Arrangement method of deep hole step presplitting blast holes

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep hole step presplitting blasting hole arrangement method. The method comprises the steps that the current presplitting blasting step height, the drilling hole diameter, the explosive density, the drilling angle, the loosening blasting unit consumption and the overdrilling depth of a presplitting hole, a buffering hole and a main blasting hole are obtained; calculating according to the parameters to obtain the hole length, single-hole explosive loading amount, hole pitch and filling length of the pre-split holes and the main blasting holes and the row pitch of the main blasting holes; according to the row distance of the main blasting holes, the row distance between the buffer holes and the pre-splitting holes and the row distance between the buffer holes and the main blasting holes are determined; according to the parameters obtained in the first step and the single-hole explosive load of the main blasting hole, the hole length, the hole distance, the single-hole explosive load and the filling length of the buffer hole are obtained through calculation; the range of a reserved platform is determined, and a pre-splitting hole, a buffering hole and a main blasting hole are sequentially formed in the reserved platform according to the parameters; the blasting parameters of the pre-splitting hole, the main blasting hole and the buffering hole are subjected to mathematical association, the design threshold is lowered, and the design process is more standard and simpler and can be rapidly completed through computer software.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, specifically to a method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes. Background Technology

[0002] Pre-splitting blasting refers to the practice of creating a through-crack of a certain width along the designed outline before the main blasting zone during rock excavation. This serves to buffer and reflect the vibration waves from the excavation blast, controlling their destructive impact on the preserved rock mass and resulting in a smoother excavation profile. The effectiveness of this method directly affects the integrity of the preserved rock mass and the smoothness of the excavation surface.

[0003] Currently, existing textbooks and professional books do not provide clear descriptions of pre-splitting blasting. They only provide qualitative analysis and do not provide quantitative descriptions. For example, in describing the relationship between pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes, the requirements are: (1) There is a certain distance between them. This distance is related to the charge diameter of the main blasting hole and the maximum amount of detonating charge in a single section. It can be selected based on relevant empirical values; (2) During pre-splitting blasting, the layout boundary of the pre-splitting holes should exceed the layout boundary of the main blasting holes by 5 to 10 meters; (3) Buffer holes are located between the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes, with 1 to 2 rows. The spacing between buffer holes is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of that between normal main blasting holes. The spacing between buffer holes and pre-splitting holes is 1.5 to 2.5 m. The spacing between buffer holes and main blasting holes is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of that between normal main blasting holes. The charge amount in buffer holes is 35% to 40% of that in normal main blasting holes. Generally, intermediate segmented charging is adopted. (4) When pre-splitting blasting and main blasting are initiated at the same time, the blasting holes of pre-splitting blasting should be initiated before the main blasting, and the lead time should not be less than 75 ms. In actual operation, the selection of these parameters requires in-depth analysis by experienced technicians to obtain relatively suitable values, which to some extent increases the threshold of blasting design.

[0004] Furthermore, in existing technologies, the calculation methods for pre-splitting blasting parameters (mainly linear charge density and hole spacing) are mainly divided into two categories: theoretical formulas and empirical formulas. The theoretical formula for linear charge density is generally as follows:

[0005] In the formula Let Q be the rock compressive strength and Q be the explosive detonation heat; furthermore, some literature indicates that when using the above formula to calculate the linear charge density, the pre-splitting hole spacing a can be calculated using relevant theoretical formulas. In the formula D is the spacing between pre-cracked holes, and D is the diameter of the pre-cracked holes. For rock compressive strength, Let q be the rock compressive strength, μ be the rock's Poisson's ratio, and the pre-splitting hole spacing in this formula is proportional to the borehole diameter. However, the linear charge density and hole spacing described in the above two formulas lack an intermediate value for correlation. Once the rock and explosive are determined, q 线That is, it is a constant value; a is also proportional to D; that is, the linear density is constant, and the larger the aperture, the larger the aperture spacing; the calculation results are exactly the opposite of actual engineering, that is, the above two formulas are actually only applicable to a specific aperture spacing, rather than general formulas.

