Suspension bridge suspender abnormity monitoring method based on main cable form variation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of suspension bridge suspender abnormity monitoring, and discloses a suspension bridge suspender abnormity monitoring method based on main cable form variation, which comprises the following steps: S1, main cable intersection points on two sides of one suspender of a suspension bridge are linearly connected through an auxiliary cable; s2, a displacement sensor is vertically arranged at the intersection point of the suspender and the main cable of the suspension bridge, and a magnetic ring is connected with an auxiliary cable; s3, S1 to S2 are repeated, intersection points of the main cables on the two sides of all the suspenders of the suspension bridge are linearly connected through auxiliary cables, displacement sensors are vertically arranged at the intersection points of the main cables of the corresponding suspenders, and the magnetic rings are connected with the auxiliary cables; and S4, the control module compares the displacement data monitored for the first time with the initial displacement, and if the difference value between the displacement data monitored for the first time and the initial displacement is larger than a preset first threshold value, and the difference value between the displacement data monitored for the first time and the initial displacement is larger than the preset first threshold value continuously for 3-5 times, the control module controls the alarm to send out an acousto-optic signal. According to the invention, the abnormal suspender can be accurately and rapidly monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring technology, specifically to a suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphological variations. Background Technology

[0002] In March 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the "Implementation Plan for the Construction of Health Monitoring System for Long Highway Bridges", which covers highway, municipal, rail, and railway suspension bridges. It requires 401 highway bridges to install health monitoring systems and to conduct routine inspections and health monitoring on hundreds of long suspension bridges throughout their entire life cycle.

[0003] Current mainstream methods for monitoring hanger anomalies mostly rely on directly monitoring the hangers themselves. For example, the frequency method is used to measure the hanger force in suspension bridges. This method measures the natural frequency of the hanger and then calculates the hanger force using theoretical formulas. Although the frequency method is a commonly used method for measuring hanger force, it has significant limitations. This method requires extremely high accuracy of the input parameters, and its reliability is difficult to guarantee due to the complex structure and varying lengths of hangers in actual engineering projects, especially for short hangers. Therefore, the industry currently lacks a method that can stably and reliably monitor hanger anomalies throughout the entire life cycle of a bridge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring abnormal suspension bridge hangers based on the morphological variation of the main cable, which can accurately and quickly detect abnormal hangers, prevent and maintain them in a timely manner, extend the service life of the bridge, and reduce the life cycle cost.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: The two main cables on either side of one of the hangers of the suspension bridge are connected in a straight line by an auxiliary cable;

[0007] S2: At the intersection of the main cables of the suspension bridge, a displacement sensor is vertically installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane to monitor the vertical straight-line distance between the intersection of the main cables and the auxiliary cable above the intersection. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the intersection of the main cables.

[0008] S3: Repeat S1-S2. All the main cable intersections on both sides of the suspension bridge are connected by auxiliary cables in a straight line. At the corresponding main cable intersection, a displacement sensor perpendicular to the horizontal plane is installed. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the main cable intersection of the suspension bridge.

[0009] S4: All displacement sensors transmit the initial displacement data (detected for the first time) between the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection to the control module. This data serves as the initial displacement. The displacement sensors transmit the detected displacement data to the control module at a preset frequency. The control module then... The displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the displacement data detected in the third monitoring is compared with the initial displacement, then the displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, and this occurs consecutively for 3 to 5 times, then the... If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, the control module will control the alarm to emit an audible and visual signal and indicate the corresponding boom number.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, when the first threshold is 3% to 5% of the initial displacement value, a first-level warning is activated, the sampling frequency is automatically increased, and the corresponding hanger is marked as a key focus object; when the first threshold is 5% to 10% of the initial displacement value, a second-level warning is activated, the control module triggers a yellow audible and visual alarm, and sends a text message or email to the maintenance personnel through the background, requiring on-site manual inspection within one working day; when the first threshold is more than 10% of the initial displacement value, a third-level warning is activated, the control module triggers a red rapid audible and visual alarm, and detailed structural flaw detection is immediately organized.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, if the first If the displacement data of the intersection of three or more adjacent main cables is simultaneously greater than the initial displacement difference and the trend is consistent, it is determined to be a local damage to a non-single cable, triggering an area anomaly mode alert. If all differences show a linear and uniform change, it is determined to be a temperature effect of the entire bridge or an overloaded vehicle crossing the bridge, and the alarm is temporarily suspended until the load passes and the measurement is repeated. If all differences show regional uneven settlement, it is determined to be an anomaly in the main cable alignment or the main beam, triggering the highest level of the entire bridge structural safety response.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the control module receives the data from the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge suspender. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is M-shaped, the suspension rod damage is vertical damage. The suspension rod corresponding to the inward bend in the M-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the control module receives the data from the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge suspender. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is W-shaped, the damage to the suspension rod is lateral damage. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to the outward bend in the W-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the line in the relative displacement change diagram of the main cable intersection point is M-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hangers is less than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, an inward bending point of the M-shape, as shown in formulas (1) and (2).

[0015] (1),

[0016] (2),

[0017] In formulas (1) and (2), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the line in the relative displacement change diagram of the main cable intersection point is W-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hangers is greater than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, a W-shaped outward bending point, as shown in formulas (3) and (4).

