Ice cover flow water and sediment parameter monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ice cover flow water and sediment parameter monitoring device and method, the monitoring device comprises a monitoring assembly penetrating into the ice cover and a driving assembly driving a monitoring rod to rotate, and a plurality of sensors are arranged in a monitoring cavity. The device is fixed on the ice cover layer and can perform continuous monitoring, the monitored data is diversified, the data obtained through multi-point and multiple monitoring is more comprehensive, the shaking of the monitoring rod can be reduced, and the damage of the sensor can be avoided; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: selecting a fixed point monitoring point position, selecting a lake water flow inlet, a central point and an outlet in the field, and selecting a water inlet, a water outlet and a central position of a water tank in a laboratory; determining winter monitoring interval time and type; arranging an in-situ monitoring platform; and carrying out data acquisition and processing. The monitoring device comprises a monitoring assembly penetrating into the ice cover and a driving assembly, and various sensors are arranged in the monitoring cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring instrument technology, specifically to a device and method for monitoring parameters of ice sheet runoff and sediment. Background Technology

[0002] In the cold and arid regions of northern my country, the safety of lake water ecosystems is becoming increasingly severe due to a combination of factors, including extreme climate and intense human activity.

[0003] In monitoring parameters of subglacial flow and sediment, water temperature, sediment temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen are key indicators reflecting heat exchange at the ice-water interface, the freeze-thaw process of the ice sheet, hydrodynamic conditions, and sediment movement patterns. Water temperature directly controls the formation and dissipation of the ice sheet, water viscosity, and sediment initiation characteristics; sediment temperature characterizes the heat flux at the water-sediment interface and the freeze-thaw and consolidation characteristics of the substrate; salinity affects the freezing point, density structure, and flocculation and sedimentation of fine-particle sediment; pH determines the electrochemical properties and adsorption / desorption behavior of sediment surfaces; and dissolved oxygen reflects the intensity of water exchange under the ice and the quality of the water environment. These parameters together provide basic data support for the analysis of subglacial flow sediment movement mechanisms, hydrological process simulation, and environmental effect assessment.

[0004] Existing subglacial monitoring instruments are greatly affected by subglacial water flow, are prone to shaking, have poor stability, cannot support long-term uninterrupted continuous monitoring, and the monitored data is not comprehensive enough and the functions are too limited. Therefore, in order to comprehensively understand the subglacial data of lake ecosystems in cold and arid regions, this application provides a device and method for monitoring parameters of ice sheet runoff and sediment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring parameters of ice sheet runoff and sediment, in order to solve the problems in the prior art that existing monitoring instruments for the initiation velocity of sediment under ice cannot support long-term uninterrupted continuous monitoring, and that the monitored data is not comprehensive enough and the functions are too limited.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters. Step 1: Select fixed monitoring points. After determining the frozen lake to be monitored, observe and determine the shape and form of the lake through drone aerial photography, determine the lake's water inlet and outlet, mark the lake outline on the map, connect the longest axes in multiple directions, select the lake's center point through the intersection of the axes, and then select monitoring points at the lake's water inlet, the lake's center point, and the lake's water outlet. Step 2: Determine the monitoring interval and monitoring type. The monitoring time is winter, and the monitoring parameters are water temperature, mud temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Step 3: Deploy the in-situ monitoring platform. First, place the monitoring device on the ice cover at the monitoring point and fix it in place. Then, manually drill a hole at the monitoring point to allow the monitoring components to enter under the ice cover. Step 4: Data Acquisition and Processing. A local data acquisition device is used to connect to each sensor and store the collected data. Outliers are filtered out by the local data acquisition device, the data is standardized, and then transmitted to the cloud data platform for data processing.

[0007] Preferably, in step one, during fixed-point monitoring in the laboratory, the inlet, outlet, and center of the water tank are selected within the slope water tank and water circulation system.