[0006] The empirical formula for the density of linearly packed explosives is: In the formula, K, α, β, and γ are all coefficients. The Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute assigns the following values ​​to the coefficients: The Gezhouba Engineering Bureau uses the following values ​​for the coefficients: The Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering uses the following values ​​for the coefficients: As can be seen from the above values, the values ​​of coefficients K, α, β, and γ vary from research institution to research institution and there is no clear pattern. That is, the above value examples are only suitable for their corresponding projects and have no universality. The empirical formula for calculating the hole spacing is recorded in the literature as a=(7~12)D, and in other literature as a=(8~12)D. However, the applicable scope of this formula is generally for projects with high requirements for pre-splitting blasting. It is too small for semi-permanent slopes, permanent slopes in open mines, etc. Moreover, this formula has no direct relationship with the linear charge density, and the linear charge density needs to be selected based on experience, so it has little guiding significance for actual projects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a method for arranging pre-splitting blasting holes in deep-hole stepped structures. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes includes:

[0009] S1: Obtain the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, and over-drilling depth of pre-splitting holes, buffer holes, and main blasting holes;

[0010] S2: Based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, and over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes, the blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes are calculated. The blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes include hole length, single-hole charge, hole spacing, and plugging length. The blasting layout parameters of the main blasting holes include hole length, single-hole charge, hole spacing, row spacing, and plugging length.

[0011] S3: Determine the spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, and the spacing between the buffer hole and the main blast hole, based on the spacing of the main blast hole.

[0012] S4: The blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, over-drilling depth of the buffer holes, and single-hole charge of the main blasting holes; the blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes include hole length, hole spacing, single-hole charge, and plugging length.

[0013] S5: Determine the reserved platform width for pre-splitting blasting based on the number of rows of main blasting holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes, buffer holes and main blasting holes sequentially on the reserved platform width according to the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes, main blasting holes and buffer holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes along the final slope eyebrow line.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes in S2 includes:

[0015] The length of the pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting hole.

[0016] The charge decoupling coefficient of the pre-splitting hole is determined, and the linear charge density of the pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the charge decoupling coefficient, the borehole diameter, and the explosive density.

[0017] The charge amount per pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the charge density and hole length of the pre-splitting hole.

[0018] Determine the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption of the pre-splitting holes, and calculate the pre-splitting hole spacing based on the single hole charge / linear charge density of the pre-splitting holes and the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption.

[0019] The filling length of the pre-cracked holes is calculated based on the hole spacing of the pre-cracked holes.

[0020] Furthermore, the method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the main blasting holes in S2 includes:

[0021] The length of the main blasting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the main blasting hole.

[0022] Determine the charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging between main blast holes, and filling coefficient; and calculate the row spacing of the main blast holes based on the hole length, charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging between main blast holes, filling coefficient, current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and loosening blasting unit consumption.

[0023] The hole spacing of the main blast holes is calculated based on the hole density coefficient and the row spacing of the main blast holes.

[0024] The filling length of the main blast holes is determined based on the spacing of the main blast holes, the drilling angle, and the filling coefficient.

[0025] The charge per meter for the main blasting hole is determined based on the borehole diameter and explosive density. The charge per hole for the main blasting hole is determined based on the charge per meter for the main blasting hole, the filling length, the hole length, and the interval length when charging at intervals.

[0026] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the spacing of the main blast holes is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, The spacing between the main blast holes; The length of the main blast hole; The interval length when loading explosives at intervals in main blast holes; The borehole density coefficient for the main blast holes is taken as 1.1~1.6; H is the current pre-splitting blasting step height; For loosening and blasting unit consumption; The charge per meter for the main blast hole; is the drilling angle; K is the filling coefficient, which is 0.7~1.

[0029] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the spacing of the main blast holes is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, The hole spacing of the main blast hole.

[0032] Furthermore, the main blasting holes include a first main blasting hole and a second main blasting hole. The first main blasting hole is located above the lower slope walkway and is not over-drilled. The second main blasting hole is located outside the lower slope walkway and is over-drilled.

[0033] Furthermore, the method for determining the bursting parameters of the buffer hole in S4 includes:

[0034] S41: The length of the buffer hole and the amount of explosive charge per hole are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting bench height, drilling angle, over-drilling depth of the buffer hole, and single-hole charge of the main blasting hole.

[0035] S42: Determine the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole based on the loosening blasting unit consumption, and calculate the hole spacing of the buffer hole based on the single hole charge of the buffer hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the main blasting hole, the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole, and the current pre-splitting blasting step height.

