Device and method for accurately indicating heat insulation performance of thermal protection material in arc wind tunnel environment

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for accurately predicting the heat insulation performance of a thermal protection material in an arc wind tunnel environment, and the device comprises an arc wind tunnel and a near one-dimensional heat insulation test device. The near one-dimensional heat insulation test device comprises a water cooling tool, a test piece, a rectangular-ambulatory-plane metal back plate, efficient heat insulation aerogel, a low-emissivity film and groove type heat insulation aerogel, the surface temperature of the test piece is obtained through non-contact temperature measurement, and temperature sensors are arranged on a center ring of the rectangular-ambulatory-plane metal back plate and the center position of the efficient heat insulation aerogel. Temperature data of the center under the near one-dimensional adiabatic condition are obtained, and the equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained through back temperature data anti-identification. By applying the technical scheme, the technical problems that an existing heating mode cannot simulate a real flight environment, a test scheme leaks heat, and accurate and reliable heat insulation performance data cannot be obtained are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal insulation performance testing technology for thermal protection materials, and in particular to a device and method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber-reinforced aerogel insulation materials are widely used in thermal insulation applications for satellites and other aerospace vehicles. These materials exhibit high out-of-plane thermal insulation efficiency and high in-plane thermal conductivity. Especially noteworthy are novel high-efficiency insulation materials with added in-plane thermal conductivity, which show an even greater difference between in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity (the thermal conductivity of in-plane thermally conductive materials is 10...). 2 Wm -1 .K -1 Accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data is crucial for the design of thermal protection solutions.

[0003] The convection heating method in electric arc wind tunnel testing is similar to that in flight testing. However, the wind tunnel test specimen is smaller in size and is placed in a water-cooled fixture. The high out-of-plane thermal insulation and high in-plane conductivity characteristics will exacerbate heat loss through the water-cooled fixture. Therefore, traditional wind tunnel testing methods cannot accurately characterize thermal insulation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a device and method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment, which can solve the technical problems that existing heating methods cannot simulate the real flight environment, test schemes leak heat, and cannot obtain accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment is provided. The device comprises: an electric arc wind tunnel used to simulate heating a test specimen in a real flight environment; a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation testing device used to acquire accurate temperature data, and to obtain the equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load through temperature data back-identification, thereby accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of the thermal protection material under an electric arc wind tunnel environment; the near-one-dimensional thermal insulation testing fixture includes a water-cooled fixture, a test specimen, a U-shaped metal backplate, a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel, a low-emissivity film, and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel. The water-cooled fixture is disposed on the outer layer of the near-one-dimensional thermal insulation testing device, and the inner layer... From hot to cold, the components are: test specimen, U-shaped metal backplate, high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel, low-emissivity film, and grooved thermal insulation aerogel. The U-shaped metal backplate consists of multiple metal rings, each filled with high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel or flexible felt. A groove is machined at the center line of the upper layer of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel, and a through hole is machined at the center for arranging a temperature sensor. A low-emissivity film is attached to the bottom of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel. The surface temperature of the test specimen is obtained through non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged at the center ring of the U-shaped metal backplate and the center of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel to obtain temperature data under near-one-dimensional adiabatic conditions. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back-temperature data identification.

[0006] Furthermore, for in-plane thermal conductivity type thermal protection material test pieces, high thermal conductivity thermal conductors are arranged in the heating uniform area, and the thermal conductors are evenly distributed inside the test piece, while the remaining areas are made of traditional thermal protection materials to suppress the influence of edge water-cooling fixtures on the center temperature.

[0007] Furthermore, the distance between the U-shaped metal back plate and the water-cooling fixture is greater than or equal to 20mm, and an aerogel heat insulation pad is used for heat insulation between the U-shaped metal back plate and the water-cooling fixture; on the outermost side of the U-shaped metal back plate, away from the test piece, another ring of metal plate is arranged to reduce the impact of heat transfer from the non-thermal conduction area at the edge on the temperature of the central area.

[0008] Furthermore, a ring of metal frame is arranged on the outer area of ​​the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel. The inner circular surface of the metal frame is spaced apart from the outer surface of the U-shaped metal back plate. The thickness of the outer contour surface of the metal frame is inconsistent in two directions. The width along the airflow direction of the wind tunnel is 15mm and the width perpendicular to the airflow direction is 5mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the low emissivity film has the same dimensions as the U-shaped metal backplate.

