Pulverized coal vertical preheater collector

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking coal injection, and provides a vertical pulverized coal preheater collector. The screening assembly, the upper confluence disc, the speed reduction disc and the lower confluence disc are sequentially installed in the main shell from top to bottom and communicate with one another; the screening assembly comprises two screens which are oppositely arranged up and down, and a driving mechanism for driving the two screens to move oppositely or oppositely; the upper confluence disc comprises a conical barrel and a first driving assembly for driving the conical barrel to rotate; the speed reduction disc comprises a center disc, a center flow guide cone arranged on the center disc and extending upwards, and a plurality of flow guide conical holes annularly and evenly distributed in the center disc along the center flow guide cone. The lower confluence disc comprises a fixed conical barrel and at least one inner deformation sleeve annularly and uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the lower confluence disc; the inner deformation sleeve piece comprises a flexible sleeve and an adjusting mechanism for driving the flexible sleeve to deform. The device can solve the problems that the pulverized coal is easy to block, unstable in flowing and non-uniform in distribution during collection; meanwhile, regulation and control are flexible, and it can be ensured that pulverized coal is stably collected and injected at a constant speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulverized coal injection technology in blast furnace ironmaking, and specifically to a pulverized coal vertical preheater collector. Background Technology

[0002] In blast furnace ironmaking, preheating pulverized coal before injection into the furnace is an effective way to improve combustion efficiency and reduce energy consumption. A vertical pulverized coal preheater is a key piece of equipment for preheating pulverized coal, typically consisting of multiple vertically arranged preheating tubes. After being heated by the preheating tubes, the pulverized coal needs to be collected and stably transported to the main injection pipe before being injected into the blast furnace.

[0003] In existing technologies, pulverized coal falling from multiple preheating tubes is typically collected in a simple conical funnel or straight cylinder. This method has significant drawbacks: First, the simultaneous falling of multiple pulverized coal streams easily leads to collisions and accumulation at the collection point, resulting in poor flow or even blockage, affecting the continuity of production; second, the unstable and uneven distribution of pulverized coal flow makes it difficult to achieve uniform and stable injection, thus affecting the uniformity and efficiency of pulverized coal combustion in the blast furnace, which is detrimental to the smooth operation of the blast furnace and energy conservation; third, the simple collection structure cannot effectively guide and evenly distribute the pulverized coal flow, which may lead to localized overheating or insufficient preheating of the pulverized coal in the preheater, affecting the overall preheating effect.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a collection device that can effectively prevent blockage, ensure stable and uniform coal powder collection and transportation, and promote uniform distribution of coal powder in the preheater, so as to improve the overall performance of the vertical coal powder preheating system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a vertical coal powder preheater collector to solve the problems of easy clogging, unstable flow, and uneven distribution during coal powder collection; at the same time, it meets the requirements of flexible control, ensuring stable and uniform coal powder collection and injection.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a coal powder vertical preheater collector, comprising a main shell and a screening assembly, an upper manifold, a speed reducer, and a lower manifold installed sequentially and communicating with it from top to bottom; the screening assembly includes two screens arranged opposite each other, and a driving mechanism for driving the two screens to move relative to each other or towards each other; the upper manifold includes a conical cylinder and a first driving assembly for driving its rotation; the speed reducer includes a central disk, a central guide cone disposed on the central disk and extending upward, and a plurality of guide cone holes evenly distributed in a ring along the central guide cone on the central disk; the lower manifold includes a fixed conical cylinder and at least one inner deformation kit evenly distributed in a ring on its inner sidewall; the inner deformation kit includes a flexible sleeve and an adjustment mechanism for driving its deformation.

[0007] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes an adjusting cylinder, a moving sleeve, an eccentric motor, and a connecting spring; the adjusting cylinder is connected to one of the screens to adjust the screen spacing; the moving sleeve is positioned on both sides of the screen for limiting movement; the connecting spring is located on the bottom plate of the moving sleeve; the eccentric motor abuts against the moving sleeve to provide vibration force. In practical applications, the purpose of this design is to adjust the screen spacing and simultaneously achieve the effect of vibratory sieving. This allows large, clump-like materials in the coal powder to be sieved and dispersed through vibration.