[0019] (3),

[0020] (4),

[0021] In formulas (3) and (4), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the auxiliary cable and the displacement sensor are connected to the suspension bridge cable clamp via a first connecting component. The displacement sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane via the first connecting component, and the auxiliary cable is connected to the magnetic ring via a second connecting component disposed on the magnetic ring of the displacement sensor.

[0023] Explanation: The intersection of the main cable and the suspender is called the main cable intersection.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] As a key component connecting the main cable and main girder of a suspension bridge, the safety performance of the suspender directly determines the overall stability of the bridge structure. However, due to the combined effects of alternating loads, environmental corrosion, and material fatigue, internal damage (such as wire breakage and anchorage loosening) is often difficult to detect through visual inspection. Therefore, its health status needs to be assessed by real-time monitoring of changes in the axial force (i.e., suspender force). Since the suspender force is linearly related to the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point, the suspender force can be indirectly obtained by measuring the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point, thereby indirectly monitoring abnormal conditions of the suspender. This invention monitors the initial displacement between the main cable intersection point and the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection point, and the... The displacement data monitored at the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable above the intersection can quickly detect abnormalities in the suspenders by comparing the difference with a first threshold, enabling precise location of damage to individual suspenders. Simultaneously, through collaborative analysis of displacement data from multiple adjacent suspenders, it can effectively distinguish between localized damage and interference factors such as overall bridge temperature effects and overloaded vehicles, avoiding false alarms. When the displacement differences of three or more adjacent suspenders simultaneously exceed the limit and show a consistent trend, the system can intelligently trigger a "regional anomaly mode," further combining the characteristics of the difference changes to determine anomalies in the main cable alignment or main beam, achieving multi-level safety early warning from individual suspenders to the entire bridge structure. Furthermore, the displacement sensor and auxiliary cable are connected to the cable clamp via a dedicated connection component, ensuring the sensor remains perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The stable connection between the auxiliary cable and the magnetic ring guarantees the accuracy of displacement monitoring, providing hardware assurance for the reliable operation of the entire monitoring method. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional frequency methods, which are not applicable to short suspenders and rely on the accuracy of input parameters. It can achieve long-term stable monitoring without direct contact with the suspender itself, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of suspension bridge suspender anomaly monitoring and providing strong technical support for the health management of bridges throughout their entire life cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphology variation according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the relative displacement of the suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphology variation according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the monitoring components for the suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphology variation of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a field model diagram of the test site for the suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphology variation of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the relative displacement change in the test of the suspension bridge hanger anomaly monitoring method based on main cable morphology variation according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting component, displacement sensor, and second connecting component in the measurement system of the present invention for measuring the relative displacement of the intersection point of the main cables of a suspension bridge;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first connecting component, displacement sensor, and second connecting component from another angle in the measurement system of the present invention for measuring the relative displacement of the intersection point of the main cables of a suspension bridge.

[0033] Figure 8 This is another angular structural diagram of the first connecting component, displacement sensor, and second connecting component in the measurement system of the present invention for measuring the relative displacement of the intersection point of the main cables of a suspension bridge.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of position A in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at position B of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the first connecting component, displacement sensor, and second connecting component at another angle in the measurement system of the present invention for measuring the relative displacement of the intersection point of the main cables of a suspension bridge.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at position C of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be specifically described in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations herein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] A method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: The two main cables on either side of one of the hangers of the suspension bridge are connected in a straight line by an auxiliary cable;

[0042] S2: At the intersection of the main cables of the suspension bridge, a displacement sensor is vertically installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane to monitor the vertical straight-line distance between the intersection of the main cables and the auxiliary cable above the intersection. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the intersection of the main cables.

[0043] S3: Repeat S1-S2. All the main cable intersections on both sides of the suspension bridge are connected by auxiliary cables in a straight line. At the corresponding main cable intersection, a displacement sensor perpendicular to the horizontal plane is installed. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the main cable intersection of the suspension bridge.

[0044] S4: All displacement sensors transmit the initial displacement data (detected for the first time) between the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection to the control module. This data serves as the initial displacement. The displacement sensors transmit the detected displacement data to the control module at a preset frequency. The control module then... The displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the displacement data detected in the third monitoring is compared with the initial displacement, then the displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, and this occurs consecutively for 3 to 5 times, then the... If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, the control module will control the alarm to emit an audible and visual signal and indicate the corresponding boom number.

[0045] In S4, when the first threshold is 3% to 5% of the initial displacement value, a Level 1 warning is activated, automatically increasing the sampling frequency (e.g., from once per hour to once every 10 minutes), and marking the corresponding hanger as a "key focus object"; when the first threshold is 5% to 10% of the initial displacement value, a Level 2 warning is activated, the control module triggers a yellow audible and visual alarm, and sends a push notification via SMS / email to maintenance personnel through the background, requiring on-site manual inspection within one working day; when the first threshold is more than 10% of the initial displacement value, a Level 3 warning is activated, the control module triggers a red rapid audible and visual alarm, and detailed structural flaw detection is immediately organized.