[0010] Furthermore, the grooved thermal insulation aerogel has grooves, and the inner contour of the grooves of the grooved thermal insulation aerogel is the same as that of the grooves of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment is provided. This method uses the device described above for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment to accurately predict the thermal insulation performance.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment includes: using an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate the heating of the test specimen in a real flight environment, and constructing a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the test specimen. The surface temperature of the test specimen is obtained through non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged at the center ring of the U-shaped metal backplate and the center position of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel to obtain temperature data under near-one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions at the center. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back-identification through the back temperature data.

[0013] The present invention provides a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. This device utilizes an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate a real flight environment to heat the test specimen and constructs a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the specimen. Accurate temperature data is obtained, and accurate thermal insulation performance is acquired through inverse identification. This method achieves accurate prediction of the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. It solves the problems of existing technologies where heating methods cannot simulate a real flight environment, test schemes suffer from heat leakage, and accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data cannot be obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the textual description, explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electric arc wind tunnel testing device;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the electric arc wind tunnel test setup and a schematic diagram of the temperature measuring point locations.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first layer of the test specimen;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the second layer of the back panel in a U-shape;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the third layer of high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fourth grooved aerogel layer;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the experimental setup.

[0022] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0023] 1. Test specimen; 11. In-plane heat conduction layer; 12. Traditional thermal protection material; 2. U-shaped metal back plate; 21. Metal ring; 22. Metal plate; 23. Aerogel insulation pad; 3. High-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel; 32a. Groove; 32b. Through hole; 31. Metal frame; 33. Low emissivity film; 41. Groove-type thermal insulation aerogel; 41a. Groove; 5. Water-cooling fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment is provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. This device includes: an electric arc wind tunnel used to simulate heating the test specimen in a real flight environment; a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device used to acquire accurate temperature data, and to obtain the equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load through temperature data back-identification, thereby completing the accurate prediction of the thermal insulation performance of the thermal protection material under an electric arc wind tunnel environment; the near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test apparatus includes a water-cooled fixture 5, a test specimen 1, a U-shaped metal backplate 2, a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3, a low-emissivity film 33, and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel 41. The water-cooled fixture 5 is disposed on the outer layer of the near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test apparatus, and the inner layer extends from the hot surface to the cold surface. The components are arranged in sequence as follows: test piece 1, U-shaped metal backplate 2, high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3, low-emissivity film 33, and grooved thermal insulation aerogel 41. The U-shaped metal backplate 2 includes multiple metal rings 21, each filled with high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel or flexible felt. A groove 32a is machined at the center line of the upper layer of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3, and a through hole 32b is machined at the center position for arranging a temperature sensor. The low-emissivity film 33 is attached to the bottom of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3. The surface temperature of the test piece is obtained by non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged at the center ring of the U-shaped metal backplate 2 and the center position of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3 to obtain temperature data under near-one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back-temperature data identification.

[0028] This configuration provides a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. The device uses an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate a real flight environment to heat the test specimen and constructs a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the specimen. Accurate temperature data is obtained, and accurate thermal insulation performance is acquired through inverse identification. This method achieves accurate prediction of the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. It solves the problems of existing technologies where heating methods cannot simulate real flight environments, test schemes suffer from heat leakage, and accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data cannot be obtained.

[0029] Specifically, in this invention, for in-plane thermal conductivity type thermal protection material test specimens, a high thermal conductivity thermal conductivity layer 11 is arranged in the heating uniform area to suppress the influence of edge water cooling fixtures on the center temperature. The thermal conductivity layer 11 is evenly arranged inside the test specimen 1, and the remaining areas are conventional thermal protection materials 12.

[0030] Furthermore, the distance between the U-shaped metal back plate 2 and the water-cooled fixture 5 is greater than or equal to 20mm, and an aerogel heat insulation pad 24 is used for heat insulation between the U-shaped metal back plate 2 and the water-cooled fixture 5; on the outermost side of the U-shaped metal back plate 2, away from the test piece, another ring of metal plate 22 is arranged to reduce the influence of heat transfer from the non-thermal conduction area at the edge on the temperature of the central area.

[0031] Furthermore, a ring-shaped metal frame 31 is arranged on the outer region of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3. The inner circular surface of the metal frame 31 is spaced apart from the outer surface of the U-shaped metal back plate 2. The thickness of the metal frame 31 is inconsistent in two directions within its outer contour surface. Figure 5 As shown, the width along the airflow direction of the wind tunnel is 15mm, and the width perpendicular to the airflow direction is 5mm.

[0032] Furthermore, in this invention, the low emissivity film 33 has the same dimensions as the U-shaped metal backplate 2.