[0008] Furthermore, the first drive assembly includes a drive motor, gears, and a gear ring fixed to the conical cylinder. The drive motor is driven through the meshing of the gears and the gear ring. In practical applications, the purpose of this design is to achieve the rotation of the conical cylinder, thereby further supporting the guidance of the pulverized coal and concentrating it during its descent.

[0009] Furthermore, the diameter of the guide cone hole is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom; the deceleration disc also has multiple annular guide grooves evenly distributed on the outer edge of the central disc. This design ensures accurate descent and reasonable flow distribution.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjusting mechanism includes a hinge shaft and a built-in electric cylinder; one end of the built-in electric cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder, and the other end is connected to the hinge shaft; one end of the hinge shaft is hinged to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the other end abuts against the flexible sleeve; the built-in electric cylinder extends and retracts to drive the hinge shaft to swing, thereby causing the flexible sleeve to deform. In practical applications, this design aims to achieve both flow guidance and a contraction-extrusion mechanism, greatly facilitating the descent of pulverized coal.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a control unit, which is signal-connected to the drive mechanism, the first drive component, and the adjustment mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the control unit is configured to receive a feed rate or screening load signal, and accordingly synchronously adjust the rotational speed of the first drive component and the actuation amount of the adjustment mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the control unit is configured to: increase the rotational speed of the conical cylinder and control the internal deformation assembly to move in the direction of increasing the flow cross-section when the feed rate or load signal increases; and perform the opposite adjustment when the signal decreases.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a distribution sensor located at the outlet of the lower manifold; the control unit is connected to the distribution sensor and is configured to: adjust the rotation speed of the first drive component in a closed loop according to the distribution uniformity information fed back by the sensor.

[0015] Furthermore, the control unit has multiple sets of control parameters pre-stored to match different material characteristics; the control unit is also configured to: receive material characteristic selection signals and call the corresponding parameter sets to set the vibration parameters of the drive mechanism, the reference speed of the first drive component, and the reference action amount of the adjustment mechanism.

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the pulverized coal vertical preheater collector provided by the present invention are as follows: Through multi-stage processing including screening, rotational confluence, deceleration and diversion, and adjustable cross-section confluence, a smooth transition of pulverized coal from multiple pipes to a single pipe output is achieved, effectively preventing pulverized coal collapse and blockage, and ensuring the continuity and stability of pulverized coal flow.

[0017] The various functional components work together to effectively guide, divide, and distribute the pulverized coal flow, which not only makes the outlet pulverized coal flow uniform and stable, but also promotes the uniform distribution and heat exchange of pulverized coal in the overall space of the vertical preheater, thereby improving the preheating effect.

[0018] The system incorporates actively adjustable components (such as adjustable screen spacing, rotating conical cylinder, and deformable inner components) and can be centrally and intelligently controlled by a control unit. This allows the collector to flexibly adapt to different feeding conditions, coal powder characteristics, and process requirements, resulting in a high degree of automation and rapid adjustment response. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a pulverized coal vertical preheater collector provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the first screen shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at point A is shown below; Figure label: Main housing 1, bracket 101, fixed base 102, screening assembly 2, first screen 21, second screen 22, drive mechanism 200, adjusting cylinder 23, moving sleeve 24, eccentric motor 25, connecting spring 26, upper confluence plate 3, conical cylinder 31, first drive assembly 300, drive motor 32, gear 33, gear ring 34, reduction disc 4, center plate 41, center guide cone 42, guide cone hole 43, outer edge guide groove 44, lower confluence plate 5, fixed conical cylinder 51, inner deformation kit 500, flexible sleeve 52, adjusting mechanism 600, hinge shaft 53, built-in electric cylinder 54, control unit 6, distribution sensor 7. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figures 1 to 3 As shown: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a coal powder vertical preheater collector, which is installed at the top or middle of the vertical preheater to smoothly collect coal powder flows from multiple upper conveying branches and output them to the downstream injection device.