[0008] Preferably, in the second step, a platinum resistance sensor for monitoring water temperature is selected, a thermocouple sensor for monitoring mud temperature is selected, and a multi-parameter sensor for monitoring salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen is selected; the monitoring and acquisition frequency of water temperature, ice temperature, and mud temperature is once every half hour, and the monitoring and acquisition frequency of salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen is once every ten minutes.

[0009] A device for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters, used for methods of monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters, including: A monitoring component for deep monitoring beneath the ice sheet includes a monitoring rod positioned on both sides of a base and connected to the base via support arms. The support arms are fitted over the monitoring rod and slidably connected. A drill bit is installed at the bottom of the monitoring rod. The monitoring rod is a hollow rod with an exposed section at the bottom connected by three support rods. A monitoring instrument frame is inserted inside the monitoring rod, and a monitoring cavity is provided in the monitoring instrument frame relative to the exposed section of the monitoring rod. Both the monitoring rod and the monitoring instrument frame have a splicable design at their upper ends. The monitoring rod is inserted from above the ice cover to below, and water is poured to freeze the contact point. The upper end of the monitoring rod is connected to a removable lower pressure cover assembly.

[0010] Drive assembly: includes a motor and a positioning key on the outer surface of the monitoring rod. The motor is located at the upper end of the base and is fixed by a fixing frame. A first gear is keyed to the output shaft of the motor, and the output shaft is rotatably connected to the base. A second gear is provided on the outside of the monitoring rod, and the second gear and the monitoring rod are mutually limited by the positioning key. The second gear meshes with the first gear.

[0011] Preferably, the base has fixing holes at its four corners, and fixing pins that are driven into the ice cover layer are provided at the fixing holes. The surface of the fixing pins is rough.

[0012] Preferably, a support plate is provided between the support arm and the second gear, the support plate being fixedly connected to the support arm and rotatably connected to the bottom of the second gear.

[0013] Preferably, the lower pressure cover assembly includes a rotating handle and a lower end cover, which are rotatably connected by a bearing. The lower end cover is inserted into the monitoring instrument frame, and the rotating handle is located above the monitoring rod and does not contact the monitoring rod or the monitoring instrument frame.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The monitoring rod proposed in this invention can be fixed by freezing the holes on the ice, thus ensuring that even a long monitoring rod can maintain good stability under the action of water flow under the ice.

[0015] The device proposed in this invention can be fixed in the ice cover layer for continuous monitoring. Its length can be adjusted according to the water and sediment depth, making it suitable for easy deployment in extreme field environments. Furthermore, the data monitored by this invention is diversified, and the data obtained through multi-point and multi-mode monitoring is more comprehensive.