[0046] In S4, if the first If the displacement data of the intersection of three or more adjacent main cables is simultaneously greater than the initial displacement difference and the trend of change (both positive or both negative) is consistent, it is determined to be a local damage to a non-single cable, triggering an area anomaly mode alert. If all differences show a linear and uniform change, it is determined to be a temperature effect of the entire bridge or an overloaded vehicle crossing the bridge, and the alarm is temporarily suspended until the load passes and the measurement is repeated. If all differences show regional uneven settlement, it is determined to be an anomaly in the main cable alignment or the main beam, triggering the highest level of the entire bridge structural safety response.

[0047] In S4, the control module will receive the data at the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge gantry. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is M-shaped, the suspension rod damage is vertical damage. The suspension rod corresponding to the inward bend in the M-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

[0048] When the line in the diagram of relative displacement of the main cable intersection point is M-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hanger is less than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, the inward bending point of the M-shape, as shown in formulas (1) and (2).

[0049] (1),

[0050] (2),

[0051] In formulas (1) and (2), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

[0052] In S4, the control module will receive the data at the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge gantry. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is W-shaped, the damage to the suspension rod is lateral damage. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to the outward bend in the W-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

[0053] When the line in the diagram of the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point is W-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hanger is greater than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, a W-shaped outward bending point, as shown in formulas (3) and (4).

[0054] (3),

[0055] (4),

[0056] In formulas (3) and (4), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

[0057] This invention simulates boom damage by changing the boom diameter or directly shortening the boom, simulates anchor loosening by changing the boom length, and simulates cable clamp slippage by manually adjusting the position of the upper anchor head. It verifies whether the method according to this invention can quickly detect boom abnormalities. The following specifically uses the simulation of boom damage by changing the boom diameter or directly shortening the boom to verify whether the method according to this invention can quickly detect boom abnormalities.

[0058] This invention utilizes Revit to create a site model, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0059] The model bridge has a span of 5.6m, a longitudinal spacing of 0.95m between suspenders, and a distance of 1.6m from the top of the bridge tower to the main girder, resulting in a rise-to-span ratio of approximately 1 / 10. The main girder consists of two longitudinal beams and a lower crossbeam forming a grid. The longitudinal beams have a cross-section of 60mm × 60mm × 1mm and a length of 5.7m, while the crossbeams have a cross-section of 30mm × 30mm × 2mm and a length of 0.19m. The main cable uses 8mm diameter stainless steel wire rope, and the suspenders use 6mm stainless steel wire rope. The secondary load is 30kg per linear meter. The test method involves fixing the main cable first, installing the suspenders, and finally connecting the main girder.

[0060] The steel wire rope is converted from wire to bolt using wire rope connectors at both ends. The threaded rod is 10cm long, and its length allows adjustment of the horizontal force on the main cable. It passes through the corbel crossbar and a 500kg pressure-type spoke sensor, then is secured with nuts. After the main cable is installed, hangers are installed at 0.95m intervals, starting from the mid-span and moving towards both sides of the main cable. The hanger lengths are 1.2m, 0.98m, and 0.9m respectively. The main cable is secured to the hangers at the top with U-shaped buckles, and the hangers are tied with butterfly buckles. The bottom connection also uses wire rope connectors for conversion. A 100kg pressure sensor is used. The red bricks are 190×90×45mm in size and weigh 1.5kg each. A 30kg load is applied per linear meter, meaning 19 red bricks are used per span. The actual arrangement is as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0061] The relative displacement at the intersection of the main cable and the auxiliary cable was monitored using an auxiliary cable and a displacement sensor. In this experiment, a thin yellow line was used to simulate the auxiliary cable, which was fixed by a U-shaped buckle at the top of the suspender. A laser displacement sensor with an accuracy of 0.1 mm was selected for this experiment. A reflective sheet (almost weightless) was placed on the auxiliary cable, and the relative displacement was monitored by its reflection principle. Perform a read value, such as Figure 6 As shown.

[0062] All five hangers of the bridge are installed as follows Figure 6 The displacement sensor shown was adjusted to bring the boom force and horizontal force to their initial state. The boom force measuring instrument used was an LZ-ZY1 intelligent display instrument controller. The initial displacement could be read directly on the displacement sensor, and the boom force and initial displacement were recorded as shown in Table 1.

[0063]

[0064] Table 1

[0065] The boom was manually broken by cutting the wires, and the boom was cut by a grinder. The wire rope has 7 strands. The damage to the boom was analyzed by breaking 4, 5 and 6 wires in the wire rope.

[0066] The experiment focused on suspenders No. 1 and No. 3. By measuring the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point and the suspender force data, it was found that the suspender anomaly measurement obtained by this method is highly accurate. To verify whether there are differences in the changes caused by suspenders of different lengths and the relationship between the sensitivity of suspender force changes, specific experimental data are shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the results are as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0067]

[0068] Table 2. Test data of broken wire in No. 1 lifting rod

[0069]

[0070] Table 3. Test data of broken wire in No. 3 lifting rod

[0071] Through experimental analysis, it can be found that (1) the relative displacement of the suspender at the broken wire undergoes a downward abrupt change, and the variation characteristic is "M" shape, which can achieve the location of the broken wire. Moreover, under the same damage, the displacement generated by the long suspender will be higher than that of the short suspender; (2) the relative displacement change trend of the main cable intersection is the same as the change trend of the suspender force, which increases with the degree of damage; (3) when 6 wires of No. 1 suspender are broken, a displacement of 14.9 mm is generated, the suspender force changes by 5.29 kg, and the suspender force changes by about 1.3% for every 1 mm change of the intersection; when 6 wires of No. 3 suspender are broken, a displacement of 10 mm is generated, the suspender force changes by 3.58 kg, and the suspender force changes by about 1.3% for every 1 mm change of the intersection. Because the force change calculated by the present invention (intersection method) is consistent with the force change directly measured (experimental true value) and the theoretically predicted change (FEM) under various damage scenarios, and the error rate is always less than 1.5%, the data directly and logically support this conclusion, proving that the monitoring method proposed in this invention has high accuracy.