[0023] In this embodiment, the collector includes a main housing 1. The main housing 1 is typically a cylindrical structure, with an inlet flange at the top that connects to multiple pulverized coal input branch pipes, and an outlet flange at the bottom for connecting to downstream pipes. Inside the main housing 1, from top to bottom, a screening assembly 2, an upper manifold 3, a deceleration disc 4, and a lower manifold 5 are coaxially mounted, and the components are interconnected to form a continuous flow channel for pulverized coal.

[0024] The screening component 2 is used to initially disperse and screen the incoming coal powder to prevent caking and blockage downstream. It includes a first screen 21, a second screen 22, and a drive mechanism 200. The first screen 21 and the second screen 22 are arranged parallel to each other vertically. The drive mechanism 200 includes an adjusting cylinder 23, a moving sleeve 24, an eccentric motor 25, and a connecting spring 26. Specifically, the first screen 21 is fixed to the inner wall of the main housing 1 by a bracket 101. The second screen 22 is connected to the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 23. The adjusting cylinder 23 (which can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod) is fixed to the main housing 1. The extension and retraction of its piston rod drives the second screen 22 to move relative to the first screen 21, thereby adjusting the distance between the two screens. Moving sleeves 24 are provided on the upper and lower sides of each pair of screens. The moving sleeves 24 slide on the screens and guide and limit the movement of the screens. The connecting spring 26 is provided between the base plate of the movable sleeve 24 and the fixed seat 102 on the inner wall of the main housing 1. The eccentric motor 25 is mounted on the main housing 1, and the eccentric block on its output shaft maintains contact or a small gap with the side wall of the movable sleeve 24. During operation, the eccentric motor 25 generates excitation force, which is transmitted to the screen through the movable sleeve 24 and the connecting spring 26, causing the screen to vibrate at high frequency and small amplitude, thus realizing the vibrating screening function. By adjusting the screen spacing through the adjusting cylinder 23, and in combination with vibration, large clumps of coal powder can be effectively broken up and screened out, ensuring that the coal powder enters the next stage in a loose state.

[0025] The upper confluence plate 3 is installed below the screening assembly 2, and includes a conical cylinder 31 and a first drive assembly 300 for rotating it. The large end of the conical cylinder 31 faces upward and the small end faces downward, and its outer wall is rotatably supported on an annular seat on the inner wall of the main housing 1 by bearings. The first drive assembly 300 includes a drive motor 32, a gear 33, and a gear ring 34. The gear ring 34 is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the conical cylinder 31. The drive motor 32 is fixedly installed outside the main housing 1, and its output shaft extends into the main housing 1 and is fitted with the gear 33, which meshes with the gear ring 34. When the drive motor 32 operates, it drives the conical cylinder 31 to rotate around its axis through the meshing transmission of the gear 33 and the gear ring 34. The rotating inner wall of the conical cylinder 31 generates a tangential guiding force on the falling coal powder, causing the coal powder to swirl as it flows downward, thereby converging towards the center and preventing the coal powder from accumulating on the conical surface, thus achieving initial convergence and stable guidance.

[0026] The deceleration disc 4 is installed directly below the small end of the conical cylinder 31 of the upper confluence disc 3. The deceleration disc 4 includes a circular central disc 41, a central guide cone 42 located at the center of the upper surface of the central disc 41 and extending upward, and multiple guide cone holes 43. The central guide cone 42 is used to impact and initially divert the coal powder flow that falls from the small end of the conical cylinder 31. The multiple guide cone holes 43 are evenly distributed in a ring around the root of the central guide cone 42 on the central disc 41. The diameter of each guide cone hole 43 is conical, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which facilitates the smooth passage of coal powder and plays a certain deceleration role. In addition, multiple vertical or slightly inclined outer edge guide grooves 44 are evenly distributed in a ring on the outer edge surface (i.e., the circumferential side surface) of the central disc 41. The coal powder falling from the annular gap between the conical cylinder 31 and the inner wall of the main shell 1, as well as the coal powder flowing outward from the upper surface of the central disk 41, can be guided to the area below the deceleration disk 4 through these outer edge guide grooves 44, thereby realizing secondary diversion and speed control of the coal powder flow and ensuring more uniform coal powder distribution.