[0033] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the grooved thermal insulation aerogel 41 has a groove 41a, and the inner contour of the groove 41a of the grooved thermal insulation aerogel 41 is the same as the groove 32a of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment is provided. This method uses the device described above for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment to accurately predict the thermal insulation performance.

[0035] This configuration provides a method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. This method utilizes an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate a real flight environment to heat the test specimen and constructs a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the specimen. Accurate temperature data is obtained, and accurate thermal insulation performance is acquired through inverse identification. This method achieves accurate prediction of the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. It solves the problems of existing technologies where heating methods cannot simulate real flight environments, test schemes suffer from heat leakage, and accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data cannot be obtained.

[0036] Furthermore, the method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment includes: using an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate the heating of the test specimen in a real flight environment, and constructing a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the test specimen. The surface temperature of the test specimen is obtained through non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged at the center ring of the U-shaped metal backplate and the center position of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel to obtain temperature data under near-one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions at the center. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back-identification through the back temperature data.

[0037] To gain a further understanding of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a detailed description of the device and method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention aims to provide a method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment, in order to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot meet the requirement of accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment.

[0039] The technical method used in this invention is as follows:

[0040] This invention discloses a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. The device includes: simulating a real flight environment by heating a test specimen in an electric arc wind tunnel, constructing a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the test specimen, acquiring accurate temperature data, and obtaining accurate thermal insulation performance through inverse identification. The near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device includes a test specimen, a U-shaped metal backplate, a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel, a low-emissivity film, and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel. Compared to previous test schemes, this device can effectively acquire back temperature data under near-one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions under real load environments, and the accuracy of the material's thermal conductivity obtained through inverse identification based on this data is within 10%.

[0041] The method for predicting thermal insulation performance is based on near-one-dimensional adiabatic temperature data, obtained through inverse identification. By rationally designing the test device, a near-one-dimensional adiabatic boundary condition at the center of the test specimen is constructed to ensure accurate acquisition of the thermal insulation performance of the thermal protection material.

[0042] The outermost layer of the test apparatus is a water-cooled fixture, and the inner layer, from the hot side to the cold side, consists of the test piece, a U-shaped metal back plate, a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel, a low emissivity film, and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel.

[0043] The first layer is test specimen 1: the anisotropic thermal protection material has a large difference in in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity, especially for in-plane thermally conductive thermal protection materials, where the difference in in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity is more than twice. To suppress in-plane heat leakage, a test specimen design larger than the wind tunnel nozzle size is adopted. The nozzle size is 160mm, and the test specimen design is 200mm×200mm. In particular, for the test specimen of the in-plane thermally conductive thermal protection material, a high thermal conductivity thermally conductive layer 11 is arranged only in the uniformly heated area (approximately 150mm×150mm) to suppress the influence of the edge water-cooling fixture on the center temperature. The thermally conductive layer is evenly distributed inside the test specimen, and the specific number of layers is determined according to the condition of the test specimen. The remaining areas are made of traditional thermal protection materials (e.g., aerogel) to avoid contact between the high thermal conductivity layer and the water-cooling fixture.

[0044] The second layer is a "U-shaped" metal backplate (numbered 21), bonded to the back of the test specimen. The backplate has at least five rings, with a minimum spacing of 1mm between each ring. Each ring is filled with high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 23 or flexible felt. The thickness of the backplate is determined based on the surface temperature and heat leakage of the test specimen. For 800℃ wind tunnel testing, the metal backplate thickness is 10mm; for 1200℃ wind tunnel testing, the thickness is 18mm. It is recommended that the distance between the "U-shaped" metal backplate and the water-cooling fixture 5 be at least 20mm. An aerogel thermal insulation pad 24 is used for insulation between the "U-shaped" metal backplate and the water-cooling fixture. On the outermost side of the "U-shaped" metal backplate, away from the test specimen, another ring of metal plate 22 is arranged to reduce the impact of downward heat transfer from the non-thermal conduction area at the edge on the temperature of the central area.

[0045] The third layer is a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 3. A ring of metal frame 31 is arranged on the outer area, with its inner contour 1 mm away from the outer contour of the second layer's "U-shaped" metal back plate to avoid contact with the second layer's metal back plate. The thickness of the metal plate 31 is inconsistent in two directions on the outer contour surface, with a width of 15 mm along the airflow direction of the wind tunnel and a width of 5 mm perpendicular to the airflow direction. A groove 32a, 5 mm wide and 2 mm deep, is machined at the center line of the upper layer of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (near the test specimen side), and a through hole 32b is machined at the center position for arranging a temperature sensor. A low-emissivity film 33 is attached to the bottom of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (away from the test specimen side), with the same film size as the outer contour of the second layer's "U-shaped" metal back plate.