[0072] Explanation: In this solution, the auxiliary cable is pre-tensioned to ensure it remains straight. The displacement sensor includes a magnetic ring. As the object being measured moves, the magnetic ring's magnetic field interacts with the annular magnetic field within the waveguide of the displacement sensor, triggering a magnetostrictive effect. The movement of the magnetic ring directly reflects the displacement of the object being measured.

[0073] This embodiment also discloses a measurement system for measuring the relative displacement of the intersection of the main cables of a suspension bridge, including multiple first connecting components, multiple displacement sensors and multiple auxiliary cables, as well as a control module and an alarm.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement between the main cable intersection point and the vertical line of the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection point, such as... Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the displacement sensor includes a displacement sensor magnetic ring 101, a displacement sensor measuring rod 102, and a displacement sensor electronic compartment 103. The displacement sensor measuring rod 102 and the displacement sensor electronic compartment 103 are connected, and the displacement sensor magnetic ring 101 is fitted onto the displacement sensor measuring rod 102.

[0075] The displacement sensor magnetic ring 101 is provided with a second connecting assembly for connecting the magnetic ring to the auxiliary cable. The second connecting assembly includes a second connecting member sleeved on the displacement sensor magnetic ring 101, and a plurality of connecting rings 301 that can slide and cooperate with the second connecting member. The second connecting member includes a connecting cylinder 302 and two symmetrically arranged connecting posts 303. The connecting cylinder 302 is sleeved on the displacement sensor magnetic ring 101, and the two connecting posts 303 are respectively connected to the connecting cylinder 302. Figure 8 , 10 As shown, the lower end face of the connecting post 303 is provided with a placement groove 304, and the placement groove 304 is provided with a connecting rod 305 along the length direction of the connecting post 303. The connecting ring 301 is slidably engaged with the connecting rod 305. The connecting ring 301 is elastic and has a notch at its lower end, which can be used to engage with the auxiliary cable.

[0076] In this embodiment, there are four connecting rings 301. Two connecting rings 301 are provided on each connecting rod 305. A connecting ring is provided at the sliding engagement point between the connecting ring 301 and the connecting rod 305, and the connecting ring 301 slides with the connecting rod 305 through the connecting ring.

[0077] The magnetic ring can be connected to two connecting posts 303 via the connecting cylinder 302. The connecting ring 301 allows the magnetic ring to be indirectly and always connected to the auxiliary cable, so that the magnetic ring can monitor the displacement between the auxiliary cable and the cable clamp. The setting of the connecting rod 305 and multiple connecting rings 301 can flexibly adjust the position and number of connecting rings 301 according to the requirements. For example, for rods No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, there are two auxiliary cables connected between rods No. 1 and No. 3, and two connecting rings 301 can be selected.

[0078] Furthermore, since the first support column 206 is located between the two second connecting plates 203, it not only enhances the connection strength between the second connecting plate 203 and the first connecting plate 201, but also allows the two connecting columns 303 to be symmetrically arranged, with the magnetic ring in the middle and the two connecting columns 303 on either side of the magnetic ring. Because the two second connecting plates 203 are located on either side of the first support column 206, the two auxiliary cables connecting booms 1 and 3 are also located on either side of the magnetic ring. The magnetic ring is connected to the corresponding auxiliary cables via connecting rings 301 on both sides. Compared to a magnetic ring located outside the two auxiliary cables (i.e., the two auxiliary cables are on the same side of the magnetic ring), the magnetic ring's trajectory is more susceptible to uneven tension distribution in the auxiliary cables. For example, if booms 1 and 3 are subjected to asymmetrical forces, the auxiliary cables may experience lateral shift or torsion, resulting in an eccentricity between the center of the magnetic ring and the theoretical displacement axis (such as the boom axis). This eccentricity introduces an additional lateral displacement component, causing the "total displacement" measured by the displacement sensor to contain spurious errors. In this invention, the magnetic ring is located between two auxiliary cables. When the boom or auxiliary cables deform, the magnetic ring is balanced by the tension on both sides and is more likely to move along the theoretical displacement axis (such as the axial direction). The eccentricity error is significantly reduced and the measured value is closer to the true displacement.

[0079] The first connecting component is connected to the suspension bridge cable clamp. The first connecting component is used to place the displacement sensor and keep the displacement sensor in a vertical position at all times, and to provide connection points for the auxiliary cable.

[0080] like Figure 6 As shown, the first connecting assembly includes a first connecting plate 201, a limiting assembly, two first connectors for providing connection points for the auxiliary cable, and a first support for placing a displacement sensor.

[0081] The first connecting plate 201 is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes 202. The number of first connecting holes 202 is the same as the number of bolts on one side of the cable clamp (the cable clamp has two bolt connecting planes, which are located on both sides of the main cable respectively, and the first connecting plate 201 is located on one of the bolt connecting planes). The first connecting plate 201 is fitted onto the cable clamp bolts through the first connecting holes 202 and is connected to the cable clamp bolts.