[0036] S43: The filling length of the buffer hole is calculated based on the hole spacing of the buffer hole.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S42, the formula for calculating the hole spacing of the buffer holes is:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, The hole spacing of the buffer holes; H represents the charge amount per hole in the buffer hole; H represents the current pre-splitting blasting step height. The spacing between the buffer holes and the pre-cracked holes; The spacing between the buffer hole and the main blast hole, and the The The spacing between the first main blast holes.

[0040] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the filling length of the buffer hole is:

[0041]

[0042] In the formula, the This is the filling length of the buffer hole.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S5, the formula for calculating the width of the reserved platform for the pre-splitting blasting is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, B is the reserved platform width; n is the number of rows of the first main blasting holes; and y is the number of rows of the second main blasting holes. The spacing between the first main blast holes; The spacing between the second main blast holes;

[0046] When the blasting process uses a single blast, the limit for the pre-splitting holes is:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, This represents the boundary for the pre-splitting holes. The boundary of the main blast hole layout.

[0049] When the blasting process employs multi-stage blasting, the hole layout boundary of the pre-splitting holes during the first blast is:

[0050]

[0051] In the formula, This represents the boundary for the pre-splitting holes. The layout boundaries of the main blast holes; The hole spacing is the distance between the first main blast holes.

[0052] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0053] 1. This invention relies solely on three mature empirical values: borehole density coefficient, main blast hole unit consumption, and main blast hole depth. It can correlate and calculate all main blast hole blasting parameters through equations, significantly reducing the design threshold, making the design process more standardized and simple, and facilitating rapid completion through computer software.

[0054] 2. In the design of the main blast hole, this invention links the charge amount, filling length, and hole spacing, avoiding problems such as mismatch between charge amount and filling and parameter dependence on experience. This reduces the need for redesign and unnecessary use of interval charges, ensuring stable consumption per unit of the main blast hole and high utilization rate of the borehole, thereby improving the stability of the blasting effect and economic benefits. In addition, the inclusion of interval charge parameters in the design of the main blast hole parameters expands the applicability of the method. Moreover, in specific engineering practice, only a few empirical values ​​need to be adjusted to optimize the overall blasting effect, making the parameter adjustment target clearer and the operation simpler.

[0055] 3. In addition, in the design of the main blast hole parameters, the present invention strongly correlates the filling length with the resistance line and the resistance line with the main blast hole spacing, making the filling length more scientific and consistent. This not only ensures the safety of blasting but also improves the utilization rate of the blast holes, thereby improving economic benefits.

[0056] 4. When designing pre-splitting holes, the core parameters such as hole diameter, hole spacing, and charge amount are scientifically mathematically correlated by using the decoupling coefficient, hole density coefficient, and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption. This changes the situation where parameter selection in the traditional method relies on experience, making the design results more in line with engineering practice.

[0057] 5. This invention systematizes the design method of buffer holes and unifies the calculation of buffer hole unit consumption, charge amount and hole spacing. Under the premise of ensuring blasting safety and stable effect, it effectively improves the blasting economy. In addition, this invention also clarifies the design method of buffer hole filling length, thereby ensuring blasting safety.

[0058] 6. In addition, the present invention clarifies the step width required for the arrangement of pre-splitting controlled blasting boreholes, providing a reasonable working face guarantee for the smooth implementation of pre-splitting controlled blasting.

[0059] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charge structure for the pre-splitting hole;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the charge structure for continuous coupled charges in the main blast hole;

[0062] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the charge structure for air gap packing in the main blast hole;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the loading structure for the buffer hole;

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of pre-splitting blast holes during multi-stage blasting;

[0065] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the side arrangement of pre-splitting blast holes. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The following describes specific embodiments and appendices. Figures 1-6 The present invention will be described in further detail, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0067] This invention discloses a method for arranging pre-splitting blasting holes in deep-hole bench blasting. The application scenario of this embodiment is open-pit deep-hole bench blasting mining, where the production platform is supported by a permanent slope.

[0068] The pre-splitting blasting hole includes a pre-splitting hole, a buffer hole, and a main blasting hole. The method for determining the pre-splitting blasting hole specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] S1: Obtain the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, and over-drilling depth of pre-splitting holes, buffer holes, and main blasting holes.

[0070] In this invention, to protect the integrity of the lower slope walkway, pre-splitting holes are generally not over-drilled. If over-drilling is necessary due to actual circumstances, the over-drilling depth is... The value is 0 < ≤0.5m.