[0016] This device uses a first gear to drive a second gear to rotate. With manual assistance, the monitoring rod is gently pressed down to insert into the water and sediment layers for monitoring. The diameter of the monitoring rod is matched with the diameter of the hole on the ice to reduce the shaking of the monitoring rod caused by the water flow, thus avoiding damage to the internal sensor or inaccurate monitoring due to excessive shaking of the monitoring rod. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the method for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is the actual usage status of the ice cover outflow and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is the actual usage status of the ice cover outflow and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is the actual usage status of the ice cover outflow and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 5 This is the actual usage status of the ice cover outflow and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention. Figure 4 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the monitoring rod in the ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the monitoring rod in the ice sheet flow and sediment parameter monitoring device proposed in this invention; Figure 9This is a flowchart of the data processing steps for the ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring method proposed in this invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Fixing hole; 3. Support arm; 4. Fixing frame; 5. Motor; 6. First gear; 7. Output shaft; 8. Second gear; 9. Monitoring rod; 10. Support plate; 11. Drill bit; 12. Rotary handle; 13. Fixing pin; 14. Positioning key; 15. Bearing; 16. Connecting piece; 17. Monitoring chamber; 18. Ice cap layer; 19. Water flow layer; 20. Sediment layer; 21. Lower end cover; 22. Monitoring instrument frame; 23. Hollowed-out area; 24. Fixing bolt; 25. Support rod; 26. Sealing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 2-8 This embodiment proposes a monitoring device for the initiation velocity of sediment flow under ice sheet, including a monitoring component that extends deep under the ice sheet for monitoring. The monitoring component includes a monitoring rod 9, which is disposed on both sides of a base 1 and connected to the base 1 via a support arm 3. One end of the support arm 3 is fixedly connected to the side of the base 1. The support arm 3 is sleeved on the outside of the monitoring rod 9 and slidably connected. The monitoring rod 9 can slide vertically up and down and rotate within the support arm 3. Please see Figure 7 In order to enable the monitoring rod 9 to drill into the ice cover layer 18, a drill bit 11 is provided at the bottom of the monitoring rod 9. The specific installation method of the drill bit 11 is as follows: the bottom of the monitoring rod 9 is a connector 16, and there are threads on the outer surface of the connector 16. The upper end of the drill bit 11 is threadedly connected to the connector 16. The drill bit 11 is a consumable. This connection method is more convenient and quick when replacing the drill bit. Please see Figure 7 The monitoring rod 9 is a hollow rod with an exposed section at the bottom connected by three support rods 25. A monitoring frame 22 is inserted into the monitoring rod 9, and a monitoring cavity 17 is set at the position of the monitoring frame 22 relative to the exposed section of the monitoring rod 9. Water flows through the exposed section at the bottom of the monitoring rod 9 and contacts the water temperature, mud temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen collection sensors set on the monitoring frame 22 to collect data. The monitoring rods 9 are all designed to be spliced. The side end of the monitoring rod 9 is provided with a semi-circular hollow section 23, and a fixing bolt 24 is threaded onto the hollow section 23. Two monitoring rods 9 are fixedly connected to each other by the fixing bolt 24. Please see Figure 7 To enhance the multi-dimensionality of monitoring, a monitoring chamber 17 is provided on the monitoring instrument frame 22. The monitoring chamber 17 houses a platinum resistance thermometer, a thermocouple sensor, and a multi-parameter sensor. The platinum resistance thermometer measures water temperature, with one set located at the middle and upper ends of the monitoring chamber 17; these are existing platinum resistance thermometers with waterproof housings. The thermocouple sensor measures mud temperature and is located at the bottom of the monitoring chamber 17; it is also an existing thermocouple sensor. The multi-parameter sensor monitors salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, using the existing "Jiangsu Delin DL2034 miniature multi-parameter sensor." An ultrasonic radar is installed on the monitoring rod 9 for distance measurement, determining the distance between the monitoring rod 9 and the sediment. The existing ring-type wiring structure is used to uniformly organize and standardize the connection bundles of each sensor.

[0021] When monitoring on ice, a monitoring hole needs to be drilled in the ice at the monitoring point, penetrating to the water level below the ice. However, due to the freezing weather in winter, ice forms on the surface of the drilled hole after a period of time, making it impossible to insert the monitoring rod 9 and the monitoring device frame 22 into the hole, while simultaneously ensuring that the drilled hole can secure the monitoring rod 9. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2-6 Before monitoring, a small monitoring hole needs to be manually drilled on the ice surface at the designated monitoring point. To avoid drilling the hole too large, it should be made smaller initially, and then enlarged using the device's own drilling function. This also breaks up any ice spikes on the hole surface, ensuring the monitoring hole fits snugly against the outer wall of the monitoring rod 9. The wall of the monitoring hole helps to fix the monitoring rod 9 in place, reducing water flow-induced shaking. Excessive shaking of the monitoring rod 9 can damage the internal sensor or cause inaccurate monitoring. The drive assembly that rotates the monitoring rod 9 to enlarge the monitoring hole includes a motor 5 and a positioning key 14 on the outer surface of the monitoring rod 9. The motor 5 is located at the upper end of the base 1 and is connected via... The fixed frame 4 is fixed in place. The motor 5 is an existing motor with its own power supply. The output shaft 7 of the motor 5 is keyed to a first gear 6, and the output shaft 7 is rotatably connected to the base 1. A second gear 8 is provided outside the monitoring rod 9. A support plate 10 is provided between the support arm 3 and the second gear 8. The support plate 10 is fixedly connected to the support arm 3 and rotatably connected to the bottom of the second gear 8. The second gear 8 meshes with the first gear 6. The support plate 10 is sleeved on the outside of the monitoring rod 9 and does not contact the monitoring rod 9. The second gear 8 and the monitoring rod 9 are mutually limited by the positioning key 14. The positioning key 14 only restricts the free rotation of the second gear 8. Since the positioning key 14 is relatively long, the monitoring rod 9 can slide vertically in the second gear 8. Select monitoring rods of different lengths 9 according to the monitoring location. If monitoring both the water flow layer and the sediment layer simultaneously, then... Figure 3 Simultaneously, two monitoring rods 9 are used: one monitoring rod 9 is inserted into the sediment layer, and the other monitoring rod 9 is located in the flow layer, above the sediment layer; if only the sediment layer is monitored, then... Figure 4A monitoring rod 9 is used, which is inserted into the sediment layer; if only the flow layer is monitored, then... Figure 5 A monitoring rod 9 is used, which is located in the water flow layer and above the sediment layer.