[0027] The lower manifold 5 is installed below the reduction gear 4. It includes a fixed conical cylinder 51 and at least one annularly distributed inner deformation kit 500 on the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder 51. The large end of the fixed conical cylinder 51 faces upward and is fixedly connected to the main housing 1, while the small end faces downward and is connected to the outlet flange. The inner deformation kit 500 includes a flexible sleeve 52 and an adjustment mechanism 600 for driving its deformation. The flexible sleeve 52 is made of a wear-resistant, temperature-resistant, and elastic material (such as special rubber, silicone, or metal bellows), and is fitted and fixed within a mounting frame on the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder 51. The adjustment mechanism 600 includes a hinge shaft 53 and a built-in electric cylinder 54. One end of the built-in electric cylinder 54 (which can be a miniature electric cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder) is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder 51 by a bracket 101. One end of the hinge shaft 53 is hinged to a support on the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder 51, and the middle part or the other end is hinged to the piston rod end of the built-in electric cylinder 54. The rod body of the hinge shaft 53 abuts against the inner surface of the flexible sleeve 52. When the built-in electric cylinder 54 extends or retracts, it drives the hinge shaft 53 to swing around its hinge point, thereby pushing or releasing the flexible sleeve 52 from the inside, causing local convex or concave deformation, thus changing the cross-sectional shape and size of the flow channel at that point. By controlling the action of multiple internal deformation kits 500, the shape of the outlet cross-section of the lower manifold 5 and the distribution state of the pulverized coal flow can be dynamically adjusted to achieve final refined flow equalization and stable output.

[0028] To achieve intelligent control, this concentrator also includes a control unit 6. The control unit 6 can be a PLC, DCS, or a dedicated controller, which is connected to the drive mechanism 200 (specifically, the adjustable cylinder 23 and the eccentric motor 25), the first drive assembly 300 (specifically, the drive motor 32), and each adjustment mechanism 600 (specifically, each built-in electric cylinder 54) via signal lines to control their start / stop, speed, stroke, and other parameters.

[0029] In a preferred control scheme, the control unit 6 is configured to receive a feed rate signal from the upstream feeding equipment or the system master control, or a screening load signal based on the feedback of the screen vibration load. The control unit 6 synchronously adjusts the rotational speed of the drive motor 32 and the actuation of each built-in electric cylinder 54 according to the increase or decrease of this signal. Specifically, when the feed rate or load signal increases, the control unit 6 increases the rotational speed of the drive motor 32, causing the conical cylinder 31 to rotate faster and enhance the confluence capacity; simultaneously, it controls the actuation of each built-in electric cylinder 54 to deform the flexible sleeve 52 in the direction of increasing the flow cross-section (e.g., causing the hinge shaft 53 to retract, reducing the compression on the flexible sleeve 52), thereby reducing flow resistance and accommodating a larger flow rate. When the signal decreases, the opposite adjustment is performed, i.e., the rotational speed of the conical cylinder 31 is reduced, and the flexible sleeve 52 is controlled to deform in the direction of decreasing the flow cross-section, in order to maintain the compactness and speed of the pulverized coal flow.

[0030] In another preferred control scheme, a distribution sensor 7, such as a pulverized coal concentration distribution detector based on optical or capacitive principles, is also installed at the outlet of the lower manifold 5. The distribution sensor 7 is signal-connected to the control unit 6. The control unit 6 is configured to perform closed-loop regulation of the rotational speed of the drive motor 32 based on the pulverized coal flow distribution uniformity information fed back by the distribution sensor 7 at the outlet cross-section. For example, if the pulverized coal flow is detected to be biased to one side, the initial swirling intensity of the pulverized coal is changed by finely adjusting the rotational speed of the conical cylinder 31, thereby correcting the distribution deviation in subsequent processes.

[0031] To further enhance adaptability, the internal memory of the control unit 6 pre-stores multiple sets of control parameters that match the characteristics of different pulverized coal materials (such as particle size distribution, moisture content, viscosity, etc.). Each set of parameters includes the optimized vibration frequency and amplitude of the drive mechanism 200 (the combination of the stroke of the adjustable cylinder 23 and the speed of the eccentric motor 25), the reference speed of the drive motor 32, and the reference stroke position of each built-in electric cylinder 54 for that type of material. The control unit 6 is also configured to receive material characteristic selection signals from manual input or upstream systems and automatically call the corresponding parameter sets to set the initial operating parameters of the aforementioned components, realizing a "one-click switching" process mode.