[0071] Furthermore, buffer holes are generally not over-drilled. If over-drilling is absolutely necessary due to practical reasons, then the over-drilling depth should be increased accordingly. The value is 0 < ≤0.5m.

[0072] Furthermore, main blast holes located above the ramp on the lower slope are generally not over-drilled to ensure slope stability and better meet the safety management requirements of modern mines. However, main blast holes located outside the ramp on the lower slope require over-drilling, and the over-drilling depth is limited. , where H is the current pre-splitting blasting step height.

[0073] S2: Based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, over-drilling depth of pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes, the blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes are calculated; the blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes include hole length, single hole charge, hole spacing and plugging length; the blasting layout parameters of the main blasting holes include hole length, single hole charge, hole spacing, row spacing and plugging length.

[0074] Furthermore, the method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes includes:

[0075] S21: The length of the pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting hole.

[0076] Specifically, the formula for calculating the length of the pre-cracked hole is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, The length of the pre-cracked hole; H represents the drilling angle; H represents the current pre-splitting blasting step height. The over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting hole, the Take 0 or 0 < depending on the actual situation. ≤0.5m.

[0079] S22: Determine the charge decoupling coefficient of the pre-splitting hole, and calculate the linear charge density of the pre-splitting hole based on the charge decoupling coefficient, borehole diameter, and explosive density.

[0080] Wherein, the pre-cracked hole charging decoupling coefficient A larger value is used when the requirements for slope quality are high, and a smaller value is used when the requirements for slope quality are low.

[0081] Specifically, the formula for calculating the linear charge density of the pre-cracked hole is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, The charge density in the pre-cracked hole; The borehole diameter; This represents the density of the explosive.

[0084] S23: The charge amount per pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the charge density and hole length of the pre-splitting hole.

[0085] The formula for calculating the charge amount per pre-splitting hole is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, This refers to the charge amount per pre-split hole.

[0088] S24: Determine the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption of the pre-splitting holes, and calculate the pre-splitting hole spacing based on the single hole charge / linear charge density of the pre-splitting holes and the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption.

[0089] Among them, the borehole density coefficient of the pre-splitting holes .

[0090] Among them, the pre-splitting blasting unit consumption of the pre-splitting hole .

[0091] Specifically, the formula for calculating the pre-cracked hole spacing is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] In the formula, The spacing between the pre-cracked holes.

[0094] S25: The filling length of the pre-cracked hole is calculated based on the pre-cracked hole spacing.

[0095] Specifically, the formula for calculating the filling length of the pre-cracked hole is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, This refers to the filling length of the pre-cracked hole.

[0098] When loading explosives, an air-gap explosive packing structure is used, and the amount of explosives along the length of the packing section is loaded into the bottom of the pre-splitting hole to reinforce the bottom of the hole. Other loading structures are the same as conventional pre-splitting blasting loading methods. The specific loading structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0099] Furthermore, the method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the main blasting hole includes:

[0100] S2.1: The length of the main blasting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the main blasting hole.

[0101] The formula for calculating the length of the main blast hole is:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, the The length of the main blast hole; The over-drilling depth of the main blast hole; when the main blast hole is not over-drilled. It is 0.

[0104] S2.2: Determine the charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging the main blast holes, and filling coefficient; and calculate the row spacing of the main blast holes based on the hole length, charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging the main blast holes, filling coefficient, current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and loosening blasting unit consumption.

[0105] The following quantitative relationships exist in bench blasting:

[0106]

[0107] By substitution:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, The charge amount per hole for the main blast hole; The hole spacing of the main blast holes; The spacing between the main blast holes; The unit consumption for loosening and blasting.

[0110] The single-hole charge of the main blast hole The calculation formula is:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, The charge per meter for the main blast hole; The interval length for intermittent charging of the main blast hole is generally taken as 10% to 15% of the hole length; when the main blast hole adopts a continuous charging structure, ; The filling length of the main blast hole.

[0113] Specifically, the charge per meter of the main blast hole The calculation formula is:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, This represents the density of the explosive.

[0116] Specifically, the filling length of the main blast hole The calculation formula is:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, The filling coefficient for the main blast hole ranges from 0.7 to 1. Generally, it is 0.7 to 0.8 for vertical holes and 0.9 to 1 for inclined holes. The main blast hole resistance line.

[0119] and

[0120]

[0121] In addition, the borehole density coefficient of the main blast holes In deep-hole bench pre-splitting blasting, generally... .