[0046] The fourth layer is a grooved high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel 41. The inner contour of the groove 41a is the same as the inner contour of the third layer metal plate, and the thickness at the bottom (away from the test piece) is 5mm.

[0047] The surface temperature of the test specimen was obtained through non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors were placed at the center ring of the second layer "U-shaped" metal back plate and the center of the third layer of high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel to obtain temperature data under near one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load was obtained by back temperature data identification.

[0048] In summary, this invention provides a device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. This device utilizes an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate a real flight environment to heat the test specimen and constructs a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the specimen. Accurate temperature data is obtained, and accurate thermal insulation performance is acquired through inverse identification. This method achieves accurate prediction of the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment. It solves the problems of existing technologies where heating methods cannot simulate real flight environments, test schemes suffer from heat leakage, and accurate and reliable thermal insulation performance data cannot be obtained.

[0049] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment, characterized in that, The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under electric arc wind tunnel conditions includes: An electric arc wind tunnel, used to simulate the heating of test specimens in a real flight environment; A near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device is used to obtain accurate temperature data. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by inverse identification of the temperature data, and the thermal insulation performance of the thermal protection material under the electric arc wind tunnel environment is accurately predicted. The near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device includes a water-cooled fixture (5), a test piece (1), a U-shaped metal back plate (2), a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3), a low emissivity film (33), and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel (41). The water-cooled fixture (5) is set on the outer layer of the near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device, and the inner layer extends from the hot surface to the cold surface. The components are, in sequence, a test piece (1), a U-shaped metal backplate (2), a high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3), a low-emissivity film (33), and a grooved thermal insulation aerogel (41). The U-shaped metal backplate (2) includes multiple metal rings (21), each of which is filled with high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel or flexible felt. A groove (32a) is machined at the center line of the upper layer of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3), and a through hole (32b) is machined at the center for arranging a temperature sensor. The low-emissivity film (33) is pasted on the bottom of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3). Among them, the surface temperature of the test piece is obtained by non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged in the center ring of the U-shaped metal back plate (2) and the center of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3) to obtain temperature data under near one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back temperature data in reverse identification.

2. The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, For in-plane thermal conductivity type thermal protection material test pieces, a high thermal conductivity thermal conductivity layer (11) is arranged in the heating uniform area to suppress the influence of edge water cooling fixture on the center temperature. The thermal conductivity layer (11) is arranged inside the test piece (1), and the remaining area is a traditional thermal protection material (12).

3. The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the U-shaped metal back plate (2) and the water-cooling fixture (5) is greater than or equal to 20 mm. An aerogel heat insulation pad (24) is used for heat insulation between the U-shaped metal back plate (2) and the water-cooling fixture (5). On the outermost side of the U-shaped metal back plate (2), away from the test piece, another ring of metal plate (22) is arranged to reduce the influence of heat transfer from the non-thermal conduction area at the edge on the temperature of the central area.

4. The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, A ring-shaped metal frame (31) is arranged in the outer region of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3). The inner circular surface of the metal frame (31) is spaced apart from the outer surface of the U-shaped metal back plate (2). The thickness of the outer contour surface of the metal frame (31) is inconsistent in two directions. The width along the airflow direction of the wind tunnel is 15mm and the width perpendicular to the airflow direction is 5mm.

5. The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low emissivity film (33) has the same dimensions as the rectangular metal backplate (2).

6. The device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The grooved thermal insulation aerogel (41) has a groove (41a), and the inner contour of the groove (41a) of the grooved thermal insulation aerogel (41) is the same as the groove (32a) of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel (3).

7. A method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment, characterized in that, The method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment uses the device for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials in an electric arc wind tunnel environment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method for accurately predicting the thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials under an electric arc wind tunnel environment includes: using an electric arc wind tunnel to simulate a real flight environment to heat the test specimen, and constructing a near-one-dimensional thermal insulation test device for the test specimen. The surface temperature of the test specimen is obtained through non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature sensors are arranged at the center ring of the U-shaped metal backplate and the center position of the high-efficiency thermal insulation aerogel to obtain temperature data under near-one-dimensional thermal insulation conditions at the center. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal protection material under the current load is obtained by back-temperature data identification.

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