[0082] like Figure 6As shown, the first connector includes a second connecting plate 203 and a first support plate 204 that are perpendicular to each other and connected. Both the second connecting plate 203 and the first support plate 204 are connected to the first connecting plate 201. The second connecting plate 203 is located on the center line of the bolt connection plane of the cable clamp along the length direction (the second connecting plate 203 is located on the center line of the length direction of the first connecting plate 201). The second connecting plate 203 is provided with a second connecting hole 205, and the second connecting plate 203 is connected to the auxiliary cable through the second connecting hole 205.

[0083] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the second connecting hole 205 near the upper end of the second connecting plate 203 is wavy, and the second connecting hole 205 can be used to connect two auxiliary cables. Specifically, the wavy shape can be a heart-shaped upper half, or it can be a series of outwardly convex arc segments, an inwardly concave arc segment, and an outwardly convex arc segment connected in sequence, with the inwardly concave arc segment being shorter.

[0084] The inner wall of the second connecting hole 205 near the upper end of the second connecting plate 203 is wavy, meaning it bulges outward. This allows for limiting the position of the auxiliary cable when it connects to the second connecting plate 203. It also allows for selection of the number of auxiliary cables to be installed, such as 1, 2, and 3 suspenders. If the suspension bridge is located in a harsh environment (e.g., strong winds), two auxiliary cables can be connected between suspenders 1 and 3 to improve monitoring accuracy. If the suspension bridge is located in a favorable environment, one auxiliary cable can be connected between suspenders 1 and 3. According to this invention, a single auxiliary cable can also be stably installed. Depending on the age of the suspension bridge, for example, if the suspension bridge is old, two auxiliary cables can be connected between suspenders 1 and 3. The auxiliary cables, two parallel cables, construct a stable reference plane in space. Compared to a linear reference formed by a single cable, it has a stronger ability to resist lateral disturbances such as wind-induced vibration, providing a more stable reference for measurement. The displacement sensor magnetic ring 101 is symmetrically connected between the two auxiliary cables through connectors, forming a balanced force structure. When the system is under force, this structure can effectively suppress the torsion and lateral displacement of the magnetic ring, ensuring that its movement trajectory is strictly along the vertical measurement axis, thereby eliminating eccentricity error. The dual-cable configuration provides hardware redundancy, enhances the long-term operational reliability and risk resistance of the monitoring system in harsh environments, ensures the continuity of monitoring data, and improves monitoring accuracy.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first support plate 204 is an isosceles trapezoid, and the first support plate 204 can increase the connection strength between the second connecting plate 203 and the first connecting plate 201.

[0086] like Figure 6 , 9As shown, the first support member includes a first support column 206 connected to the first connecting plate 201, a universal joint 207, a second support column 208, a connecting plate 209, and a first nut 212. The first support column 206 is located between the two second connecting plates 203 and is connected to the corresponding second connecting plates 203 respectively. The diameter of the first support column 206 is larger than the width of the second connecting plate 203. The center of the first support column 206 is located on the center line of the length direction of the first connecting plate 201. The first support column 206 and the second support column 208 are connected by the universal joint 207. The displacement sensor is detachably connected to the second support column 208 through the connecting plate 209.

[0087] The first support column 206 can rotate in the vertical plane via the universal joint 207.

[0088] The first support column 206 is connected to the two first connecting plates 201, which allows for the installation of the universal joint 207 and the second support column 208. This enables the displacement sensor and the auxiliary cable to be located on a single first connecting assembly, and also ensures that the displacement sensor is located on the centerline of the cable clamp's length direction. This minimizes system errors and interference factors, making the measured value closer to the true displacement and thus improving monitoring accuracy. For example, if the sensor deviates from the centerline, its measurement point will be at a distance (eccentricity) from the actual deformation center of the cable clamp. When the cable clamp twists or bends, the eccentricity will cause the sensor measurement value to include additional "false displacement" (such as the lateral component caused by twisting), rather than pure axial or target direction displacement. When located on the centerline, the sensor measurement point coincides with the deformation center of the cable clamp. Geometric symmetry minimizes the influence of twisting or bending on the measured value, ensuring that the measured value only reflects the displacement in the target direction, thereby reducing system errors. For example, when the cable clamp is under stress (such as cable tension, wind vibration, etc.), its internal stress distribution is usually symmetrical about the centerline. If the sensor deviates from the centerline, it may be located in a stress concentration area (such as an edge or corner), causing the measured value to be affected by local stress fluctuations rather than overall deformation. The stress distribution is more uniform at the centerline, and the sensor measurement value can better reflect the overall deformation trend of the cable clamp rather than local anomalies, thus improving data reliability.

[0089] The diameter of the first support column 206 is larger than the width of the second connecting plate 203. The first support column 206 is also connected to the first connecting plate 201. Compared with the second connecting plate 203, the contact area between the first support column 206 and the first connecting plate 201 is increased. The first support column 206 can also enhance the connection strength between the second connecting plate 203 and the first connecting plate 201.

