevel gear (21), and the rotating screw (210) is provided with a driven bevel gear (211) that meshes with the drive bevel gear (21) to transmit the rotational power of the drive shaft (22) to the rotating screw (210).

4. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clutch mechanism is disposed in the rotating block (25) between the driven bevel gear (211) and the rotating screw (210). The rotating block (25) is sleeved and fixed on the rotating screw (210) and located in the mounting seat (4) disposed on the base (1). The clutch mechanism includes: A rotating disk (252) is movably connected within the rotating block (25); An adjusting member (251) is disposed between the inner wall of the rotating block (25) and the rotating disk (252); the adjusting member (251) includes a ratchet block (2511) fixed to the inner wall of the rotating block (25), ratchet teeth (2512) hinged to the rotating disk (252), a fixing block (2513) fixed to the rotating disk (252), and a first spring (2514) connecting the ratchet teeth (2512) and the fixing block (2513), wherein the ratchet block (2511) and the ratchet teeth (2512) are engaged in a one-way meshing cooperation; An adjusting rod (261) is inserted through the mounting base (4) and cooperates with the rotating disk (252); A follower (262) is disposed on the adjusting rod (261). The follower (262) includes an arc-shaped follower block (2621) fixed on the adjusting rod (261), a V-shaped block (2622) movably connected to the adjusting rod (261), and a second elastic element (2623) connecting the arc-shaped follower block (2621) and the V-shaped block (2622). The V-shaped block (2622) engages with the thrust groove on the rotating disk (252). When the support template (27) contacts the inner wall of the tunnel and is subjected to a preset reaction force, the V-shaped block (2622) is squeezed and compressed to compress the second elastic element (2623) and retracts into the adjusting rod (261), disengaging from the thrust groove. This disengages the rotating disk (252) from the adjusting rod (261), releases the synchronous transmission, and realizes the transmission separation of the telescopic mechanism and the drive assembly.

5. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle adjustment component (28) includes: The connecting seat (284) is fixedly connected to the far end of the lifting rod (29); The connector (285) is fixedly connected to the support template (27); The pivot (282) allows the connector (285) and the connector (284) to be rotatably connected to adjust the angle of the support template (27).

6. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the connector (285) is provided with a brake groove (2851), and a brake ball (292) adapted to the brake groove (2851) is movably arranged in the rod wall of the lifting rod (29). The locking mechanism includes: A rotating cylinder (291) is movably disposed inside the lifting rod (29); the rotating cylinder (291) is movably sleeved on the upper end of the adjusting rod (261); the rotating cylinder (291) and the adjusting rod (261) are circumferentially linked and axially movable; the adjusting rod (261) is provided with a pushing block (2911); the inner wall of the rotating cylinder (291) is provided with a follower groove that slides with the pushing block (2911); An adjusting block is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder (291); When the clutch mechanism achieves transmission separation, the adjusting rod (261) rotates synchronously and drives the rotating cylinder (291) to rotate through the cooperation of the pushing block (2911) and the follower groove. The adjusting block rotates with the rotating cylinder (291) and squeezes the brake ball (292), so that the brake ball (292) is partially embedded in the brake groove (2851), locking the relative rotation angle between the connecting seat (284) and the connecting head (285) to lock the angle of the support template (27).

7. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the V-shaped block (2622) is compressed and contracted by the reaction force, it simultaneously pushes the arc-shaped follower block (2621) to drive the adjusting rod (261) to rotate around its own axis. The pushing block (2911) slides along the follower groove and applies a rotational driving force to the rotating cylinder (291), so that the rotating cylinder (291) completes rotation and squeezes the brake ball (292) through the adjusting block, thereby realizing the linkage between the clutch mechanism and the locking mechanism.

8. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the support arms (2) is multiple and they are evenly distributed along the circumference of the base (1) to support the tunnel from multiple directions; The telescopic mechanisms of the multiple support arms (2) are driven in conjunction with the same drive motor (24).

9. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering also includes: A stabilizing mechanism (5) is disposed on the base (1) and is used to contact the ground to stabilize the base (1); A movable component is disposed at the lower end of the base (1) and is used to drive the base (1) to move.

10. The tunnel support formwork device for civil engineering according to claim 9, characterized in that, The stabilizing mechanism (5) includes a hydraulic cylinder (51) disposed on the base (1) and a support plate (54) driven by the hydraulic cylinder (51). The support plate (54) is used to contact the ground after the base (1) is moved into place to increase the support area. The moving component includes a moving wheel (3) disposed at the lower end of the base (1).

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