[0022] Since continuous monitoring is required and the time is relatively long, the device needs to be fixed on the ice cover layer 18. Therefore, fixing holes 2 are provided at the four corners of the base 1, and fixing pins 13 that can be nailed into the ice cover layer 18 are provided on the fixing holes 2. The surface of the fixing pins 13 is rough to make the fixing more secure.

[0023] The upper end of the monitoring rod 9 is connected to a detachable lower pressure cover assembly; the lower pressure cover assembly includes a rotating handle 12 and a lower end cover 21, which are rotatably connected by a bearing 15. The lower end cover 21 is inserted into the monitoring instrument frame 22, and the rotating handle 12 is located above the monitoring rod 9 and does not contact the monitoring rod 9 or the monitoring instrument frame 22. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 In order to apply downward pressure to the monitoring rod 9 so that it enters the water flow layer 19 or the sediment layer 20 in the lake, a rotating handle 12 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the monitoring rod 9 via a bearing 15. The rotating handle 12 is shaped for easier hand grip. The staff applies downward pressure to the monitoring rod 9 by gripping the rotating handle 12 so that the monitoring rod 9 enters the water flow layer 19 or the sediment layer 20 in the lake for monitoring. The bearing 15 ensures that the staff can apply pressure to the rotating handle 12 when the monitoring rod 9 is rotating.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This invention proposes a method for monitoring parameters of ice sheet runoff and sediment, which is implemented using the aforementioned monitoring device for the initiation velocity of ice sheet runoff sediment. Step 1: Select fixed monitoring points. When selecting monitoring points in the field, after identifying the frozen lake to be monitored, use drone aerial photography to observe and determine the shape and form of the lake (e.g., Figure 2 To determine the lake's inlet and outlet, mark the lake's outline on a map, connect the longest axes in multiple directions, select the lake's center point through the intersection of these axes, and then select monitoring points at the lake's inlet, center point, and outlet (e.g., ...). Figure 8 ); When monitoring in the laboratory, existing slope flumes and water circulation systems (such as...) need to be used. Figure 9 To monitor the flow of water, a simulated ice cap made of paraffin or foam is placed above the water in a water tank. Test water is then injected into the tank, and the inlet, outlet, and center of the tank are selected to simulate the flow of water in a natural lake. Step 2: Determine the monitoring interval and monitoring type. There are two types of monitoring targets: field fixed-point monitoring and laboratory monitoring. For field fixed-point monitoring, the monitoring time is winter, and the monitoring parameters are water temperature, mud temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Select a platinum resistance sensor for monitoring water temperature, a thermocouple sensor for monitoring mud temperature, and a multi-parameter sensor for monitoring salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The monitoring and acquisition frequency for water temperature and mud temperature is once every half hour, and the monitoring and acquisition frequency for salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen is once every ten minutes. Step 3: Deploy the in-situ monitoring platform. First, place the monitoring device on the ice cover at the monitoring point and fix it in place. Then, manually drill a hole at the monitoring point to allow the monitoring components to enter under the ice cover. Step four: Data acquisition and processing. A local data acquisition unit is connected to each sensor to store the collected data. Outliers are filtered out by setting maximum and minimum thresholds on the local data acquisition unit, and the data is standardized before being transmitted to a cloud data platform for processing. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring parameters of ice sheet runoff and sediment, characterized in that, include: The monitoring component for monitoring deep under the ice sheet includes a monitoring rod (9), which is set on both sides of the base (1) and connected to the base (1) through a support arm (3); the support arm (3) is sleeved on the outside of the monitoring rod (9) and slidably connected; a drill bit (11) is set at the bottom of the monitoring rod (9); the monitoring rod (9) is a hollow rod with an exposed part at the bottom connected by three support rods (25); a monitoring instrument frame (22) is inserted into the monitoring rod (9), and a monitoring cavity (17) is set at the position of the monitoring instrument frame (22) relative to the exposed part of the monitoring rod (9); the upper ends of the monitoring rod (9) and the monitoring instrument frame (22) are both designed to be spliced. The monitoring rod (9) is inserted from above the ice cover layer (18) to below, and water is poured to freeze the contact point; The upper end of the monitoring rod (9) is connected to a removable lower pressure cover assembly; Drive assembly: includes a motor (5) and a positioning key (14) on the outer surface of the monitoring rod (9). The motor (5) is located on the upper end of the base (1) and is fixed by a fixing frame (4). A first gear (6) is keyed to the output shaft (7) of the motor (5), and the output shaft (7) is rotatably connected to the base (1). A second gear (8) is provided on the outside of the monitoring rod (9). The second gear (8) and the monitoring rod (9) are mutually limited by the positioning key (14). The second gear (8) meshes with the first gear (6).