[0090] Since the main cable of the suspension bridge is curved, and all displacement sensors need to be kept perpendicular to the horizontal plane, that is, perpendicular to the bridge deck (assuming the bridge deck is parallel), the first support column 206 and the second support column 208 are connected by a universal joint 207, which allows the displacement sensor at any position on the main cable to be kept perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The displacement sensor is detachably connected to the second support column 208 through the connecting plate 209, which facilitates the replacement of the displacement sensor.

[0091] like Figure 6 , 9 As shown, the second support column 208 is provided with a through hole 210 for placing a displacement sensor. The second support column 208 and the connecting plate 209 are bolted together. The connecting plate 209 is provided with a strip hole 211. One end of the displacement sensor measuring rod 102 passes through the strip hole 211. The displacement sensor measuring rod 102 is connected to the first nut 212. The first nut 212 abuts against the upper surface of the connecting plate 209.

[0092] The through hole 210 can be used to house the displacement sensor electronic compartment 103, and also serves to shield the displacement sensor electronic compartment 103 from rainwater, protecting the equipment performance and extending its service life. It can also provide a through channel for the displacement sensor cable. With the addition of the universal joint 207, the through hole 210 allows the displacement sensor cable to be smoothly connected to the displacement sensor, and also allows the displacement sensor to rotate within a 180° range in the plane as needed, ensuring that the displacement sensor is always perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The connection plate 209, the first nut 212, the displacement sensor measuring rod 102, the second support column 208, the strip hole 211, and the through hole 210 work together to ensure that the displacement sensor is stably located within the second support column 208.

[0093] The limiting assembly includes two opposing limiting elements, one for limiting and the other for providing support, such as... Figure 11 , 12 As shown, the limiting component includes a first limiting post 401, a second limiting post 402, and a spring 403. The first limiting post 401 is connected to the side of the first connecting plate 201. The inner side of the first limiting post 401 is provided with a first receiving groove 404 for accommodating the second limiting post 402. The lower surface of the first connecting plate 201 is provided with a second receiving groove 405, one end of which is connected to the side of the first connecting plate 201. The second receiving groove 405 is arranged along the length direction of the first connecting plate 201. One end of the spring 403 is connected to the inner wall of the second receiving groove 405, and the other end is connected to the second limiting post 402. The upper end of the second limiting post 402 abuts against the inner wall of the second receiving groove 405. The second limiting post 402 can be located inside the first limiting post 401 through the first receiving groove 404.

[0094] Depending on the requirements, the measurement system can be installed during the construction of the suspension bridge or after the suspension bridge is built. This invention can be applied to different scenarios as needed, ensuring that the first connecting component is always stably connected to the cable clamp. For example, when constructing a suspension bridge, the first connecting component is connected to the cable clamp before connecting the second nut to the bolt on the cable clamp. At this time, the first connecting plate 201 can fit against the bolt connection plane of the cable clamp. The second limiting post 402 is located inside the first limiting post 401. The cooperation between the second limiting post 402 and the first limiting post 401 on both sides of the first connecting plate 201 can limit the first connecting plate 201 in the length direction of the cable clamp, restrict the lateral displacement of the first connecting plate 201, and prevent the bolts from loosening due to lateral impact or vibration.

[0095] After the suspension bridge is constructed, the second nut is already connected to the bolts on the cable clamp. At this point, when the first connecting assembly is connected to the cable clamp via the bolts, due to the height of the second nut, the first connecting plate 201 on the first connecting assembly fits against the upper surface of the second nut through the first connecting hole 202. However, the remaining part of the first connecting plate 201 is suspended, causing stress concentration in the localized contact area. This means the stress in the contact area is much higher than the average stress, potentially leading to localized deformation or fatigue cracks in the first connecting plate 201. The suspension of the remaining part of the first connecting plate 201 also means that under lateral forces (such as wind vibration or vibration caused by vehicle loads), stress concentration may occur. Under the action of dynamic or bending moment, the suspended area will undergo free deformation, causing the overall stress state of the first connecting plate 201 to deviate from the design expectation. The two second limiting posts 402 can provide support for the first connecting plate 201, disperse the load, reduce stress concentration, prevent the suspended part of the first connecting plate 201 from undergoing free deformation, and extend the service life of the first connecting plate 201. The first limiting post 401 can also limit the first connecting plate 201 in the length direction of the cable clamp, so that the first connecting plate 201 is aligned with the side of the cable clamp, which can limit the lateral displacement of the first connecting plate 201 and prevent the bolts from loosening due to lateral impact or vibration.

[0096] The control module is used to receive and process displacement information monitored by the displacement sensor, and also to control the alarm to open and close.

[0097] The displacement sensor transmits the first displacement information between the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable, which is detected for the first time, to the control module as the initial displacement. The displacement sensor transmits the second displacement information between the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable, which is detected, to the control module at a preset frequency. The control module compares the second displacement information with the initial displacement to obtain the relative displacement of the main cable intersection. If the relative displacement of the main cable intersection is greater than a preset threshold, the control module controls the alarm to emit an audible and visual signal.

[0098] In this embodiment, the displacement sensor electronic compartment 103 is located in the through hole 210, the displacement sensor cable is connected to the displacement sensor electronic compartment 103 through the through hole 210, the connecting plate 209 is sleeved on the displacement sensor measuring rod 102 through the strip hole 211, the connecting plate 209 is bolted to the second support column 208, the displacement sensor measuring rod 102 is connected to the first nut 212, and the first nut 212 abuts against the upper surface of the connecting plate 209.