[0122] Substitute the above parameters into the single-hole charge amount of the main blast hole. From the two calculation formulas, we can obtain:

[0123]

[0124] Solving the equations yields the spacing of the main blast holes.

[0125]

[0126] S2.3: The hole spacing of the main blast holes is calculated based on the hole density coefficient and the row spacing of the main blast holes.

[0127] The formula for calculating the spacing of the main blast holes is:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula, The hole spacing of the main blast hole.

[0130] Furthermore, the main blast holes include a first main blast hole and a second main blast hole. The first main blast hole is located above the lower slope walkway and is not over-drilled. The second main blast hole is located outside the lower slope walkway and is over-drilled. Therefore, when calculating the hole spacing, row spacing, and single-hole charge of the main blast holes, the hole lengths of the over-drilled and non-over-drilled main blast holes need to be substituted into the above-mentioned main blast hole row spacing solution equation to obtain the hole spacing of the non-over-drilled main blast holes. and row spacing And the hole spacing of the main blast holes that underwent over-drilling treatment. and row spacing .

[0131] S2.4: Determine the filling length of the main blast holes based on the spacing of the main blast holes, the drilling angle, and the filling coefficient.

[0132] According to the calculation formula for the filling length of the main blast hole in S2.3

[0133]

[0134] The spacing of the first main blast hole obtained in S2.2 The spacing between the second main blast holes Substituting these values ​​into the filling length calculation formula, we obtain the filling length of the first main blast hole and the filling length of the second main blast hole.

[0135] S2.5: Determine the charge per meter of the main blasting hole based on the borehole diameter and explosive density, and determine the charge per hole of the main blasting hole based on the charge per meter of the main blasting hole, the filling length, the hole length, and the interval length when charging at intervals.

[0136] According to the calculation formula for the single-hole charge amount of the main blast hole in S2.3

[0137]

[0138] The length of the main blast hole obtained in S2.1 The charge per meter for the main blast hole determined in S2.2 The interval length when the main blast hole is filled with explosives Substituting the filling lengths of the first and second main blast holes obtained in S2.4 into the calculation formula for the single-hole charge of the main blast holes, the single-hole charge of the first main blast hole is obtained. Single-hole charge of the second main blast hole .

[0139] When loading explosives, a continuously coupled charging structure with reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole can be used, such as... Figure 2 As shown, depending on the actual needs of the project, an air-gap packing or segmented in-hole charging structure with air-gap packing can also be adopted, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0140] S3: Determine the spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, and the spacing between the buffer hole and the main blast hole, based on the spacing of the main blast hole.

[0141] In deep-hole bench pre-splitting blasting, buffer holes serve two purposes: first, to increase the distance between the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes, preventing damage to the final slope after the main blasting holes are detonated; and second, to break the buffer layer between the main blasting holes and the pre-splitting holes, thus facilitating excavation and transportation.

[0142] When designing the buffer holes, they should be parallel to the pre-splitting holes and arranged in a single row. The row spacing between the buffer holes and the pre-splitting holes should be [missing information]. This makes the row spacing between it and the adjacent main blast hole is ,and .

[0143] This method determines the specific location of the buffer hole, greatly reducing the design threshold for pre-splitting blasting.

[0144] S4: The blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, over-drilling depth of the buffer holes, and single-hole charge of the main blasting holes; the blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes include hole length, hole spacing, single-hole charge, and filling length.

[0145] Specifically, the method for determining the bursting parameters of the buffer hole includes:

[0146] S41: The length of the buffer hole and the amount of explosive charge per hole are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting bench height, drilling angle, over-drilling depth of the buffer hole, and single-hole charge of the main blasting hole.

[0147] Specifically, the formula for calculating the length of the buffer hole is:

[0148]

[0149] In the formula, The length of the buffer hole; H represents the drilling angle; H represents the current pre-splitting blasting step height. For the over-drilling depth of the buffer hole, the Take 0 or 0 < depending on the actual situation. ≤0.5m.

[0150] Specifically, the formula for calculating the charge capacity per buffer hole is as follows:

[0151]

[0152] In the formula, This refers to the amount of explosive charge per hole in the buffer hole.

[0153] S42: Determine the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole based on the loosening blasting unit consumption, and calculate the hole spacing of the buffer hole based on the single hole charge of the buffer hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the main blasting hole, the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole, and the current pre-splitting blasting step height.