2. The ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) has four corner fixing holes (2), and the fixing holes (2) are provided with fixing pins (13) for nailing into the ice cover layer (18). The surface of the fixing pins (13) is rough.

3. The ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (10) is provided between the support arm (3) and the second gear (8). The support plate (10) is fixedly connected to the support arm (3) and rotatably connected to the bottom of the second gear (8).

4. The ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower pressure cover assembly includes a handle (12) and a lower end cover (21). The handle (12) and the lower end cover (21) are rotatably connected by a bearing (15). The lower end cover (21) is inserted into the monitoring instrument frame (22). The handle (12) is located above the monitoring rod (9) and does not contact the monitoring rod (9) and the monitoring instrument frame (22).

5. A method for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters, implemented using the ice sheet runoff and sediment parameter monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Step 1: Select fixed monitoring points. After determining the frozen lake to be monitored, observe and determine the shape and form of the lake through drone aerial photography, determine the lake's water inlet and outlet, mark the lake outline on the map, connect the longest axes in multiple directions, select the lake's center point through the intersection of the axes, and then select monitoring points at the lake's water inlet, the lake's center point, and the lake's water outlet. Step 2: Determine the monitoring interval and monitoring type. The monitoring time is winter, and the monitoring parameters are water temperature, mud temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Step 3: Deploy the in-situ monitoring platform. First, place the monitoring device on the ice cover at the monitoring point and fix it in place. Then, manually drill a hole at the monitoring point to allow the monitoring components to enter under the ice cover. Step 4: Data Acquisition and Processing. A local data acquisition device is used to connect to each sensor and store the collected data. Outliers are filtered out by the local data acquisition device, the data is standardized, and then transmitted to the cloud data platform for data processing.

6. The method for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that: When conducting fixed-point monitoring in the laboratory, select the inlet, outlet, and center of the water tank within the slope water tank and water circulation system.

7. The method for monitoring ice sheet runoff and sediment parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the second step, a platinum resistance sensor for monitoring water temperature, a thermocouple sensor for monitoring mud temperature, and a multi-parameter sensor for monitoring salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen are selected. The monitoring and acquisition frequency for water temperature and mud temperature is once every half hour, and the monitoring and acquisition frequency for salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen is once every ten minutes.

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