[0032] Working Principle: Powdered coal enters the main housing 1 through multiple inlets and first passes through the screening component 2. Vibrating and adjustable-gap screens break up and screen the clumps, allowing loose coal powder to fall. The coal powder falls onto the rotating conical cylinder 31, where it converges and falls towards the center under the action of centrifugal force and gravity. The converged coal powder flow impacts the central guide cone 42 of the deceleration disc 4 and is dispersed. Part of it falls through the guide cone hole 43, and the other part falls through the outer guide groove 44, achieving deceleration and diversion. Subsequently, the coal powder enters the lower confluence disc 5, where the final shaping and uniform flow of the coal powder is achieved through the adjustment of the dynamically deformable internal deformation kit 500, thus outputting it from the bottom outlet in a stable and uniform state, effectively preventing blockage, material collapse, and uneven distribution.

[0033] In summary, this embodiment effectively solves the technical problems of easy clogging, unstable flow, and uneven distribution in the coal powder collection process by multi-level collaborative processing of the screening component, upper manifold, deceleration disc, and lower manifold, and introduces intelligent feedback regulation based on the control unit. It achieves smooth transition of coal powder flow, uniform and stable collection and injection, and flexible control with a high degree of automation.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Numerous specific details are set forth in this specification. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector, characterized in that, It includes a main housing and a screening assembly, an upper manifold, a speed reducer, and a lower manifold installed inside it from top to bottom and connected to each other; The screening component includes two screens arranged vertically opposite each other, and a drive mechanism that drives the two screens to move relative to each other or toward each other. The upper manifold includes a conical cylinder and a first drive assembly for driving its rotation; The speed reducer includes a central disk, a central guide cone disposed on the central disk and extending upward, and a plurality of guide cone holes evenly distributed in a ring on the central disk along the central guide cone; The lower manifold includes a fixed conical cylinder and at least one annular internal deformation kit evenly distributed on its inner sidewall. The internal deformation kit includes a flexible sleeve and an adjustment mechanism that drives its deformation.

2. The coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes an adjusting cylinder, a moving sleeve, an eccentric motor, and a connecting spring; the adjusting cylinder is connected to one of the screens to adjust the screen spacing; the moving sleeve is located on both sides of the screen for limiting movement; the connecting spring is located on the bottom plate of the moving sleeve; the eccentric motor abuts against the moving sleeve to provide vibration force.

3. The coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first drive assembly includes a drive motor, gears, and a gear ring fixed on a conical cylinder. The drive motor is driven by meshing with the gear ring.

4. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the guide cone hole is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom; the speed reducer is also provided with multiple annular guide grooves evenly distributed on the outer edge of the central disk.

5. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a hinge shaft and a built-in electric cylinder; one end of the built-in electric cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed conical cylinder, and the other end is connected to the hinge shaft; one end of the hinge shaft is hinged to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the other end abuts against the flexible sleeve; the built-in electric cylinder extends and retracts to drive the hinge shaft to swing, thereby causing the flexible sleeve to deform.

6. A pulverized coal vertical preheater collector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a control unit, which is signal-connected to the drive mechanism, the first drive component and the adjustment mechanism.

7. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to receive a feed rate or screening load signal and accordingly adjust the rotational speed of the first drive component and the actuation amount of the adjustment mechanism.

8. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to: increase the rotational speed of the conical cylinder and control the internal deformation assembly to move in the direction of increasing the flow cross-section when the feed rate or load signal increases; and perform the opposite adjustment when the signal decreases.

9. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a distribution sensor located at the outlet of the lower manifold; the control unit is connected to the distribution sensor and is configured to: adjust the rotation speed of the first drive component in a closed loop according to the distribution uniformity information fed back by the sensor.

10. A coal pulverized vertical preheater collector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit has multiple sets of control parameters pre-stored to match different material characteristics; the control unit is also configured to receive material characteristic selection signals and call the corresponding parameter sets to set the vibration parameters of the drive mechanism, the reference speed of the first drive component, and the reference action amount of the adjustment mechanism.

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