[0154] The buffer hole has one more free surface than the main blast hole, but this free surface has a greater clamping effect. Therefore, based on actual engineering conditions, the unit consumption for blasting the buffer hole is... A good blasting effect can be achieved by taking 80% of the main blast hole consumption, which is also the loosening blasting consumption.

[0155]

[0156] Based on the quantitative relationships existing in bench blasting, we can conclude that:

[0157]

[0158] By substitution:

[0159]

[0160] In the formula, The spacing between the buffer holes.

[0161] S43: The filling length of the buffer hole is calculated based on the hole spacing of the buffer hole.

[0162] The formula for calculating the filling length of the buffer hole is:

[0163]

[0164] In the formula, the This is the filling length of the buffer hole.

[0165] When the actual calculation When the calculated value is less than (16~20)D, take When D is smaller, the preceding parameter (referring to 16~20) takes a smaller value; when D is larger, the preceding parameter takes a larger value.

[0166] Specifically, when loading explosives, a continuously coupled charging structure with reverse initiation and air gap filling can meet the blasting effect requirements of various mine slope engineering projects, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0167] S5: Determine the reserved platform width for pre-splitting blasting based on the number of rows of main blasting holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes, buffer holes and main blasting holes sequentially on the reserved platform width according to the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes, main blasting holes and buffer holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes along the final slope eyebrow line.

[0168] Specifically, the formula for calculating the width of the reserved platform for the pre-splitting blasting is as follows:

[0169]

[0170] In the formula, B is the reserved platform width; n is the number of rows of the first main blasting holes; and y is the number of rows of the second main blasting holes. The spacing between the first main blast holes; The spacing between the second main blast holes.

[0171] The number of rows of the first main blast holes is determined by the width of the next-level walkway and the row spacing of the first main blast holes; while the number of rows of the second main blast holes is determined by the workers based on the actual engineering conditions. This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations here.

[0172] Specifically, please see Figures 5-6When arranging the blast holes, first arrange a row of pre-splitting holes along the final slope brow line, then arrange a row of buffer holes, n rows of main blast holes that do not require over-drilling, and y rows of main blast holes that require over-drilling towards the free face according to the designed row spacing. The distance between the pre-splitting holes and the edge of the side slope brow line in the direction of their extension is the hole spacing of the pre-splitting holes; the shortest distance between the buffer holes and the edge of the side slope brow line of the reserved platform is the hole spacing of the buffer holes; the shortest distance between the main blast holes that do not require over-drilling and the edge of the side slope brow line of the reserved platform is the row spacing of the first main blast holes; the shortest distance between the main blast holes that require over-drilling and the edge of the side slope brow line of the reserved platform is the row spacing of the second main blast holes.

[0173] Furthermore, when setting the hole layout boundary, the blasting length of the main blasting hole's blasting area, which is also the hole layout boundary of the main blasting hole, is... The layout boundaries of the main blasting holes are determined by engineers based on actual project needs; the layout boundaries of the buffer holes' buffer zone are the same as those of the main blasting zone; when the blasting is a single-stage operation, the layout boundaries of the pre-splitting zones of the pre-splitting holes are the same as those of the main blasting holes; when the blasting is performed in stages, the layout boundaries of the pre-splitting zones of the pre-splitting holes in the initial blast are... During the 2nd to (n-1)th blasts, the boundaries of the pre-splitting zone are as follows: Always maintain the pre-splitting zone of the pre-splitting hole ahead of the blasting zone of the main blasting hole. During the nth blast, both the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes are arranged to the end point of the project.

[0174] In addition, the shape of the holes can be rectangular, plum blossom-shaped, or other suitable hole shapes.

[0175] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes, characterized in that, include: S1: Obtain the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, and over-drilling depth of pre-splitting holes, buffer holes, and main blasting holes; S2: Based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, borehole diameter, explosive density, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, and over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes, the blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes are calculated. The blasting layout parameters of the pre-splitting holes include hole length, single-hole charge, hole spacing, and plugging length. The blasting layout parameters of the main blasting holes include hole length, single-hole charge, hole spacing, row spacing, and plugging length. S3: Determine the spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, and the spacing between the buffer hole and the main blast hole, based on the spacing of the main blast hole. S4: The blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, loosening blasting unit consumption, over-drilling depth of the buffer holes, and single-hole charge of the main blasting holes; the blasting arrangement parameters of the buffer holes include hole length, hole spacing, single-hole charge, and plugging length. S5: Determine the reserved platform range for pre-splitting blasting based on the number of rows of main blasting holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes, buffer holes and main blasting holes sequentially on the reserved platform according to the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes, main blasting holes and buffer holes, and arrange the pre-splitting holes along the final slope eyebrow line.

2. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the pre-splitting holes in S2 includes: The length of the pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the pre-splitting hole. The charge decoupling coefficient of the pre-splitting hole is determined, and the linear charge density of the pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the charge decoupling coefficient, the borehole diameter, and the explosive density. The charge amount per pre-splitting hole is calculated based on the charge density and hole length of the pre-splitting hole. Determine the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption of the pre-splitting holes, and calculate the pre-splitting hole spacing based on the single hole charge / linear charge density of the pre-splitting holes and the borehole density coefficient and pre-splitting blasting unit consumption. The filling length of the pre-cracked holes is calculated based on the hole spacing of the pre-cracked holes.

3. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the blasting arrangement parameters of the main blasting hole in S2 includes: The length of the main blasting hole is calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and over-drilling depth of the main blasting hole. Determine the charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging between main blast holes, and filling coefficient; and calculate the row spacing of the main blast holes based on the hole length, charge per meter, borehole density coefficient, interval length when charging between main blast holes, filling coefficient, current pre-splitting blasting step height, drilling angle, and loosening blasting unit consumption. The hole spacing of the main blast holes is calculated based on the hole density coefficient and the row spacing of the main blast holes. The filling length of the main blast holes is determined based on the spacing of the main blast holes, the drilling angle, and the filling coefficient. The charge per meter for the main blasting hole is determined based on the borehole diameter and explosive density. The charge per hole for the main blasting hole is determined based on the charge per meter for the main blasting hole, the filling length, the hole length, and the interval length when charging at intervals.

4. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the spacing of the main blast holes is: In the formula, The spacing between the main blast holes; The length of the main blast hole; The interval length when loading explosives at intervals in main blast holes; The borehole density coefficient for the main blast holes is taken as 1.1~1.6; H is the current pre-splitting blasting step height; For loosening and blasting unit consumption; The charge per meter for the main blast hole; is the drilling angle; K is the filling coefficient, which is 0.7~1.

5. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the spacing of the main blast holes is: In the formula, The hole spacing of the main blast hole.

6. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main blasting holes include a first main blasting hole and a second main blasting hole. The first main blasting hole is located above the lower slope walkway and is not over-drilled. The second main blasting hole is located outside the lower slope walkway and is over-drilled.

7. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for determining the bursting parameters of the buffer hole in S4 includes: S41: The length of the buffer hole and the amount of explosive charge per hole are calculated based on the current pre-splitting blasting bench height, drilling angle, over-drilling depth of the buffer hole, and single-hole charge of the main blasting hole. S42: Determine the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole based on the loosening blasting unit consumption, and calculate the hole spacing of the buffer hole based on the single hole charge of the buffer hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole, the row spacing between the buffer hole and the main blasting hole, the blasting unit consumption of the buffer hole, and the current pre-splitting blasting step height. S43: The filling length of the buffer hole is calculated based on the hole spacing of the buffer hole.

8. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S42, the formula for calculating the hole spacing of the buffer holes is: In the formula, The hole spacing of the buffer holes; H represents the charge amount per hole in the buffer hole; H represents the current pre-splitting blasting step height. The spacing between the buffer holes and the pre-cracked holes; The spacing between the buffer hole and the main blast hole, and the The The spacing between the first main blast holes.

9. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the filling length of the buffer hole is: In the formula, the This is the filling length of the buffer hole.

10. The method for arranging deep-hole stepped pre-splitting blasting holes according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the formula for calculating the width of the reserved platform for pre-splitting blasting is as follows: In the formula, B is the reserved platform width; n is the number of rows of the first main blasting holes; and y is the number of rows of the second main blasting holes. The spacing between the first main blast holes; The spacing between the second main blast holes; When the blasting process uses a single blast, the limit for the pre-splitting holes is: In the formula, This represents the boundary for the pre-splitting holes. The layout boundaries of the main blast holes; When the blasting process employs multi-stage blasting, the hole layout boundary of the pre-splitting holes during the first blast is: In the formula, This represents the boundary for the pre-splitting holes. The layout boundaries of the main blast holes; The hole spacing is the distance between the first main blast holes.

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