[0099] Repeat the above operation. A corresponding displacement sensor is installed on the first support of all first connecting components. The first connecting plate 201 of the first connecting component is installed on the cable clamp. Specifically, when the second nut is not installed on the cable clamp bolt (that is, when building a suspension bridge), the first connecting plate 201 is sleeved on the cable clamp bolt. The first connecting plate 201 is in contact with the bolt connection plane of the cable clamp. The spring 403 is stretched. The second limiting post 402 is located inside the first limiting post 401. The inner surface of the second limiting post 402 and the inner surface of the first limiting post 401 are in contact with the outer side of the cable clamp. The two limiting components and the cable clamp cooperate to limit the first connecting plate 201. Then, the second nut is connected to the cable clamp bolt to limit the first connecting plate 201 on the bolt connection plane of the cable clamp.

[0100] When the second nut has been installed on the cable clamp bolt (that is, after the suspension bridge is built), the first connecting plate 201 is fitted onto the cable clamp bolt, the second limiting post 402 abuts against the bolt connection plane of the cable clamp, the first limiting post 401 fits against the outer side of the cable clamp, the two second limiting posts 402 cooperate to provide support for the first connecting plate 201, the two first limiting posts 401 and the cable clamp cooperate to limit the first connecting plate 201, and then the first connecting plate 201 is limited on the cable clamp by connecting to the cable clamp bolt through the third nut.

[0101] Repeat the above operation to install the first connecting assembly at the cable clamps where all the hangers of the suspension bridge connect to the main cable, and adjust the position of each displacement sensor through the universal joint 207 so that each displacement sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0102] The cable clamps on both sides of one of the suspension bridge's hangers are connected by an auxiliary cable. The connecting ring 301 on the second connecting assembly is engaged with the auxiliary cable, and the displacement sensor is indirectly connected to the auxiliary cable through the connecting ring 301.

[0103] Repeat the above operation. All cable clamps connecting the suspension bridge's hangers to the main cable are connected to auxiliary cables. Displacement sensors monitor the displacement between the intersection of the auxiliary cables and the main cable at a preset frequency and transmit the monitored displacement information to the control module. The control module uses the first displacement information transmitted by the displacement sensor as the initial displacement and the subsequent displacement information transmitted by the displacement sensor as the second displacement information.

[0104] The control module compares the second displacement information with the first displacement information to obtain the relative displacement of the main cable intersection. If the relative displacement of the main cable intersection is greater than the preset threshold, the control module controls the alarm to emit an audible and visual signal.

[0105] In this embodiment, 1) the present invention monitors the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point by using displacement sensors installed on the cable clamps and auxiliary cables in conjunction with them. This allows for real-time monitoring without the need for periodic bridge closures, enabling timely assessment of the suspender health, timely preventative maintenance, extended bridge lifespan, and reduced lifecycle costs; 2) monitoring does not require closure of the bridge or disruption of traffic; only the unified installation of this measurement system in the early stages is needed, making measurement convenient; 3) the main cable intersection point is the connection between the main cable and the corresponding suspender. However, in practice, the cable clamp is usually chosen as the main cable intersection point. The present invention connects the auxiliary cable and displacement sensor to the cable clamps via a first connecting component, which, compared to the auxiliary cable... When the displacement sensor is connected to the cable clamp separately, it allows both the auxiliary cable and the displacement sensor to be located at the same point on the cable clamp, such as on the centerline of the cable clamp's length direction. This means the connection point between the auxiliary cable and the cable clamp is on the centerline of the cable clamp's length direction, and the connection point between the displacement sensor and the cable clamp is also on the centerline of the length direction. This ensures that the auxiliary cable connects to the main cable intersection point (which can be a point on the centerline of the cable clamp's length direction) and another main cable intersection point as initially designed, rather than deviating from the centerline of the cable clamp and being closer to the side of the cable clamp, thus improving monitoring accuracy. When the cable clamp is subjected to complex loads, its deformation mode may include not only vertical translation but also torsion and bending. If the sensor is installed off-center, the torsion or bending of the cable clamp will cause the sensor to generate a displacement component in a non-target direction, i.e., a "false displacement." This displacement couples with the true vertical displacement, causing serious interference to the measurement results.By placing the measuring point on the geometric symmetry axis and stress neutral axis of the cable clamp, the influence of bending moment and torque caused by eccentric loading on the measurement can be minimized, allowing the sensor readings to more accurately reflect the pure vertical displacement of the main cable intersection, thereby fundamentally eliminating systematic errors and significantly improving monitoring accuracy; 4) The auxiliary cable and displacement sensor are installed on the first connecting assembly simultaneously. Compared to the auxiliary cable and cable clamp having a separate connector, and the displacement sensor and cable clamp having a separate connector, this method improves monitoring accuracy while reducing installation steps. It only requires one installation, that is, the first connecting assembly is connected to the cable clamp, without multiple connectors being connected to the cable clamp separately; 5) By cooperating with multiple auxiliary cables, multiple displacement sensors, and multiple first connecting assemblies, the relative displacement of the main cable intersection can be monitored synchronously, that is, the deformation of the suspender can be monitored. Simultaneous monitoring at multiple monitoring points can also obtain a relative displacement change diagram of the corresponding main cable intersection point of each suspender. That is, based on the relative displacement of each main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, a diagram of the relative displacement change of the main cable intersection point is obtained with the suspender number on the horizontal axis and the relative displacement on the vertical axis, so as to further determine the damage type of the corresponding damaged suspender; 6) Since the relative displacement change of the main cable intersection point is small, a few centimeters or millimeters, if displacement sensors are directly installed on the main cable intersection point to directly monitor the change in distance between the main cable intersection point and the ground, the measurement accuracy cannot meet the requirements. However, this invention connects the two ends of the auxiliary cable to the two main cable intersection points respectively, and uses the rigidity of the auxiliary cable to transmit the displacement. The displacement sensor monitors the relative displacement between the main cable intersection point and the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection point, which is equivalent to converting the tiny absolute displacement into relative displacement for measurement, which can amplify the displacement change and thus improve the measurement accuracy.

[0106] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: The two main cables on either side of one of the hangers of the suspension bridge are connected in a straight line by an auxiliary cable; S2: At the intersection of the main cables of the suspension bridge, a displacement sensor is vertically installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane to monitor the vertical straight-line distance between the intersection of the main cables and the auxiliary cable above the intersection. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the intersection of the main cables. S3: Repeat S1-S2. All the main cable intersections on both sides of the suspension bridge are connected by auxiliary cables in a straight line. At the corresponding main cable intersection, a displacement sensor perpendicular to the horizontal plane is installed. The magnetic ring on the displacement sensor is connected to the auxiliary cable located directly above the main cable intersection of the suspension bridge. S4: All displacement sensors transmit the initial displacement data (detected for the first time) between the main cable intersection and the auxiliary cable above the main cable intersection to the control module. This data serves as the initial displacement. The displacement sensors transmit the detected displacement data to the control module at a preset frequency. The control module then... The displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the displacement data detected in the third monitoring is compared with the initial displacement, then the displacement data detected in the second monitoring is compared with the initial displacement. If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, and this occurs consecutively for 3 to 5 times, then the... If the difference between the detected displacement data and the initial displacement is greater than the preset first threshold, the control module will control the alarm to emit an audible and visual signal and indicate the corresponding boom number.

2. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge suspenders based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, when the first threshold is 3% to 5% of the initial displacement value, a level one early warning is activated, the sampling frequency is automatically increased, and the corresponding hanger is marked as a key focus object; when the first threshold is 5% to 10% of the initial displacement value, a level two early warning is activated, the control module triggers a yellow audible and visual alarm, and sends a text message or email to maintenance personnel through the background, requiring on-site manual inspection within one working day; when the first threshold is more than 10% of the initial displacement value, a level three early warning is activated, the control module triggers a red rapid audible and visual alarm, and detailed structural flaw detection is immediately organized.

3. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, if the first If the displacement data of the intersection of three or more adjacent main cables is simultaneously greater than the initial displacement difference and the trend is consistent, it is determined to be a local damage to a non-single cable, triggering an area anomaly mode alert. If all differences show a linear and uniform change, it is determined to be a temperature effect of the entire bridge or an overloaded vehicle crossing the bridge, and the alarm is temporarily suspended until the load passes and the measurement is repeated. If all differences show regional uneven settlement, it is determined to be an anomaly in the main cable alignment or the main beam, triggering the highest level of the entire bridge structural safety response.

4. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the control module will receive the data at the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge gantry. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is M-shaped, the suspension rod damage is vertical damage. The suspension rod corresponding to the inward bend in the M-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

5. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge suspenders based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the control module will receive the data at the intersection of the main cables of each suspension bridge gantry. The displacement data monitored were compared with the initial displacement of the corresponding main cable intersection point of the suspension bridge, and a relative displacement deformation diagram of the main cable intersection point of each suspension bridge was obtained. If the line in the diagram is W-shaped, the damage to the suspension rod is lateral damage. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to the outward bend in the W-shaped line is the corresponding damaged suspension rod.

6. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge suspenders based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the line in the diagram of relative displacement of the main cable intersection point is M-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hanger is less than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, the inward bending point of the M-shape, as shown in formulas (1) and (2). （1）， （2）， In formulas (1) and (2), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

7. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge suspenders based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the line in the diagram of the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point is W-shaped, if the difference between the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of one of the hangers and the relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the adjacent hanger is greater than a preset threshold, then the hanger is a damaged hanger, that is, a W-shaped outward bending point, as shown in formulas (3) and (4). （3）， （4）， In formulas (3) and (4), For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. For the first The relative displacement of the main cable intersection point of the No. 1 suspender. This is a preset threshold.

8. The method for monitoring anomalies in suspension bridge hangers based on main cable morphological variations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement sensor is connected to the suspension bridge cable clamp via a first connecting component, and the displacement sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane via the first connecting component. The first connecting assembly includes a first connecting plate and a first support member for placing a displacement sensor. The first support member includes a first support column connected to the first connecting plate, a universal joint, a second support column, and a connecting plate. The first support column is located between two second connecting plates and is connected to the corresponding second connecting plates respectively. The diameter of the first support column is larger than the width of the second connecting plate. The first support column and the second support column are connected by a universal joint. The displacement sensor is detachably connected to the second support column via the connecting plate.

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